高中英语必修一unit2课文翻译和讲解.ppt

At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很大的变化：先是塞缪 尔·约翰逊编写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚·韦伯斯特 出版了《美国英语词典》。后者使得美式英语的拼写 有了其独特的个性。
Reading
The Road To Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.
在16世纪末，大约有五至七百万人讲英语。
Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. 几乎所有这些讲英语的人都住在英格兰。在其后的一 个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他 一些地方，结果世界的其他地方的人们也开始说英语了。
were taken to Australia too. English began to
be spoken in both countries. 1620年一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了18 世纪的时候，一些英国人还被带到了澳大利亚。 英语也就开始在这两个国家使用。
Finally by the 19th century the lang世纪的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。
So why has English changed over time? 那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢?
Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. 实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言 都会有所发展和变化。 At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 开始，英格兰人在大约公元450年到1150年之间所说的 英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。
These new settlers enriched the English
language and especially its vocabulary. 这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了 英语词汇。 So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make
use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以到17世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比 以往任何时候都丰富的词汇。
In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.
Later in the 18th century some British people
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. 现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语或第二语言使用。
For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 比如，印度就有很多人说英语说得很流利，因为在 1765年到1947年之间英国统治着印度。
It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的 Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became lesslike German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French. 后来，大约在公元800年至1150年之间，英语慢慢变 得不那么像德语，因为统治英格兰的那些人开始是 说丹麦语，后来说法语。
Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before.
今天，把英语作为自己的第一语言、第二语言 或外语来使用的人比以往任何时候都多。
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语， 他们也能彼此听懂。请看看这个例子：
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.
英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗? 美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。