文献翻译—先进制造技术的新发展

附录The new advanced manufacturing technologydevelopmentSummary: This paper has presented the problems facing today's manufacturing technology，advanced manufacturing discussed in the forefront of science，and a vision for the future development of advanced manufacturing technology.Keyword：Advanced manufacturing technologies; Frontier science; Applications prospectsModern manufacturing is an important pillar of the national economy and overall national strength and its GDP accounted for a general national GDP 20%~55%. In the composition of a country's business productivity，manufacturing technology around 60% of the general role. Experts believe that the various countries in the world economic competition，mainly manufacturing technology competition. Their competitiveness in the production of the final product market share. With the rapid economic and technological development and customer needs and the changing market environment，this competition is becoming increasingly fierce，and that Governments attach great importance to the advanced manufacturing technology research.1 .Current manufacturing science to solve problemsManufacturing science to solve the current problems focused on the following aspects :(1) Manufacturing systems is a complex systems，and manufacturingsystems to meet both agility，rapid response and rapid reorganization of the capacity to learn from the information science，life science and social science interdisciplinary research，and explore new manufacturing system architecture，manufacturing models and manufacturing systems effective operational mechanism. Manufacturing systems optimized organizational structure and good performance is manufacturing system modelling，simulation and optimization of the main objectives. Manufacturing system architecture not only to create new enterprises both agility and responsiveness to the needs and the ability to reorganize significance，but also for the soft production equipment manufacturing enterprises bottom reorganization and dynamic capacity to set higher demands. Biological manufacturing outlook increasingly being introduced to the system to meet new demands manufacturing systems.(2) The rapid rise in support of manufacturing，geometric knowledge sharing has become a modern manufacturing constraints，product development and manufacturing technologies of the key issues. For example，in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) integration，coordinates measurements (CMM) and robotics fields，in 3D real space (3-Real Space)，there are a lot of geometric algorithm design and analysis，especially the geometric said，geometric calculation and geometric reasoning; In measurement and robot path planning and parts search spaces (such as Localization)，the existence of space C- interspace (configuration space Configuration Space) geometric calculation and geometric reasoning; Objects in operation (rescue，paying and assembly，etc.) means paying more description and robot planning，campaign planning and assembly operations planning is needed in the types of space (Screw Space) geometric reasoning. Manufacturing process of physical and geometric mechanics phenomenon of scientific research to create a geometric calculation and geometric reasoning，and other aspects ofthe research topic，the theory pending further breakthrough，the new one door disciplines -- computer geometric are being increasingly broad and in-depth study.(3) In the modern manufacturing process，information not only manufacturing industries have become dominated the decisive factor，but also the most active ones. Manufacturing information systems to improve throughput of modern manufacturing has become a focus of scientific development. The manufacturing information system organization and structure required to create information access，integration and integration show three-dimensional in nature，measuring the multidimensional nature of the information，and information organizations nature. Information structure models in the manufacturing，manufacturing information consistency constraint，and the dissemination of data processing and the manufacture of enormous knowledge base management，and other areas，there is a need to further breakthroughs.(4) The calculation of the wisdom of artificial intelligence tools and methods in the manufacture of a wide range of applications for manufacturing smart development. Category based on the calculation of biological evolution algorithms smart tools，including activation issues optimize GPS technology portfolio by growing concern is in the manufacture of the complete portfolio optimization problems combined speed and precision of GPS issues both in size constraints. Manufacturing wisdom manifested in the following aspects : wisdom activation，wisdom design，intelligent processing，robotics，intelligent control，intelligent process planning，smart diagnostic，and other aspects. These innovative products are the key theoretical issues，but also by creating a door for a science skills in the important basic issues. The focus in these issues，we can form the basis of product innovation research system.2. Modern mechanical engineering at the frontiers of scienceCross-integration between the different science will produce new scientific gathering，economic development and social progress of science and technology created new demands and expectations，thus creating a frontier science. Frontier science is settled and unsettled issues between the scientific community. Frontier science，with a clear domain，and dynamic character of the area. Works frontier science from the general basic science is an important characteristic of the actual works，it covers the key emerging science and technology issues. Ultrasonic electrical，ultra-high-speed machines，green design and manufacturing，and other fields，and has done a lot of research work，but innovation is the key question is not clear mechanical science. Large complex mechanical system design and performance optimization of product innovation design，smart structures and systems，intelligent robots and their dynamics，nano Mocaxue，manufacturing process 3D numerical simulations and physical simulation，precision and ultra-fine processing technology key basis，about 10 mega large and sophisticated equipment design and manufacturing base，virtual manufacturing and virtual instruments，nanometer measurement and instrumentation，parallel connection axis machine tools，and although the field of micro-electromechanical systems have done a lot of research，but there are still many key science and technology issues to be resolved. Information science，nano science，materials