国际贸易中的offer

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offer&counter-offer

offer&counter-offer

卖方对询盘之回复
卖方报虚盘 卖方报实盘
买方回盘
A: Request for quotation (buyer) Dear Sirs,
买方之询盘
You have previously supplied us with crockery and we should be obliged if you would now quote CIF San Francisco for the items named below. The pattern we require is listed in your 2004 catalog as No. 8.
在接到发盘之后,收盘人必须对报盘内容进行认真研究。如果收 盘人认为发盘价格难以接受或者对其他条件不满意,既可以拒绝 接受,也可以向发盘人提出建议,要求对发盘内容进行修改。这 种收盘人对发盘内容进行变更的表示称为还盘(counter-offer)。
事实上,还盘既是收盘人对发盘的拒绝,又是收盘人以发盘人的 地位提出的新发盘。在交易磋商过程中,通过不断的还盘,买卖 双方逐渐在贸易条件上趋向一致,直到最后达成交易。
500 Tea cups and Saucers 200 Tea Plates 100 2-pint Tea-pots of payment, and (3) earliest possible date of delivery.
When replying, please state: (1) discount allowable, (2) terms
Yours faithfully, Manager
D: A firm offer (seller)
卖方报实盘
Dear Sirs,
As requested in your letter of April 18th, we offer you firm as follows, subject to your reply reaching us by the end of this month. 1,000 dozen cotton shirts at USD 60 per dozen CIF New York. The shipment is to be made during June. We require payment by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight. This is the best offer we can make at present and we trust that you will accept this offer without loss of time as the demand for our cotton shirts is heavy. For your reference, we are sending you some samples separately. truly, Yours very Chun

firm offer贸易术语

firm offer贸易术语

firm offer贸易术语
"firm offer"是在国际贸易中常用的术语,表示一份正式、具有约束力的报盘。

这种报盘通常包含以下要素:
1. 有效期:报盘的有效期限,即供应商愿意保持其报价有效的时间范围。

2. 价格和货币:明确指定的商品价格以及货币单位。

3. 规格和数量:详细描述所提供商品的规格、质量标准以及数量。

4. 交付条件:包括交货地点、装运方式和日期等具体的交付条件。

5. 付款条件:明确指定付款方式、结算货币、付款期限以及相关条款。

6. 其他条款:可能还包括保险、检验、索赔和争端解决等方面的特定条款。

一旦买方接受了供应商的firm offer,并在有效期内确认了订单,
供应商通常有义务按照报盘中的条款履行合同并提供所需商品或服务。

因此,firm offer是一种在国际贸易中具有法律约束力的报盘形式,可确保交易双方的权益和责任。

offer

offer

实盘是发盘人按其提供的条件以达成交易目的 的明确表示。实盘具有法律效力。受盘人一旦 的明确表示。实盘具有法律效力。受盘人一旦 在有效期限接受实盘上的条件和内容,发盘人 就无权拒绝售货。 就无权拒绝售货。 一项实盘必须具备: 1)发盘的内容明确完整。 1)发盘的内容明确完整 内容明确完整。 具体讲内容应包括:商品标的(description 具体讲内容应包括:商品标的(description of the goods), 规格(specification), 品质 规格(specification), (Quality),数量(Quantity),包装 Quality),数量(Quantity),包装 (Packing),价格(Price),装运 Packing),价格(Price),装运 (Shipment),支付(Payment),有效期 Shipment),支付(Paypute settlement) ),争议解决的方式(dispute 等。 (可以看到很多都是可以看作针对询价的 回答)
实务提示: 在国际贸易实务中,并非每比交易都必须对全部交易 条件一一磋商. 条件一一磋商.例如我们的客户事先就一般交易条件达 成协议, 成协议,或者双方在长期交易的过程当中已经形成一些 习惯性的做法,或者双方签有长期的贸易协议. 习惯性的做法,或者双方签有长期的贸易协议.因此有些 交易条件就不需要在每比交易中一一重新协商, 交易条件就不需要在每比交易中一一重新协商,一旦达 成交易,这些交易条件,也是合同不可分割的组成部分. 成交易,这些交易条件,也是合同不可分割的组成部分. 我国进出口公司在同国外客户建立关系时, 我国进出口公司在同国外客户建立关系时,通常将印有 一般交易条件(General 一般交易条件(General Terms and Conditions)的合同 Conditions)的合同 格式递交对方,经过双方协商同意后, 格式递交对方,经过双方协商同意后,这些条件就成为今 后双方进行交易的共同基础, 后双方进行交易的共同基础,双方均受此项一般交易条 件的约束.这对于缩短谈判时间是有利的。( 件的约束.这对于缩短谈判时间是有利的。(比如上面的 发盘有些东西不是非常明确,很可能两家公司有过业 务上的往来)

