试卷

第一部分：听力（略）第二部分: 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中．选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

APeople are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is h appening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook—you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things— your city, your photo, your friends' names—were set, by default (默认) to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience”.Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,”Schrage admits.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating(撤销) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay.21. What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?A. It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.B. It makes money by putting on advertisements.C. It profits by selling its users’ personal data.D. It provides loads of information to its users.22. What does the author say about most Facebook users?A. They are reluctant to give up their personal information.B. They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook.C. They don’t identify themselves when using the website.D. They care very little about their personal information.23. Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?A. To provide better service to its users.B. To follow the Federal guidelines.C. To improve its users’ connectivity.D. To expand its scope of business.24. What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?A. Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.B. Banning the sharing of users’ personal information.C. Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.D. Removing ads from all social-networking sites.BThe computer keyboard helped kill shorthand---a system of rapid handwriting,and now it's threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2011, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive (草写字母）.The rest? Block letters.And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn't affect their grades.There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?It was at University of Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity (真实性）can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive (认知的）opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better-a lifelong benefit.It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George's County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological (神经系统的) wiring, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.25. What is the author concerned about after 2011 SAT exams?A. Keyboarding.B. Shorthand.C. Handwriting.D. Block letters.26. A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to _________.A. prove how valuable handwriting isB. explain what a famous poet he isC. show how unique his poem isD. stress how fascinating the documents are27. The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that_________.A. the schools are responsible for the loss of handwritingB. the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missedC. it doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skillsD. the culture is turning from the written word to the typed oneCIn a recent study, researchers have estimated the energy required to produce bottled water, including the energy required to manufacture plastic, make the plastic into bottles, process the water, fill and seal the bottles, transport the bottles, and chill the bottles for use. Combining all the energy input totals for treatment and distribution, researchers found that producing bottled water requires between 5.6 and 10.2 million joules(焦耳) of energy per liter, depending on transportation factors. That's up to 2, 000 times the energy required to produce tap water.To break down the energy requirements, researchers found that producing the plastic bottles and transporting the bottles greatly dominated(控制) the energy input. Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials, the researchers calculated that the manufacturing cost is about 4 million joules of energy per plastic bottle weighing 38 grams, and the cap weighing 2 grams.“Our previous work had suggested that bottled water production was an energy-intensive process, but we were surprised to see the results,” the researchers said.Transportation costs vary depending on the distance and mode of transport, and both factors depend on the type of bottled water. There are two main kinds of bottledwater in the US. “spring water”, which comes from an underground spring, and “purified water”, which is city tap water that has received further treatment. For purified water distributed locally by truck within Los Angels, the total transportation energy is about 1.4 million joules per liter. In the second situation, spring water shipped from Fiji (such as Fiji Spring Water) across the Pacific to Los Angels, and then delivered locally by truck, requires about 4 million joules per liter for transportation. For the spring water, the transportation energy equaled (in the case of Fiji) the energy required to produce the bottle.With this data, the researchers hope that future studies will have the ability to make specific estimates for different situations, and possibly find ways to cut energy costs.28. To reduce the energy required to produce bottled water, some companies are trying ______.A. to fill tap water into the plastic bottles directlyB. to replace the plastic bottles with metal containersC. to produce lightweight bottles with recycled materialsD. to use bicycles to transport and deliver bottled water locally29. What's Paragraph 4 mainly talking about?A. Treatment of bottled water needs no energy input at all.B. Bottled water production is an energy- intensive process.C. Transportation of bottled water takes up the most energy input.D. Production of the plastic bottles greatly dominated the energy input.30. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. there are two main kinds of bottled water in the USB. world consumption of bottled water has been increasingC. transportation costs have something to do with the mode of transportD. bottled water produced in Spring is more expensive than purified water31. What's the main purpose of the passage?A. To help consumers themselves make more environmentally sustainable choices.B. To advise the government to take severe measures to stop producing bottledwater.C. To urge the consumers to drink tap water instead of bottled water for the sake ofthe earth.D. To try the best to find ways to produce bottled water cheaply and quickly for thecompanies.DBicycle lights may not exactly be a problem that needs solving, but the following can be said about most of them—they’re easily stolen if left on an unattended bike. People riding at dusk can forget to turn them on, and those same people can forget to turn them off when they reach their destination. Well, the makers of the Blink/Steady Bike Light have set out to solve all of those shortcomings.The waterproof Blink/Steady is so far only available as a tail light, although a head light is on the way. It’s fixed onto the bike’s seat post. A built-in photosensor (感光器) tells when it’s become dark enough for the light to be required, and allows it to come on once you begin the riding. According to the producers, it isn’t fooled by things such as headlights or streetlights. The light also contains an accelerometer, also known as a motion (移动) sensor, which can tell when the bike is in motion.Between the two sensors, this means the light will come on only once it’s dark enough, and the bike is moving. Even when stopped at red lights, the small movements of the rider will reportedly be enough to keep the light activated—it’ll go out after 30 seconds of complete inactivity. While this does mean that the two sensors are continuously powered up, they go into a very low-power sleep pattern when the bike is sitting, unused.Light is provided by two 5-watt LEDs, seeable over a range of 180 degrees. And power comes from two AAA batteries, which provide up to 200 hours of continuous run time. The designers and engineers behind the Blink/Steady are now raising money for its commercial production. About US $95 will get you one if they become available.32. According to the text, the Blink/Steady Bike Light is sensitive to _______.A. the weatherB. streetlightsC. natural lightD. headlights33. Why is there an accelerometer in the Blink/Steady Bike Light?A. To protect the bike against water.B. To tell if the bike is moving.C. To make the bike easy to ride.D. To judge the speed of the bike.34. What can be inferred about the Blink/Steady Bike Light?A. It will be turned off immediately if the bike stops.B. The traffic lights have no effect on the light.C. It must meet two requirements if it comes on.D. It won't use any power if the bike is unused.35. What can we know about the Blink/Steady Bike Light from the last paragraph?A. Its power is renewable.B. It isn’t av ailable now for its lovers.C. It includes five LEDs.D. It can be used for years.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。