Chapter 14 International Marine Cargo Insurance
国际贸易理论与实务(英文版)Ch.14 Insurance
② Partial loss
Particular average
✓ Partial loss occasioned by some perils insured against;
✓ To be sustained exclusively by the person upon whom the damage falls.
Voluntarily and reasonably made
✓ Intentionally made on willingness rather than on the orders of others.
✓ Any expense incurred must be governed by the same criteria of reasonableness.
⑥ Losses attributable to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distress (避难港) following a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call (停泊 港) or refuge (避难港).
However, in the absence of terms as to whether transshipment is allowed or not in the contract, transshipment is to be construed as not allowed.
2. Ocean average and charges
国际货运代理英语常用词汇
国际货运代理英语常用词汇2009/12/11 08:59Unit 1 Scope of Freight Forwarding Servicesfreight forwarder 货运代理/货物代理人foreign exchange 外汇/外国汇票bills of lading 提单commission agent 委托代理人letter of credit 信用证customs clearance 清关special cargoes 特殊货物project cargoes 工程货物heavy crane 重吊customs terminal 海关站trade contract 贸易合同general cargo 杂货transit operations 运输过程Unit 2 Incoterms 2000-Six Major Trade Termsinland waterway transport 内河运输clear the goods for export 办理货物出口清关手续insurance policy 保险单insurance premium 保险费charges 费用port 港口point 点premise 所在地collection vehicle 提货的车辆be in conformity with 与---相符formalities 手续packing costs 包装费用transfer of risks 风险转移in accordance with 根据no obligation 无义务mode of transport 运输方式exchange control 外汇管制Unit 3 Terms of Shipment in the Contract for the International Sale of Goodsports of call 挂靠港/停靠港expiry date 有效期presentation of documents 交单partial shipments 分批装运shipping documents 装运单据/运输单据liner transport 班轮运输shipping by chartering 租船运输sailing schedule 船期表liner freight tariff 班轮运价表weight ton 重量吨measurement ton 尺码吨direct additional 直航附加费transshipment additional 转船附加费port additional 港口附加费port congestion surcharge 港口拥挤附加费alteration of destination additional 变更卸货港附加费deviation surcharge 绕航附加费optional additional 选卸附加费bunker surcharge 燃油附加费additional for excess of liability 超额责任附加费dispatch money 速遣费shipping space 舱位Unit 4 International Cargo Transportation Insuranceinsurance broker 保险经纪人in transit 运输中Particular Average 单独海损general average 共同海损partial loss 部分损失stranded vessel 搁浅船Free of Particular Average(FPA) 平安险（单独海损不赔）With Average/With Particular Average(WA/WPA) 水渍险All Risks(AR) 一切险War and Strikes, Riots and Civil Commotions 战争、罢工、暴动和民变（风险）bulk cargo 散货deductible franchise 绝对免赔额general cargo 杂货/普通货物inherent vice 内在缺陷/固有缺陷insurance fund 保险基金insurance company 保险公司insurance contract 保险合同insurance clauses 保险条款insurance period 保险期限insurance agent 保险代理人actual total loss 实际全损constructive total loss 推定全损force majeure 不可抗力full insurance 足额保险general average contribution 共同海损分摊marine insurance 海上保险notice of claim 索赔通知partial loss 部分损失perils of the sea 海上风险rate of premium 保险费率returns of premium 保险退费validity of policy 保险单的有效期valued policy 定值保险单voyage policy 航次保险单war risk 战争险wear and tear 自然磨损Unit 5 The Practice