国际贸易Enquiry,offer,counter-offerand acceptance

国际贸易Enquiry,offer,counter-offerand acceptance

向客户进行询盘1. 文体介绍在对外贸易中,询盘,也叫询价(inquiry或enquiry)是买方或买方对于所要购买或出售的商品向另一方作出的询问。

询盘是交易的起点,可以分为:普通询盘(a general inquiry):索取普通资料,诸如:目录(a catalogue)、价目表或报价单(a price-list or quotation sheets)、样品(a sample)、图片(illustrated photo prints)等。

具体询盘(a specific inquiry): 具体询问商品名称(the name of the commodity)、规格(the specifications)、数量(the quantity)、单价(the unit price FOB…CIF…),装船期(the time of shipment)、付款方式(the terms of payment)等。

询盘一般多为买方向卖方发出,买方通过询盘信,简明扼要的向卖方了解一般的商品信息。

利用E-mail 写询盘信,无须写的过分客气,只需具体、简洁、措词得体。

有的询盘信开门见山,直截了当说明订购打算,希望对方给予一定优惠条件;有的询盘信则以征询信息的方式,不许下订货诺言,以避免结果未订购可能形成的日后交易中的障碍。

2.实用范例Subject: EnquiryDear Sir,We are interested in buying large quantities of steel screws in all sizes.We would be obliged if you would give us a quotation per kilogram C&F Liverpool, England. It would also be appreciated if you could forward samples and your price-list to us.We used to purchase these products from other sources. We may now prefer to buy from your company because we understand that you are able to supply larger quantities at more attractive prices. In addition, we have confidence in the quality of your products.We look forward to hearing from you by return E-mail.Sincerely,Xxx3、参考译文主题:询盘亲爱的先生:本公司有意大量购买各型号钢螺钉,欲知每公斤运抵英国利物浦的成本价运费价格。

发盘的常用表达方式;useful expression of offer.

发盘的常用表达方式;useful expression of offer.
7
报价和发盘信函的写作步骤及常见表达方式:
写作步骤
表达方式
(1) 对对方 的询价 表示感

Many thanks for your inquiry of …(多谢您于……日的询 价。)
Thank you for your enquiry and for your interest in our products.(感谢您的询价以及对我方产品的兴趣。)
We thank you for your inquiry of …and are pleased to quote as follows.(我们对您在……日的询价表示感谢并愿 意提供以下产品。)
Please note our standard terms and conditions on the reverse side of this quotation…(请注意我们列在本发盘后面的交易条件。)
外贸英文函电
--发盘常用的表达方式 The expressions of offer
主讲人:李辉
教学目标
技能点:发盘的常用表达方式 能力目标:能够根据实际业务需要写发盘信函
Definition of an offer :
An offer is a formal presentation of the goods to be supplied on the terms specified therein for the buyer’s acceptance.
• to accept offer; 接受发盘 • to confirm offer; 确认发盘 • to decline offer; 拒绝发盘 • to entertain offer; 考虑发盘 • to extend offer; 延长发盘 • to withdraw offer; 撤回发盘 • to cancel offer 撤销发盘

自考《外贸函电》第三课复习重点

自考《外贸函电》第三课复习重点

在报盘有效期内接受报盘的全部条款,达成交易。我们就说:We accept your offer of 2 000 kilos black tea. 或:We confirm our acceptance of your offer of …
若买方只是说:Your offer is acceptable. We are accepting your offer.都不应理解为业务已经成交,对此必须特别注意,以免在实际业务中发生误会。
另外,offer比较固定,卖方价格报出后,一般不能轻易变动,而quote/quotation则不同,卖方报价后,不受约束,可以根据情况略加调整。尽管有区别,但各国商人则往往把这两个词混用。这一点要特别注意。
另外,在使用时,还应注意下列习惯用法:Please offer us 500 Bicycles CIF London. Please quote us your lowest price for 500 Bicycles CIF London.
6.conformation
confirmation 是名词,表示确认
Offer做动词时,可以不及物,如: We will offer as soon as possible. 我方将尽早报盘。也可以及物。
作及物动词用时,宾语可以是人,可以是物,也可以有双宾语。
We hope to be able to offer you next week. 我们希望能于下周某一天向你方报盘。
4.At seller‘s/buyer’s option
at seller‘s option 表示由卖方决定,而at buyer’s option 则表示由买方决定。
5.Acceptable,Accept, Acceptance

