2019新人教版高中英语选择性必修三unit1课文及翻译(英汉对照)
新人教版高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译Unit1 Reading and ThinkingA SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING西方绘画艺术简史What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。
由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。
也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)中世纪(5世纪到15世纪)During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。
他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。
这种情况在13世纪时因乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267-1337)而开始改变。
尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实人物。
尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)文艺复兴时期(14世纪到17世纪)New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519, Michelangelo(1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。
因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。
他们开始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401-1428)对透视法的运用。
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多达芬·奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow andlight.另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。
由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格，一些最好的油画看上去就像是照片。
尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.在题材上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。
国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的准确照片。
其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。
最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionis emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scenethe subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed record of the scene itself.直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。
在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌了。
因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。
由此，印象派在法国应运而生。
这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德·莫奈(1840-196)的一幅名为《印象日出》的画作。
在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动一场景给他的主观印象一一而不是场景本身的详细记录。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿(1841-1919年)则以人物为关注对象。
雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充满了光、影、色彩和生命。
他不仅试图展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)现代艺术(20世纪至今)After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next?" Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question, "What is art?在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问不一步我们该做什么?”像毕加索(1881-1973)这样的画家试图用一种新的方法立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状。
2019新人教版高二英语选择性必修三Unit 1课文及翻译
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOWThe Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, "from Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages." Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.中国古代艺术展览里奇菲尔德美术博物馆很荣幸为您介绍我们的新展览——“从商朝到清朝：历代中国艺术”。
加入我们一起来探索来自中央王国（即中国，译者注）具有3,000 多年历史的美妙艺术。
从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国古代的艺术天分。
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin (1470-1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.本次展览的亮点是唐寅(1470—1524) 的杰作之一—《函关雪霁图》。
最新2019新人教版高一英语必修三-全部课文(-英汉对照)
2019新人教版高一英语必修三全部课文( 英汉对照)Unit 1 Festivals and CelebrationsWHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS我们为什么庆祝节日？Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.世界各地都庆祝各种节日。
节日的由来五花八门，比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
每个节日都有其不同的习俗和独特的魅力。
然而，无论它们多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可见于每一种文化之中。
全册人教版高中英语必修三课文逐句翻译(全册 共27页)
全册人教版高中英语必修三课文逐句翻译Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。
Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weathe r, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。
Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。
At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。
Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。
Festivals of the Dead亡灵节Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return eithe r to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
2019新人教版高中英语选择性必修三unit1课文及翻译(英汉对照)
