中考英语复习：一般现在时和现在进行时经典练习题
二、将下列句子转换为现在进行时 1. He talks to a friend.
2. They don’t play computer games.
3. Do they swim ?
4. Does she write a letter ?
3
5. What do they look at ?
三、句型转换
一般现在时和现在进行时经典练习题汇总
一般现在时练习题 一．动词时态填空： 1. We often______(play) in the playground. 2. He _____(get) up at six o’clock. 3. _____you often ______(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What (do) ______he usually (do)______ after school? 5. Dan _____(study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 二．按要求改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)
6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句） 三．请改为一般疑问句和否定句 1. Mike has two letters for him.
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一般疑问句： 否定句： 划线提问： 2.They usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问 3. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问: 4. Tom does his homework at home. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问
5. they, the tree, sing, now, under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)
混合练习题 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式和现在分词 go ______ _______enjoy _______ ________teach ______ ________ eat______ _______ draw ________ _______walk ________ _______ take______ _______dance_______ _______write ________ ________ run______ _______swim________ ________get ________ ________ 二.、选择题 1. Who _____ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing 2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. A. have B. having C.. are having 3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B.. is crying C. cries
D. worked
4.---Oh, he ______ dumplings in the kitchen.
A. makes
B. will make
C. is making
D. made
5. ---______ you ______ a book? A. Do; read B. Are; read
---Yes, I am. C. Are; reading D. Are; looking
四、造句 1. she, the window ,open ,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)
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2. is, who, the window, cleaning?(连词成句)
3. She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)
4. You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句子)
1. He is eating dinner. (对划线部分提问)
is he
?
2. They are reading in the library . (对划线部分提问)
they
?
3. I want to go to the movies at 7 o’clock.. (对划线部分提问)
_________________ want to go to the movies ?
2. I have many books. （改为否定句）
3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis. （改为否定句）
4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）
5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）
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4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear 5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping 6.. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is clean 7. We _____ music and often _____ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening 8. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting 三、填空： 1. My father always __________(come) back from work very late. 2. Listen! Joan __________(sing) in the classroom.
2
A. have
B. having
having
3. ---Is your father a doctor?
---Yes, he is. He _______ in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. is working
C. works
现在进行时练习题
一、单项选择
1. Listen! They _____ in the next room.
A. sing
B. is singing
C. are singing
D. were singing
2. It’s eight o’clock. The students ______ an English class.
中考英语 一般现在时、进行时、 过去式 混合训练(无答案)
一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时1.He often （help） my mother with housework.2. Tom （ give） his books to us.3.Are you __________ (make) a cake? Yes, we ________. (be)1. My father always __________(come) back from work very late.2. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day.3.She (play) computer games on Sundays.4.He (study) English every morning.5.Mary (go) to school on weekdays.6.My mother (have) breakfast at 6:45.7.Where __________ you __________ (have) lunch every day?8.The little boy__________(eat) a big apple now.9.Who_______(sing)a song? ----Li Ying is.10.Han Meimei ___________(like) watching TV. She __________( watch) TV every evening. But now she ___________( not watch) TV. She ___________( get) ready for her final exam.11.Please be quiet! We __________( listen ) to the song You and Me.12.Listen! Someone ____________(come).13.He_______ (be) here half an hour ago.You (play) the computer game? Yes, I am.14.I_____ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.15.We often_____ (play) games last term.16.My father always __________(come) back from work very late.17.She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.18.She often __________ (wat ch) TV with her dog.st year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.20.I am _________ (ride) a bike now. Look, Nancy _______ (ride) a bike with me.21.What _____they often _____(do) on Saturdays?22._______the students_______(read) English?Yes, they are.23. He often ________(have) dinner at home.24.There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)25. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.25.It’s six o’clock. We _________(have) dinner at home.It’s time __________ (play) football.26.She is watching a ballet. (变否定句)_________________________________________27. Daniel does morning exercises every day.(改为否定句)__________________________________________________________28. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.29. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?30. My sister does well in math. （变成否定句）________________________________________________________________.31. They had a big dinner yesterday. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)a big dinner yesterday?, .32. Mr Wang went to America by plane. (对划线部分提问)Mr Wang to America?33. She has to look after her sick sister. （变成否定句）________________________________________________________________34. I was at home this morning. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)at home this morning?35. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)____________________________________________________________________36. He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?37. You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句子)38. They are watering the flowers now. (对划线部分提问)__________________________________________________39. She took the wallet away from the table.(对划线部分提问)she the wallet away from?40. Jim is good at reading . （改为否定句）41. Nancy doesn’t do homework carefully （肯定句）____________________________________________________________________42. I watch TV every evening （改为一般疑问句）____________________________________________________________________ 43. They are having an English class. (分别改成否定句和一般疑问句) ________________ _____________ ______________44. His sister likes playing the piano （改为否定句）____________________________________________________________________45. The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(一般疑问句)46.He did some cleaning this morning.(对划线部分提问)he the morning?47. My cats runs very quickly..否定句：________________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：_____________________________________________________________48. Tom usually waters the flowers every day.否定句:______________________________________________一般疑问句: ________________________________________划线提问：________________________________________49. Jack does his homework at home.否定句: _________________________________________________一般疑问句：_____________________________________________50. You can’t use the bathroom right now. R obbie ______ a shower.A. takesB. will takeC. is taking51. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day.A. is cleaningB. cleanC. cleans52. She lived there before he____to China.A. cameB. comesC. comeD. coming53. On S unday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.A. wash/ doB. is washing/ is doingC. washes/ does54. I want _________ homework now.A. doingB. to doC. to do myD. do my55. Terry ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a school.A work； worksB works ；workC wo rk； are workingD is working； work56. When did you ____here?A. got toB. reachedC. arrive inD. reach57. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class.A. haveB. havingC. is havingD. are having58. One of the girls_____ a red schoolbag.A have C there are D hasB there is59. He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.A rose; setB rises; setsC rises, setD rise; sets60. Betty will ring me up when she _______ in Beijing.A. arriveB. arrivesC. arrivedD. will arrive61. What ______ your mother ______ ? — She is watching TV .A. are, doB. are, doingC. is, do ingD. is, do62. Someone ______ at the door. Can you open it?A.knocks B．knocked C．is knocking D．was knocking63.I’m _________ a book in the room.A. watchingB. seeingC. readingD. looking64. I to school every day.A. goB. goesC. goingD. went65. Would you mind turning down the TV? Everybody ________ now!--I’m sorry. I’ll do it right now.A．sleep B．slept C．is sleeping D．are sleeping66. Sometimes she _______ in the day, but now she is ________.A. works; workingB. working; workC. work; workingD. work; work67. It’s 6 o’clock in the morning. He _________.A. get upB. gets upC. is geting upD. is getting up68. That boy isn’t ____the teacher .A. listenB. listensC. listeningD. listening to69. –Does Sally like swimming?--No, she .A do B. does C don’t D. doesn’t70. Where is your English teacher? I’m looking for him everywhere.—He _____ the Internet in the computer room.A.will searchB. has searchedC. searchedD. is searching71._____ he ________ a good rest? No, he didn’t. A Do, had B. Did, haveC. Did, hadD. Was, had72. Mr. Black was late because he _______ his way.A.lostedB. loseC. losesD. lost73. Who _____ English best in your class?A. speakB. speaksC. speakingD. spoke74. I don’t know if Sam _________.—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he _________.A. will come；comesB. comes；will comeC. will come；will comeD. comes；comes75. Who _____ over there now?A. singingB. are singingC. is singingD. sing76. What your father and mother ?A. does, doB. do, doC. are, doD. do, does77. Well, let us ______ volleyball. – That _____ interesting.A. plays, soundB. play, soundsC. to play, soundD. playing, sounds78. Kate _________, and the others _________.A. sing; listenB. is singing; is listeningC. sing; are listeningD. is singing; are listening79. Shall we go out for a walk, Bill?--I’m afraid not. It ________ outside now.A．was raining B．rained C．is raining D．rains79.There are some boys ______ basketball over there.--Let’s go and join them.A．are playing B．playing C．to play D．play80. You can’t use the bathroom right now. Robbie ______ a shower.A. takesB. will takeC. is takingD.took。
一般现在时和现在进行时练习题含答案
一般现在时和现在进行时练习题含答案一、选择题练1.Who is singing over there now?2.It’s eight o’clock。
The students are having an English class.3.___。
The baby is crying in the next room.4.Look。
___.5.___.6.___.7.Who speaks English best in your class?8.Mrs Read cleans the windows every day.9.We like music and often listen to music.10.She gets up at six in the morning.11.On Sunday he sometimes washes his clothes and sometimes goes shopping.12.___。
but Jim has some coffee with it.1.My father always comes back from work very late.2.___ six hours a day.3.Listen。
___.___?5.Where do you have lunch every day?6.___。
___ ___.Present participle forms:1.working。
singing。
playing。
studying2.dancing。
having。
writing。
taking3.running。
sitting。
shopping。
swimmingThird person singular forms:1.works。
reads。
cleans。
writes2.___。
washes。
guesses。
watches3.goes。
does。
(完整版)一般现在时和现在进行时练习题(含答案)
3. Listen! The baby
in the next room.