science，life science，management science and manufacturing science of the 21st century will be to change the mainstream science，and the resulting high-tech industry will change the face of the world. Therefore，the above areas of cross-development manufacturing systems and manufacturing informatics，nano manufacturing machinery and nano science，better machinery and better manufacturing science，management science and manufacturing systems willbe critical to the 21st century mechanical engineering science is important frontier science.2.1 Manufacturing science and information science cross -- manufacturing informaticsMechanical and electrical products，chemical raw materials in the information. Many modern value added products primarily reflected in the information. Thus the manufacturing process for the acquisition and application of information is very important. Information science and technology is to create an important symbol of globalization and modernization. While the manufacturing technology began to explore product design and manufacturing processes，the nature of the information，on the other hand，to create technology to transform itself to adapt to the new information makes its manufacturing environment. Along with the manufacturing process and manufacturing systems to deepen understanding，researchers are trying to new concepts and approaches to their description and expression to achieve further control and optimization purposes.And manufacturing-related information mainly product information，technical information and information management in this area following major research direction and content :(1) manufacturing information acquisition，processing，storage，transmission and application of knowledge to create information and decision-making transformation.(2) Non-symbols expressing information，manufacturing information enables transmission，manufacturing information management，manufacturing information integrity in a state of non-production decision-making，management of virtual manufacturing，based on the network environment of the design and manufacturing，manufacturing process control andmanufacturing systems science. These elements are manufactured in science and the scientific basis for the integration of product information，constitute the manufacture of the new branch of science -- to create informatics.2.2 Micro mechanical and manufacturing technology researchMicro-electronic mechanical systems (MEMS) refers to the collection of micro-sensors，micro-devices and the implementation of signal processing and control circuits，interface circuits，communications and power with the integration of micro-electromechanical system integrity. MEMS technology objectives through system miniaturization，to explore a new theory of integration，new functional components and systems. MEMS development will greatly facilitate the pocket of various products，miniaturization，a number of devices and systems to enhance the level of functional density，information density and Internet density，significantly saving，thin section. Not only can it reduce the cost of mechanical and electrical systems，but also to be completed and the size of many large systems impossible task. For example，using sophisticated 5μm diameter micro tweezers walls are made of a red blood cell can; Created to keep the cars 3mm size; In the magnetic field，like butterflies flying size aircraft. MEMS technology has opened up a completely new technology areas and industries，with many traditional sensors incomparable advantages in manufacturing，aerospace，transportation，telecommunications，agriculture，biomedical，environmental monitoring，military，families，and access to almost all areas have very broad application prospects.Micro machinery is machinery and electronic technology in nano-scale technology integration photogenic product. Back in 1959 scientists have raised the idea of micro-mechanical and micro-1962，the first silicon pressure sensors. 1987 California University of California Berkeley developed rotor diameter ofthe silicon micro-60~120 16ug m electrostatic electric motors，show produced using silicon micro-machining small movable structures and compatible with IC manufacturing micro system potential. Micro-mechanical technology might like 20th century microelectronics technology，the technology of the world in the 21st century，economic development and national defense building a tremendous impact. Over the past 10 years，the development of micro-mechanical spectacular. Its characteristics are as follows : a considerable number of micro-components (micro structure，the implementation of micro-sensors and micro-machines，etc.) and micro-systems research success reflects the current and potential applications of value; The development of micro-manufacturing technology，particularly semiconductor processing technology have become small micro systems support technology; micro-electromechanical systems research needs of the interdisciplinary research team，micro-electromechanical systems technology in the development of microelectronics technology on the basis of multidisciplinary cross-frontier area of research，involving electronic engineering，mechanical engineering，materials engineering，physics，chemistry and biomedical engineering and other technical and scientific.The current micro-mechanical systems under the conditions of the campaign laws，the physical characteristics and micro components of the role of the mechanics payload acts lack adequate understanding is not yet in a theoretical basis for a micro-system design theory and methodology，and therefore can By experience and test methods research. Micro-mechanical systems，the existence of key scientific research issues of micro-scale system effects，physical properties and biochemical characteristics. Micro-system research are in the eve of a breakthrough，which is the in-depth study of the area.2.3 Material produced / manufactured parts integration of new technologies for processing.Material is a milestone in the progress of mankind，is the manufacturing and high-tech development. Every important to the success of the production and application of new materials，will promote the material and the promotion of national economic strength and military strength. 