初中英语语法-构词法(PPT27张)
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无法阻挡
Stop v 阻止
• Godlike God+ like
横扫千军
• Double kill kill v n 杀死
双杀
-able
合成 --- unit1
构
词 派生 --- unit2
法
转化 --- unit2
合成词
合成词：由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词。 考点：最常见的有合成名词、合成形容词、合成代词等。
Friday，9 a.m.to 6 p.m. 4．He wants to be a computer _e_n_g_i_n_e_er_ (工程师) in the future. 5．Money can't buy h_a_p__p_in_e_s_s(幸福)．
二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6．(中考·淮安)Emily's mother didn't allow her to watch
构词法
Lead-in
Whiteboard= white+board
Safeguard=safe+guard
Sorry! The subscriber you dialed is busy
now, please redial later.
-er …人 re- 又，再
• Unstoppable Un-
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子 1．(中考·凉山) The children were all __e_x_ci_t_e_d_ (激动)
because of the games. 2．(中考·新疆)Mark does his homework_c_a_r_e_fu_l_ly_ (认真地)
every day. 3．The school library is ___o_p_e_n__ (开放的) from Monday to
A．合成名词 1 week 2play 3sun 4head 5 basket
A-ground B-end C-ache D set E-ball
basketball sunset playground weekend headache 1．Yao Ming is a great _b_a_s_k_e_t_b_a_l_l __ player. 2．The days are getting longer. The _s_u_n_s_e_t ____
today is five minutes later than yesterday. 3．The students like to play on thep_la_y_g_r_o_u_n_d____.
They have fun there. 4．What does he often do on _w_e_e_k_e_n_d_s____? 5．Don't be afraid—you have probably got a
sunny
safely
player
successful eastern
课本30页12题
典例 —What was Linda doing at that time? —Oh，she was going for a _w__a_lk___. (walk)(南宁)
【点拨】句意：——琳达那个时间在做什么？——哦，她 在散步。考查词的转化。采用转化法。walk作动词时是“走 路”的意思，此句中应用名词walk“散步”。
【点拨】第一空应填600 words，第二空修饰名词 passage， 应用形容词，“数词＋名词”可构成形容词，中间用连字 符连接，而且名词用单数形式。
考点 3【重点】 合成代词 考向一 反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 eg: The boy teaches himself English.
考点 1
合成名词 名词＋名词：weekend周末； 名词＋动词：sunset日落； 名词＋动名词：handwriting书法 动词＋名词：playground操场； 动名词＋名词：reading room阅览室
形容词＋名词：blackboard黑板； 副词＋动词：outbreak爆发； 介词＋名词：afternoon下午 eg：My father’s handwriting is very good.
my some them no any
body self time selves thing 11．Welcome to my home. You can come _a_n_y_t_im__e_. 12．I am so sad. I want to be __m__y_s_e_lf__. 13．Lily and Lucy helped ___th_e_m__s_e_lv_e_s_ to the delicious
usual , win, polite, east, invent
14．We should always speak __p_o_li_t_el_y_to our parents.
【点拨】句意：我们应该总是有礼貌地跟我们的父母说话。 polite是一个形容词，意思是“有礼貌的”，在句中可以作 表语或定语。根据句意可知，这里修饰动词speak，故应该 用副词形式，即politely。
___h_e_a_d_a_c_h_e____.
B．合成形容词
1 man 2 snow 3English 4one 5five
away bspeaking cmade dwhite eseat 6．Do you want to buy a ____o_n_e_-w__a_y______ ticket? 7．The __fi_v_e_s_e_a_t ____ car is mine. 8．New Zealand is an _E_n__g_li_sh__sp_e_a_k_i_n_g__country. 9．The little bike is a ___m_a_n_-_m__a_d_e__ model bike. 10．I love this ____s_n_o_w_w__h_it_e____ rabbit.
eg: England is an Englishspeaking country. 英国是一个讲英语的国家。
典例 —What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ____C____in English. —You can write ________ passage in English？ A. 600 words；a 600words B．600word；a 600words C．600 words；a 600word D．600words；a 600words
her favourite programme Running Man and it made her _u_n_h_a_p_p_y_ (happy)． 7．Messi is an excellent football __p_la_y_e_r__ (play)． 8．(中考·贵阳) It is __im__p_o_s_s_ib_l_e_ (possible) for me to do too many things in two days. Can you help me? 9．It was _a_m__a_z_in_g_ (amaze) that the man could ride the bicycle backwards. 10．Students should answer questions loudly and
书法，书写
They often go shopping at the weekend. 。
考点 2 合成形容词
名词＋形容词：snowwhite雪白的； 名词＋现在分词：Englishspeaking 讲英语的 名词＋to＋名词：facetoface面对面的； 名词＋过去分词：manmade人造的 数词＋名词： oneway单行的； 数词＋名词＋形容词：twoyearold两岁的 副词＋过去分词：well-known著名的 副词＋动名词：hardworking勤劳的 副词＋名词：out-door户外的
__c_le_a_r_l_y_ (clear) in class.
三、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空 usual , win, polite, east, invent
11．(中考·嘉兴) The world changed faster after the _in_v_e_n_t_io_n_ of the computer.
many water festivals around the world.