2019新人教版高中英语选择性必修三unit1课文及翻译(英汉对照)During the Middle Ages。
XXX and was often created for XXX。
The artists of this d used a style called Byzantine。
which featured flat。
nal figures with XXX。
as the Middle Ages progressed。
XXX naturalistic style。
with artists like XXX.在中世纪时期，西方绘画主要关注宗教主题，通常是为教堂和大教堂创作的。
这个时期的艺术家使用了一种称为拜占庭的风格，其中包括扁平的二维人物形象，大眼睛和风格化的姿势。
然而，随着中世纪的进展，西方艺术开始向更加自然主义的风格转变，如XXX和XXX创作了更加真实的人物和风景描绘。
The Renaissance (14th to 17th century)文艺复兴(14世纪到17世纪)The Renaissance was a d of great artistic and cultural changein Western Europe。
During this time。
XXX。
XXX。
Some ofthe most famous artists of the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci。
Michelangelo。
and Raphael。
These artists created works that were characterized by their n to detail。
use of perspective。
and realistic ns of the human form.文艺复兴是西欧一个伟大的艺术和文化变革时期。
在这个时期，艺术家开始探索新的技术和风格，导致对古典艺术和文化的重新关注。
(2019版)人教选择性必修第三册全册单词中英文对照
（2019版）选择性必修第三册单词UNIT 1 ARTprecise /pr i' sa i s/ adj.准确的；精确的precisely/pr i'sa i sli/ adv .准确地；精确地；的确如此Christianity /.kr i sti'sn s ti/ 儿基督教realistic/ ,ri:s' l i st i k / adj.现实的；逼真的realism /'rio l i z s m / n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风realist /'rio l i st/ n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者primitive/'pr i m s t i v/ adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）two-dimensional /,tu: dai'men S nl / adj.二维的dimension/da i' men j n /n.维；规模；范围in particular 尤其；特别set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于...humanistic /,hju:ms'n i st i k/ adj.人文主义的humanity /hju:'m^n3ti/ n.人性；人道；（统称）人类breakthrough /'bre ikOru:/ n.重大进展；突破influential /.i nflu'en j l/ adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的reputation /, repju' te i^n/ n.名誉；名声noble /'n so bl/ n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的rank /侬林/ n.地位；级别；行列v%. & vi.把分等级；使排成行purchase/'p3：tjb s/ vt .购买；采购n.购买；购买的东西mythology /m i'OD l s d j i/ n.神话；虚幻的想法client /'kla is nt/ n.委托人；当事人；客户photography /f s' t Dgrs fi/ n.照相术；摄影emerge /i' m3：d§/ vi & vt .出现；浮现；暴露sunrise /' s A nra i z/ n.日出convey /k s n've i/ vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送subjective /s s b'd j ekt i v/ adj.主观的outer /'a u t s（r）/ adj.外表的；外边的；外围的subsequent/' s A bs i kw s nt/ ad：随后的；后来的；之后的fond /f n nd/ adj.喜爱be fond of喜爱;喜欢fine art （also fine arts）美术（尤其绘画和雕塑）sculpture /' sk A lpt Jb（r）/ n.雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术sculptor /'skA lpt o（r）/ n.雕刻家；雕塑家visual /' v is u a l/ adj.视觉的；视力的water lily /'l i li/ n.睡莲pond /p n nd/ n.池塘；水池arched /a:tf t/ adj.拱形的；弓形的arch /a:中蚀.&沅.呈弧形横跨；（使）成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门investment /i n'vestm a nt/ n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入Bride /bra i d/ n.新娘Permanent /'p3：mo n0nt/ adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的memorial /m o'm oiio l/ n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的humble /'h A mbl/ adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的criticise [NAmE -ize] /'kr i t i sa i z/ vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价criticism /'kr i t i s i z s m/ n.批评；指责；评论representative /, repr i' zent o t i v/ adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表ink/igk/ n.墨水；墨汁；油墨animation /,sn i'me ij n/ n.（电脑、录像）动画制作；动画片frame /fre i m/ n.画面；框架vt.给 ... 镶框；陷害symphony /' s i mf o ni/ n.交响乐；交响曲decline /d i'kla i n/ n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落vi .&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝exhibition /.eks i'bijn/ n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演bronze /br n nz/ n.青铜；深红褐色adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的ceramic/s o'而m i k/ n.陶瓷制品；制陶艺术vase /v a:z; NAmE ve i s;ve i z/ n.花瓶；装饰瓶artistic /a:'ti st i k/ adj.艺术的；艺术家的civil /'s i vl/时•.国民的；民用的；民事的recognition/jek og'nijh/ n.承认；认出；赞誉Buddhist /'b u d i st/ q的.佛教的n.佛教徒Buddhism /'b u d i z o m/ n.佛教expansion / i k' sp田n Jn/ n.扩张；扩展；扩大bring ... to life赋予.... 生命；使... 鲜活起来guarantee /.g^rs n'ti:/ vt.保证；确保；肯定.... 必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物contemporary /k s n'tempr s ri/ q的.