自考英语语法复习资料(37)
46）It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him. 他们选他是作委员会主席。
47）It is green that they have painted the wall. 他们把墙壁漆的是绿色。
注：（1）当强调的中心成分为主语，指人时可用连词that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），强调其余的成分时，连词一律用that.
（2）分裂句中的that与who在非正式文体中可以省略，如：
48）It was the President himself spoke to me. 是总统亲自和我谈了话。
（省去从句主语who）
49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是给那条狗水的。
（省去从句的宾语that）
50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天开始注意到的。
（省去从句连词that）
有时还可省去句首的it is，如：
51）A good， honest trade you are learning， Sir Peter！彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊！
（3）分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句首，如：
52）Now was it that his life was done， and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.
就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃不脱的命运降临了。
53）When was it that he arrived at the village？是何时他到达了这个村子？
54）Why was it that he was late for school？他是为什么上学迟到的？
1. 分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别：比较：
55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 玛丽本应获得第一名，真令人吃惊！（先行词it）
56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是玛丽获得了第一名。
（分裂句引导词it）
2. 虚义it与分裂句引导词it的区别。
比较：
57）It was three o'clock in the morning when his father came back.（虚义it指时间）他父亲回来时是凌晨3点。
58）It was at three o'clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引导词it）他父亲是在凌晨3点回来的。
3. 分裂句中that/who- 从句与that/who引导的定语从句之区别。
比较：
59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-从句）最需要的是钱。
60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引导定语从句）这就是最需要的钱。
61）It is Mary who has broken the glass…… （分裂句中的who-从句）是玛丽打破了玻璃杯。
62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引导定语从句）玛丽是获得第一名的姑娘。
区别方法：如将句型It is/was… that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是分裂句，否则不是。
如（56）例去掉It is …that 则变成： Mary has won the first place. 玛丽获得了第一名。
（58）例变成：His father came back at three o'clock in the morning. 他父亲在凌晨3点回来。
（59）例变成：Money is most needed. 钱是最需要的。
（61）例变成：Mary has broken the glass. 玛丽打破了玻璃杯。
4. “拟似”分裂句
如前所述，一般分裂句是不可以用简单陈述句的谓语动词作为中心成分的。
如果要强调谓语动词，就得采用另外一种强调句型，这种句型又叫做“拟似”分裂句。
如：
63）I gave her a book. What I did was （to） give her a look. 我所做的是给她一本书。
64）He took a plane to Beijing. What he did was （to） take a plane to Beijing. 他所做的是乘飞机去北京。
65）The student is going to write an article. What the student is going to do is（to） write an article.
这个学生要做的是写一篇文章。
“拟似”分裂句的主语通常是由what引导的名词性从句，从句的主动词通常是do的一定形式；这种分裂句的主语补语通常是不定式结构，可带to，也可不带to，它构成“拟似”分裂句的信息中心。
“拟似”分裂句还可采取另外一种形式，即“what-从句+be+名词词组”的形式，如：
66）What he gave her was a handbag. 他所给她的是个提包。
也可采取“名词词组+be+what-从句”的形式
67）A handbag was what he gave her. 提包就是他所给她的。
1. 用先行词it改写下列句子：
（1）Possibly the Joneses will come to the party as well.
（2）Whether they will come or not doesn't matter very much.
（3）He is quite likely to let you down.
（4）You seem to have taken a dislike to him.
（5）I happen to have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.
（6）Getting the car on the boat was rather complicated.
（7）To be with you here this evening is a great pleasure.
（8）You were so kind to invite us.
（9）What you say does not matter in the least.
（10）How he came to have such a valuable painting is a mystery.
2. 翻译下列句子：
（1）冬天，天色晚得早。
（2）问她没有用，她什么也不知道。
（3）从这儿到车站有两英里（路程）。
（4）你见过下冰雹吗？
（5）由你来决定该怎么办？
（6）据说他已去过美国两次了。
（7）可惜你错过了那次音乐会。
（8）看来，他很害怕。
（9）牛奶已经泼翻，哭也无用。
（即：作无益的后悔无济于事。
）
（10）几个月之后我们才又见面。
3. 用强调句型改写下列句子。
（划线部分为中心成分）
（1）She has been studying French only for three months.
（2）He has painted the windows green.
（3）John bought the car from Henry.
（4）I met Henry in New York.
（5）He didn't come home until 11 o'clock last night.
翻译句子************************************：
（1）It is getting dark earlier in winter.
（2）It is no use asking her because she didn't know anything about it. （3）It's two miles from here to the bus station.