A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries
4. Look! The twins
new sweaters.
A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing
do
match
catch
4.study
fly
cry
play
5. have
五、根据中文意思完成句子
1、学生们在干什么？有一些在打电话，另一些躺在教室里。
the students
? Some
on the phone,
2、“格林先生在看电视吗？” “不， 他在打扫房间。”
in the classroom.
1. My father always
(come) back from work very late.
2. The teacher is busy. He
(sleep) for six hoursa day.
3. Listen! Joan
(sing) in the classroom. She often
music and often
to music.
A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/are listening
9. She
upatsix in the morning.
A. get B. gets C. getting
10. OnSundays he sometimes
初中英语一般现在时与现在进行时对比练习题50题
初中英语一般现在时与现在进行时对比练习题50题1. I usually ______ my homework after school. But now I ______ a book.A.do/am readingB.do/readC.am doing/readD.am doing/am reading答案解析：A。
第一个空“I usually do my homework after school.”是一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作。
第二个空“But now I am reading a book.”是现在进行时，表示现在正在进行的动作。
B 选项第二个空不是现在进行时；C 选项第一个空不是一般现在时；D 选项两个动作的时态弄反了。
2. She often ______ basketball on weekends. Now she ______ basketball with her friends.A.plays/is playingB.plays/playsC.is playing/playsD.is playing/is playing答案解析：A。
第一个空“She often plays basketball on weekends.”是一般现在时。
第二个空“Now she is playing basketball with her friends.”是现在进行时。
B 选项第二个空不是现在进行时；C 和D 选项第一个空不是一般现在时。
3. My father ______ newspapers every morning. But at the moment he ______ TV.A.reads/is watchingB.reads/watchesC.is reading/readD.is reading/watches答案解析：A。
第一个空“My father reads newspapers every morning.”是一般现在时。
中考英语九大时态练习题
中考英语九大时态练习题时态在英语语法中扮演着非常重要的角色，它能够准确表达动作的发生时间以及与其他事件之间的关系。
在中考英语中，时态的正确运用是学生们获得高分的关键之一。
为了帮助同学们更好地理解和掌握九大时态，下面给出一些练习题，供同学们参考和练习。
一、一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)1. Peter ________ (do) his homework every day.2. They ________ (play) basketball on weekends.3. My mother ________ (cook) delicious meals for us.4. Dogs ________ (bark) when they are excited.5. Jack often ________ (watch) movies in his free time.二、一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)1. Last night, I ________ (finish) my homework before bedtime.2. We ________ (visit) the museum yesterday.3. She ________ (play) the piano when I entered the room.4. They ________ (go) to the park after school.5. He ________ (buy) a new car last week.三、一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)1. They ________ (arrive) in Beijing tomorrow morning.2. I promise I ________ (help) you with your English homework later.3. We ________ (have) a picnic at the beach next weekend.4. The plane ________ (take off) at 9 o'clock tonight.5. She ________ (give) a speech at the conference next month.四、现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)1. Look! The baby ________ (crawl) on the floor.2. They ________ (have) a party at their house this weekend.3. Sorry, I can't talk right now. I ________ (do) my homework.4. The students ________ (study) for their exams in the library.5. He ________ (drive) to work at the moment.五、过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense)1. While we ________ (have) dinner, the phone rang.2. What were you doing when I ________ (call) you last night?3. They ________ (play) basketball when it started to rain.4. My mom ________ (cook) dinner when I got home.5. Sarah ________ (read) a book while waiting for the bus.六、现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)1. I ________ (visit) Paris twice in my life.2. She ________ (read) all the books written by that author.3. We ________ (not finish) our homework yet.4. Have you ever ________ (try) Chinese food before?5. He ________ (lose) his keys again.七、过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)1. By the time I got to the party, they ________ (leave) already.2. She realized she ________ (leave) her bag at home when she arrived at school.3. We ________ (not start) the project until last week.4. The movie had already ________ (start) when we arrived at the cinema.5. He ________ (not clean) his room before his parents came back.八、将来进行时 (Future Continuous Tense)1. They ________ (be) studying English at this time tomorrow.2. I ________ (be) working on my project all day on Saturday.3. Sorry, I can't hang out with you tomorrow. I ________ (have) a job interview.4. By the time you arrive, I ________ (be) packing my bags for the trip.5. She ________ (be) sleeping when the party starts.九、过去将来时 (Future Perfect Tense)1. By the end of next month, I ________ (save) enough money for a new phone.2. He promised he ________ (finish) reading the book by tomorrow.3. We ________ (already graduate) from high school next year at this time.4. By the time they arrive, the dinner ________ (already start).5. She ________ (not finish) her project by the time the deadline comes.以上是关于中考英语九大时态的练习题，希望同学们通过不断的练习和掌握，能够在考试中熟练运用时态，取得良好的成绩！加油！。
中考一般现在时-一般过去时-现在进行时复习
例词
一般情况
以s,x,sh,ch,o 等结尾的词 以辅音字母 +y结尾的词
加- s
加-es 变y 为i再
加-es
清辅音后读[s] 浊辅音和元音
后读[z] 读[iz] 或[z]
likes gets finds
goes, teaches, watches
读[z]
study→
studies
1.He often ___h_e_l(phselp) me.