of International Ocean cargo Transportationinternational trade 国际贸易carriage of goods by sea 海上货物运输pattern of international trade 国际贸易方式shipping market 航运市场non-conference lines 非班轮公会航线non-vessel operating common carrier(NVOCC) 无营运船公共承运人tramp service 不定期船运输conference lines 班轮公会航线scheduled service 定期航运common carrier 公共承运人shipping conference 班轮公会freight rate 运费率supply and demand 供求bill of lading, B/L 提单sea waybill 海运单shipping note 托运单/装货通知单delivery order 提货单mate's receipts 大副收据/收货单contract of carriage 货物运输合同receipt for goods 货物收据document of title 物权凭证port authorities 港务局/港口主管机关shipping space 舱位liner service 班轮运输sailing schedule 船期表cargo seawothiness 适货shipowner 船舶所有人/船东ship operator 船舶经营人merchant ship 商船passenger ship 客船general cargo ship 杂货船oil tanker 油船container ship 集装箱船multipurpose cargo vessel 多用途船roll on/roll off ship or ro/ro ship 滚装船freight manifest 运费清单shipping order 装货单loading list or cargo list 装货清单dangerous cargo list 危险品清单damage cargo list 货物残损单cargo tracer 货物查询单actual carrier 实际承运人voyage charter 航次租船bareboat charter 光船租船cancelling date 解约日multimodal transportation 多式联运stowage plan 积载图notice of readiness 准备就绪通知书Unit 6 Chartering Shipping or Tramp Shippingen route 在途中port dues 港口费canal tolls 运河通行费light dues 灯标费harbour dues 港务费forwarding agent 货运代理人long term contract 长期合同。
合同翻译
英语商务合同的翻译一．商务合同的定义“商务合同”（Commercial Contracts or Business Contracts）的概念，美国法学博士Karla C. Shippey 给的释义为：“A Commercial Contract, in simplest terms, is merely an agreement made by two or more parties for the purpose of transacting business”(Karla, 1991:1) 国际商务合同是保证国际商务合同顺利进行的法律文件。
一般意义上讲，国际商务合同涉及两国或两国以上业务的合同。
我国国家法律规定一切正式合同均采用书面形式。
现行国际商务合同的主要种类有：货物销售，技术转让，合资合作经营企业，补偿贸易，工程承包，涉外劳务，国际运输，保险，金融，商务代理等合同二．商务合同的种类1）商品交易方面国际货物买卖合同Contract for International Sale of Goods成套设备进出口合同Set Equipment Import and Export Contract包销合同Exclusive Sales Contract委托代理合同Agency by Mandate Contract寄售合同Consignment Contract易货贸易合同Barter Trade Contract仓储保管合同Warehouse Keeping Contract补偿贸易合同Compensation Trade Contract2) 国际合作方面国际工程承包合同International Project Contract工程合作合同Construction Cooperation Contract国际劳务合作合同International Service Cooperation Contract来料来样加工合同Contract of Commission Processing承揽合同Contract of Project加工装配合同Assembling Contract船舶修理合同Ship Repair Contract技术开发合同Technology Development Contract技术合作合同Technology Cooperation Contract技术引进合同Technology Acquisition Contract技术转让合同Technology Transfer Contract技术咨询合同Technology Consultant Contract技术使用许可合同License Contract of the Technology Use专利许可实施合同Patent License Execution Contract商标专利转让合同Trademark Patent Transfer Contract3) 外国投资方面中外合资经营企业合同Chinese-Foreign Joint Venture Contract中外合作经营企业合同Chinese-Foreign Contractual Enterprise Contract中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Exploitation of the NaturalResources Contract合作生产合同Cooperative Production Contract专利、商标、技术诀窍转让合同Patent，Trademark，Technological Know-how TransferContract4) 金融方面政策调整贷款合同Government Adjusted Loan Contract行业贷款合同Trade Loan Contract商业信用贷款合同Commercial Credit Loan Contract出口信用贷款合同Export Credit Loan