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人worthy /' W3：6i/ adj.值得.......... 的；有价值的be worthy of 值得UNIT 2tobacco /t o' b田k ou/ n.烟草；烟叶alcohol /对k o h D l/ n.酒；酒精abuse /o'bju:s/ n.滥用；虐待；辱骂/o'bju:z/vt .滥用；虐待；辱骂physical /'fi z i kl/ ad：身体的；客观存在的；物理学的dominate /'dn m i ne i t/ vt. & vi.支配；控制；占有优势repeatedly /r i'pi:ti dli/ adv.重复地psychology/sa i'k D l o d j i/儿心理学；心理；心理影响cue /kju:/ n.提示；暗示；信号vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）in response to 回答；答复reward /r i' w o:d/ n.回报；奖励；报酬vt .奖励；奖赏；给以报酬rely/r i'la i/vi.依赖；依靠；信赖rely on依赖；依靠；信赖facilitate /f o's i l i te i t/ vt. 促进；促使；使便利examine /ig'z田m i n/ vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验negative /'negotiv/ ad•.消极的；有害的；否定的escalator /'esko le i t0（r）/ 儿自动扶梯；滚梯straight away 立即；马上pessimistic /,pes i'm i st i k/ q的.悲观的；悲观主义的discipline /'di s o pl i n/九自制力；纪律；学科vt .自我控制；管教；处罚pill /p i l/ n.药丸；药片delete /d i'li:t/ v.删去；删除decide on 决定；选定make up one’s mind 下定决心compose /k sm'psu z/ vt. & vi.组成；作曲；撰写be composed of由.... 组成（或构成）的surgeon /'s3：d33n/ n.夕卜科医生surgery/'s3：d3o ri/ n.外科手术；外科学liberation /.li b s' re i^n/ n.解放；摆脱shave /J e i v/ vi., vt .& n.剃（须发）；刮脸shave off剃掉；刮去beard /b is d/ n.胡须；络腮胡子disturb /d i'st3：b/ vt .打扰；搅乱；使烦恼cigarette /.sigs'ret/ n.香烟；卷烟specialist /'spe jb l i st/ n.专科医生；专家consultant /k sn'sA lt s nt/ n.顾问；高级顾问医师d r ug /dr Ag/ n.毒品；药物skip /sk i p/ vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n.蹦跳dizzy /'d i zi/ adj.头晕目眩的flu /flu:/ n.流感stimulate /' st i mjule i t/ vt .激发；促进；刺激dentist /'dent i st / n.牙科医生nut /n A t/儿坚果skateboard /'skei tb od/ 九滑板沅.滑滑板dynamic /da i'n田m i k/ q力•.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的stressed out焦虑不安；疲惫不堪worn out筋疲力尽的；心力交瘁bowling / 'b su l ig/ n.保龄球运动comedy /'kn m s di/ n.喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目monthly/'mAnOli/ adv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n.月刊enhance /in'ha:ns; NAmE -'h^ns/ vt.提高；增强；增进refresh /r i'fre f/ vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新absorb /ob's:b/ vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收UNIT 3graph /gra:f/ n.图；图表；曲线图emission /i'mif n/ n.排放物；散发物；排放melt /melt/ vi. & vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化starve /st a:v/ vi. & vt.（使）挨饿；饿死seal /si:l/ n.海豹ecology/i'kD l o d j i/ n.生态；生态学release /r i'li:s/ vt. & n.排放；释放；发布methane /'mi:Oei n/ n.甲烷；沼气carbon /'ka:bon/ n.碳dioxide /da i'n ksa i d/ n.二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳habitable /'hybi t o bl/ adj.适合居住的sustain /s o'ste i n/ vt.维持；遭受；承受住sustainable /s o'ste i n o bl/ adj.可持续的；合理利用的fuel /'fjuo l/ n.燃料；刺激性言行fossil fuel化石燃料（如煤或石油）comprehensive /.kn mpn'hens i v/ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的worldwide /'w3：ldwai d/ adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的trend /trend/ n.趋势；趋向；动向frequently /'fri:kws ntli/ adv.频繁地；经常broadcast /'bro:dka:st/ vt. & vi.（broadcast, broadcast ）播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目policy/'pD l o si/ n.政策；方针；原则footprint /'fu tpr i nt/ n.足迹;（某物所占的）空间量；面积restrict /r i'str i kt/ vt.限制，限定；束缚restriction /r i'stnk f n/ n.限制规定；限制法规；约束seize /si:z/ vt.抓住；夺取；控制basin /'bei sn/ n.流域；盆地；盆penguin /'peqgwin/ n.企鹅reform /r i'f o:m/ vi. & vt.改革；（使）改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良undergo /.A nd s'gsu/ vt.（underwent, undergone ）经历；经受（变化、不快等）implement / 'implimsnt/ W. 使生效；贯彻；执行harmonious /h ai'mounios/ adj.和谐的moderate /'mn d s r s t/ adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi. & vt.缓和；使适中submit /s sb'mi t/ vt. & vi.提交；呈递；屈服annual /'^njus l/ adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴tropical /'tro p i kl/ adj.热带的；来自热带的chaos /'kero s/ n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱on behalf /b i'h a:f/ of 代表（代替）某人nuclear /'nju:klio（r）/ adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的sensitive /'senso t i v/ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的jungle /'djAqgl/ n.（热带）丛林；密林smog /sm ng/ n.烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物）originate /o'r i d si ne i t/ vi. & vt.起源；发源；创立volume /'vDlju:m/ n.