A．everyone
B．nobody
C．somebody
D．something
【点拨】考查不定代词辨析。句意：水对于________是重 要的，因此全世界有许多水节。由句意可知水对于每个人 都很重要。
A A
B
即学即练
一、根据所学的构词法知识，通过连线将下列单词组成合 成词，然后用其适当形式完成句子
The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing
in___C___来自百度文库 is very important.
A．themselves
B．itself
C．ourselves
D．yourselves
考向二 复合不定代词
典例
Water is important to ____A____, so there are
food at the party. 14．Mr.Green is new there, so _n__o_b_o_d_y_ knows him. 15．Give me __so_m__e_t_h_in_g__ to eat. I am hungry.
二派生法 所谓派生，即在原词上加前缀或后缀构成另一
12．Linda is the big __w_i_n_n_e_r_of the car race.
【点拨】句意：琳达是这次汽车比赛的大赢家。win是一个 动意思是“赢，胜利”。根据这句话的意思可知，这里是 说Linda是个大赢家，故应该用它的名词形式，即winner。
13．Do you know about the _e_a_s_te_r_n__ culture?
个与原意略有不同或截然相反的词。
后缀
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：
er ， or， ist， ness， ment，
tion，ess，ing等。
eg：illness疾病；
government政府；
actress女演员； meeting会议
(2)构成形容词的后缀常用的有：
ful，less，able，ous，y 等。
eg：helpful有用的；
cloudy 多云的；
enjoyable令人愉快的； dangerous危险的；
careless 粗心的
(3)构成副词的后缀，常用的有：ly。
eg：slow—slowly 缓慢地；
easy—easily容易地
考向二 前缀
前缀一般不造成词性的转变，而只引起意思上的变化，前缀 中有相当一部分可构成反义词，常用的有un， dis， im等。 eg：unhappy不高兴的；
15．It is _u__su_a_l_l_y_ very crowded(拥挤的) here.
【点拨】句意：这儿通常很拥挤。这里需要用表示频率的 词usually。
dislike不喜欢； impossible 不可能的。
考点 2 转化法 常见的有名词转化为动词，形容词转化为动词。 (1)名词转化为动词 eg: water 水→water浇水 plant 植物→plant种植 (2)形容词转化为动词 eg：cool 凉爽的→cool使变凉、冷却 dry 干燥的→ dry使变干 (3)动词转化为名词 eg: look 看；瞧→look 看；瞧 swim 游泳→swim 游泳
Stop v 阻止
• Godlike God+ like
横扫千军
• Double kill kill v n 杀死
双杀
-able
合成 --- unit1
构
词 派生 --- unit2
法
转化 --- unit2
合成词
合成词：由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词。 考点：最常见的有合成名词、合成形容词、合成代词等。
Friday，9 a.m.to 6 p.m. 4．He wants to be a computer _e_n_g_i_n_e_er_ (工程师) in the future. 5．Money can't buy h_a_p__p_in_e_s_s(幸福)．
二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6．(中考·淮安)Emily's mother didn't allow her to watch
构词法
Lead-in
Whiteboard= white+board
Safeguard=safe+guard
Sorry! The subscriber you dialed is busy
now, please redial later.
-er …人 re- 又，再
• Unstoppable Un-
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子 1．(中考·凉山) The children were all __e_x_ci_t_e_d_ (激动)
because of the games. 2．(中考·新疆)Mark does his homework_c_a_r_e_fu_l_ly_ (认真地)
every day. 3．The school library is ___o_p_e_n__ (开放的) from Monday to
A．合成名词 1 week 2play 3sun 4head 5 basket
A-ground B-end C-ache D set E-ball
basketball sunset playground weekend headache 1．Yao Ming is a great _b_a_s_k_e_t_b_a_l_l __ player. 2．The days are getting longer. The _s_u_n_s_e_t ____
today is five minutes later than yesterday. 3．The students like to play on thep_la_y_g_r_o_u_n_d____.
They have fun there. 4．What does he often do on _w_e_e_k_e_n_d_s____? 5．Don't be afraid—you have probably got a
sunny
safely
player
successful eastern
课本30页12题
典例 —What was Linda doing at that time? —Oh，she was going for a _w__a_lk___. (walk)(南宁)
【点拨】句意：——琳达那个时间在做什么？——哦，她 在散步。考查词的转化。采用转化法。walk作动词时是“走 路”的意思，此句中应用名词walk“散步”。
【点拨】第一空应填600 words，第二空修饰名词 passage， 应用形容词，“数词＋名词”可构成形容词，中间用连字 符连接，而且名词用单数形式。
考点 3【重点】 合成代词 考向一 反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 eg: The boy teaches himself English.
