Lyndon Baines Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson
LYNDON BAINES JOHNSONBIOGRAPHICAL INFO▪1908-1973▪36th president of the United States▪Texas native▪Southwest Texas State Teachers CollegeCHRONOLOGY▪1960 – Johnson named VP for Kennedy▪1963 – Kennedy assassinated, Johnson named President▪1963 – Martin Luther King gives “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington ▪1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964▪1965 – Voting Rights Act speech, March 15▪1965 – Voting Rights Act passed▪1965 – Johnson calls for American troops to Vietnam▪1967 – First Super Bowl▪1968 – Johnson announces he will not run for re-election▪1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinatedQUOTES“A complex convergence of presidential public persuasion, internal and external persuasive advice to Lyndon Johnson, increasing violence associated with civil unrest at home, domestic protest over the Vietnam War, and finally, the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. all conspired in time to make a once untenable public policy initiative a codified reality” (Goldzwig, 26).“The Vietnam War took its toll on the p resident’s popularity and political viability. It inevitably spilled over to his domestic agenda” (Ibid, 32).“A succession of summer riots during the president’s tenure was central to growing negative perceptions of his leadership. Simultaneously, the statistics on racial inequality continued to mount” (Ibid).“While the 1964 Civil Rights At may have had more symbolic influence and the 1965 Voting Rights Act may have had more lasting political significance, the 1968 Civil Rights At was vintage Johnson – a measure pressed for two years and then finally manipulated under duress by a relentless president intent on snatching victory from the jaws of defeat. Johnson’s achievement was one he could rightfully share with the nation” (Ibid, 47).“It was Lyndon Johnson’s political persistence in employing a rhetoric of transcendence that had finally challenged Americans to come to terms fully withand act justly in the arena that constituted one of the most sensitive and volatile domestic policy issues of the decade –fair housing” (Ibid)“President Johnson never relented and never looked back – save to savor ahard-won rhetorical and political battle” (Ibid)MARCH 15, 1965 –“We Shall Overcome”Background▪Johnson passes the Civil Rights Act in 1964▪By the end of 1964, the administration was working on legislation that would guarantee African Americans the right to vote▪However, “the president wanted to give the South time to ‘digest’ the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and he feared losing congressional support for the rest of his legislative plans” if he pushed for the voting act too early ▪Johnson showed signs, however, by Dec. 1964, that he was ready to move forward with voting rights legislation, and in his State of the Unionaddress in January, 1965, he stated:o“I propose that we eliminate every remaining obstacle to the right and opportunity to vote” (Pauley 31, from Public Papers of the President,Lyndon B. Johnson 1965 5).▪Throughout February, the administration “moved slowly and carefully on the purposed legislation. They realized that it was an important bill withsignificant ramifications, and, therefore, they did not want to act hastily”(Pauley 33).▪Sunday, March 7, 1965 changed everything when police and other law offices attached civil rights demonstrators in Selma, Alabama --- “BloodySunday”▪The president chose not to respond to the events right away.▪Everyone looked to the president for a rhetorical response▪The circumstances following Selma clearly constituted a “rhetorical situation”, which, in Lloyd Bitzer’s terminology, “invited discourse capableof participating with the situation and thereby altering its reality” (Pauley 35, from Bitzer 6).▪At the same time, the situation required legislation action as well, not just “mere rhetoric” (Pauley 35)▪The problem for Johnson – rhetoric and legislation were bound closely here. In order to speak, his legislation needed to be complete, which iswas not▪Thus, instead of speaking right away, the White House put the finishing touches on the Voting Rights legislation.▪Johnson did not decide to speak until the late evening of March 14, when, in a meeting with the congressional leadership, he decided to speak to ajoin session of Congress the following day. In this meeting, the Speakerof the House John McCo rmack “shifted the discussion towards rhetoricalconcerns, suggesting that the president deliver a voting rights message before a joint session of Congress, stating that a speech ‘would show the world that action is being taken’” (Pauley 37)▪The president stated: “I wanted to use every ounce of moral persuasion the Presidency held. I wanted no hedging, no equivocation. And I wanted to talk from my own heart, from my own experience” (Pauley 38, from The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency by LBJ, 164)▪Most scholars provide an oversimplified view of Johnson’s complicated public discourse and overlook this speech, and instance where everything that typically characterized LBJ was not there.▪“His most moving public address, conveying the natural el oquence that he so often took care to shield” (Pauley 26, from Zarefsky, “Lyndon” 224)▪“The strongest public discourse of Johnson’s presidency” (Pauley 26, from Edwin Black 24)EMOTION▪“Johnson spoke with force and compassion, drawing upon his personal ex perience and his ethos as a Southerner” (Pauley 26)TIMING▪“Timing was a central theme in his rhetoric” (Pauley 27)▪“Depending on one’s perspective, the president’s discursive involvement in the voting rights campaign seemed to be crisis rhetoric at its finest or at its worst” (27).▪“Johnson’s response to the voting rights crisis was unusual. He departed from his usual approach to rhetoric in two important ways.1. The legislation had been under consideration for some time andwas nearly finished when the crisis came.2. President Johnson not only was ready to speak to the immediatetactical issue of voting rights but also already had formulated hisown understanding of voting rights as a moral and historical issue”(27)▪The voting rights address shows that Johns on’s rhetoric was not always myopic.▪Johnson planned carefully his voting rights strategy; he considered both the legislative and rhetorical implications of speaking publicly about the voting rights bill.o Kairos– a timely response to a given situation.