（4）Have you seen it hailing？
（5）It is up to you decide what to do.
（6）It is said that he has been to the U.S.A. twice.
（7）It's a pity that you've missed the concert.
（8）It seems that he is much afraid.
（9）It's no use crying over spilt milk.
（10）It was several months before we met again.。
自考英语语法复习资料（37）
46）It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him. 他们选他是作委员会主席。
47）It is green that they have painted the wall. 他们把墙壁漆的是绿⾊。
注：（1）当强调的中⼼成分为主语，指⼈时可⽤连词that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），强调其余的成分时，连词⼀律⽤that. （2）分裂句中的that与who在⾮正式⽂体中可以省略，如： 48）It was the President himself spoke to me. 是总统亲⾃和我谈了话。
（省去从句主语who） 49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是给那条狗⽔的。
（省去从句的宾语that） 50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天开始注意到的。
（省去从句连词that） 有时还可省去句⾸的it is，如： 51）A good， honest trade you are learning， Sir Peter！彼得爵⼠，你学得是⼀种很好⽽诚实的⼀⾏啊！ （3）分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句⾸，如： 52）Now was it that his life was done， and the fate which he could not escape was upon him. 就在这时，他的⽣命完结了，他所逃不脱的命运降临了。
53）When was it that he arrived at the village？是何时他到达了这个村⼦？ 54）Why was it that he was late for school？他是为什么上学迟到的？ 1. 分裂句引导词it与先⾏词it的区别：⽐较： 55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 玛丽本应获得第⼀名，真令⼈吃惊！（先⾏词it） 56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是玛丽获得了第⼀名。
自考英语语法.doc
自考英语语法(电子书)第一篇句法类一、表语从句1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2．构成：关联词+简单句3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。
如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。
如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。
如：It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
解释：1．连词because可引导表语从句。
如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。
自考学士学位英语考试复习资料(语法词汇短词阅读作文)
自考学士学位英语考试复习资料(语法、词汇、短词、阅读、作文)第一节动词的时态考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have （has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。
一、一般现在式：1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。
例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。
2、表示普遍的真理。
由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。
例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。
3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。
例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。
4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。
（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams. A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing （答案：B）（1996年22题）（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heatedD. has heated（答案：C）（1992年59题）二、一般过去时：1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。
just now, last year, when I was 8years old 等。
(完整版)英语语法学习资料
英语语法学习资料(完整版)第一讲名词⏹1.1名词的分类⏹名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
归纳表格如下⏹ | |专有名词 | || 名 | | 个体名词 | || | |------------| 可数名词|| | | 集体名词 | || |普通名词 | | || 词 | | 物质名词 | || | |------------| 不可数名词|| | | 抽象名词 | |⏹) 以y 1结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeys holiday---holidays比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c. 均可,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
自考英语语法重点串讲资料
Part 1 动词主要时态和语态表1.一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动： do / did / will do被动： are done / were done / will be done2.现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动： are doing / were doing / will be doing被动： are being done / were being done3.现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动： have done / had done / will have done被动： have been done / had been done现在完成进行时主动： have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用1.现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now， so far， for three years， since 1995， over past ten years，by the end of this week， by the year of 1995汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week， we’ll have finished the task.现在完成进行时:从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。
汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.I’ve often been thinking of you.He’s been worrying about her safety.Obviously she’s been crying.All these years he’s been traveling.过去完成时:1) said， reported， thought等引导的间接引语中。
