主谓一致和就近就远原则
英语主谓一致中 就近原则和就远原则
一、就近原则
1、在here, there等引导的倒装句中, 当主语不止一个，此时谓语动词与最靠近它的主语在数上一致喔。
例：
Here comes the bus. 巴士过来了。
There is a pencil and several photos on the desk. 桌上有一支铅笔和几张图片。
2、连词or, either... or..., neither…nor..., not only…but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词只与靠近它的主语在数上一致哈。
例：
Either you or he knows something about the task. 要么你，要么他知道此任务的相关情况。
Neither I nor he plays cards.我和他都没打牌.
二、就远原则
当主语后面接上as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,together with等引导的词组时，这些词组其实根本不影响最前面主语本身的单复数形式。
例：
She,as well as the other students in the classroom, is jumping with joy.她和教室里其他学生一样开心地跳起来。
Michael Jordan,together with his teammates,has set a record in NBA. 迈克尔乔丹和他的队友们，已经一起创造了NBA的一个记录.。
高考英语主谓一致
主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致.谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化.高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式，同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查。
一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
（一）语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Jolin has made great success with so many years going on。
Jolin是单数形式，谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人，表示复数，谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。
（二）意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。
有时候主语在形式上是单数形式，但是其意义是负数，谓语动词根据意义而定，采用复数形式。
The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。
The old are very well taken care of in our city。
the old 指所有老年人，指一类人，是复数。
（三）就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole。
1You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分，因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。
二、主谓一致的详细讲解（一）代词作主语1．不定代词either，neither, each, one，the other，another以及复合不定代词someone，somebody等作主语，谓语动词用单数。
(完整)初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习.doc
英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“ 近原”“就近一致原” (Proximity），即：与靠近的名、代（有不一定是主）在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中：1. 由下列接的并列主："there be ＋句型 ; or ; either；⋯norr; neither⋯nor；whether ⋯ or；not ⋯ but; not only⋯but also"等;。
e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行或言都与我无关。
②N either you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没。
③N ot you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父受。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不你了，他也了。
2. 在倒装句中：可与后面第一个主一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在，能听鼓掌声和人的呼喊声。
②T here is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支笔和几本。
II.非正式文体中：有依“就近一致原”，但也可依“意一致原”或格地依“ 法一致原”。
e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意一致)我和他当都不在那儿。
（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原”而与其他两原相矛盾，常常是不太合符范的。
e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .他自己的支持者同意他的意。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致——就近原则-主谓就近一致
主谓一致 就近原则.代表词汇：Neither ....... n orWhether ...... o r ........Not only ...... but also .........bxcep ；besides but ； including;例如：IHe rather than I is right. Nobody but two StUdentS is in the CIaSSrodm.主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including 等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1. There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3. either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4. not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称邻近原则”就近一致原则”(Proximity),即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致和就近就远原则
主谓一致和就近就远原则主谓一致和就近原则是语法中的重要概念，用于确定主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系。
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致；就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
首先，主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
在英语中，一般来说，第三人称单数主语需要用动词的第三人称单数形式，而其他人称和数则使用动词的一般形式。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s或es，如he goes，she thinks。
而当主语是第一人称单数或复数，第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词则保持一般形式，如I go，we think，you study。
其次，就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
在一个句子中，如果存在多个主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据最近的主语决定。
例如，句子“Tom and his friends are going to the party”中，谓语动词are是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。
而在句子“His friends and Tom is going to the party”中，谓语动词is则是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。
主谓一致和就近原则在句子中起到了重要作用，确保了语法的正确性和语言的连贯性。
下面将分别对主谓一致和就近原则进行具体说明。
主谓一致的几个注意事项：1.主谓一致在人称上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在人称上保持一致。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；当主语是第一人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式；当主语是第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式。
例如：- She goes to school every day.（第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式）- They go to school every day.（第三人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- I go to school every day.（第一人称单数，谓语动词用一般形式）- We go to school every day.（第一人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- You go to school every day.（第二人称单数或复数，谓语动词用一般形式）2.主谓一致在数上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在数上保持一致。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致中就近原则和就远原则所用的词语
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主谓一致和就近就远原则
就近一致原则
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。
一、在正式文体中：
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe+句型；
oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...but also”等。
Eg.
(1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。
(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
(3)Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.
不仅你错了，他也错了。
2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and theshouts of the people.
在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。
(2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
非正式文体中：
有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语
1.Therebe句型
Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.
2.Neither...nor...
Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or...
Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...
Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Notonly Ann’s parentsbut alsoshestays athome everySunday.
就远原则
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Rather
than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
主谓一致
一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,no less
than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitinga museum when the earthquake struck.
A.was
B.were
C.had been
D.would be
2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.is offered
B.has offered
C.are offered
D.have offered
3.E-mail,as well as telephone,___an important part in dailycommunication.
A.is playing
B.have played
C.are playing
D.play
4.Nobody but Jane___the secret.
A.know
B.knows
C.have known
D.is known
5.All but one___here just now.
A.is
B.was
C.has been
D.were
二、当either...or..;neither...nor..;not only...but also..等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6.Either you or the headmaster___the prizes to these giftedstudents at the meeting.
A.was handing out
B.are to hand out
C.are handing out
D.is to hand out
7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary____tired of having oneexamination after another.
A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be
三、当“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarship for three years.
A.is
B.are
C.have been
D.has been
9.She is one of the few girls who___in the kindergarten.A.is well paid
B.are well paid
C.is paying well
D.are paying well
四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
10.Everypossiblemeans___topreventthepollution,buttheskyis still not clear.
A.is used
B.are used
C.has been used
D.have been used
五、当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11._____ofthelandinthatdistrcit_____coveredwithtreesand
glass.
A.Two fifth;is
B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is
D.Two fifths;are
六、the number of...(...的数目)短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当a number of...(许多...)短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
12.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absent for different reasons.
A.were;was
B.was;was
C.was;was
D.were;were
七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
13.When and where to build the new factory___yet.
A.is not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not decided
D.have not decided
（学习的目的是增长知识，提高能力，相信一分耕耘一分收获，努力就一定可以获得应有的回报）。