▪L BJ’s rhetoric was calculated carefully and coordinated closely with the development of social policy (Pauley 29)LANGUAGE▪The language of Johnson’s speech, not just its moment of delivery, also appealed to the urgencies of the moment (Pauley 38).▪Terms wer e used such as “no delay” and “no hesitation”...o“We ought not and we cannot and we must not wait another eight months before we get a bill. We have already waited a hundred yearsand more, and the time for waiting is gone”o“So I ask you to join me in wor king long hours – nights and weekends, if necessary –to pass this bill”▪His language also gave Selma a broader historical meaning by associating the terms freedom and equality with the terms purpose andpromise.TIMING▪LBJ’s timely response was a compl icated proposition.▪Although President Johnson’s speech was tactically timely, it was too little and too late for the rising militancy within the civil rights movement.Lyndon Johnson’s voting rights message on 15 March 1965 was timely,timeless, and, ironically, out of time – all at the same moment.Typical LBJ“The evaluation suggested by most scholars is that Johnson was a short-sighted, narrowly strategic presidential rhetorician”Quotes...▪Typically focused on the urgencies of the moment▪His rhetoric often was short-sighted.▪Opponents of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had criticized Johnson for attempting to legislate by rhetorical appeals to temporarily arousedemotions, and opponents of the voting rights bill believed that 1965 was a repeat performance”▪Often spoke before he should▪His own discourse created most of his political problems.▪Not only was his rhetoric myopic, but it was also so idealistic as to be unrealistic▪He promised more than he could achieve, and thus aroused expectations and courted disappointment (29)▪He ignored the possibility that rhetorical alone might effect social change David Zarefsky - “Much of Johnson’s rhetoric provided a grand vision to solve social problems, but failed to provide specific recommendations because he had not yet formulated specific policy measures to deal with those problems” (Pauley 28, from “Great Society” 366). “His implicit theory of rhetoric...viewed it as a process of selecting strategies and tactics which would comprise an effective public appeal” (Ibid, 277). Zarefsky suggests that LBJ saw a limited role for rhetoric: he made judgments about the value and ability of his programs without any factual support, and simply used rhetoric to rally public support (Pauley 29).Jeffrey Tulis - LBJ used public rhetoric to garner support for his programs before he developed them fully” (Pauley 28, from The Rhetorical Presidency) Theodore Windt - LBJ’s rhetoric usually ran ahead of his policy planning...as a man of action, Johnson sought to solve problems immediately, without thinking them thr ough clearly. LBJ’s discourse was a sincere expression of a desire to help oppressed people, but came – unfortunately – before he had fully designed his programs or planned a long-term strategy (Pauley 28, from Presidential Rhetoric: 1961 to the Present).George Reedy (Johnson’s former press secretary) – Although the president was a brilliant political tactician, he was a poor strategist. Johnson could not look ahead, nor put political issues into historical perspective (Pauley 29, from Lyndon Johnson, A Memoir 52).Doris Kearns (historian and former White House fellow) – Johnson was more concerned with passing legislation than with deliberating great issues (Pauley 29, from Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream, 217-218).。
电影《阿甘正传》中出现的历史名人
Celebrities Appeared in the Movie1. General Nathan Bedford Forrest (Ku Klux Klan)Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877) was a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He is remembered both as a self-educated, innovative cavalry leader during the war and as a leading southern advocate in the postwar years. He served as the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, an organization which launched a "reign of terror" against blacks and Republicans during Reconstruction in the South.2. Elvis PresleyElvis Aaron (or Aron) Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century. A cultural icon, he is widely known by the single name Elvis. He is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or simply "the King".3. Governor WallaceThe Stand in the Schoolhouse Door took place at Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama on 11 June, 1963. George Wallace, the Governor of Alabama, in a symbolic attempt to keep his inaugural promise of "segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever" and stop the desegregation of schools, stood at the door of the auditorium to try to block the entry of two black students, Vivian Malone Jones and James Hood. The incident brought George Wallace into the national spotlight.4. PresidentsPresident KennedyJohn Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt), the first President born in the 20th century, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43. Kennedy is the first and only Catholic and the first Irish American president, and is the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.President JohnsonLyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He served in all four federal elected offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President.President NixonRichard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of theUnited States from 1969–1974 and was also the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961). Nixon was the only President to resign the office and also the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.President FordGerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he also became the only President of the United States who was elected neither President nor Vice-President.President CarterJames Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia, from 1971 to 1975,[2] and was a peanut farmer and naval officer.President ReaganRonald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). He began a career as an actor, first in films and later television, appearing in 52 movie productions and gaining enough success to become a household name. Reagan left office in 1989. In 1994, the former president disclosed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease earlier in the year; he died ten years later at the age of 93. He has been rated by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents.5. Bob DylanBob Dylan(born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He has been a major figure in popular music for five decades.