Contract补偿贸易贷款合同Compensation Trade Loan Contract引进技术贷款合同Technology Acquisition Loan Contract进口设备贷款合同Import of Equipment Loan Contract基建工程项目贷款合同Construction Project Loan Contract开发基金贷款合同Development Fund Loan Contract专项贷款合同Special Item Loan Contract5) 租赁和保险方面国际租赁合同International Leasing Contract涉外担保合同Foreign Warranty Contract涉外保险合同Foreign Insurance Contract6) 运输方面国际海上货物运输合同International Marine Cargo Transportation Contract铁路货物运输合同International Railway Transportation Contract公路运输合同International Road Transportation Contract航空运输合同International Air Freight Contract邮政运输合同International Post Transportation Contract管道运输合同International Pipe Transportation Contract集装箱运输合同International Container Transportation Contract7) 其他方面合同保证合同Guarantee Contract外企劳动合同Foreign-owed Enterprise Labour Contract涉外培训合同Foreign Training Contract国际广告合同International Advertising Contract仲裁合同Arbitration Contract经营管理合同Management Contract三．商务合同的结构（The Structure of Contract）以课本p210页合同为例1. Preamble/ Head 约首/前文Date and place of signing 订约日期和地点Signing parties and their nationalities, principal place of business or residence addresses 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所Each party’s authority 当事人合法依据eg. This Joint Venture Contract is made between AA corporation, a legal person incorporated and duly existing under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter called “Party A”)…本合资企业合同依照中华人民共和国法律成立并存在的法人实体AA公司（以下称“甲方”）a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of …按当地法律组织并存在的…Recitals or WHEREAS clause 订约缘由/说明条款The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below.2. Body 本文Definition clause 定义条款Property means property, assets, interests and rights of every description, wherever situated.Basic conditions 基本条款—品质规格条款、数量条款、包装条款、价格条款、商检条款、装运条款、保险条款、支付条款General terms and conditions 一般条款Duration 合同有效期Termination 合同的终止Force Majeure 不可抗力Assignment 合同的让与transfer negotiation devisionArbitration 仲裁Governing law 适用的法律Jurisdiction 诉讼管辖Notice 通知手续Amendments 合同修改Others 其他Witness clause/ Tail 结尾条款—文字、文字效力，正文份数、附件及其效力，签名The language in which the contract is written, validity of the contract and signature This Contract is made out in two originals, each copy written in Chinese and English languages, both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the Chinese shall prevail.本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。
商务英语-International-cargo-insurance资料
1. Parties to the insurance
Insurer 保险人/承保人
The party undertaking to indemnify the insurant against losses or damages
Can be the insurance company / underwriter In China, PICC is usually the insurer
2. Types of Risks, losses and expenses
2.1 Marine Risks
Perils of the Sea 海上风险
Natural Calamities Unexpected Accidents
Risks
General Extraneous Risks
Extraneous Risks
1. Parties to the insurance
the claimant 索赔人
The insurant may not necessarily be the claimant Depending on: who has the insurable interest of the
goods when the goods are damaged or lost
General average (GA) 共同海损