2023年4月自学考试英语语法试题
全国4月自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1．There are a lot of ________ in Xinhua Children’s Hospital. ( )A．woman doctors B．woman doctorC．women doctors D．women doctor2．We ________ . Please fasten your seat belt. ( )A．have landed B．are landingC．landed D．land3．Mary and John ________ each other since childhood. ( )A．have been knowing B．knewC．have known D．had known4．Almost all the main roads in the city center ________ by the end of next year. ( ) A．will be widened B．were widenedC．will have been widened D．would be widened5．The factory will be fined if the work ________ by the end of the month is delayed. ( ) A．to be completed B．will be completedC．being completed D．completed6．I don’t think it advisable that the young man ________ to the important post since he has nopractical experience. ( )A．is appointed B．will be appointedC．be appointed D．has been appointed7．Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ________ have studied very hard. ( )A．may B．shouldC．must D．ought to8．The students are staying up late these days ________ for the final exams. ( ) A．to preparing B．to prepareC．being prepared D．prepared9．He tried ________ a new microphone and was able to make himself heard. ( ) A．to use B．to be usedC．to using D．using10．Mr. Johnson met ________ at the party that day. ( )A．a certain retired movie funny star B．a retired certain funny movie starC．a funny certain retired movie star D．a certain funny retired movie star 11．Tom likes watching TV ________ novels. ( )A．more than to read B．more than readingC．than reading D．rather than to read12．The Conservative Party is one of the ________ parties in Britain. ( ) A．major B．mainC．big D．huge13． ________ , he couldn’t deal with these problems. ( )A．Obviously speaking B．Obviously to speakC．Obvious D．Obviously14．The room is too cold without heating and too small for a family of four. ________ , it is better than I expected. ( )A．Still B．ButC．And D．So15． ________ their differences, John and Mark remain good friends all their lives.( ) A．But for B．For allC．Above all D．Except for16．She is a gentle and quiet girl, ________ none of her sisters is. ( )A．who B．whomC．that D．which17．She is married to a man who she believes ________ both makes a lot of money and loves her. ( )A．who B．whomC．that D．/18．Neither of them who had applied for a position in the company ________. ( ) A．has been accepted B．have been acceptedC．was accepted D．were accepted19．What she wanted from him ________ just promises at that time. ( )A．is B．areC．was D．were20．I know I need a good car, but I can’t afford ________. ( )A．it B．oneC．that D．this二、填空题（本大题共28小题，共36分）Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每题2分，共16分)21．go, goes, is going, advice, advices, piece of adviceMy special thanks ____________ to Professor Brown, who read the first draft of this book and gave me a lot of invaluable ____________ .22．a, a, the, the, some, such____________ beautiful is not always the same as ____________ good. 23．worrying, are worrying, has been worrying, fining, being fined, is finedThe browns ____________ about their son ____________ for overspeed.24．was, were, be, never, being, will never be, has never to beThough be ____________ reduced to poverty, he ____________ dishonest.25．work, worked, working, tell, told, telling____________ hard until ____________ to stop.26．which, which, what, what, that, thatThere is something ____________ I want you to do but ____________ you hate to do. 27．what, which, that, is, are, wasWhat he did and ____________ he said ____________ totally different.28．such, so, it, make, to make, made____________ is not funny at all ____________ fun of a disabled man.Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. ( 共20小题，每题1分，共20分)29．Let’s not talk to the director, ____________ (we)?30．You say you took the book without his permission. ___________ (other words), you stole it. 31．