[2] Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was at first an informal chronicler, and later an apparently reluctant figurehead of social unrest. A number of his songs such as "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They Are a-Changin'" became anthems for the civil rights[3]and anti-war[4]movements. His early lyrics incorporated a variety of political, social and philosophical, as well as literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed hugely to the then burgeoning counterculture. Dylan has both amplified and personalized musical genres, exploring numerous distinct traditions in American song –from folk, blues and country to gospel, rock and roll and rockabilly, to English, Scottish and Irish folk music, embracing even jazz and swing.6. John LennonJohn Winston Ono Lennon,[1][2]MBE (9 October 1940 –8 December 1980) was an English rock musician, singer-songwriter and peace activist who rose to fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles. With Paul McCartney he formed one of the most influential and successful songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.[3] Second only to McCartney, he is among the most successful songwriters in Billboard singles chart history, responsible for 27 number one singles on the US Hot 100 chart as a performer or songwriter。
林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊：Address to a Joint Session of Congress
林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊：Address to a Joint Session of CongressLyndon Baines JohnsonAddress to a Joint Session of Congress on Voting Legislation"We Shall Overe"delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.演讲者简介：林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊(英语：Lyndon Baines Johnson，1908年8月27日-1973年1月22日)，美国第36任总统和第35任副总统，也曾是国会参议员。
他于1908年8月27日生于得克萨斯州基利斯比县的石墙。
约翰逊家族曾参与了约翰逊城的建设。
约翰逊是民主党人，从1937年-1949年，曾担任美国得克萨斯州的代表，1937年-1949年，担任美国参议员，包括六位美国参议院政党领袖，两位参议院少数党领袖和两位参议院多数优势。
竞选失败后，在1960年由民主党提名约翰逊由约翰·肯尼迪要求他是在1960年美国总统选举的竞选伙伴。
在肯尼迪遇刺案之后，约翰逊继续接任约翰·肯尼迪总统的职务，在1964年美国总统选举中轻松地获选总统。
民主党大力支持约翰逊，并担任主席，负责设计包括法律维护民权、公开广播、医疗保障、医疗补助、环境保护、对教育的援助和他的著名的“向贫穷开战”，他为他跋扈的个性和“约翰逊治疗是显著的”的标题，他控制有权势的政客，以推动立法。
同时，他让美国积极介入越南战争，随着战争的拖延，约翰逊总统的声望持续下降。
尽管其外交政策遭受失败，但是因为他的国内政策成绩斐然，约翰逊在一些史学家对历届总统的评价中依然获得高排名。
Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, Members of the Congress:I speak tonight for the dignity of man and the destiny of democracy. I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colors, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause.At times history and fate meet at a single time in a single place to shape a turning point in man's unending search for freedom. So it was at Lexington and Concord. So it was a century ago at Appomattox. So it was last week in Selma, Alabama. There, long-suffering men and women peacefully protested the denial of their rights as Americans. Many were brutally assaulted. One good man, a man of God, was killed.There is no cause for pride in what has happened in Selma. There is no cause for self-satisfaction in the long denial of equal rights of millions of Americans.But there is cause for hope and for faith in our democracy in what is happening here tonight. For the cries of pain and the hymns and protests of oppressed people have summoned into convocation all the majesty of this great government -- the government of the greatest nation on earth. Our mission is at once the oldest and the most basic of this country: to right wrong, to do justice, to serve man.In our time we have e to live with the moments of great crisis. Our lives have been marked with debate about great issues -- issues of war and peace, issues of prosperity and depression. But rarely in any time does an issue lay bare the secret heart of America itself. Rarely are we met with a challenge, not to our growth or abundance, or our welfare or our security, but rather to the values, and the purposes, and the meaning of our beloved nation.The issue of equal rights for American Negroes is such an issue.And should we defeat every enemy, and should we double our wealth and conquer the stars, and still be unequal to this issue, then we will have failed as apeople and as a nation. For with a country as with a person, "What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?"There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. And we are met here tonight as Americans -- not as Democrats or Republicans. We are met here as Americans to solve that problem.This was the first nation in the history of the world to be founded with a purpose. The great phrases of that purpose still sound in every American heart, North and South: "All men are created equal," "government by consent of the governed," "give me liberty or give me death." Well, those are not just clever words, or those are not just empty theories. In their name Americans have fought and died for two centuries, and tonight around the world they stand there as guardians of our liberty, risking their lives.Those words are a promise to every citizen that he shall share in the dignity of man. This dignity cannot be found in a man's possessions; it cannot be found in his power, or in his position. It really rests on hisright to be treated as a man equal in opportunity to all others. It says that he shall share in freedom, he shall choose his leaders, educate his children, provide for his family according to his ability and his merits as a human being. To apply any other test -- to deny a man his hopes because of his color, or race, or his religion, or the place of his birth is not only to do injustice, it is to deny America and to dishonor the dead who gave their lives for American freedom.Our fathers believed that if this noble view of the rights of man was to flourish, it must be rooted in democracy. The most basic right of all was the right to choose your own leaders. The history of this country, in large measure, is the history of the expansion of that right to all of our people. Many of the issues of civil rights are very plex and most difficult. But about this there can and should be no argument.。
最伟大的100篇英文演讲排名 Top100 speeches