量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷garbage /'ga:bid3/ n.垃圾；废物enterprise /'ento pra i z/ n.公司；企业；事业restore /r i'st o:（r）/vt.恢复；使复原；修复conservation /.kn ns s'veijn/ n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持dozen /'dA zn/ n.（一）打；十二个dozens of许多；很多regulation /.regju'leijn/ n.章程；规章制度disposal /d i'sp su zl/ n.去掉；清除；处理inspection /in'spek n/ n.检查；查看；视察fine /fa i n/ vt.对……处以罚款campaign /k^m'pei n/ n.运动；战役vi. & vt.参加运动；领导运动wat erway /'wo:to we i/ n.水道；航道tolerate /'tn l s re i t/ vt.忍受；包容；容许agenda /o'd j end o/ n.议程表；议事日程UNIT 4adversity / od'v3：so ti /n.困境；逆境wage / we i d3 / n.工资bitter/ 'bi t o（r）/时•.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的expedition /.ekspo'd ij n / n.探险；远征；探险队endurance / in'djuo r o ns / n.忍耐力；耐久力vigour （NAmE vigor） / 'vigo（r） / n.精力；力量；活力turn sb. down 拒绝（某人）qualified /'kwn l i fa i d /q的.符合资格；具备.. 的知识（或技能、学历等）enthusiastic / in,0ju:zi'^sti k / adj.热情的；热心的aboard / o'b o:d / adv.& prep .上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）cupboard/'kA b o d /n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜assign /o'sa i n / vt .分派；布置；分配steward /'stju：3d /儿（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员envy /'envi / n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌crush/ kr Af / vt .毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群sink / s igk / vi.（sank / s^gk / or sunk / sAgk /, sunk）沉没;下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没abandon/ o'b田nd 0n / vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃stove / st oo v / n.炉具；厨房灶具blanket /'bl^gki t / n.毯子belongings/ b i'l ngigz /n. [pl.]财物；动产banjo /'byndjoo /n.班卓琴（乐器）miserable /'mi zr0bl / q的.痛苦的；令人难受的voyage/ 'voii d j /n.&vi.航海；航行navy / 'nei vi / n.海军；海军部队decent / 'di:snt /q的.相当不错的；正派的；得体的cosy / 'koo zi / q的.温馨的；舒适的selfi sh/'selfj / adj.自私的good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的genuine/'dj enju i n / adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的perseverance / ,p3：so'v10r0ns / n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere / ,p3：si'v io（r） / vi.坚持；孜孜以求resolve / r i'z n lv / vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）儿决心；坚定的信念resolution/ ,rez0'lu:Jn /n.决议；解决；坚定crew /kru:/ n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人cruel/'kru：0l /adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的thorough/ '0A r o / adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的furniture /'f3：ni t f0（r） / 几家具unfortunately / An'fb：tfb n0tli/adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately/'fb：t[0n0tli/ adv.幸运地bark / b a：k/ vi.&n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声rugby /'rAg bi / n.橄榄球运动bat / b田t / n.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打damp / d田mp / q的.潮湿的；湿气重的recreation /jekri'eijh / n.娱乐；消遣；游戏guidance/ 'gaidns /n.指导；弓[导；导航nephew/ 'nefju:/n.侄子；外甥advertising /'ydvo ta i z iq / n.广告活动；广告业a dvertise /'^dvs ta i z八%.&沅.公布；宣传；做广告corporate/ 'ko:po r o t /adj.公司的；法人的；社团的rough / r A f / ad•.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的navigator / 'n^vig e i t s /n.领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者loyal /'lois l / ad•.忠诚的；忠实的motor /'moo tMr）/ n.发动机；马达ad•.有引擎的；机动车的candidate/'kyndi d s t /n.候选人；应试者make fire 生火give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）episode / 'epi s su d /n.（人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲commitment /k s' m i tm s nt /n.承诺；保证；奉献motive/'msu t i v /n.动机；原因；目的Confucianism / k sn'fju:Jb n i zm / n.孔子学说；儒家（学说）UNIT 5drama / 'dra:ms /n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术sorrow/ 'sD r su / n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事沅.感到悲伤imagery /'i m i d js ri / n.形象的描述；意象；像literary / 'li t s r s ri] / ad'.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的rhyme / ra i m / n.押韵词；押韵的短诗vi. & vt.（使）押韵rhythm / 'ri d s m / n.节奏；韵律；规律nursery/ 'n3：ss ri / ad'.幼儿教育的n.托儿所；保育室nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌folk/ f su k / ad•.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的mockingbird / 'mn k igb3：d /n.