The book will provide a ____________ (stimuli) to research in this very important area. 32．They speak ____________ (not French) nor German, but a curious mixture of the two. 33．In my ____________ (mind) eye, she remains a little girl of six although she’s actually a grown woman.34．I’m afraid you ____________ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after you’re eighteen.35．Look at the dark clouds. It ____________ (rain).36．Mary is naughty, but she____________(be) a good girl today.37．Congress has decided that the present law____________(maintain).38．—The lights have gone out.—A fuse____________(blow).39．Having finished the first project, John went on____________(work) on another one.40．____________ (stand) on the church tower, the whole village could be seen.41．When I told her the news, she became all____________(depressed).42．How much did the second____________ (expensive) has cost?43．I think the noise____________(come) below the window.44．Don’t get____________(mad) the children. They don’t know what they’ve done.45．____________ (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals. 46．That is the reason____________(for) he is leaving so soon.47．Each man and woman____________(be) asked to complete a form.48．I don’t want____________(there be) any disturbance during my lunch break.三、改错题（本大题共12小题，每题1分，共12分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49．—Did you work out the solution to this problem?—I am at my wits end with this problem.50．I’m going to buy a new coat. The weather report says it is very cold.51．Far is it from me to call him a thief.52．She talked a long time, and in the end she could make him believe her.53．The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.54．The additional work will take five another weeks.55．Such chances should never be let to slip.56．There is something wrong with the car; it needs overhauled.57．Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.58．Just take a look at that fellow, so you’ll get sick.59．Brown bread and butter are usually eaten with smoked salmon.60．Not a single page he read the whole semester.四、改写句子（本大题共12小题，每题2分，共24分）Rewrite the following sentences as required.61．Adding a suitable tag to the following statement:I don’t believe you’ve finished knitting that cardigan yourself.62．Reinforcing the negation in the following sentence:No one on the committee approved of my proposal.63．Combining the two sentences by using coordination:He himself is interested in the subject. All his students are beginning to show an interest in it. 64．Combining the two sentences by using an adverbial clause:John spoke through a microphone. He could be heard in every room.65．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The house was in bad repair. It was to be sold at a reduced price.66．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The term papers were very brief. They were better than I had expected.67．Using extraposition:Whether there was gold left in the mine was not known.68．Using fronting:The plane dived into a large crowd of spectators.69．Using a modal auxiliary:I’m sure that he is working late at the office.70．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:We are told that he will come tonight, and if he comes tonight, our meeting will be held tomorrow. If he doesn’t come tonight, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow.71．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:I finally threw out my dirty tennis shoes, which pleased my mother tremendously. 72．Using subjunctive mood:I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position.五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每题4分，共8分）Answer the following questions.73．Give a brief answer to the criteria of the classification of open class words and their significance.74．List the types of subjunctive mood with examples.本资料由安徽自考网搜集整顿，更多自考资料请登录.o rg下载。
英语语法自考试题及答案