Top100 speeches 美国20世纪最伟大演讲100篇1Martin Luther King, Jr."I Have A Dream"2John Fitzgerald Kennedy Inaugural Address3Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address4Franklin Delano Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation5Barbara Charline Jordan1976 DNC Keynote Address6Richard Milhous Nixon"Checkers"7Malcolm X"The Ballot or the Bullet"8Ronald Wilson Reagan Shuttle ''Challenger'' Disaster Address9John Fitzgerald Kennedy Houston Ministerial Association Speech10Lyndon Baines Johnson"We Shall Overcome"11Mario Matthew Cuomo1984 DNC Keynote Address12Jesse Louis Jackson1984 DNC Address13Barbara Charline Jordan Statement on the Articles of Impeachment14(General) Douglas MacArthur Farewell Address to Congress15Martin Luther King, Jr."I've Been to the Mountaintop"16Theodore Roosevelt"The Man with the Muck-rake"17Robert Francis Kennedy Remarks on the Assassination of MLK18Dwight David Eisenhower Farewell Address19Thomas Woodrow Wilson War Message20(General) Douglas MacArthur"Duty, Honor, Country"21Richard Milhous Nixon"The Great Silent Majority"22John Fitzgerald Kennedy"Ich bin ein Berliner"23Clarence Seward Darrow"Mercy for Leopold and Loeb"24Russell H. Conwell"Acres of Diamonds"25Ronald Wilson Reagan"A Time for Choosing"26Huey Pierce Long"Every Man a King"27Anna Howard Shaw"The Fundamental Principle of a Republic"28Franklin Delano Roosevelt"The Arsenal of Democracy"29Ronald Wilson Reagan"The Evil Empire"30Ronald Wilson Reagan First Inaugural Address31Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Fireside Chat32Harry S. Truman"The Truman Doctrine"33William Cuthbert Faulkner Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech34Eugene Victor Debs1918 Statement to the Court35Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton"Women's Rights are Human Rights"mp336Dwight David Eisenhower"Atoms for Peace"37John Fitzgerald Kennedy American University Commencement Address mp3 38Dorothy Ann Willis Richards1988 DNC Keynote Address39Richard Milhous Nixon Resignation Speech mp3 40Thomas Woodrow Wilson"The Fourteen Points"41Margaret Chase Smith"Declaration of Conscience"42Franklin Delano Roosevelt"The Four Freedoms"mp3 43Martin Luther King, Jr."A Time to Break Silence"Off-Site.mp3 44William Jennings Bryan"Against Imperialism"45Barbara Pierce Bush1990 Wellesley College Commencement Address mp3 46John Fitzgerald Kennedy Civil Rights Address mp3 47John Fitzgerald Kennedy Cuban Missile Crisis Address mp3 48Spiro Theodore Agnew"Television News Coverage"mp3 49Jesse Louis Jackson1988 DNC Address50Mary Fisher"A Whisper of AIDS"mp351Lyndon Baines Johnson"The Great Society"52George Catlett Marshall"The Marshall Plan"mp3 53Edward Moore Kennedy"Truth and Tolerance in America"mp3 54Adlai Ewing Stevenson Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address mp3 55Anna Eleanor Roosevelt"The Struggle for Human Rights"56Geraldine Anne Ferraro Vice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech mp3 57Robert Marion La Follette"Free Speech in Wartime"58Ronald Wilson Reagan40th Anniversary of D-Day Address59Mario Matthew Cuomo"Religious Belief and Public Morality"60Edward Moore Kennedy"Chappaquiddick"mp3 61John Llewellyn Lewis"The Rights of Labor"62Barry Morris Goldwater Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address mp3 63Stokely Carmichael"Black Power"Off-Site mp3 64Hubert Horatio Humphrey1948 DNC Address65Emma Goldman Address to the Jury66Carrie Chapman Catt"The Crisis"67Newton Norman Minow"Television and the Public Interest"68Edward Moore Kennedy Eulogy for Robert Francis Kennedy69Anita Faye Hill Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee70Thomas Woodrow Wilson League of Nations Final Address71Henry Louis ("Lou") Gehrig Farewell to Baseball Address72Richard Milhous Nixon Cambodian Incursion Address mp3 73Carrie Chapman Catt Address to the U.S. Congress74Edward Moore Kennedy1980 DNC Address75Lyndon Baines Johnson On Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Election mp376Franklin Delano Roosevelt Commonwealth Club Address77Thomas Woodrow Wilson First Inaugural Address78Mario Savio"Sproul Hall Sit-in Speech/An End to History"mp3 79Elizabeth Glaser1992 DNC Address80Eugene Victor Debs"The Issue"81Margaret Higgins Sanger"Children's Era"82Ursula Kroeber Le Guin"A Left-Handed Commencement Address"83Crystal Eastman"Now We Can Begin"84Huey Pierce Long"Share Our Wealth"85Gerald Rudolph Ford Address on Taking the Oath of Office mp3 86Cesar Estrada Chavez Speech on Ending His 25 Day Fast87Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Statement at the Smith Act Trial88Jimmy Earl Carter"A Crisis of Confidence"mp3 89Malcolm X"Message to the Grassroots"90William Jefferson Clinton Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Address91Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm"For the Equal Rights Amendment"92Ronald Wilson Reagan Brandenburg Gate Address93Eliezer ("Elie") Wiesel"The Perils of Indifference"mp3 94Gerald Rudolph Ford National Address Pardoning Richard M. Nixon mp3-Excerpt 95Thomas Woodrow Wilson"For the League of Nations"96Lyndon Baines Johnson"Let Us Continue"mp3 97Joseph N. Welch"Have You No Sense of Decency"mp3 98Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Adopting the Declaration of Human Rights99Robert Francis Kennedy"Day of Affirmation"100John Forbes Kerry"Vietnam Veterans Against the War"。
美国历届总统到底有多少钱？
约翰·亚当斯（John Adams）(1797-1801)
一千九百万美元
亚当斯总统从其父处继承了一笔不小的遗产，他的妻子阿比盖尔·亚当斯（Abigail Adams）是昆西家族（马萨诸塞州的一个望族）的成员。亚当斯本人在马萨诸塞州的昆西有一座名为“匹兹菲尔德”（Peacefield）的住宅及一座占地约40英亩的农场，同时他还经营着一间业务繁忙的律师事务所。
第十一任
詹姆斯·诺克斯·波尔克（James Knox Polk）(1845-1849)
一千万美元
波尔克总统及其妻子萨拉·奇尔德里斯（Sarah Childress）都出身于富庶之家，其父是种植园主，同时还经营投机生意。在任白宫发言人和田纳西州官员期间，他赚了很多钱。在密西西比州的咖啡维尔（Coffeeville），他拥有920英亩土地和25个农奴。
不足一百万美元
这是第三位在小木屋里出生的总统了，他生于俄亥俄州。他在众议院工作了18年。他在俄亥俄州的蒙特尔（Mentor）拥有一座名为“朗菲尔德”（Lawnfield）的小房产。
第二十一任
切斯特·阿伦·阿瑟（Chester Alan Arthur）(1881-1885)
不足一百万美元
他是一个爱尔兰籍传教士的儿子，其妻出身军旅之家。他的大部分财富是在为兴建纽约港集资时获得的。他的住宅装修良好，配备的家具都是蒂法妮牌（Tiffany）的。
不足一百万美元
布坎南总统是在宾夕法尼亚州的一间小木屋里出生的，其父母一共生育了11个孩子。他是唯一一位终身未娶的总统。他做了九年的律师，然后担任了16年公职，其中有四年时间他担任国务卿一职。
第十六任总统
亚伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln）(1861-1865)
英语词汇库{英语专题分类词汇(美国历届总统 The Presidents of the United States)}
