主谓一致的三个原则
淡谈主谓一致的三个原则

淡谈主谓一致的三个原则仙桃市实验高中付荣主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
一般来说主谓一致遵循三个原则,即:语法一致,意义一致和就近原则。
一、语法一致:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致1、and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种说法:①如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and I are both students of this school.②如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork is on the table. 刀刃在桌上。
2、如果主语是单个不定式,单个动词-ing或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
①What he is doing seems very important.②Collecting stamps is his hobby.3、定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中做主语时,要与先行词人称和数保持一致。
①Those who enjoy singing may join us.②I who am your friend, should help you.③She’s one of the students who were born in Xian tao.④She’s the only one of the students who was born in Beijing.4、主语+介词(短语)with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like(像) without, except, but, including, rather than谓语以介词(短语)前的主语一致,不受介词后名词的影响。
谈谈“主谓一致”的三个原则

解析:句(1)中的 and 连接 teacher 和 friends 两个
不同主语,谓语动词选用复数形式 are。句(2)中 and
连接的 poet 与 writer 是指同一个人,则谓语动词使用
单数形式,故选用 has。有类似用法的词还有 both...
and ...。
2. Every boy and every girl hopes to take part in the
but to exercise outside in winter needs great willpower.
解析:句(1)中的不定式短语 To learn composition
作 主 语 ,谓 语 动 词 使 用 单 数 形 式 is。 句(2)中 从 句
That he has won won the first place 作主语,谓语动词选
1.非谓语动词如果在形容词的后面作状语时,应
用其 to do(不定式)形式。
解析:imagine 是动词,其后接动名词,再分析句子
walking。
3.非谓语动词如果跟在某些动词之后时,应用其
to do(不定式)形式,这类动词有 agree,attempt,refuse,
resolve,hesitate,
sports meeting next Saturday.
解析:句子中的主语是“every+单数名词+and+ ev⁃
ery + 单 数 名 词 ”时 ,谓 语 动 词 使 用 单 数 形 式 ,即 用
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主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致、就近一致、意义一致一.就近一致原则:由or ,nor,either, either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。
Eg:Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. .二.谓语动词和主语保持一致:as much as/no more than/would rather/ rather than /as well as /with/along with /together with/ except /including /but /like/among/besides/ +名词置于主语后,谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Eg:The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom三.谓语动词为单数的情况:1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念。
Eg: 1. The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家2. the worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家3. Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.every… and (every)…,each …and (each… ,no …and (no)… ,many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。
Eg:Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Eg:Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.。
英语语法---主谓一致

主谓一致所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致,就近一致,意义一致。
1.两个名词由and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
Both Jack and Tim are diving.但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.✧特别注意:用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.威士忌酒加苏打水是他是喜爱的饮品。
2.集合名词如public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group等作主语时, 如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。
His family is a large one. ( 强调整体)The family are all music lovers. (指家庭成员) 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.3.Everybody everything everyone somebody something someone anything anybody nobody nothing✧当这些词做主语时,谓语动词用单数,如Someone is asking for you.Nothing is found in the room.4.书名、时间、距离、价格、重量等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
高考英语语法:主谓一致

高考英语语法:主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则:语法一致(或叫形式一致),意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则:一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致,即单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况:1由and 连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式:(1)并列主语指同一人(物)、同一概念(这是第二个名词前无冠词)时;The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如:Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致三条原则之间的关系

主谓一致三条原则之间的关系主谓一致是语法中一个重要的原则,它指的是主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
在英语中,主谓一致的三条原则是:人称一致、数一致和时态一致。
这三条原则之间有着密切的联系和相互影响。
人称一致是主谓一致的基本原则之一。
人称一致要求主语和谓语在人称上保持一致。
例如,在第一人称单数主语“我”和谓语“am”之间,就存在着人称一致关系。
同样地,第三人称单数主语“他”和谓语“is”之间也需要保持人称一致。
人称一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了不同人称的主语与谓语之间的关系。
数一致也是主谓一致的重要原则之一。
数一致要求主语和谓语在数上保持一致。
例如,在单数主语“猫”和谓语“跑”之间,就存在着数一致关系。
同样地,在复数主语“狗们”和谓语“跳”之间也需要保持数一致。
数一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了主语与谓语之间的数量关系。
时态一致也是主谓一致的关键原则之一。
时态一致要求主语和谓语在时态上保持一致。
例如,在现在时态中,主语“我”和谓语“喜欢”之间需要保持时态一致。
同样地,在过去时态中,主语“他们”和谓语“吃”之间也需要保持时态一致。
时态一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了主语与谓语之间的时间关系。
这三条主谓一致的原则相互依存,共同构成了一个完整的语法体系。
人称一致、数一致和时态一致三者之间相互影响,共同决定了主语与谓语之间的关系。
如果在一个句子中,其中一条原则没有得到满足,就会导致句子不通顺或者含义模糊。
因此,在写作中,我们要特别注意主谓一致的三条原则,以确保句子的准确性和流畅性。
主谓一致的三条原则,即人称一致、数一致和时态一致,是语法中非常重要的原则。
它们之间相互依存、相互影响,共同构成了主谓一致的规则体系。
遵循这些原则可以使我们的句子更加准确、通顺和易于理解。
因此,在写作和表达中,我们应该时刻注意主谓一致的三条原则,以避免语法错误和歧义的产生。
主谓一致三个原则