英语语法自考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The book is ________ interesting that I want to read it again.A. soB. suchC. veryD. too答案：A2. She is ________ a good teacher that we all like her.A. soB. suchC. veryD. too答案：B3. ________ the weather is fine, we will go out for a picnic.A. BecauseB. SinceC. AsD. For答案：B4. ________ you have finished your homework, you can go outto play.A. BecauseB. UnlessC. IfD. Though答案：C5. ________ he is old, he still works very hard.A. BecauseB. ThoughC. AsD. Since答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）6. The teacher asked us ________ the book yesterday.A. to readB. readC. readingD. reads答案：A7. I ________ my homework when the teacher came in.A. was doingB. didC. am doingD. do8. ________ the meeting, he had to leave early.A. BeforeB. AfterC. DuringD. At答案：C9. The children ________ the kite in the park.A. flyB. are flyingC. flewD. were flying答案：B10. ________ the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.A. BeforeB. As soon asC. AfterD. While答案：B三、改错题（每题2分，共20分）11. She don't like to eat apples.A. don'tB. likeD. apples答案：A12. He isn't go to the park tomorrow.A. isn'tB. goC. the parkD. tomorrow答案：B13. They are playing football in the garden.A. areB. playingC. footballD. in the garden答案：A14. She has been to Beijing two times.A. has beenB. toC. twoD. times答案：C15. I can speak English and French too.A. canC. EnglishD. too答案：D四、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）16. 他昨天没有去学校，因为他生病了。
自考基础英语复习资料
一、名词和短语的英汉互译：1―配额、定量―维持、保持―关税壁垒―无效合同―垄断性竞争―贬值―存货清单―成本效益―直接/间接税―法定最低储备金―规模经济―包装材料―残次品―产成品―调查报告―消费品―出口/进口配额―索赔－技术知识－补偿贸易－原材料－交通阻塞－分公司－多边贸易－服务贸易－贸易差额－生产线－计划/市场经济－产品统一条形码－有形/无形贸易－保险单－额外储备金－自由港－公共利益－比较优势－试订单－外贸保税区－独家代理－注册商标－地理位置－标准集装箱－运费－目标市场－欺诈－年收入－生产资料－留存收益－广告媒介－国民生产总值－国内生产总值－消费品支出－信用额度－专有技术－税收减免－需求曲线－所得税－合资企业－利息费－营运资金－董事会－工作许可－普通港－生产能力－劳动力－运输方式－基础设施－易货贸易－保险费－天气条件－市场份额－投资性支出－盈利状况－通讯系统－能源危机－通货膨胀率－公平交易－金融机构－零售商－付款方式－技术转让a －实盘－可支的收入－购物中心－经济危机a －市场价格机制－供求机制－存货占用成本－重置费用－货币市场－资本产出比率－产品鉴别－无形因素－需求计划－物美价廉的商品a －没有出路的工作－降低成本－投放市场－批量生产－人造丝－赤字－优惠的信用措施－工业化国家a －商船船队－收款台－人际关系－城市商业区－活期存款帐户－很高的重复接触率－承保－假设经济－资本设备－需求/供给弹性－以任意的形式－经济学文献－垄断要素，－深思熟虑的理智的决定－承保人－纳税人二、单选中易考的短语和句式：：般人…：把……制成……：为了得到…而付钱：盈利；赚钱. ：就…而言：平均：一直用下去＝：照看；照料a ：一辈子一次的，难得的：劝说某人做某事：劝说某人不要做某事：丢弃：导致：以一物换取另一物：过时：流行……：使…变成…：陷入困境：在起作用：（物价）下降，下跌：在此期间：有限的数量：加入：开始做：努力做某事……：使…免受…的伤害：对…有害：首先：由…组成，构成…：贴上…标签：警惕：认为某事当然，想当然：依…次序：诱使某人做某事：遭受（疾病、灾难等） a ：由于：处于压力之下（）：警告、告诫：逼得某人自杀：指出：逃离：搬家：生病…：在…时候：从事；开始做…a ：尾随某人（）：健康情况好（差） a ：犯罪…：如同…那样‘s ：失去领先地位：转手、易手……：在哪方面居领先地位：目的是：提高、增加：消灭、消除：付账后离开：御寒：在不同的气候条件下：把…纺成纱a ：保守秘密：被称为：决不…：用…、依靠……：高达…的百分比：安排某人做某事 a ：乘火车：抓住…不放：开始经商…：根据…：一般地、大体上…＝…：习惯于…：抱怨：适用于…：及…相处：至少：经营…：减速：为某人提供某物：正在使用中：名胜古迹：各处旅行…：得到的结论是…：被租来做某事（）：做某事有困难：比…优越：及…混合：及…化合：在世间…：把…和…分开：用完：对…有所帮助：通知某人某事：超越a …：激发对…的需求：利用…；占便宜：此时此刻：出于情感（）：为了得到某物而及某人竞争‘s ：记在心里：吸引…的注意：开始认真做某事：做…有好处：愿意做…而不愿做…：受限于………：把…局限于…a ：能够做…a ：对…有影响，有作用：以…为目的：及…有关：及…联系在一起：受…的控制a …＝：寻找、寻求：引入……：除…之外：及…相结合：增加：追溯到…：从事…：正在运转：实施、生效：普遍地：倾向于…；赞同…：实质上：对…感到悲观…：支持……：介入………：使…束缚于…… ：使…成为可能：相比之下：闯入：路上偶遇某人：使康复：清偿，还清债务：弥补，补偿：忍受，容忍：…赐予的：不得不：在…方面：专门从事…：于…联合，结合：呼吁：使遭受、面对：接收，吸收：从前的：由…造成的：足以…：起着关键作用… ：考虑到…a ：成群，大批：知晓：面对…的困难：归结于：超过：及…并驾齐驱：总计：及…配对：及…不协调：渴望，向往：被…迷住：因此……：用…代替…：在…上投资：作为…的参考：做某事是有风险的：企图做某事：拆开，拆散：停止：表示对过去的推测：背负式运输服务：随…而变化：提出，主张：决不是：只不过，仅仅是自考《基础英语》英汉互译前十分白拿两份报纸一块肥皂 a一件家具 a一把剪刀 a丢弃陷入困境工业产品农产品一辈子一次性的收获 a没有出路的工作 a付一大笔钱过时流行批量生产降低成本在起作用物美价廉的产品所得税投放市场小批量大量地要求下降从商努力做某事 .医疗设备劣质产品一条面包 a温和宽容的人造丝假牙对…有害警惕认为某事当然由…组成一个中年妇女 a一些性格开朗的女孩一个意志软弱的人 a 一个意志坚强的人 a 遭受由于压力 a警告信号交通阻塞指出逃离自杀从事摄影高度工业化国家 a 工业生产制成品领先失去领先地位‘s 赤字就…而言…易手赚钱金融中心 a贸易中心 a国际贸易外贸商船船队 a巨额金钱一大笔钱 a 对付，处理有形贸易无形贸易贸易差额失血高度机械化的工厂产品统一条形码黑白相间的条纹（）斑马线油炸土豆片炸薯条黑白电视机墨画身上青一块紫一块光学扫描器激光束目的是消灭，消除付账后离开到达登记现金出纳机在左边收款台原材料制成品近在手边衣夹晒衣绳桌布 a洗碗布 a洗碗机 a原始人现代人穿着从…上刮去…把…纺成… ……把…制成…4000万年前在远古时富人和穷人一样想到剪去讲故事 a保守秘密 a 直接税间接税收入所得税纳税人税务员免税的国税地方税穷人富人年轻人老年人高达以…形势政府机关凭借在某个星期一的早晨 a 在星期一的早晨乘火车乘公共汽车布莱克一家向某人道别 .向某人道歉 .每隔几分钟每隔一天每隔一行不久以后通向抓牢一打鸡蛋 a在阳光下注意继续作某事（）好像自信自信的自大的自助的自给自足的自学的一般的确信习惯于抱怨说实话说谎 a 适用于处理依赖于必修课 a 同…相处考虑日复一日从始自终每况愈下减速在使用中不再使用免费入场免所得税免费获得某物 .再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内探知，查明得到以下结论得出结论 a交通高峰时间交通拥挤援助计划视觉教具助听器捏粘土揉面团一定数量的 a大量地小额地优于劣于把…及…相混合……把…及…分开…把…分成…用尽表现了…的特点究竟，到底五大湖区通知某人某事 .利用准备某事 .