嘲鸫（美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫）diamond / 'daio m o nd /儿钻石；金刚石；菱形brass/ br a:s /九黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器billy goat / 'bi li gout / 儿公山羊bull / b u l /几公牛recite/ r i'sa i t / vt .背诵；吟诵；列举bee / bi: /儿蜜蜂dewdrop / 'dju:dro p / 九露珠；水珠dawn/ d o:n /九黎明；开端；萌芽clover/ 'klou v o(r) / 九三叶草butterfly / 'bA t o fla i / 儿蝴蝶lawn / l o:n /九草坪;草地amateur / 'ymo t o(r) /几业余爱好者//.业余的；业余爱好的cinquain / s ig'kei n / n.五行诗be made up of由.... 组成(构成)mood / mu:d / n.情绪；心情；语气tease/ ti:z / vi. & vt.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄haiku / 'haiku: / 儿俳句syllable/ 'si l o bl / n.音节format / 'fb:m^t / n.格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式vt.格式化respectively /r i' spekt i vli/ adv .分别；各自；依次为respective / r i'spekt i v / ad•.分别的；各自的blossom / 'bln s o m / n.花朵；花簇delicate/ 'deli k o t / ad•.精美的；精致的；脆弱的await/ o'we i t / vt.等候；期待；将发生在revolve/ r i'v n lv /vi.旋转；环绕；转动utter/ 'A t o(r)/ vt .出声；说；讲ad•.完全的；十足的；彻底的comprehension/ .kn mpr i'hen j n / n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习shelf/ Jelf / n. (pl. shelves / Jelvz/ )架子；搁板core / k o: /九核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿cherry/ 'tf eri /儿樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色a的樱桃色的；鲜红色的cherry blossom 樱花blank / b展亦/ a的.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的n.空白；空格verse/ v3：s / n.诗；韵文；诗节civilian /s s'v i li s n/ n.平民；老百姓prose / pr oo z / 儿散文sympathetic/ .si mp o'Oeti k / a的.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的sympathy / 'si mp oOi / n.同情；赞同version /'v3：Jh / n.版本；（从不同角度的）说法innocence/ 'i n o sns / n.天真；单纯；无罪innocent / 'i n o snt / adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的era / 'io r o / n.时代；年代；纪元correspondence / .kn r o'sp n nd o ns / n.来往信件；通信联系correspond / .kn r o'sp n nd / vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信sow / s ou / vt. & vi.（ sowed, sown /s oo n/ or sowed ）播种；种seed/ si:d / n.种子；起源；萌芽do minant / 'dn m i n o nt / a的.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的sonnet / 'sn n i t / n.十四行诗deadline/ 'dedlai n / n.最后期限；截止日期contest/'kn ntest / n.比赛；竞赛；竞争/ k Dn'test /vt.争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩polish /'pnliJ7 vt.修改；润色；抛光n.上光剂；抛光；擦亮string/str ig / n.细绳；线；一串vt.（ strung / str Ag /,strung ）悬挂；系adj.弦乐器的；线织的wherever / we or'evo（r）/conj.在任何地方；在所有的情况下adv.（用于问句）究竟在（到）哪里barren/'b^ro n / ad'.贫瘠的；不结果实的grief/gri:f / n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事complicated / 'kn mpl i ke i t i d / ad•.复杂的；难懂的variation/.veori'eij n// 儿变化；变体；变奏曲；racial /'reif l / adj.种族的；人种的prejudice/ 'predjo d i s /几偏见；成见vt.使怀有（或形成）偏见。
高中英语必修3课文逐句翻译(人教新课标)
1.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。
Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。
Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。
At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。
Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。
Festivals of the Dead亡灵节Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
高中英语必修三unit1课文翻译(人教)
1.Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。
Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。
Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。
At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。
Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。
Festivals of the Dead亡灵节Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
2019新人教版高中英语选择性必修三unit1课文及翻译(英汉对照)
新人教版高中英语选择性必修三课文及翻译Unit1 Reading and ThinkingA SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING西方绘画艺术简史What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。
由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。
也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)中世纪(5世纪到15世纪)During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。
高中英语新人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 1 Art 逐词英语释义(共67个)