21，the world will be resource consumption-based economy to a knowledge-based industrial transformation for materials and parts and functions of a high performance，intelligent features; Request materials and components designed to achieve quantitative-based and digitized; Prepare materials and components for the rapid，efficient and achieve both integration and integrated. Digital materials and components designed to be a simulation and optimization of materials and components to achieve high quality production / manufacturing and other integration，integrated manufacturing key. On the one hand，to be completed through computer simulation optimization can reduce the material is produced in the course of manufacture of spare parts and experimental links to the best craft programmes，materials and components to achieve high quality production / manufacturing; On the other hand，according to the requirements of different material properties，such as flexible modules volume，thermal expansion coefficient，magnetic performance，Research materials and components designed form. And the removal of traditional materials-manufacturing technology，and increase the level of information technology，the research group of synthetic materials is a process technology. Forming materials and components manufacture digital theory，technology and methods，such as rapid adoption of emerging technologies material growing principles，a breakthrough in the traditional law and to build law mechanicaldeformation processing many restrictions，no processing tools or dies，can rapidly create arbitrary complex shape and has a certain function 3D models or entity parts.2.4 machinery manufacturing breakthroughThe 21st century will be the century of life science，mechanical and life sciences depth integration will generate new concept products (such as better intelligence structure)，to develop a new process (such as the growth processes shape) and the opening of new industries and to resolve product design，manufacturing processes and systems provide a series of problems new solutions. This is a highly innovative and leading edge area in the challenge.Earth's biological evolution in the long accumulated fine qualities of human manufacturing activities to address the various problems with examples and guidelines. Learning from life phenomena organizations operating complex systems and methods and techniques，manufacturing is the future solution to the current problems facing many an efficient way. Better manufacturing refers to the replication of biological organs from organizations，since healing，self growth and evolution since the function of the model structure and operation of a manufacturing system and manufacturing process. If the manufacturing process mechanization，automation extends human physical and intelligent extension of the human intellectual，then "create better" may be said to extend its own organizational structure and human evolution process.Gene involved in the manufacture of biological science is the "self-organization" mechanism and its application in manufacturing systems. The so-called "self-organization" refers to a system in its internal mechanism driven by the organizational structure and operation mode learning，thereby enhancing the capacity for environmental adaptation process. Create better "since the organization" bottom-up mechanism for parallel product design andmanufacturing processes of automatic generation，the dynamics of production systems and manufacturing systems and products more automatic a theoretical foundation and achieve superior conditions.Create a better manufacturing and life sciences "far edge hybrid" of the 21st century manufacturing will have an enormous impact. Create better research content is twofold :2.4.1 To create better livesResearch lives of the general phenomenon of the law and models，such as artificial life，cellular automatic machines，biological information processing skills，biological wisdom，biological-based organizational structure and mode of operation and the evolution of biological mechanisms and getting better;2.4.2 Oriented manufacturing breakthrough manufacturingResearch organizations better manufacturing systems since the mechanisms and methods，for example : based on full information-sharing breakthrough design principles，multi-discipline modules based on the distributed control and coordination mechanism based on the evolution of an excellent strategy; Study the concept of creating better system and its basis，such as : the formalization described space and better information shine upon relations better system and its evolution of complexity measurement methods.Machinery manufacturing is better and better mechanical science and life science，information science，materials science disciplines such as high integration，the study includes growth formative processes，better design and manufacturing systems，mechanical and biological wisdom better shape manufacturing. Currently doing research mostly forward exploratory work，with distinct characteristics of the basic research，if the research continues to seize opportunities that might arise revolutionary breakthroughs. Future research should concern areas of biological processing technology，better manufacturingsystem，based on rapid prototype manufacturing engineering technology organizations，as well as biological engineering related key technical basis.3. Modern manufacturing technology trendsSince the beginning of the 1990s，the nations of the world have manufacturing technology research and development as a national priority for the development of key technologies，such as the United States advanced manufacturing technology plan AMTP，Japan wisdom manufacturing technology (IMS) international cooperation schemes，Korea senior national plan of modern technology (G--7)，Germany plans to manufacture 2000 and the EC Esprit and BRITE-EURAM plan.With the electronics，information，the constant development of new and high technologies，market demand individuality and diversity，the future of modern manufacturing technology to the overall development trends of the sophisticated，flexible，and networked，virtual and intelligent，green integrated，globalization direction.Current trends in modern manufacturing technology has the following nine areas :(1) Information technology，management techniques and technologyclosely integrated technology，modern production model will becontinuous development.(2) Design techniques and more modern means.(3) Shaped and manufacture of sophisticated technology and manufacturingprocesses to achieve longer.(4) The formation of new special processing methods.(5) Development of a new generation of ultra-sophisticated，ultra-high-speed manufacturing equipment.(6) Machining skills development for the engineering sciences.(7) Implementation of clean green manufacturing.(8)The widespread application of virtual reality technology to themanufacturing sector.(9) To create people-oriented.先进制造技术的新发展摘要：本文介绍了当今制造技术面临的问题，论述了先进制造的前沿科学，并展望了先进制造技术的发展前景。