很容易拿到够不到想出，熟思吸引…的注意食品杂货店为…竞争干得好 a记在心里‘s 收款台国营公司合资公司白雪覆盖的山顶糖衣药丸营业时间因公开始谈正事激烈的竞争通货膨胀顺差城市商业区保险业不断的受限于被认为是把…局限于…为了一切有实用价值的目的能够做使…变成…对…有影响总纲以…为目的及…相关的及…联系在一起太阳能受…的控制引入通讯系统能源危机财政危机 a 业余画家业余摄影家道德的基础柱基 a自然现象故意的商业银行 a金融机构 a金融中心 a财政困难及生俱来的特权活期存款账户定期存款账户州政府联邦政府答应一项帮助 a 答应一项请求 a发给银行执照 a 一定量的资产 a 遵循一定的常规隶属于州的银行国家银行活期存款及…相结合部分准备制的原理在任何一次可用，握有公债内债外债可能的买主 a增加了增加到被看作防备取款 a追溯到法定最低储备金额外储备金就…意义而言在某种意义上 a 自由港外贸保税区经济特区从事于政治忙着工作及某人订婚 .普通港口 a中东远东近东关税壁垒起作用，生效为…付关税 a …索价，要价…原材料制成品码头工人造船厂，修船所内河航行国内工业国内产品国内贸易国内市场美国国会外贸保税区法（英国）议院的法案（美国）国会的法案外贸保税区管理委员会董事会国际商务局天津商检局美国商业部市场经济计划经济决定性的测验决定性的问题在重要的关头以分散的方式 a市场价格机制 a技术工劳工及雇主之间的关系工党纯粹的形式 a英国工业革命法国大革命普遍地倾向于做某事 .全社会有…倾向的由…产生的实质上，根本上供求机制完全承袭…传统对于…感到悲观对于…感到乐观指出个人利益社会利益支持某人‘s获胜，击败高度计划的社会主义经济用这样或那样的方式介入决不当然，必定就…而言…比较利益把…从…解放出来…使…束缚于……生产过程比较利益原则指…而言把…比作为适用于使适应，使适合为某事给某人报酬或奖赏把…应用于，使用于……归类程序彼此相比之下卷入完完全全的自由贸易致力于…对…有益处的整个社会的普遍利益独特的力量大批量生产总的生产规模总收益商业往来文明世界把…用于… …不得不做某事 .在…方面低劣在…方面优越交换对…有利使…从…转移到……标准化集装箱集装箱运输陆运海运空运水运管道运输联运承运人托运人收货人铁路运单空运单租船合同提单订舱单重新占领市场背负式运输服务从…方面来讲专门从事及…结合失效，崩溃存货占用成本短途送货长途送货汽车装运的货物空运货物基础设施广告媒介天天，逐日并肩地，相互支持地说出，（尤指无意间）吐露吐露秘密 a有吸引力，引起兴趣目标观众有线电视有线电视广告收入使遭受，面对抛却，扔掉旧货商 a预付费用成本效益被分为（广播中的）答问节目解释，说明使（某人）信服……相当提前有…倾向的有很高的重复接触率保险保险额保险公司保险范围保险费作为对…的报答防御不愿意做某事经商，经营因公有事赚钱 a收入，接受，吸收付钱（如福清费用）投保人保险单建于…之上索价，要价毛利净利国民生产总值统计学原理 a大数定律随…变动在相反的情形下使恢复在…之前为此目的由于…而发生导致故意行为放火纵火在欺诈的情况下有助于，促成重置费用资本支出资本货物固定资本流动资本资本积累原始资本积累。
自考之英语语法1月浙江
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：10056I. After each sentence, four options are given. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the answer sheet.（40%）1. You'll find some fancy _____ in this store.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. furniture pieceD. pieces of furniture2. Each boy and each girl in the mountain area _____ to go to school.A. asksB. askC. is askedD. are asked3. Ben is one of the brightest students who _____ from New York University.A. is graduatedB. have graduatedC. has graduatedD. graduates4. On Sunday, I go to _____ to hear mass.A. churchB. the churchC. a churchD. some church5. _____, she was very brave.A. Girl as was sheB. A girl as she wasC. As a girl she wasD. Girl as she was6. “Which person do you mean?”“_____ with dark glasses on.”A. OneB. EachC. The oneD. Ones7. Sorry I can’ t answer your question. I know _____ about the subject.A. a littleB. someC. littleD. few8. Over of_____ China’s inhabitants belong to the Han nationality.A. nine-tenthsB. nine-tenthC. ninth-tenD. ninths-ten9. I couldn’t come to the meeting this afternoon for I have _____to do.A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything importantD. important anything10. My new glasses cost me _____ the last pair that I bought.A. times threeB. more than three timesC. three times as much asD. as much three times as11. The neighbors of the United States are Canada _____ the north and Mexico _____ the south.1A. in; inB. on; onC. to ; toD. at; at12. Let’s look _____ this matter together.A. atB. intoC. overD. through13. I prefer skating _____ any other sport.A. forB. thanC. fromD. to14. Under the tree _____ two boys.A. lyingB. layC. liesD. lain15. It was not until then that I came to know that knowledge _____ only from practice.A. had comeB. has comeC. cameD. comes16. Robots are used _____ a lot of work in place of man.A. to doB. to doingC. doingD. to be done17. If I had time, _____ see the new movie at the Capital Theatre.A. I’llB. I shallC. I mayD. I’d18. _____ for your help, I would not have succeeded.A. BecauseB. Because ofC. ButD. But for19. It is important that we _____ the news a secret.A. must keepB. would keepC. should keepD. kept20. It’s very kind _____ invite me.A. that youB. for you toC. of you toD. by you to21. Dozens of people plunged into dead-streets, _____to find themselves trapped by crashing buildings.A. surprisingB. to surpriseC. having been surprisedD. surprised22. There is no point _____ the piano unless you practices every day.A. to learn to playB. by learning to playC. in learning to playD. having learned to play23. When I passed by his door, I heard him _____.A. singB. sang2C. singingD. was singing24. “Must I review all my lessons now?”