Be 动词的一般现在时： 肯定句：is/am/are
否定句：is/am/are not
一般疑问句：把be 动词提到句 首，小写改为大写，一二人称互 变，some 变any,其他的词不变， 句号变为问号。
Practice:
1.Where ___a_r_e_ (be) my keys?
2.I __a_m___ (be) Jim. My sister ______ (ibse) Gina.
• ______you have a volleyball?
• 7.TDhoe boy doesn’t have a TV.（肯定句）
• The boy ______ a TV.
has
用所给动词的正确形式及助动词填空
1. We often ____p_la(yplay) in the playground.
They can play football.
否定 句
I am not play basketball. You can not (can’t) play chess. He can not play the piano. They can not play football.
一般 疑问 句
一般现在时和现在进行时练习题及答案
一般现在时和现在进行时练习题及答案一般现在时和现在进行时是英语中两种最基本的时态。
学习这两种时态，是学习英语的初步，也是提高语言水平的关键。
为了让大家更好地掌握一般现在时和现在进行时，下面为大家提供一些练习题及答案。
练习一1. My sister (study) English at university.2. We (eat) dinner at six o'clock.3. He (like) to watch TV in the evening.4. They (play) basketball every Saturday.5. I (play) the piano in the living room now.6. She (walk) her dog every morning.7. We (talk) about our work at lunch.8. The children (run) in the park at the moment.答案：1. studies2. eat3. likes4. play5. am playing6. walks7. talk8. are running练习二1. He usually (get up) early in the morning.2. I (read) a book in the library now.3. The sun (rise) in the east every day.4. They (swim) in the pool every weekend.5. She (teach) English at a high school.6. We (watch) a movie every Friday.7. My mother (cook) dinner in the kitchen at this moment.8. Tom always (go) jogging in the park in the morning.答案：1. gets up2. am reading3. rises4. swim5. teaches6. watch7. is cooking8. goes练习三用适当的现在进行时填空：1. She _______(cook) dinner for her family at the moment.2. The baby _______(sleep) in the crib right now.3. The kids _______(play) soccer in the park.4. He _______(read) a book in his room.5. I _______(listen) to music in my headphones while I work.6. They _______(watch) a movie on Netflix.7. She _______(study) for her final exams this week.答案：1. is cooking2. is sleeping3. are playing4. is reading5. am listening6. are watching7. is studying练习四用适当的一般现在时或现在进行时填空：1. He _______ (play) tennis every Saturday afternoon.2. She _______ (not enjoy) basketball, but she loves swimming.3. They usually _______ (go) to church on Sundays.4. I _______ (clean) the house every week.5. My dad _______ (work) in a bank.6. The baby _______ (cry) because she's hungry.7. We _______ (live) in an apartment downtown.答案：1. plays2. doesn't enjoy3. go4. clean5. works6. is crying7. live练习五将下列句子改为现在进行时：1. She plays the guitar every day.2. He always runs in the morning.3. They watch TV every Friday.4. Sarah studies Japanese at university.5. John usually drinks coffee in the morning.6. I write in my journal every night before bed.7. The restaurant serves Japanese and Chinese cuisine.答案：1. She is playing the guitar now.2. He is running in the morning.3. They are watching TV now.4. Sarah is studying Japanese at university.5. John is usually drinking coffee in the morning.6. I am writing in my journal before bed.7. The restaurant is serving Japanese and Chinese cuisine.。
中考常考五大时态时态 练习题
一．一般过去时1.谓语构成：was/were/动词的过去式动词的过去式不规则变化：did, went, came, knew, ran, took, bought, got etc.2. 标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, two days ago, 变just now, the other day, in 1990 etc.3. 用法：过去某个时间发生的动作或状态My father worked in Shanghai last year4.一般疑问句：有be则提前be，有实义动词则开头用助动词Did，动词现原形5.变否定句：有be则be后直接加not，有实义动词则在主语后加didn’t，谓语动词现原形。