国际贸易术语汇总

Enquiry 询盘quotation sheet 报价单firm offer 实盘Non-firm offer 虚盘counter offer 还盘re-counter offer 再还盘offeror 发盘人offeree受盘人catalogue 商品目录price-list 价目表leaflet 传单小册子pamphlet 小册子brochure 小册子booklet 小册子Status Enquiry 资信调查Credit Inquiry 信用调查Proforma Invoice 形式发票import license 进口许可证export license 出口许可证irrevocable L/C不可撤销信用证draft at sight 即期汇票Compensation Trade 补偿贸易terms and conditions 条件和协议joint venture 合资企业All Risks 一切险liner 班轮tramp 不定期货轮sole agent 独家代理exclusive agent 独家代理sales letter销售信函reviver振兴信follow-up letter询问信L/C without recourse 不可追索信用证drawer 发票人beneficiary 受益人date of shipment 装运期sales confirmation 收货确认书port of unloading 卸货港documents against payment 付款交单telegraphic transfer 电汇bill of lading 提单Business directories 工商目录commission agent 佣金商board of directors 董事会A trail order 试订单repeat order 价格相同数量不同的重复订单sale by sample凭样买卖Sale by description 凭说明买卖regular order 定期订单middleman 中间人dealer 经销商Wholesale 批发商retailers 零售商tradesman 零售商merchant 贸易商Purchase order 订货单credit reference 资信证明人registered capital 注册资金Overtrading 过额贸易bank reference 银行备咨financial standing 财务状况Conduct 可靠性capital 资金能力capacity 经营能力sales representative 销售代表Chief representative 首席代表indicate price 参考价格more or less clause 溢短装条款Commercial invoice 商业发票spot price 现价wholesale price 零售价The rate of export drawback 出口退税率partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转运Value-added invoice 增值税发票shipping advice 装运通知 Sales Contract 销售合同Purchase contract 买卖合同purchase confirmation 购买确认书implied contract 暗示合同Fixed Price Contract 固定价格合同Letter of Intent 意愿书countersign 会签Breach of contract 违约violation of contract 违约renewal of contract 合同续订Interpretation of contract 解释合同cash sale 现销bulk sale 大量出售distribution channel 分销渠道unfair competition 不公平竞争remittance 汇付collection 托收mail transfer 信汇demand draft 票汇negotiating bank 议付行sight L/C 即期信用证time or usance L/C远期信用证revocable and irrevocable L/C 可(不可)撤销信用证unconfirmed and confirmed L/C 不可(可)保兑信用证transferable and divisible 可转让(可分制)信用证L/C without recourse and with recourse 不可(可)追索信用证Documentary and clean L/C 跟单信用证光票信用证Anticipatory L/C and packing credit 预支信用证打包放款Revolving L/C 循环信用证expiry date 到期日download payment(earnest money)定金Blank endorsement 不记名背书bulk cargo 散装货物nude cargo裸妆货物shipping mark 唛头indicative mark 知识性标志warning mark 警告性标志packing clause 包装条款INSPECTION CERTIFICATE 验讫单inspection certificate of quality 质量检验证书commodity inspection 进出口商品检验legal inspection 法定检验original policy 保单原certificate of loss or damage货差(损)证明short-landed memo 短件说明单survey report 检验报告statement of claim会赔说明packing list 包装单customs clearance 清关stickers滞销货物freight to collect运费到付shipping order 装货单mate’s receipt 大副收据Shipping by chartering租船运输freight repaid 运费预付Heavy Lift Additional 超重附加费labor charges 劳务费用courier service 快递服务discrepancy and claim clause: 异议与索赔条款force majeure clause 不可抗力条款arbitration 仲裁Corporate chain 连锁店enterprise’s image 企业形象Chinese import and export commodities fair 广交会(这个还有其他很多说法)1. Chamber of commerce 商会2. Quotation 报盘/价3. Counter-offer 还盘4. Customs invoice 海关发票5. Open account terms 赊账方式6. Certificate of origin 原产地证7. Import quotas system 进口配额制8. Bill of exchange 汇票9. Promissory note 本票10. Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证1. Quantity Discount 数量折扣2. Proforma Invoice 形式发票3. Non-Tariff Barriers 非关税壁垒4. Sales Contract 销售合同5. Documentary Bill 跟单汇票6. Sight Draft 即期汇票7. Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证8. On Board B/L 已装船提单9. More or Less Clause 溢短装条款10. Insurance Policy 保险单1. Cash Discount 现金折扣2. Commercial Invoice 商业发票3. Import Licence System 进口许可证4. Sales Confirmation 销售确认书5. Commercial Draft 商业汇票6. Time Draft 远期汇票7. Collection 托收8. Clean B/L 清洁提单9. Warehouse to Warehouse Clause 仓至仓条款10. Insurance Certificate 保险凭证CFRCOST AND FREIGHT(…named port of destination)“Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pat the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occulting after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the CPT term should be used.CFRCOST AND FREIGHT 成本加运费(…指定目的港)“成本加运费”是指在装运港货物越过船舷卖方即完成交货。