“No, you _____.”A. can’tB. mustn’tC. couldn’tD. don’t have to25. “I heard the phone ringing in the flat above yours.”“You _____ their phone ringing. They haven’t got a phone yet.”A. couldn’t hearB. couldn’t have heardC. didn’t hearD. wouldn’t have heard26. You never told us why you were one hour late for the last meeting, _____?A. weren’t youB. didn’t youC. have youD. did you27. Confucius, _____ his disciples, followed the rules of propriety.A. as well asB. alsoC. accompanied byD. with28. _____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where29. Hank lives in the southern part of London, _____ is the capital of England.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. there30. When was it _____ he bought a new car?A. asB. thatC. whichD. where31. Seldom _____ him in the past two years.A. I have seenB. have I seenC. I sawD. did I see32. “Tommy never listens to his father.”“__________”A. So does his sister.B. His sister listens, either.C. Nor does his sister.D. Neither his sister listens, too.33. “Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?”A. I don’t believeB. I don’t believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not34. You’d rather I didn’t tell her the news, _____.A. wouldn’t youB. hadn’t youC. did youD. didn’t you35. I can’t put up with _____ friend of yours.A. theB. a3C. thatD. /36. The weather _____ very cold as soon as the night fell.A. was going to beB. wasC. was gettingD. was to be37. After going _____ more of life’s ups and downs, I decided that it was time for me to pursue what was important: it was time to fulfill my life’s dream.A. forB. acrossC. along withD. through38. _____ he was on the verge of starvation, his brother was living an extravagant life.A. SoB. ButC. WhereasD. For39. The room is too cold without heating and too small for a family of four. _____, it is better thanI expected.A. StillB. OtherwiseC. SoD. But40. I don’t agree to _____ of the two proposals.A. bothB. eitherC. neitherD. allII. Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. They are marked A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that is inappropriate and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the answer sheet.（10%）41. Married couples with children often rent the cottages by the seaside for the summer holidays.A B C D42. Neither the stockholders nor the president were convinced as to the propriety of the proposedA B C D course of action.43. After steel is tempered, it is especially hard, strength, and tough.A B C D44. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.A B C D45. Susan devoted the last years of her life primarily to record the keyboard music .A B C D46. Of all the toys in that new store, Jack liked the red train better.A B C D47. The class has cancelled because too few students had registered before registration closed.A B C D48. It will be the first time I have an interview for a job.A B C D449. The actual quantity of folic acid is required in the daily diet is not known.A B C D50. Thomas Jefferson was very ambition and served his country in several different capacities.A B C DIII. Read the following sentences and decide what forms of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the answer sheet. （10%）51. Her phone _____ (ring) for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn’t answer it.52. The witness later disclosed that his evidence __________(make up) by himself.53. It’s no use trying to see him at six this evening, because he _____ ( give) a lesson then.54. Please tell him about it when he_____ (come).55. Marconi, who gave us the radio, probably didn’t realize what effects his great invention _____(have) on the world.56. The children were frightened because it _____ ( get ) dark.57. It’s high time you _____ ( start) to think about your chances of landing a good job after graduation.58. She felt as if she _____ ( be) in that house before.59. I hope her health _____ ( improve) greatly by the time we come back next year.60. What do you think they _____ ( do ) when we get there.IV. Read the following incomplete sentences and decide what non-finite forms of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the answer sheet.