Eg：1)She was in America last month.Was she in America last month?She wasn’t in America last month.2)They grew a rose just now.Did they grow a rose just now?They didn’t grow a rose just now.1. put ________2. drink _______3. cry _______4. pull ________5. ride ________6.begin ________7. sit ________8. run _________9. take _________ 10.sweep _______11. stop _______ 12. solve _______13. rob ________14. wait _________15. lie _________ 16. turn _______17. explore _______18. drop _______19. clean ______20. produce _____ 21.get __________ugh________23.pay________24.die_________25.prefer ______ 二．一般现在时1. 谓语构成：am/is/are/动词原形或第三人称单数2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, at times, hardly ever, every day, once a week3. 用法：1）表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作I get up at 6 o’clock every morning.2) 表示客观真理、事实、格言The earth moves around the sun.3)表示主语具备的能力、特征、状态She has bright and beautiful eyes.4)表示按规定要发生的动作The train leaves at nine in the morning.5)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来If it rains, I won’t go swimming.6.变一般疑问句：有be则提前be，有实义动词则开头用助动词Do/Does，动词现原形7.变否定句：有be则be后直接加not，有实义动词则在主语后加don’t/doesn’t，谓语动词现原形。
初中英语一般现在时与现在进行时对比练习题50题
初中英语一般现在时与现在进行时对比练习题50题1. Look! The boy ______ (play) football on the playground.A. playsB. is playingC. playD. played答案：B。
解析：根据句中的“Look!”这个标志词，可以判断句子描述的是正在进行的动作，要用现在进行时。
现在进行时的结构是be 动词（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词形式。
选项A“plays”是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，用于表示经常或习惯性的动作，不符合此句语境。
选项C“play”是一般现在时的原形，在此句中主语“the boy”是第三人称单数，不能直接用原形，而且也不符合句子所表达的正在进行的动作。
选项D“played”是一般过去时，用于表示过去发生的动作，与句子所表达的现在正在进行的动作不相符。
2. My mother often ______ (cook) delicious food for us.A. is cookingB. cooksC. cookD. cooked答案：B。
解析：句中的“often”表示经常，是一般现在时的标志词。
一般现在时中，主语“my mother”是第三人称单数，动词要用第三人称单数形式。
选项A“is cooking”是现在进行时，用于表示正在进行的动作，与“often”所表达的经常的动作不符。
选项C“cook”是一般现在时的原形，主语是第三人称单数时不能用原形。
选项D“cooked”是一般过去时，用于表示过去发生的动作，不符合句子表达的经常发生的动作。
3. Listen! The birds ______ (sing) in the trees.A. singB. are singingC. singsD. sang答案：B。
解析：“Listen!”表明正在听，句子描述的是正在发生的动作，要用现在进行时。
现在进行时结构为be动词 am/is/are）+动词现在分词。
中考英语现在进行时练习题30题含答案解析
中考英语现在进行时练习题30题含答案解析1.Look! Mary ______ a book.A.is readingB.readsC.readD.to read答案解析：A。
Look 表示正在看的动作，暗示现在正在进行的情况，所以要用现在进行时be doing 的形式，be 动词用is，read 的现在分词是reading。
B 选项reads 是一般现在时；C 选项read 形式不对；D 选项to read 是动词不定式，不能表示正在进行。
2.Listen! Tom ______ music.A.is listening toB.listens toC.listenD.to listen答案解析：A。
Listen 同样暗示现在正在进行，要用现在进行时，be 动词用is，listen to 是固定搭配，listen 的现在分词是listening。
B 选项是一般现在时；C 选项形式错误；D 选项to listen 不能表示正在进行。
3.The boys ______ football in the playground.A.are playingB.playC.playsD.to play答案解析：A。
句子描述的是现在正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，be 动词用are，play 的现在分词是playing。
B 选项是一般现在时；C 选项plays 也是一般现在时且主语是复数不应该用单三形式；D 选项to play 是动词不定式不能表示正在进行。
4.Miss Li ______ an English lesson.A.is havingB.haveC.hasD.to have答案解析：A。
根据语境可知是现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，be 动词用is，have 的现在分词是having。
B 选项和C 选项都是一般现在时；D 选项to have 不能表示正在进行。
5.My parents ______ dinner in the kitchen.A.are cookingB.cookC.cooksD.to cook答案解析：A。