高中英语选必三Unit1逐词英语释义1.precise：精准的；[英文释义]exact, accurate, and careful about details.2.precisely：精确地；[英文释义]in an exact and accurate way; exactly.3.Christianity：基督教；[英文释义]the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus Christ, or its beliefs and practices.4.realistic：现实主义的；[英文释义]having or showing a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected.5.realism：现实主义；[英文释义]the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.6.realist：现实主义者；[英文释义]a person who accepts a situation as it is and is prepared to deal with it accordingly.7.primitive：原始的；[英文释义]relating to an early stage in the evolution of human society or to a preindustrial or tribal culture.8.two-dimensional：二维的；[英文释义]having only length and width, not depth or thickness.9.dimension：尺寸；[英文释义]a measurable extent of some kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height.10.in particular：特别地；[英文释义]especially; specifically.11.set apart from：与...区别开来；[英文释义]to distinguish or separate something from others.12.humanistic：人文主义的；[英文释义]relating to or characteristic of human beings and their culture.13.humanity：人性；人类；[英文释义]the human race; human beings collectively; the quality of being humane or benevolent.14.breakthrough：突破；[英文释义]a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development.15.influential：有影响力的；[英文释义]having great influence on someone or something.16.reputation：声誉；[英文释义]the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something; the state of being widely known or respected.17.noble：高贵的；[英文释义]belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles and ideals.18.rank：等级；[英文释义]a position in the hierarchy of the armed forces or in other organizations.19.purchase：购买；[英文释义]to obtain something by paying for it; buying.20.mythology：神话；[英文释义]a collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition.21.client：客户；[英文释义]a person or organization using the services of a lawyer or other professional person or company.22.photography：摄影术；[英文释义]the art or practice of taking and processing photographs.23.emerge：出现；[英文释义]to become apparent or known; come into existence or prominence.24.sunrise：日出；[英文释义]the daily event of the sun rising above the horizon in the morning.25.convey：传达；[英文释义]to communicate or express something, with or without using words.26.subjective：主观的；[英文释义]based on personal feelings or opinions rather than facts.27.outer：外部的；[英文释义]relating to the outside or exterior; situated on or near the outside.28.subsequent：随后的；[英文释义]coming after something in time; following.29.fond：喜欢的；[英文释义]having an affection or liking for; liking or caring about someone or something.30.be fond of：喜欢...；[英文释义]to like or enjoy someone or something.31.fine art (also fine arts)：美术；[英文释义]a visual art considered to have been created primarily for aesthetic and intellectual purposes.32.sculpture：雕塑；[英文释义]the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.33.sculptor：雕塑家；[英文释义]an artist who makes sculptures.34.visual：视觉的；[英文释义]relating to seeing or sight.35.water lily：睡莲；[英文释义]an aquatic plant with round leaves and fragrant, floating flowers.36.pond：池塘；[英文释义]a small body of still water formed naturally or by artificial means.37.arched：拱形的；[英文释义]having the shape of an arch; curved.38.arch：拱形；[英文释义]a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.39.investment：投资；[英文释义]the action or process of investing money for profit or material result.40.bride：新娘；[英文释义]a woman on her wedding day or just before and after the event.41.permanent：永久的；[英文释义]lasting or remaining without significant change.42.memorial：纪念碑；[英文释义]a statue or structure established to remind people of a person or event.43.humble：谦逊的；[英文释义]having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's importance.44.criticise/criticize：批评；[英文释义]to express disapproval of someone or something; to evaluate or analyze something critically.45.criticism：批评；[英文释义]the expression of disapproval of someone or something on the basis of perceived faults or mistakes.46.representative：代表性的；[英文释义]typical of a particular group, person, or thing; serving as a symbol or emblem of something.47.ink：墨水；[英文释义]a colored fluid used for writing, drawing, printing, or duplicating.48.animation：动画；[英文释义]the technique of