(10%)61. The snow kept _____ (fall) and the workmen grew tired of trying to keep the roads clear.62. There is one thing I dislike about him; he never admits to _____( make ) a mistake.63. Jack urged me _____ ( sell) the house.64. We couldn’t help _____ ( impress) by their achievements.65. A saw is used to _____ ( cut) wood.66. When _____( complete), the tunnel will be the longest in the world.67. “Did you remember _____ ( give) him the key of the safe?”“No, I didn’t. I’ll go and do it now.”68. If you favour _____ ( work) on night shift, you may go and sign up at the superintendent’s office.69. I’ve heard the book _____ ( condemn) many times.70. They guarantee _____( offer) free repair service within the first two years after.V. Each of the following problems consists of a complete sentence and an unfinished one. You are to complete, on the answer sheet, the unfinished sentence in such a way that it keeps almost the same meaning of the complete sentence.(10%)71. They gave me a place to stay and they didn’t want any money in return. Not only _______.72. If you happen to see him, ask him to telephone me tonight.Should ____________________.73. It was only because I owed him a favor that I agreed to help him.But for __________.74. He was the last person to commit the embezzlement.He can’t___________________.575. The jeep started off as soon as his luggage had been loaded.No sooner _____________.VI. In the following sentences, some parts are underlined. You are to rewrite, on the answer sheet, the underlined parts without changing the original meanings, using the structures suggested in the brackets and making other necessary changes.(10%)76. We were quite convinced that he was innocent .(Prepositional phrase)77. The headmaster advised me that I should try the examination again the following year.(Infinitive)78. We ought to put an end to that sort of thing once and for all. ( Passive voice)79. Since there was no boat, we had to swim across. ( Absolute construction)80. You having done so is a proof of your wisdom. ( Subject clause)VII. Each of the following problems consists of some sentences. You are to combine, on the answer sheet, the sentences into a complex one containing the kind of subordinate clause indicated in the brackets.(10%)81. I saw two plays in London. I didn’t really enjoy either of them. ( Attributive clause)82. She stood at the door. She seemed to be waiting for someone.(Adverbial clause of manner)83. You went to sleep during the lecture. This suggests that you should go to bed earlier tonight.(Appositive clause)84. Carlos decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment. He was growing tired of city life.( Adverbial clause of concession)85. Immediately after the thief had opened the safe, the alarm rang. ( Inversion)6。
自考现代英语语法重点
自考现代英语语法重点一、基本句子成分1. 主语（Subject）主语是句子中进行动作或者是被描述的对象，通常是名词、代词、不定式或者从句。
主语用来回答“Who/What + 谓语动词”。
2. 谓语（Predicate）谓语是句子中执行动作或者是对主语进行描述的部分。
谓语通常是动词，但也可包含助动词、系动词、情态动词等其他单词。
3. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作的承受者，是句子中动作的对象。
宾语通常是名词或者代词，也可以是从句或者不定式。
4. 定语（Adjective）定语用来修饰名词或代词，提供更多的描述信息。
定语通常位于被修饰词的旁边或者前面。
5. 状语（Adverb）状语用来修改动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，提供关于时间、地点、方式、原因等方面的信息。
6. 表语（Predicate Nominative）表语是指位于系动词之后，对主语进行补充说明、描述其身份、属性、状态等的一部分。
7. 同位语（Appositive）同位语用来进一步解释或说明前面的名词或代词，放在被解释的名词或代词的旁边。
8. 补语（Complement）补语用来补充或完善动词、名词、形容词等的意义，通常放在被补充词的后面。
二、句子结构1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）简单句是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子。
它可以有其他成分（如宾语、定语、状语等），但是只有一个主谓结构。
2. 并列句（Compound Sentence）并列句是由两个或多个简单句通过连词（如and、but、or、for等）连接而成的句子。
3. 复合句（Complex Sentence）复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。
主句可以独立成句，而从句不能独立成句。
4. 复合并列句（Compound-Complex Sentence）复合并列句是由两个或多个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
三、动词形式1. 一般现在时（Simple Present）一般现在时用来表示经常性的动作、事实或习惯。