It means that whichever shipper loses all or part of his cargo, all the others will club together to recompense him for his loss.
1. e
insured/ the insurant投保人/被保险人
《国际贸易实务》教学大纲
《国际贸易实务》教学大纲课程编号：学时：64 学分：？一、课程的性质与目的国际贸易实务是一门研究国际货物买卖的有关理论和实际业务的课程，也是高等院校国际经济与贸易专业的一门专业基础课程。
学习本课程的主要目的：1、使学生通过本课程的学习，初步掌握进行国际货物买卖的基本理论、基础知识和基本技能；2、学会在进出口贸易中，既能结合我国的实际，切实贯彻国家的方针政策和企业的经营意图，又能符合法律规则和国际贸易惯例。
二、课程的基本内容本课程分为九章，包括四大部分。
第一部分即第一章，贸易术语与国际贸易惯例。
将介绍与贸易术语有关的国际惯例和常用的贸易术语。
第二部分是国际货物买卖合同的主要条款，包括商品名称和品质、数量、包装、价格、装运、保险、货款支付以及商检、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁，分别在第二章至第七章介绍。
第三部分即第八章，国际货物买卖合同的商订与履行。
首先介绍交易磋商，然后举例说明合同的履行。
第四部分即第九章，国际贸易方式。
介绍国际贸易中常用的几种贸易方式。
三、本课程的基本要求学习本课程要求学生首先学习《中国对外贸易》、《国际贸易》等课程，同时要求学生学好相关知识如《国际商法》、《国际金融》、《国际市场营销》等课程。
四、教学安排（64学时,包括讲课和实习）第一章国际贸易术语6学时Chapter 1 International T rade T erms第一节贸易术语与国际惯例1.1 Trade Terms and International Rules第二节常用的三种贸易术语1.2 Three Most Popular Trade Terms第三节货交承运人的三种贸易术语1.3 Three Trade Terms on Delivering to Carrier第四节其他贸易术语1.4 Other Trade Terms第五节贸易术语的选用1.5 Selecting of Trade Terms第二章商品的名称及其质量、数量与包装4学时Chapter 2 Name and Quality of Commodity, Quantity and Packaging第一节商品的名称及其质量2.1 Name and Quality of Commodity第二节数量2.2 Quantity第三节包装2.3 Packaging第三章国际货物运输10学时Chapter 3 International Cargo T ransport第一节运输方式3.1 Transport Modes第二节装运条款3.2 Shipment Clause第三节运输单据3.3 Shipping Documents第四章国际货物运输保险6学时Chapter 4 Insurance of International Cargo T ransportation第一节概述4.1 An Overview of Insurance of International Cargo Transportation第二节海运货物保险承保的范围4.2 Insured Range in Ocean Transportation第三节我国海运货物保险的险别4.3 Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of CIC第四节伦敦保险协会海运货物保险条款4.4 Institute Cargo Clause (ICC)第五节我国陆运、空运货物与邮包运输保险4.5 Overland Transportation Cargo, Air Transportation Cargo and Parcel PostInsurance Clause第六节买卖合同中的保险条款4.6 Insurance Clauses of the contract第五章进出口商品的价格8学时Chapter 5 Price第一节定价时应考虑的问题5.1 Points considered in pricing第二节计价货币和支付货币的选择5.2 Choice of currency for account and payment第三节佣金与折扣5.3 Commission and Discounts第四节合同中的价格条款5.4 Clauses of Price第六章国际货款的收付14学时Chapter 6 International T rade Payment第一节支付工具6.1 Instruments of Payment第二节汇付与托收6.2 Remittance and Collection第三节信用证付款6.3 Letter of Credit第四节银行保函6.6 Banker’s Letter of Guarantee第五节合同中的支付条款6.5 Terms of Payment in Contract第七章检验、索赔、不可抗力与仲裁4学时Chapter 7 Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration第一节检验7.1 Inspection第二节索赔7.2 Claim第三节不可抗力7.3 Force Majeure第四节仲裁7.4 Arbitration第八章合同的商订与履行8学时Chapter 8 T rade Negotiation and Contract Performing第一节合同的商订8.1 Trade Negotiation第二节合同的履行8.2 Contract Performing第九章国际贸易方式4学时Chapter 9 International T rade Modes第一节经销与代理9.1 Distributorship and Agency第二节寄售与展卖9.2 Consignment, Fairs and Sales第三节招标投标与拍卖9.3 Invitation to tenders, Submission of tenders and Auction第四节期货交易与套期保值9.4 Futures Trading and Hedging第五节对销贸易9.5 Counter Trade第六节加工贸易9.6 Improvement Trade第七节电子商务9.7 Commercial Business五、教材和参考资料教材：《国际贸易实务》对外经济贸易大学出版社，黎孝先主编《International Trade Theory and Practice》对外经济贸易大学出版社，张素芳编著参考书：1、吴百福主编.《进出口贸易实务教程》.上海人民出版社2003年版2、《对外贸易实务》中国对外经济贸易教育协会主办（月刊）3、《中国海关》中国海关出版社主办（月刊）4、商务部、海关等相关网站5、杨玲等.《国际贸易与国际金融》.武汉大学出版社《国际贸易实务》课程简介课程编号：课程名称：国际贸易实务英文名称：International Trade Practice学时：50 学分：2.5课程简介：国际贸易实务是一门研究国际货物买卖的有关理论和实际业务的课程，也是高等院校国际经济与贸易专业的一门专业基础课程。