戈洛博翻译-英语词汇库英语专题分类词汇（美国历届总统The Presidents of the United States）1.George Washington (Federal Party) 1789-1797;乔治·华盛顿 (联邦党) 1789-1797；2.John Adams (Federal Party) 1797-1801;约翰·亚当斯 (联邦党) 1797-1801；3.Thomas Jefferson（Democratic Republican Party) 1801-1809;托马斯·杰斐逊 (民主共和党) 1801-1809；4.James Madison（Democratic Republican Party) 1809-1817;詹姆斯·麦迪逊 (民主共和党) 1809-1817；5.James Monroe（Democratic Republican Party) 1817-1825;詹姆斯·门罗 (民主共和党) 1817-1825；6.John Quincy Adams（Democratic Republican Party) 1825-1829;约翰·昆西·亚当斯 (民主共和党) 1825-1829；7.Andrew Jackson（Democratic Party) 1829-1837;安德鲁·杰克逊 (民主党) 1829-1837；8.Martin Van Buren（Democratic Party) 1837-1841;马丁·范布伦 (民主党) 1837-1841；9.William Henry Harrison（Whig Party) 1837-1841;威廉·亨利·哈里森 (辉格党) 1837-1841；10.John Tyler（Whig Party) 1841-1845;约翰·泰勒 (辉格党) 1841-1845；11.James Knox Polk（Democratic Party) 1845-1849;詹姆斯·诺克斯·波尔克 (民主党) 1845-1849；12.Zachary Taylor（Whig Party) 1849-1850;扎卡里·泰勒 (辉格党) 1849-1850；lard Fillmore（Democratic Party) 1850-1853;米勒德·菲尔莫尔（民主党）1850-1853；14.Franklin Pierce（Democratic Party) 1853-1857;富兰克林·皮尔斯（民主党）1853-1857；15.James Buchanan（Democratic Party) 1853-1857;詹姆斯·布坎南 (民主党) 1853-1857；16.Abraham Lincoln（Republican Party) 1861-1865;亚伯拉罕·林肯 (共和党) 1861-1865；17.Andrew Johnson（Republican Party）1865-1869;安德鲁·约翰逊 (共和党) 1865-1869；18.Ulysses Simpson Grant (Republican Party) 1869-1877;尤利塞斯·辛普森·格兰特 (共和党) 1869-1877；19.Rutherford Birchard Hayes（Republican Party）1877-1881;拉塞福德·伯查德·海斯 (共和党) 1877-1881；20.James Abram Garfield（Republican Party）1881-1881;詹姆斯·艾伯拉姆·加菲尔德 (共和党) 1881-1881；21.Chester Alan Arthur（Republican Party）1881-1885;切斯特·阿伦·阿瑟 (共和党) 1881-1885；22.Grover Cleveland （Democratic Party）1885-1889;格罗弗·克利夫兰 (民主党) 1885-1889；23.Benjamin Harrison（Republican Party）1889-1893;本杰明·哈里森 (共和党) 1889-1893；24.Grover Cleveland (Democratic Party) 1893-1897;格罗弗·克利夫兰 (民主党) 1893-1897；25.William Mckinley（Republican Party）1897-1901;威廉·麦金利 (共和党) 1897-1901；26.Theodore Roosevelt（Republican Party）1901-1909;西奥多·罗斯福 (共和党) 1901-1909；27.William Howard Taft（Republican Party）1909-1913;威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱 (共和党) 1909-1913；28.Woodrow Wilson（Democratic Party）1913-1921;伍德罗·威尔逊 (民主党) 1913-1921；29.Warren Gamaliel Harding（Republican Party）1921-1923;沃伦·甘梅利尔·哈定 (共和党) 1921-1923；30.Calvin Coolidge（Republican Party）1923-1929;卡尔文·柯立芝 (共和党) 1923-1929；31.Herbert Clark Hoover（Republican Party）1929-1933;赫泊特·克拉克·胡佛 (共和党) 1929-1933；32.Franklin Delano Roosevelt（Democratic Party）1933-1945;富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福 (民主党 )1933-1945；33.Harry Truman（Democratic Party）1945-1953;哈里·杜鲁门 (民主党) 1945-1953；34.Dwight David Eisenhower（Republican Party）1953-1961德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔 (共和党) 1953-1961；35.John Fitzgerald Kennedy（Democratic Party）1961-1963;约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪 (民主党) 1961-1963；36.lyndon Baines Johnson（Democratic Party）1963-1969;林顿·贝恩斯·约翰逊 (民主党) 1963-1969；37.Richard Milhous Nixon（Republican Party）1969-1974;理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松 (共和党) 1969-1974；38.Gerald Ford（Republican Party）1974-1977杰拉尔德·福特 (共和党) 1974-1977；39.Jimmy Carter/James Earl Carter Jr（Democratic Party) 1977-1981;吉米·卡特/小詹姆斯·厄尔·卡特(民主党) 1977-1981；40.Ronald Wilson Reagan (Republican Party) 1981-1989;罗纳德·威尔逊·里根 (共和党) 1981-1989；41.George Herbert Walker Bush（Republican Party) 1989-1993;乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什 (共和党) 1989-1993；42.Bill Clinton/William Jefferson Blythe III（Democratic Party) 1993-2001 ;比尔·克林顿/威廉·杰斐逊·布莱思三世(民主党) 1993-2001；43.George Walker Bush（Republican Party)2001-2008;乔治·沃克·布什 (共和党) 2001-2008；44.Barack Obama/Barack Hussein Obama II (Democratic Party)2008-巴拉克·奥巴马/巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马二世（民主党）2008-。
英语故事-Lyndon Baines Johnson
英语故事Lyndon Baines Johnson林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊是美国第36任总统。
约翰逊在任时提出了与”新政”、“公平施政”、“新边疆”一脉相承的改革计划，通过老年保健医疗制度、医疗补助制度、民权法和选举权法。
Lyndon Baines JohnsonLyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969 after his service as the 37th vice president of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He served in all four federal elected offices of the United States: representative, senator, vice president, and president.Johnson, a democrat, served as a United States representative from Texas, from 1937–1949 and as United States senator from 1949–1961, including six years as United States senate majority leader, two as senate minority leader and two as senate majority whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by John F. Kennedy to be his running mate for the 1960 presidential election.Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, completed Kennedy’s term and was elected president in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 presidential election. Johnson was greatly supported by the democratic party and, as president, was responsible for designing the “great society”legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his “war on poverty.” he was renowned for his domineering personality and the “Johnsontreatment,”his arm twisting of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation.Simultaneously, he greatly escalated direct American involvement in the Vietnam War. As the war dragged on, Johnson’s popularity as president steadily declined. After the 1966 mid-term congressional elections, his re-election bid in the 1968 United States presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the Democratic Party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew from the race amid growing opposition to his policy on the Vietnam War and a worse-than-expected showing in the New Hampshire primary.Despite the failures of his foreign policy, Johnson is ranked favorably among some historians due to his domestic policies.Early political careerJohnson briefly taught public speaking and debate in a Houston high school, and then entered politics. Johnson’s father had served five terms in the Texas legislature and was a close friend of one of Texas’s rising political figures, Congressman Sam Rayburn. In 1930, Johnson campaigned for Texas state senator Wally Hopkins in his run for congress. Hopkins recommended him to Congressman Richard m. Kleberg, who appointed Johnson as Kleberg’s legislative secretary. Johnson was elected speaker of the “little congress,”a group of congressional aides, where he cultivated congressmen, newspapermen and lobbyists. Johnson’s friends soon included aides to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, as well as fellow Texans such as vice president John Nance Garner. He became a surrogate son to Sam Rayburn.Johnson married Claudia Alta Taylor (already nicknamed “lady bird”) of Karnack, Texas on November 17, 1934 after having attended Georgetown university law school for several months. They had two daughters, Lynda Bird, born in 1944, and Luci Baines, born in 1947. Johnson enjoyed giving people and animals his own initials citation needed; his daughters’given names are examples, as was his dog, little beagle Johnson.In 1935, he was appointed head of the Texas national youth administration, which enabled him to use the government to create