国际贸易合同的专业术语及句型

国际贸易合同的专业术语及句型国际贸易合同的专业术语及句型近年来,随着全球化的推进和国际贸易的扩大,国际贸易合同的重要性日益凸显。

作为跨国贸易的核心文件,国际贸易合同不仅涉及各种法律条款和商业规定,还包含大量的专业术语和句型。

了解和正确运用这些术语和句型,对于参与国际贸易的各方来说意义重大。

本文将就国际贸易合同的专业术语及句型进行细致探讨,帮助读者全面、深刻地理解并正确运用这些术语。

一、合同术语:1. Offer(报盘): 在国际贸易合同中,报盘是指一方向另一方正式提出购买或售出商品的要约。

该术语常见于进出口贸易、采购和销售领域。

报盘应明确商品名称、数量、价格、交货条件等关键信息,以确保交易的准确性和合法性。

2. Acceptance(接受): 接受是指受益方对报盘方提供的合同表示同意的行为。

在国际贸易中,接受通常以书面形式表达,以确保双方达成一致并避免误解。

3. Terms and Conditions(条款和条件): 条款和条件是国际贸易合同的核心部分,详细规定了合同的权利和义务,包括但不限于商品描述、质量标准、价格、付款方式、交货时间和地点、保险责任等方面的内容。

4. Force Majeure(不可抗力): 不可抗力是指在合同签订后出现不能预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况,使得一方或双方无法履行合同约定的情况。

不可抗力常见的情况包括战争、自然灾害、政府行为等。

5. Arbitration(仲裁): 仲裁是解决合同纠纷的一种方式。

在国际贸易合同中,合同方通常会约定仲裁条款,以便在发生争议时选择公正、中立的第三方机构进行仲裁。

二、合同句型:1. “This contract is made and entered into by and between [Seller's Name] and [Buyer's Name] on [Date]”(本合同由【卖方名称】和【买方名称】于【日期】签订)本句型是国际贸易合同的开头常用语,用于明确合同参与方的身份和签订日期。