课题_international business law 陈建平 邹日强主编
international business law 陈建平邹日强主编《国际商法》简介：陈建平等编著的《国际商法》教材旨在使读者在英语语境中较为系统地学习国际商务法律知识，熟悉和掌握英文商务法律术语、基本概念及基础理论，在此基础上深刻领会法律英语在语义、语用、语篇等方面的特殊性及其变化规律，提高专业英语技能。
本书分9个部分，共23个单元，重点介绍国际货物买卖法、合同法、商事组织法、代理法、产品责任法、国际投资法、知识产权法、国际商务中的争端解决等内容。
作者简介暂缺《国际商法》作者简介目录《国际商法》目录：Chapter 1 Introduction to International Business Law Chapter 2 NCOTERMSChapter 3 The Law of International Marine Cargo Transport Chapter 4 The Law of Insurance in InternationalCargoTransportChapter 5 The Law of International Settlement of Payment Chapter 6 Antidumping LawChapter 7 Contract LawChapter 8 United Nations Convention on Contracts far theInternational Sale of GoodsChapter 9 Contract Law in ChinaChapter 10 Corporate LawChapter 11 The Law of PartnershipsChapter 12 The Law of AgencyChapter 13 Product Liability LawChapter 14 Legal Forms of Foreign Direct Investment in China Chapter 15 Trade Related Investment Measures Agreement Chapter 16 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Chapter 17 Paris Convention for the Protection of IndustrialPropertyChapter 18 Patent Law in ChinaChapter 19 Trademark Law in ChinaChapter 20 Copyright Law in ChinaChapter 21 International Commercial ArbitrationChapter 22 The Dispute Settlement System of WTOChapter 23 International Center for Settlement of InvestmentDisputes。
国际贸易实务课后练习答案英文版
What contents shoul d a contract embody?Sell er's and buyer's name.The name of commodity and unit price.Terms of d elivery.Payment terms.Delivery date.Insurance.Claim clause.Arbitration clause。
Force majeure clause.mImport license.mAmendments and suppl ements.Supersed e contract.Retirement right.Place of signing.Plain language.Different date formats.Units of measurement.Currency.Interpretation or translation.Signing of the contract.ually terms of trad e are stipulated in the trad e contract and cl early indicateboth parties responsibilities.√2.Claim and arbitration clause must be includ ed in the written contract.×3.Once signed, I need amendments and suppl ements to the present contractcoul d not be accepted.╳4. A firm offer must indicate that once it has been an conditionally Accept bythe offered within its validity,The offer is binding on both parties.√5.Written form of contract has a l ot of advantages in disputes. Resolving soevery contract shoul d be conducted in writing.×6.In most cases both the buyer and the seller will experience many runs of offerand counter offer before. Concluding a contract.√7.According to cIsgI offer, if it is irrevocabl e, may not be withdrawn if thewithdrawal reaches the offeree being or at the same time as the offer.×8.According to crsg,There are firm offer and non firm offer.×9. A firm offer should includ e at l east three specific conditions, name ofcommodity, quality of commodity and price of commodity.√10.The content of the offer can be ind efinite.