主谓一致三个原则主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称、数和时态等方面的配合一致。
主谓一致是语法中的重要原则之一,它可以使句子结构更加完整,准确传达思想。
主谓一致在句子构造中起到桥梁的作用,让读者或听者更加准确地理解句子的含义。
本文将介绍主谓一致的三个原则。
首先,主语与谓语在人称上要一致。
这是主谓一致的基本原则之一、人称主要包括第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
当主语是第一人称(如“I”)时,谓语也应该是第一人称(如“am”)。
当主语是第二人称(如“You”)时,谓语也应该是第二人称(如“are”)。
同样,当主语是第三人称(如“He”、“She”、“It”)时,谓语也应该是第三人称(如“is”、“does”)。
其次,主语与谓语在数上要一致。
这是主谓一致的第二个原则。
数主要指单数和复数。
当主语是单数形式(如“car”)时,谓语应该是单数形式(如“is”)。
当主语是复数形式(如“cars”)时,谓语应该是复数形式(如“are”)。
主语与谓语在数上的一致能够使句子更加清晰,避免语法错误。
最后,主语与谓语在时态上要一致。
这是主谓一致的第三个原则。
时态主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
当主语处于一般现在时态(如“I drink”)时,谓语也处于一般现在时态(如“coffee”)。
当主语处于一般过去时态(如“John played”)时,谓语也处于一般过去时态(如“basketball”)。
主语与谓语在时态上的一致能够使句子更加流畅,使读者或听者能够更好地理解句子的意思。
总之,主谓一致是语法中的重要原则之一,它主要包括主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上的一致。
通过遵循主谓一致的原则,可以使句子结构更加完整,逻辑性更强,准确地传递思想。
只有通过正确运用主谓一致原则,才能使句子更加准确地表达意思,避免语法错误。
理解和掌握主谓一致的三个原则,对于提高写作能力和语法水平具有重要意义。
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主谓一致的三个原则1. 语法一致原则Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
The living-room walls are a light yellow. 客厅的墙是淡黄色。
Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。
The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地点靠近公路。
2. 意义一致原则This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。
Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 论文有一百五十页长。
Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。
意义一致的三个典型用法1. 形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数名词,如the police, people, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如:Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
注:people 作“民族”解时,其单数形式为people,复数形式为peoples,作主语时,应用语法一致原则。
如:The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。
2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时,谓语动词通常用复数,这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。
另外,像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称,作主语时,谓语动词也用复数。
如:The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。
The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。
A.The + 形容词指人做主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。
如:(1) The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去,穷人常被富人瞧不起。
(2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。
B.The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。
3. 形式上为复数,而意义上却是单数的名词,如news, mathematics, physics,politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。
His “Selected Poems”was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。
3. 就近原则Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。
Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
1. 连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。
如:Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。
Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。
Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘?2. 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时,be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。
如:There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果,两个梨子和一些桔子。
There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子,一些桔子和一个苹果。
英语主谓一致详解1. 代词做主语C.主语是:who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder时,谓语动词的形式须依具体情况而定。
如:(1) Who’s the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁?(2) Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人?(3) What’s this? 这是什么?(4) What are those? 哪些是什么?(5) Which is yours? 哪一个是你的?(6) Which are children’s? 哪一些是孩子们的?不定代词作主语的主语一致归纳1. 单数型:someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语,谓语用单数;either, neither, each, little, much 等不定代词作主语时,谓语也用单数。
如:Nothing is yet certain. 一切都还没有肯定。
Neither was satisfactory. 两者都不使人满意。
No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期时没人到学校去。
2. both, few, several, many作主语:此时谓语要用复数。
如:Few of them are any good. 它们没有几个有用。
Many have given their lives in the cause of truth. 为了真理许多人献出了生命。
3. all 作主语:若指人,谓语用复数;若指事物或现象,谓语通常用单数。
如:All are equal before the law. 法律面前,人人平等。
All is well that ends well. 结局好一切都好。
注:若all 后修饰有其他名词或接有“of+名词”,则其谓语与其中名词的数保持一致。
All (of) the money is mine. 所有这些钱都是我的。
All (of) his friends are poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。
4. none (of) 作主语:若指不可数名词,谓语用单数;若指复数可数名词,谓语可用单数(较正式)或复数(非正式)。
如:None of the rooms are ready. 房间一个也没准备好。
None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。
None of the telephones is [are] working. 没有一部电话中是好的。
注:neither, none做主语时,口语中或非正式文字中,谓语动词通常用复数,正式的书面语中用单数。
如:Are/Is neither of the teams playing this week? 这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进行比赛?None of them has/have been to the Great Wall. 他们中没有一个人去过长城。
不过,none作主语,其表语是单数,谓语用单数;表语是复数,谓语则用复数。
5. the rest 作主语:指不可数名词时谓语用单数,指可数名词时谓语用复数。
如:The rest of the money is yours. 剩余的钱归你。
The rest are arriving later. 其他人稍候就到。
2. 名词做主语A. 一般说来,不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
如:(1) Water is necessary for living things. 水对于生物来说是必须的。
(2) The desk over there is Li Lei’s. 那边的那张课桌是李蕾的。
(3) The dog is a useful animal. 狗是一种有用的动物。
B. 表示总称意义的名词people (人们,人民), cattle, police,youth做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
如:(1) English people are fond of talking about weather. 英国人喜欢谈论天气。
(2) Cattle are farmers’friends. 牛是农民的朋友。
C. 主语是:public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等名词时,如果是作为整体的,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;如果作为其中一个个的成员,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
如:如:(1) Our class is made up of fifty students. 我们班有五十个学生组成。
(2) Our class are working very hard. 我们班学习都很努力。
(3) His team is very strong. 他们队很强大。
(4) His team are talking with the coach. 他们队在跟教练谈话。