主谓一致、就近原则
主谓一致_就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：例如主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致的三个原则
主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则：一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况：1由and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式：(1)并列主语指同一人（物）、同一概念（这是第二个名词前无冠词）时；The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如：Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致——就近原则-主谓就近一致
主谓一致 就近原则.代表词汇：Neither ....... n orWhether ...... o r ........Not only ...... but also .........bxcep ；besides but ； including;例如：IHe rather than I is right. Nobody but two StUdentS is in the CIaSSrodm.主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including 等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1. There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3. either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4. not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称邻近原则”就近一致原则”(Proximity),即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致和就近就远原则
主谓一致和就近就远原则主谓一致和就近原则是语法中的重要概念，用于确定主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系。
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致；就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
首先，主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
在英语中，一般来说，第三人称单数主语需要用动词的第三人称单数形式，而其他人称和数则使用动词的一般形式。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s或es，如he goes，she thinks。
而当主语是第一人称单数或复数，第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词则保持一般形式，如I go，we think，you study。
其次，就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
在一个句子中，如果存在多个主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据最近的主语决定。
例如，句子“Tom and his friends are going to the party”中，谓语动词are是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。
而在句子“His friends and Tom is going to the party”中，谓语动词is则是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。
主谓一致和就近原则在句子中起到了重要作用，确保了语法的正确性和语言的连贯性。
下面将分别对主谓一致和就近原则进行具体说明。
主谓一致的几个注意事项：1.主谓一致在人称上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在人称上保持一致。
例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；当主语是第一人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式；当主语是第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式。
例如：- She goes to school every day.（第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式）- They go to school every day.（第三人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- I go to school every day.（第一人称单数，谓语动词用一般形式）- We go to school every day.（第一人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- You go to school every day.（第二人称单数或复数，谓语动词用一般形式）2.主谓一致在数上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在数上保持一致。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则在英语语法中，主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
也就是说，如果主语是单数形式，则谓语也必须是单数形式；如果主语是复数形式，则谓语也必须是复数形式。
而在多个主语出现的情况下，就近原则被用来决定谓语的形式。
就近原则意味着谓语的形式与最近的主语一致。
以下是几个关于主谓一致就近原则的有趣例子：1.当最近的主语为单数时，谓语也需要用单数形式：- Mary or her friends (is/are) going to the concert tonight? （Mary 或者她的朋友们（将会）去参加今晚的音乐会？）- The answer is Mary. （答案是Mary。
）2.当最近的主语为复数时，谓语也需要用复数形式：- Either the cats or the dog (is/are) responsible for knocking over the vase. （是猫还是狗（负）责打翻了花瓶？）- The cats are responsible for the mess on the floor. （是猫把地板弄得一团糟。
）3.当最近的主语为单数和复数混合时，谓语通常采用复数形式：- Neither the teacher nor the students (was/were) happy with the test results. （既不是老师也不是学生（对考试结果）感到满意。
）- The students were disappointed with their grades. （学生们对他们的分数感到失望。
）4.当最近的主语为两个同一类的名词时，谓语通常与最近的主语保持一致：- The cat and the dog (is/are) playing in the garden. （猫和狗（在花园里）玩耍。
）- The cat is chasing the dog. （猫正在追逐狗。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
英语语法中几个就近原则
英语语法中几个就近原则在英语语法中有几个就近原则，它们是：1.主谓一致的就近原则（Proximity Agreement in Subject-Verb Agreement）：当主语由两个或更多个单数名词或代词组成，并且连接词为"and"时，谓语动词应与最靠近它的名词或代词在数上一致。
例如：The book and the pen are on the table. （书和笔在桌子上。
）2. 反身代词的就近原则（Proximity Agreement in Reflexive Pronouns）：当反身代词作为主语时，它应该与最靠近它的名词在人称和数上一致。
例如：John and his sister bought themselves new clothes.（约翰和他的姐姐给自己买了新衣服。
）3. 代词的就近指代原则（Proximity Agreement in Pronoun Reference）：当一个名词或该名词的同位语和一个代词一起使用时，代词应该与最靠近它的名词或同位语在人称、数、性别和格上一致。
例如：Peter and his friends played a game. They won. （彼得和他的朋友们玩了一场比赛。
他们赢了。
）4. 介词短语的就近修饰原则（Proximity Agreement in Prepositional Phrase Modifiers）：当一个名词有多个介词短语修饰时，这些介词短语应该紧密地连接到最靠近它的名词上，以避免歧义。
例如：The girl in the red dress with a hat is my sister.（穿着红色连衣裙戴着帽子的女孩是我妹妹。
）5. 修饰语的就近修饰原则（Proximity Agreement in Modifier Placement）：修饰语应尽可能地靠近它所修饰的词，以避免歧义。
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主谓一致/就近原则专题I.适应练习(主谓一致)﹡1. Tom as well as his friends ______ (tell) to go out buying some equipment for camping last week.﹡2. All the meals apart from breakfast ______ (include) in the price.﹡3. Flight AF421 besides some other flights ______ (delay) because of the heavy fog yesterday. ﹡4. All the guests including him ______ (seat) at the big table now.﹡5. The thief, together with his companions ______ (not want) to stay in the crowd for long and ______ (appear) immediately.﹡6. Nobody except your parents always______ (love) you.﹡7. Fresh fruit like peaches and cherries ______ (sell) very well.﹡8. Mr. Hu, different from other teachers _______ (not follow) the school code.笔记：（就近原则）﹡1. There ______ (be) a CD player and two televisions in the room.﹡2. Not only their houses but also his ______ (locate) in the west of Chengdu.﹡3. Either my friends or she ______ (ask) to tell how the accident took place yesterday.﹡4. Neither the writers nor the singer and actor ______ (invite) to the party yesterday.笔记：1. What _______ the staff looking for?A. isB. areC. willD. did2. You should try Larry and Kevin’s restaurant because _____ the best in the city.A. theirs isB. their’s isC. they areD. their’s are﹡3. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. (MENT 96)A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were﹡4. A pair of broken glasses ______ on the desk.A. is layingB. is lyingC. are lyingD. are laying5. There ______ I’d like to answer this evening.A. are one or two lettersB. has one or two lettersC. is one or two lettersD. have one or two letters6. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ about the matter.A. are talkingB. is to talkC. have talkedD. are having talked7. The teacher with his students ________ in the lab ________ some experiments now. (10 年)A. is; doingB. are; doingC. is; doD. are; do﹡8. The problem of the town with ______ trees and ______ floods ______ becoming more and more serious.A. fewer; more; isB. more; fewer; isC. fewer; more; areD. more; fewer; are9. Dancing, different from weightlifting, running and boxing, especially ______ stamina and strength.A. requiresB. needC. discoverD. supports10. Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.A. isB. areC. haveD. has11. The quantity of books in the library ___________amazing.A. isB. areC. wereD. being﹡1. Both of the teenagers are strict about the study. (negative sentence)____________________________________________________.2. Rose can’t speak English. Jenny can’t speak English, either. (neither...nor...)____________________________________________________.II.巩固练习1. Tom as well as his friends ______ (tell) to go out buying some equipment for camping last week.2．The team, including the new player, _______ playing football in the playground at the moment. (enjoy)﹡1. We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ______ weak points.A. have, haveB. has, haveC. has , hasD. have, has2. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. ( MET 90 )A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. The police _______ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______ almost given up all hope.A. is, hasB. are, haveC. are , hasD. is, have4. One of the students who ______ present_____ to speak at the meeting.A. is, isB. are, areC. are, isD. is, are5. ------ ______ the dollars a big sum of money to him?------ I suppose _________.A. Are, toB. Were, toC. Will be, toD. Is , so6. One and a half days ________ what I need.A. wasB. isC. areD. were7. Either Tom or Jane did ________ homework in the classroom .A. theirB. theirsC. hisD. her8. In spring, many plants bloom, which _______ the world even more beautiful.A. madeB. makeC. makesD. have made9. There are two books on the bookshelf. _______ of them ______ worth ________.A. Both, are, being readB. All, are , readingC. Neither, is, being readD. Either, is, reading10. At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. would beD. had been11. Sixty percent of the work_________ .A. have been doneB. had been doneC. has been doneD. has done12. About 85 percent of the students ____ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.A. is, areB. are, areC. are, isD. is, is13. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _______ rather difficult.A. wereB. wasC. will beD. are14. In order to protect our earth, __________________.A. all kinds of pollution should be reducedB. we should reduce all kinds of pollutionC. the environment should be protected firstD. it’s important to protect our environment15. ---What’s your favorite in your spare time, Jack?---Writing stories and articles __________what I enjoy most.A. isB. wasC. wereD. are16. ---Did you go to the show last night?---Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ___________invited.A. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was笔记：III. 提高练习1. In this institution a medal together with a prize of certain sum of money _____ gains success in science and technology every two years.A. are given to anyoneB. is given to whoeverC. are given to whoD. is given to whom2. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet. ( MET 91 )A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. had not decidedD. have not decided3. Why she didn’t come here ______ quite clear.A. are notB. will notC. isn’tD. were not4. It’s not you but Mr. Anderson wh o _______ to answer ______ the incident.A. are, forB. were, toC. is, forD. was, back5. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?A. AreB. IsC. DoD. Does6. The Chinese _____ hard-working.A. beB. beingC. isD. are7. More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.A. areB. isC. wasD. were8. Not only more than one girl but also less than two boys ______ to have control over the class.A. were chosenB. will chooseC. choseD. was chosen9. Many a student ______ in the exam.A. have failedB. had been failedC. has failedD. will be failed10. No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.A. areB. beC. wereD. is11. Great quantities of fish ______ in the river in the past few days.A. is caughtB. are caughtC. has been caughtD. have been caught12. What he says and what he does ___________.A. is not agreeB. are not agreeC. does not agreeD. do not agree﹡13. The exam he paid no attention to _____ him the chance to go to college.A. being costB. costingC. costD. costs﹡14. On the ceiling of our classroom ______ four lights.A. hangB. are hangedC. are hungD. hangs15. The world’s supplies of oil _____ gradually ______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars.A. is; usedB. are being; usedC. has; usedD. have been; using16. He is one of the students who, I am sure, always do _____ best.A. hisB. one’sC. myD. their17. Where to have the meeting and when to have the meeting ____________ yet.（对比2题）A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t been decidedC. hasn’t decidedD. haven’t decided18. Yesterday I got up too late __________ the early bus.A. to missB. that missedC. so missedD. and missed笔记：。