×11.In reality.the quantity of goods shipped must be exactly the same with thatstipulated in the contract.×12.In terms of systems of ways and measures. China ad opts us system due to isbeing wid ely applied in the international trad e.×13.Packing can only serve as a form of protection.×14.Graceful night is often stipulated in the contract to indicate that the way ofthe lies valued products is cal culated by Gross weight.√15.The more or l ess cl ouds means that the quantity d elivered can be more or l esswithin certain extent.√Yes, the articl es had great changes in price at the time when d elivery is mad e. The sail or may stipulate that settlement for this part is based on the market price at the time. When the goods I shipped on board the vessel.错。
国际贸易实务ppt课件
TRANSPORTATION
INSURANCE
Understanding:
Risk, Average and Expenses
Cargo insurance clause of PICC (CIC)and ICC
Insurance documents
Exclusions
Duration
W/W, Warehouse to warehouse clause---for basic risks
Shipper’s
Warehouse
Port of
shippment
Port of destination
(terminate 60 days later after
Partial
loss of natural disasters
Breakage of Packing
Rust
WA+ General additional risks
11 kinds
War Risk
Strikes
Failure to Delivery
Import Duty Risk
On Deck Risk
Marine Cargo Insurance Coverage
Risk
Natural Calamities
Heavy Weather
Lightning
Tsunami
Washing Overboard
Flood
Earthquake
Volcanic Eruption
Entry of sea, lake or river water into vessel craft, hold,
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 14 International Marine Cargo Insurance海上货物运输保险承保的范围自然灾害海上风险意外事故风险一般外来风险外来风险特殊外来风险实际全损承保范围全部损失推定全损损失共同海损G.A部分损失单独海损P.A费用施救费用救助费用§1 Perils and losses in Ocean TransportationⅠ. Perils of the sea1. Perils of the sea(1) Natural calamities 自然灾害指不以人的意志为转移的自然界的力量所引起的灾害，在海上保险业务中，并不泛指一切由于自然力量所造成的灾害。
而仅指：①恶劣气候（如飓风、大浪）；②雷电（如雷电引起的火灾）；③海啸（如巨大波浪）；④地震；⑤火山爆发等人力不可抗拒的灾害。
（2）Fortuitous accident 意外事故指由于偶然的，非预料中的原因所造成的事故。
在海上保险业务中，意外事故并不泛指海上意外事故。
而是仅指运输工具遭受：搁浅、触礁、沉没、碰撞、失火、失踪、爆炸等。
2 . Extraneous risks 外来风险（1）General extraneous risks 一般外来风险指被保险货物在运输途中由于遭受一般外来原因所造成的风险。
主要有：偷窃、沾污、渗漏、破碎、受热、受潮、串味、生锈、钩损、淡水雨淋、短少和提货不着、短量、破损等。
(2) Special extraneous risks 特殊外来风险指由于军事、政治、国家政策法令以及行政措施等特殊外来原因所造成的风险与损失。
Ⅱ.Ocean average and charges 海上损失和费用(1) Total loss 全部损失简称全损。
指被保险货物遭受全部损失，按损失情况的不同，可分为实际全损和推定全损。
（ⅰ）Actual total loss实际全损指被保险货物完全灭失或完全变质，或者货物实际上已不可能归还被保险人。
例：我公司出口稻谷一批，因保险事故被海水浸泡多时而丧失其原有价值，货到目的港后只能低价出售，这种损失属于实际全损。
Actual total loss, within the meaning of the definition, may be construed in threedistinct ways, namely:(a) When the subject matter is totally destroyed.被保险货物的实体已完全灭失。
(b) When the subject matter is so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured,and被保险货物已丧失原有用途和价值，和(c) When the assured is irretrievably deprived thereof.被保险货物所有权的丧失已无可挽回，（ii）Constructive total loss推定全损/假定全损指货物发生保险事故以后，实际全损已不可避免，或为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用与继续将货物运抵目的地的费用之和超过保险价值。
例：有一批出口服装，在海上运输途中，因船体触礁导致服装严重受浸，若将这批服装漂洗后运至原定目的港所花费的费用已超过服装的保险价值，这种损失属于推定全损。
（2）Partial loss部分损失/分损指被保险货物的损失没有达到全部损失的程度，其包括共同海损和单独海损两种。
(ⅰ）A particular average loss（P.A）单独海损指除共同海损以外的部分损失。