education and job opportunities for young people. He resigned two years later to run for congress. Johnson, a notoriously tough boss throughout his career, often demanded long workdays and work on weekends.He was described by friends, fellow politicians, and historians as motivated throughout his life by an exceptional lust for power and control. As Johnson’s biographer Robert Caro Observes, “Johnson’s ambition was uncommon—in the degree to which it was unencumbered by even the slightest excess weight of ideology, of philosophy, of principles, of beliefs.”Senate years1948 contested electionIn 1948, Johnson again ran for the senate and won. This election was highly controversial: a three-way Democratic Party primary saw Johnson facing a well-known former governor, coke Stevenson; and a third candidate. Johnson drew crowds tofairgrounds with his rented helicopter dubbed “the Johnson city windmill”. he raised money to flood the state with campaign circulars, and won over conservatives by voting for the Taft Hartley act (curbing union power) as well as by criticizing unions himself.Stevenson came in first, but lacked a majority, so a runoff was held. Johnson campaigned even harder this time around, while Stevenson’s efforts were surprisingly poor. as the two candidates see-sawed for the lead, the runoff count took a week. the democratic state central committee (not the state, because the matter was a party primary) handled the count, and it finally announced that Johnson had won by 87 votes. By a majority of one member (29-28) the committee voted to certify Johnson’s nomination, with the last vote cast on Johnson’s behalf by temple (Texas) publisher Frank W. May born, who rushed back to Texas from a business trip in Nashville.There were many allegations of fraud on both sides. Thus, one writer alleges that Johnson’s campaign manager, future Texas governor John B. Connally, was connected with 202 ballots in precinct 13 in Jim Wells County that had curiously been cast in alphabetical order and all just at the close of polling. (All of the people whose names appeared on the ballots were found to have been dead on Election Day.) Robert Caro argued in his 1989 book that Johnson had stolen the election in Jim Wells County, and other counties in south Texas, as well as rigging 10,000 ballots in Bexar County alone. A judge, Luis Salas, said in 1977 that he had certified 202 fraudulent ballots for Johnson.The state democratic convention upheld Johnson. Stevenson went to court, but — with timely help from his friend Abe Fortas — Johnson prevailed. Johnson was elected senator in November, and went to Washington, D.C. tagged with the ironic label “Landslide Lyndon,” which he often used deprecatingly to refer to himself.Freshman senatorOnce in the senate, Johnson was known among his colleagues for his highly successful “courtships” of older senators, especially senator Richard Russell, patrician leader of the conservative coalition and arguably the most powerful man in the senate. Johnson proceeded to gain Russell’s favor in the same way that he had “courted”speaker Sam Rayburn and gained his crucial support in the house.Johnson was appointed to the senate armed services committee, and later in 1950, he helped create the preparedness investigating subcommittee. Johnson became its chairman and conducted investigations of defense costs and efficiency. these investigations tended to dig out old forgotteninvestigations and demand actions that were already being taken by the Truman administration, although it can be said that the committee’s investigations caused the changes. However, Johnson’s brilliant handling of the press, the efficiency with which his committee issued new reports, and the fact that he ensured every report was endorsed unanimously by the committee all brought him headlines and national attention.Johnson used his political influence in the senate to receive broadcast licenses from the federal communications commission in his wife’s name.In 1951, Johnson was chosen as senate majority whip under a new majority leader, Ernest McFarland of Arizona, and served from 1951 to 1953Senate democratic leaderSenate Desk X, used by all democratic leaders, including Johnson, since Joseph Taylor Robinson in the 1952 general election republicans won a majority in both house and senate. Among defeated democrats that year was McFarland, who lost to then-little-known Barry Goldwater, Johnson’s future presidential opponent.In January 1953, Johnson was chosen by his fellow democrats to be the minority leader. thus, he became the least senior senator ever elected to this position, and one of the least senior party leaders in the history of the senate. The whip is usually first in line to replace party leader (e.g., most recently whip Harry Reid became senate minority leader after tom Daschle’s defeat).One of his first actions was to eliminate the seniority system in appointment to a committee, while retaining it in terms of chairmanships. In the 1954 election, Johnson was re-elected to the senate, and since the democrats won the majority in the senate, Johnson became majority leader. Former majority leader, William Knowland was elected minority leader. Johnson’s duties were to schedule legislation and help pass measures favored by the democrats. Johnson, Rayburn and President Dwight D. Eisenhower worked smoothly together in passing Eisenhower’s domestic and foreign agenda. As majority leader, Johnson was responsible for passage of the civil rights act of 1957, the first civil rights legislation passed by the senate since reconstruction.Johnson gives “the treatment” to 90-year-old Rhode Island senator Theodore F. Green in 1957 historians Caro and Dallek consider Lyndon Johnson the most effective senate majority leader in history. He was unusually proficient atgathering information. One biographer suggests he was “the greatest intelligence gatherer Washington has ever known”, discovering exactly where every senator stood, his philosophy and prejudices, his strengths and weaknesses, and what it took to break him. Robert baker claimed that Johnson would occasionally send senators on NATO trips in order to avoid their dissenting votes. Central to Johnson’s control was “the treatment”, described by two journalists:The treatment could last ten minutes or four hours. it came, enveloping its target, at the Johnson ranch swimming pool, in one of Johnson’s offices, in the senate cloakroom, on the floor of the senate itself — wherever Johnson might find a fellow senator within his reach.Its tone could be supplication, accusation, cajolery, exuberance, scorn, tears, complaint and the hint of threat. It was all of these together. It ran the gamut of human emotions.Its velocity was breathtaking, and it was all in one direction. Interjections from the target were rare. Johnson anticipated them before they could be spoken. He moved in close, his face a scant millimeter from his target, his eyes widening and narrowing, his eyebrows rising and falling. From his pockets poured clippings, memos, and statistics. Mimicry, humor, and the genius of analogy made the treatment an almost hypnotic experience and rendered the target stunned and helpless.。