国际贸易基础理论知识

国际贸易基础理论知识一.常见术语集锦CI: 商业发票(commercial invoice)PL: 装箱单(packing list)CO: 原产地证明(certificate of origin)BL: 海运提单(bill of loading)SO: 装货单/装船命令(shipping order)CIQ: 中国出入境检验检疫局(China Inspection & Quarantine Bureau)SAFE: 外管局(State Administration of Foreign Exchange)L/C: 信用证(letter of credict )sellling offer 销售发盘buying offer 购买发盘firm offer 实盘non—firm offer 虚盘quote 报价offerer 报盘人offeree 受盘人validity 有效性applicant/ opener开证申请人issuing / opening bank开证银行advising bank通知行negotiating bank议付银行bill of exchange/draft 汇票promissoty note 本票check 支票issuanance 出票endorsement / endorse 背书presentment / present 提示discount 贴现accepatance 承兑payment 付款protest 拒付drawer出票人payee收款人payer/drawer 受票人instrument of payment支付工具dishonor and recourse 拒付和追索at maturity到期日the certificate of protest 拒付证书Notary Public 法定公证人profit and loss ratio in export出口盈亏率USP: 独特卖点(unique selling point)FPA: 平安险(free from,particular average) WPA:水渍险(with particular average)All risks:一切险additional risks附加险general additional risks 一般附加险special additional risks 特殊附加险remittace 汇付remitter汇款人(buyer)remitting bank 汇出行(buyer’s bank)paying bank汇入行(seller’s bank) payee /beneficiary收款人(seller)M/T : 信汇(mail transfer)T/T : 电汇(telegraphic transfer)D/D : 票汇(banker’s demand draft) drawer/principal 委托人drawee 受票人remitting bank 托收行collecting bank代收行collection 托收clean collection 光票托收documentary collection 跟单托收documentary against payment 付款交单documentary against acceptance 承兑交单doucument单证stipulation规定deposit 定金balance余额contents目录sample 样品catalogue产品目录bank guarantee银行保函insurance amount保险金额premium rate保险费率addition rate投保加成率insure r 保险人(指保险公司) warehouse仓库permises工厂retailer零售商supplier供应商manufacturer 制造商seller/exporter卖方/出口商buyer/inporter买方/进口商carrier 承运人stoc k 库存discrepancy不符点enclose随信附上by separate mail另邮by air mail航空邮寄negotiation 议付procure获得margin选品trade销量duty税收free免责claim索赔load 装货departure发货unload卸货arrival货到cost成本expenses 费用profit利润interest垫款利息premium保费trade terms贸易术语freight/carriage运费dead freight空仓费demurrage滞期费dispatch mone y 速遣费storage/warehousing charges仓储费custody fee 保管费packing charges 包装费port charges港杂费certification charges认证费insurance premium保险费inspection charges商检费banking charges银行费用freight charges出口运费operating charges业务费用inland transport charges国内运输费loading charges装船费unloading charges卸货费duties and taxes 捐税loading expenses装货港port of shipment装运港transportation contract 运输合同shippping line航运合同charterparty 租船合同passing point of risk风险转移点export clearance出口清关import clearance进口清关symbolic delivery象征性交货physical delivery 实际交货take delivery 提货,收货make payment支付export license 出口许可证inport license 进口许可证selling leads 销售需求buying leads购买需求customs declaration报关policy regulation政策条款lead time 装运期place of delivery交货地点named place 指定地点named place of destination 指定目的地main carriage unpaid主要运费未付main carriage paid主要运费已付named port of shipment 指定装运港named port of destination 指定目的港foreign exchange/currency外汇foreign exchange rate汇率urging/remiding the opening of L/C 催证open/issue an L/C 开证examning L/C 审证amending L/C 改证preparing goods for shipment 备货chartering a vessel 租船booking shipping/liner space 订舱shipping mark 装运标志shipping advice装运通知effecting insurance 投保/办理保险customs clearance 清关customs formalities海关手续going through customs formality办理海关inspection application to CIQ 报检applying for commodity inspection 报检making documents for settlement of foreign exchange制单结汇making document for bank negotiation制单结汇means of transport 运输方式all and inland waterway transport multimodal 任何运输方式包括多式联运sea and inland waterway transport only 仅限水上运输commission佣金plain commission明佣secert commission暗佣buying rate 买入价selling rate 卖出价bulk cargo散装货nude cargo裸装货selling packing销售包装transport packing运输包装liner transport班轮运输charter transport租船运输voyage charter程租船time charter 期租船bareboat charter 光船租船lay days 许可装卸期限free in and out卸船费船方负责cubic mete r 立方米basic freight rate 基本费用surcharge s 附加费用tare皮重net weigh t 净重gross weigh t 毛重metric ton 公吨weight ton运费吨measurement ton尺码吨W/M or Ad Val重量吨,尺码吨或从价计费二.出口贸易流程1. Preparation for export 出口前准备国际贸易市场调查(market research)生产货源可行性研究(feasibility research)制定出口计划(formulate export plans)准备商品与注明商标(preparing commodity register trade mark)2. Business Negotiation 交易磋商与合同签订a)询盘Inquiry/Enquiry b)发盘Offerc)还盘counter offer d)接受acceptance1)To apply for export license 申请出口信用证2)Reminding, Examing and Amending L/C 催/审/改证3)Preparing goods for shipment 备货4)Chartering and booking shipping space 租船订舱5)Applying for commodity inspection 报检6)Effecting insurance 办理保险7)Going through customs formality 报关8)Sending the shipping advice to the buyer 发通知给买家9)Preparing documents for bank negotiation 制单结汇10)Verification & export tax rebate declaration 核销退税◆Conciliation 调解◆Arbitration 仲裁◆Litigation 诉讼三.进口贸易流程3. Implematation of contract 合同履行 2. Business Negotiation 交易磋商enquiry 询盘 offer 发盘 counter offer 还盘 acceptance 接受四. 11大贸易术语EXW 工厂交货 (Ex Works) FCA 货交承运人 (Free Carrier)FAS 装运港船边交货 (Free Alongside Ship) FOB 装运港船上交货 (Free On Board) CFR 成本加运费 (Cost and FReight)CIF 成本,保险加运费 (Cost, Insurance and Freight) CPT 运费付至…… (Carriage Paid To)CIP 运保费付至…… (Carriage and Insurance Paid to) DAT 终点站交货 (Delivered At Terminal) DAP 指定地点交货 (Delivered At Place)DDP 完税后交货 (Delivered Duty Paid )1. Preparation for import 进口前准备●To formulate import plan for a certain commodity ●To comduct market investigation ●To apply for,the,import license贸易术语之间的联系:CIF=FOB+I+FCFR=CIF-F贸易术语FOB的变形:五.价格条款的中文表述1)组成部分:一般是由计量单位,单位价格金额,计量货币名称和贸易术语组成货币缩写:六.佣金●价格条款的佣金表达①USD 1000 per M/T CFR Seattle including 2% commission.②USD 1000 per M/T CFRC 2% Seattle.③USD 1000 per M/T CFRC2 Seattle.●计算佣金额=含佣价×佣金率(Commission=C-inclusive price ×Commission rate)净价=含佣价-佣金额=含佣价×(1-佣金率)Net price=C-inclusive price-Commission=C-inclusive price ×(1-Commission rate)含佣价=净价÷(1-佣金率)C-inclusive price=Net price ÷(1-Commission rate)。