即由承保责任范围内的风险所直接导致的船舶或货物的部分损失，该损失仅由各受损者单独负担。
（ⅱ）General Average（G.A）/共同海损①Definition指载货船舶在海上遇到保险事故，威胁到船方、货方运费的共同安全，为解除威胁，使航程得以继续完成，由船方有意识地、合理地采取措施，所作出的某些特殊牺牲或支出某些额外费用，这些损失和费用叫共同海损。
共同海损包括两个组成部分：一是共同海损造成的船、货本身的损失，称作共同海损牺牲(G.A sacrifice)；二是共同海损措施引起的费用措施，称作共同海损费用(G.Aexpenditure)。
②For there to be a general average act ,certain criteria must be met.The act must be：(a) Extraordinary必须是非常性质的丧失(b) Voluntarily and reasonably made必须是自动地、有意识地采取的合理措施(c) In time of peril必须确实遭遇危难(d) Be successful 必须获得成功2 . Sue and labor expenses and salvage charges(1) Sue and labor expenses施救费用当保险标的遭遇保险责任范围内的事故时，被保险人或其代理人、雇佣人员、受让人等为防止损失扩大而采取抢救措施所支出的费用。
(2) Salvage Charges救助费用指保险标的遭受承保范围内的事故时，由保险人和被保险人以外的第三者采取救助措施，获救成功。
依据国际上有关法律，被救方应向救助的第三者支付的报酬。
保险人对救助采取“No cure, no pay”(无效果，无报酬)原则。
3 . Extraneous losses外来损失Extraneous losses refer to losses outside ocean average and charges, including losses caused by general extraneous risks and special extraneous risks.§2 Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of CIC平安险基本险水渍险一切险CIC海运险结构一般附加险附加险特殊附加险§2 Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of CICⅠ. Basic marine insurance coverage1 . FPA(free from particular average)平安险其英文原意是：单独海损不负责赔偿，但实际是单纯由自然灾害造成的部分损失不负责赔偿，出现了名不符实。
故“1982年新协会货物条款”（ICC）对名称进行了修改，用英文字母C代替，即ICC（C）险。
其责任范围为：1）意外事故所造成的一切损失，包括全损和分损。
2）自然灾害所造成的全损。
3）在意外事故之前或之后所发生的自然灾害引起的分损。
4）吊索损害、货物一件或数件落海造成的全损、分损。
5）施求行为防止或减少货损的费用。
6）轮船遭遇自然灾害、意外事故、在避难港停靠所产生的特别费用。
7）共同海损引起的牺牲、分摊、救助费用。
8）运输契约订有“船舶互撞条款”，按条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。
2 。
WPA ＆WA （With Particular Average ）水渍险英文原意：单独海损负责赔偿，其实其责任范围是：平安险+自然灾害造成的分损，同样是名不符实。
“1982年新协会货物条款”将其名称改为ICC（B）险。
3 . All Risks （AR）一切险其责任范围是：水渍险+11种一般附加险一切险的责任范围是三种基本险中最广泛的一种，因而适宜于价值较多，可遭受损失因素较多的货物投保。
外贸公司一般都投保一切险。
“1982年新协会货物条款”将其名称改为ICC（A）险。
Ⅱ.W/W clause仓至仓条款货运基本险的保险期间。
仓至仓条款（W/W）：保险公司承担的保险责任，从被保险货物运离保单载明的起运港（地）发货人仓库开始，一直到货物到达保单载明的目的港（地）收货人仓库为止，一旦进入收货人仓库，保险责任即告终止。
但是，当货物从目的港卸离海轮时起算满60天，不论保险货物有无进入收货人仓库，保险责任均告终止。
最长期限为：货物在目的港卸离海轮后60天；上海----------------新加坡4月1日抵达4月3日卸货完毕如：4月7日运抵收货人仓库，保险责任终止；如：继续存放在码头，保险责任最迟在6月2日结束。
其实并非真正的仓对仓，而应根据具体贸易术语风险的划分，可保利益来判定，一般为港至仓。
保险利益（insurable interest），又称保险权益或可保利益、可保权益，指投保人对保险标的具有的法律上承认的利益。
保险利益原则：投保人对保险标的应当具有保险利益。
投保人对保险标的不具有保险利益的，保险合同无效。
在海上保险中，不要求被保险人在投保时具有保险利益，而仅要求在保险标的发生损失时必须具有保险利益。
Ⅲ. Additional risks附加险别1. General additional risks一般附加险（1）Risk of theft, pilferage and non-delivery(TPND).偷窃提货不着险2）Risk of fresh water and/or rain damage淡水雨淋险(3) Risk of clash and breakage破损、破碎险（4）Risk of leakage渗漏险（5）Risk of shortage短量险（6）Risk of intermixture and contamination混杂、沾污险（7）Risk of taint of odour 串味险（8）Risk of sweating and heating受热受潮险（9）Risk of rust锈损险（10）Risk of breakage of packing包装破裂险(11) Hook damage钩损险2. Special additional risks特殊附加险（1）War risk战争险战争险的保险责任起讫：仅限于水面危险案例分析：某公司出口某货物，投保一切险加战争险，该船抵达目的港开始卸货时，当地发生武装冲突，部分船上货物及部分已卸到岸上的货物被毁。
问：保险公司如何赔偿？(2) Strike risk罢工险Riots and Civil Commotions: SRCC 罢工暴动民变险罢工险是保险人承保罢工者、被迫停工工人、参加工潮、暴动和民众、战争的人员采取行动所造成的承保货物的直接损失，对间接损失不负责，如由于劳动力短缺或无法使用劳动力,致使堆放码头的货物遭到雨淋日晒而受损、冷冻机因无燃料而中断造成的被保险货物的损失不负责赔偿。
注：罢工险的保险责任期间是“仓至仓”；已投保战争险又加保罢工险时，一般不另行收费。