从小人物到大人物的事例
从小人物到大人物的事例在人类社会中，许多成功的人物都是从小人物开始，通过努力和机遇逐渐成为影响世界的领导者。
这些人物的经历和成就，对于理解社会学的理论和发展，具有重要的启示作用。
本文将以林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊（Lyndon Baines Johnson）总统为例，分析他如何从一个不为人知的小人物，通过自身的努力和机遇，成为美国历史上重要的政治家之一。
一、背景介绍林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊出生于1908年，他的家庭并不富裕，父母都是贫穷的农民。
由于家庭经济条件限制，约翰逊从小就学会了勤奋和努力。
他在学校表现出色，成为了班级的优秀学生。
然而，他的家庭并没有政治背景或社会关系，他本人也没有受到特别的关注。
在1950年代初期，他只是一名不为人知的参议员，直到1961年他被选为美国总统。
二、理论分析自我实现理论:根据自我实现理论，每个人都有潜在的天赋和能力，但只有那些能够意识到自己能力和价值的人才能够实现自己的目标。
约翰逊从小就表现出色，他相信自己的能力和价值，并通过努力和机遇实现了自己的梦想。
他的成功经历证明了自我实现理论的重要性。
社会化理论:社会化理论认为，个人在社会中的地位和角色是由其所处的社会环境所决定的。
约翰逊在成长过程中，通过与他人的交往和沟通，逐渐认识到了自己的价值和能力。
他在政治领域中建立了自己的声誉和人脉，成为了美国历史上著名的政治家之一。
机会和选择理论:机会和选择理论认为，个人在社会中是否能够取得成功，取决于他们是否能够抓住机遇并做出正确的选择。
约翰逊的成功得益于他在政治领域中的机遇和选择。
他在1960年代初期成为总统候选人，并在选举中获胜，成为美国历史上重要的政治家之一。
三、案例分析家庭背景和成长经历对约翰逊的影响:约翰逊的家庭背景和成长经历对他的性格和价值观产生了重要影响。
他的家庭经济条件限制了他的发展，但同时也激发了他的勤奋和努力精神。
他在学校中的表现证明了他的能力和价值，并为他未来的政治生涯打下了基础。
林登·约翰逊：让我们坚持
Lyndon Baines Johnson： Let Us Continue 1963年11⽉22⽇，美国第三⼗五任总统约翰·肯尼迪遇刺⾝亡。
副总统约翰逊在肯尼迪遇刺两⼩时后，在达拉斯机场宣誓成为美国总统（见左图）。
以下是约翰逊总统为悼念约翰·肯尼迪发表的讲话。
Mr. Speaker， Mr. President， Members of the House， Members of the Senate， my fellow Americans： All I have I would have given gladly not to be standing here today. The greatest leader of our time has been struck down by the foulest deed of our time. Today， John Fitzgerald Kennedy lives on in the immortal words and works that he left behind. He lives on in the mind and memories of mankind. He lives on in the hearts of his countrymen. No words are sad enough to express our sense of loss. No words are strong enough to express our determination to continue the forward thrust of America that he began. The dream of conquering the vastness of space， the dream of partnership across the Atlantic —— and across the Pacific as well —— the dream of a Peace Corps in less developed nations， the dream of education for all of our children，the dream of jobs for all who seek them and need them， the dream of care for our elderly， the dream of an all-out attack on mental illness， and above all， the dream of equal rights for all Americans， whatever their race or color. These and other American dreams have been vitalized by his drive and by his dedication. And now the ideas and the ideals which he so nobly represented must and will be translated into effective action. Under John Kennedy's leadership， this nation has demonstrated that it has the courage to seek peace， and it has the fortitude to risk war. We have proved that we are a good and reliable friend to those who seek peace and freedom. We have shown that we can also be a formidable foe to those who reject the path of peace and those who seek to impose upon us or our allies the yoke of tyranny. This nation will keep its commitments from South Vietnam to West Berlin. We will be unceasing in the search for peace， resourceful in our pursuit of areas of agreement —— even with those with whom we differ —— and generous and loyal to those who join with us in common cause. In this age when there can be no losers in peace and no victors in war， we must recognize the obligation to match national strength with national restraint. We must be prepared at one and the same time for both the confrontation of power and the limitation of power. We must be ready to defend the national interest and to negotiate the common interest. This is the path that we shall continue to pursue. Those who test our courage will find it strong， and those who seek our friendship will find it honorable. We will demonstrate anew that the strong can be just in the use of strength， and the just can be strong in the defense of justice. And let all know we will extend no special privilege and impose no persecution. We will carry on the fight against poverty， and misery， and disease， and ignorance， in other lands and in our own. We will serve all the nation， not one section or one sector， or one group， but all Americans. These are the United States： A united people with a united purpose. Our American unity does not depend upon unanimity. We have differences； but now， as in the past， we can derive from those differences strength， not weakness， wisdom， not despair. Both as a people and a government， we can unite upon a program， a program which is wise and just， enlightened and constructive. For 32 years Capitol Hill has been my home. I have shared many moments of pride with you， pride in the ability of the Congress of the United States to act， to meet any crisis， to distill from our differences strong programs of national action. An assassin's bullet has thrust upon me the awesome burden of the Presidency. I am here today to say I need your help. I cannot bear this burden alone. I need the help of all Americans， and all America. This nation has experienced a profound shock， and in this critical moment， it is our duty， yours and mine， as the Government of the United States， to do away with uncertainty and doubt and delay， and to show that we are capable of decisive action； that from the brutal loss of our leader we will derive not weakness， but strength； that we can and will act and act now. From this chamber of representative government， let all the world know and none misunderstand that I rededicate this Government to the unswerving support of the United Nations， to the honorable and determined execution of our commitments to our allies， to the maintenance of military strength second to none， to the defense of the strength and the stability of the dollar， to the expansion of our foreign trade， to the reinforcement of our programs of mutual assistance and cooperation in Asia and Africa， and to our Alliance for Progress in this hemisphere. On the 20th day of January， in 19 and 61， John F. Kennedy told his countrymen that our national work would not be finished "in the first thousand