考点 1
合成名词 名词＋名词：weekend周末； 名词＋动词：sunset日落； 名词＋动名词：handwriting书法 动词＋名词：playground操场； 动名词＋名词：reading room阅览室
形容词＋名词：blackboard黑板； 副词＋动词：outbreak爆发； 介词＋名词：afternoon下午 eg：My father’s handwriting is very good.
my some them no any
body self time selves thing 11．Welcome to my home. You can come _a_n_y_t_im__e_. 12．I am so sad. I want to be __m__y_s_e_lf__. 13．Lily and Lucy helped ___th_e_m__s_e_lv_e_s_ to the delicious
usual , win, polite, east, invent
14．We should always speak __p_o_li_t_el_y_to our parents.
【点拨】句意：我们应该总是有礼貌地跟我们的父母说话。 polite是一个形容词，意思是“有礼貌的”，在句中可以作 表语或定语。根据句意可知，这里修饰动词speak，故应该 用副词形式，即politely。
___h_e_a_d_a_c_h_e____.
B．合成形容词
1 man 2 snow 3English 4one 5five
away bspeaking cmade dwhite eseat 6．Do you want to buy a ____o_n_e_-w__a_y______ ticket? 7．The __fi_v_e_s_e_a_t ____ car is mine. 8．New Zealand is an _E_n__g_li_sh__sp_e_a_k_i_n_g__country. 9．The little bike is a ___m_a_n_-_m__a_d_e__ model bike. 10．I love this ____s_n_o_w_w__h_it_e____ rabbit.
eg: England is an Englishspeaking country. 英国是一个讲英语的国家。
典例 —What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ____C____in English. —You can write ________ passage in English？ A. 600 words；a 600words B．600word；a 600words C．600 words；a 600word D．600words；a 600words
her favourite programme Running Man and it made her _u_n_h_a_p_p_y_ (happy)． 7．Messi is an excellent football __p_la_y_e_r__ (play)． 8．(中考·贵阳) It is __im__p_o_s_s_ib_l_e_ (possible) for me to do too many things in two days. Can you help me? 9．It was _a_m__a_z_in_g_ (amaze) that the man could ride the bicycle backwards. 10．Students should answer questions loudly and
书法，书写
They often go shopping at the weekend. 。
考点 2 合成形容词
名词＋形容词：snowwhite雪白的； 名词＋现在分词：Englishspeaking 讲英语的 名词＋to＋名词：facetoface面对面的； 名词＋过去分词：manmade人造的 数词＋名词： oneway单行的； 数词＋名词＋形容词：twoyearold两岁的 副词＋过去分词：well-known著名的 副词＋动名词：hardworking勤劳的 副词＋名词：out-door户外的
__c_le_a_r_l_y_ (clear) in class.
三、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空 usual , win, polite, east, invent
11．(中考·嘉兴) The world changed faster after the _in_v_e_n_t_io_n_ of the computer.
many water festivals around the world.
A．everyone
B．nobody
C．somebody
D．something
【点拨】考查不定代词辨析。句意：水对于________是重 要的，因此全世界有许多水节。由句意可知水对于每个人 都很重要。
A A
B
即学即练
一、根据所学的构词法知识，通过连线将下列单词组成合 成词，然后用其适当形式完成句子
The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing
in___C___来自百度文库 is very important.
A．themselves
B．itself
C．ourselves
D．yourselves
考向二 复合不定代词
典例
Water is important to ____A____, so there are
food at the party. 14．Mr.Green is new there, so _n__o_b_o_d_y_ knows him. 15．Give me __so_m__e_t_h_in_g__ to eat. I am hungry.
二派生法 所谓派生，即在原词上加前缀或后缀构成另一
12．Linda is the big __w_i_n_n_e_r_of the car race.
【点拨】句意：琳达是这次汽车比赛的大赢家。win是一个 动意思是“赢，胜利”。根据这句话的意思可知，这里是 说Linda是个大赢家，故应该用它的名词形式，即winner。
13．Do you know about the _e_a_s_te_r_n__ culture?
个与原意略有不同或截然相反的词。
后缀
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：
er ， or， ist， ness， ment，
tion，ess，ing等。
eg：illness疾病；
government政府；
actress女演员； meeting会议
(2)构成形容词的后缀常用的有：
ful，less，able，ous，y 等。
eg：helpful有用的；
cloudy 多云的；
enjoyable令人愉快的； dangerous危险的；
careless 粗心的
(3)构成副词的后缀，常用的有：ly。
eg：slow—slowly 缓慢地；
easy—easily容易地
考向二 前缀
前缀一般不造成词性的转变，而只引起意思上的变化，前缀 中有相当一部分可构成反义词，常用的有un， dis， im等。 eg：unhappy不高兴的；
15．It is _u__su_a_l_l_y_ very crowded(拥挤的) here.
【点拨】句意：这儿通常很拥挤。这里需要用表示频率的 词usually。
dislike不喜欢； impossible 不可能的。
考点 2 转化法 常见的有名词转化为动词，形容词转化为动词。 (1)名词转化为动词 eg: water 水→water浇水 plant 植物→plant种植 (2)形容词转化为动词 eg：cool 凉爽的→cool使变凉、冷却 dry 干燥的→ dry使变干 (3)动词转化为名词 eg: look 看；瞧→look 看；瞧 swim 游泳→swim 游泳