offer在国际贸易中的意思

offer在国际贸易中的意思
offer在国际贸易中的意思是指一方向另一方提出的商品或服务的供应意向。

在国际贸易中,offer通常是以书面形式提交,被视为一种法律文件,具有法律效力。

offer的目的是向对方明确表示自己愿意提供的商品或服务的详细内容和条件,为后续的谈判和合同签订奠定基础。

在国际贸易中,一个有效的offer需要具备一些特定的要素。

首先,offer必须是明确和具体的,以便对方能够清楚地了解提供的商品或服务的细节和要求。

其次,offer必须是明确的时间段内有效的,通常有一个截止日期。

一旦offer在截止日期之前被接受,它就成为一个合同。

另外,一个有效的offer必须是真实和具有可接受性的。

这意味着提供的商品或服务必须符合国际贸易的法律法规,同时也要满足市场的需求和标准。

offer的价格也是一个重要的因素,通常需要根据市场情况和竞争对手的价格来确定。

在国际贸易谈判中,offer往往是双方进行商业合作的起点。

一方提交offer后,另一方可以选择接受、拒绝或者提出对offer进行修改的要求。

如果offer被接受,双方将进入进一步的合同谈判阶段,最终签订正式的合同。

总之,offer在国际贸易中是指一方向另一方提出的商品或服务的供应意向。

它是国际贸易谈判和合同签订的基础,因此在国际贸易中具有重要的意义和作用。

合理、明确和具有可接受性的offer有助于促成双方的商业合作,推动国际贸易
的发展。

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Counter-offer
1. Thank the seller for his offer or quotation. 2. Express regret at inability to accept the sellers’ offer or quotation. 3. Make a bid or counter-offer if it is appropriate. 4. Suggest other opportunity to do business together.
5. Favorable comments on the goods being offered. 6. A supplementary short paragraph to draw the customer’s attention to the other products available for supply. 7. An expression of hope that the offer will be accepted.
A satisfactory offer will include e following:
1. An expression of thanks for the enquiry, if any. 2. A statement or clear indication of what the prices cover, e.g. freight, insurance and commission. 3. An undertaking as to the date of delivery or time of shipment. 4. The period for which the offer is valid.
4. We make you the following offer /without obligation/engagement.不受约束 发盘 /subject to our final confirmation.以我方最 后确认为有效 /subject to change without notice.价格如有 变动不另行通知.
Useful expressions for making a non-firm offer:
1. We make you the following offer subject to goods being unsold. 2. We make you the following offer subject to your acceptance/confirmation/reply reaching us/here by/before/not later than --3. Please note that the above offer remains valid/effective/firm/good/open till---/for 7 days starting from---to---
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