days， nor in the life of this administration， nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet." "But，" he said， "let us begin." Today in this moment of new resolve， I would say to all my fellow Americans， let us continue. This is our challenge —— not to hesitate， not to pause， not to turn about and linger over this evil moment， but to continue on our course so that we may fulfill the destiny that history has set for us. Our most immediate tasks are here on this Hill. First， no memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the Civil Rights Bill for which he fought so long. We have talked long enough in this country about equal rights. We have talked for a hundred years or more. It is time now to write the next chapter， and to write it in the books of law. I urge you again， as I did in 19 and 57 and again in 19 and 60， to enact a civil rights law so that we can move forward to eliminate from this nation every trace of discrimination and oppression that is based upon race or color. There could be no greater source of strength to this nation both at home and abroad. And second， no act of ours could more fittingly continue the work of President Kennedy than the early passage of the tax bill for which he fought all this long year. This is a bill designed to increase our national income and Federal revenues，and to provide insurance against recession. That bill， if passed without delay， means more security for those now working， more jobs for those now without them， and more incentive for our economy. In short， this is no time for delay. It is a time for action —— strong， forward-looking action on the pending education bills to help bring the light of learning to every home and hamlet in America； strong， forward-looking action on youth employment opportunities； strong， forward-looking action on the pending foreign aid bill， making clear that we are not forfeiting our responsibilities to this hemisphere or to the world， nor erasing Executive flexibility in the conduct of our foreign affairs； and strong， prompt， and forward-looking action on the remaining appropriation bills. In this new spirit of action， the Congress can expect the full cooperation and support of the executive branch. And， in particular， I pledge that the expenditures of your Government will be administered with the utmost thrift and frugality. I will insist that the Government get a dollar's value for a dollar spent. The Government will set an example of prudence and economy. This does not mean that we will not meet our unfilled needs or that we will not honor our commitments. We will do both. As one who has long served in both Houses of the Congress， I firmly believe in the independence and the integrity of the legislative branch. And I promise you that I shall always respect this. It is deep in the marrow of my bones. With equal firmness， I believe in the capacity and I believe in the ability of the Congress， despite the divisions of opinions which characterize our nation， to act —— to act wisely， to act vigorously， to act speedily when the need arises. The need is here. The need is now. I ask your help. We meet in grief， but let us also meet in renewed dedication and renewed vigor. Let us meet in action， in tolerance，and in mutual understanding. John Kennedy's death commands what his life conveyed —— that America must move forward. The time has come for Americans of all races and creeds and political beliefs to understand and to respect one another. So let us put an end to the teaching and the preaching of hate and evil and violence. Let us turn away from the fanatics of the far left and the far right， from the apostles of bitterness and bigotry， from those defiant of law， and those who pour venom into our nation's bloodstream. I profoundly hope that the tragedy and the torment of these terrible days will bind us together in new fellowship， making us one people in our hour of sorrow. So let us here highly resolve that John Fitzgerald Kennedy did not live or die in vain. And on this Thanksgiving eve， as we gather together to ask the Lord's blessing， and give Him our thanks， let us unite in those familiar and cherished words： America， America， God shed His grace on thee， And crown thy good With brotherhood From sea to shining sea.。
阿甘正传涉及历史事件
1.三K党三K党标志三K党（Ku Klux Klan，缩写为KKK），是美国历史上和现在的一个奉行白人至上主义的民间组织，也是美国种族主义的代表性组织。
三K党是美国最悠久、最庞大的恐怖主义组织。
Ku-Klux二字来源于希腊文KuKloo，意为集会。
Klan是种族。
因三个字头都是K，故称三K党。
又称白色联盟和无形帝国。
三K党（克尤克拉克斯克兰（Ku Klux Klan)，象声词，名称来源于枪子击铁的声音，缩写为KKK），是美国历史上和现在的一个奉行白人至上主义的民间组织，也是美国种族主义的代表性组织。
三K党于1866年由南北战争中被击败的南方联邦军队的退伍老兵组成。
在其发展初期，三K党的目标是在美国南部恢复民主党的势力，并反对由联邦军队在南方强制实行的改善旧有黑人奴隶待遇的政策。
这个组织经常通过暴力来达成目的。
1871年，尤里西斯·格兰特总统签发了三K党和执行法案，强行取缔了这个政治组织，可此后仍有不少此类暴行发生。
2．猫王埃尔维斯·普雷斯利20世纪50年代，猫王的音乐开始风靡世界。
他的音乐超越了种族以及文化的疆界，将乡村音乐、布鲁斯音乐以及山地摇滚乐融会贯通，形成了具有鲜明个性的独特曲风，强烈的震撼了当时的流行乐坛，并让摇滚乐开始如同旋风一般横扫了世界乐坛。
猫王埃尔维斯-普雷斯利--“猫王”(TheHillbilly Cat)，这个绰号是狂热的美国南方歌迷为他取的昵称。
歌曲中，猫王从未录制过外语歌曲，并且除了在三个加拿大城市的五场演出，他也从未在美国国外举办过演唱会。
英俊不凡的容貌，天赋的音乐灵性，不羁天性而富有感召力的舞台表现力成为了猫王的标签，也使他成为世人狂热崇拜的明星，猫王在Graceland的家中，奖品陈列馆放满了金唱片和白金唱片，以及各种各样来自全世界各个国家的荣誉，他们中一部分是挪威,南斯拉夫，日本，澳大利亚，南非，英国，瑞典，德国，法国，加拿大，比利时以及荷兰。
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Lyndon Baines Johnson: "We Shall Overcome"
I speak tonight for the dignity of man and the destiny of democracy. I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colors, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause. America is the richest and the most powerful country which ever occupied this globe. The might of past empires is little compared to ours. But I do not want to be the President who built empires, or sought grandeur, or extended dominion.
I want to be the President who educated young children to the wonders of their world.
I want to be the President who helped to feed the hungry and to prepare them to be tax-payers instead of tax-eaters.
I want to be the President who helped the poor to find their own way and who protected the right of every citizen to vote in every election.
I want to be the President who helped to end hatred among his fellow men, and who promoted love among the people of all races and all regions and all parties.
I want to be the President who helped to end war
among the brothers of this earth.
Above the pyramid on the great seal of the United States it says in Latin: "God has favored our undertaking." God will not favor everything that we do. It is rather our duty to divine His will.
But I cannot help believing that He truly understands and that He really favors the undertaking that we begin here tonight.。