photographing successive drawings or positions of puppets or models.49.frame：框架；[英文释义]a rigid structure that surrounds or encloses something.50.symphony：交响乐；[英文释义]a long musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements.51.decline：下降；[英文释义]a gradual and continuous loss of strength, numbers, quality, or value.52.exhibition：展览；[英文释义]a public display of works of art or items of interest, typically held in an art gallery or museum.53.bronze：青铜；[英文释义]a yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one-third tin.54.ceramic：陶瓷的；[英文释义]made of clay and hardened by heat; relating to the art of making objects out of clay.55.vase：花瓶；[英文释义]a decorative container, typically made of glass or pottery, used for holding cut flowers or as a display piece.56.artistic：艺术的；[英文释义]relating to or characteristic of art or artists; showing skill or excellence in artistic expression.57.entry：参赛作品；[英文释义]a piece of writing, music, artwork, etc., submitted for judgment in a competition or for publication.58.civil：民事的；[英文释义]relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters.59.recognition：认可；[英文释义]the action or process of recognizing or being recognized, in particular,the identification of someone or something.60.Buddhist：佛教的；[英文释义]relating to or characteristic of Buddhism or Buddhists.61.Buddhism：佛教；[英文释义]a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and spiritual practices.62.expansion：扩展；[英文释义]the action of becoming larger or more extensive.63.bring to life：使具体化；[英文释义]to make something animate, vivid, or real.64.guarantee：保证；[英文释义]a formal assurance or promise, especially that certain conditions will be fulfilled or that a product will be of a specified quality.65.contemporary：当代的；[英文释义]belonging to or occurring in the present; modern.66.worthy：有价值的；[英文释义]having worth, value, or merit; deserving of attention or respect.67.be worthy of：值得...；[英文释义]to deserve or merit something.。
2019版人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册单词表-带音标-汉译英-单词拼写-默写
新教材2019版人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册unit 1_____________________[prɪˈsaɪs]adj. 准确的；精确的________________________[prɪˈsaɪsli]adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此____________________________________[ˌkrɪstiˈænəti]n.基督教___________________________[ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk ]adj.现实的；逼真的_____________________[ˈriːəlɪzəm ]n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风____________________[ˈriːəlɪst]n. 现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者____________[ˈprɪmətɪv] adj.发展水平低的；原始的n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) ________________________________[ˌtuː daɪˈmenʃənl ]adj.二维的___________________________[daɪˈmenʃn ]n.维；规模；范围______ ______________________________尤其；特别_________ _______________ ____________使与众不同；使突出；使优于……__________________________[ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk]adj. 人文主义的________________________ [hjuːˈmænəti]n.人性；人道；(统称)人类________________________[ˈbreɪkθruː]n.重大进展；突破________________________[ˌɪnfluˈenʃl]adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的______________________________[ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn]n.名誉；名声_______________[ˈnəʊbl]n.贵族成员；adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的____________[ræŋk]n.地位；级别；行列vt. &vi.把……分等级；使排成行________________________['pɜːtʃəs]vt.购买；采购n.购买；购买的东西___________________________[mɪˈθɒlədʒi]n.神话；虚幻的想法__________________[ˈklaɪənt]n.委托人；当事人；客户_________________________________[fəˈtɒɡrəfi]n.照相术；摄影__________________[ɪˈmɜːdʒ]vi & vt.出现；浮现；暴露_____________________[ˈsʌnraɪz]n. 日出__________________[kənˈveɪ]vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送______________________________[səbˈdʒektɪv]adj.主观的_______________[ˈaʊtə(r)]adj.外表的；外边的；外围的__________________[ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]adj.随后的；后来的；之后的____________[fɒnd]adj.喜爱______ ____________ ______喜爱;喜欢____________ __________________美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)___________________________[ˈskʌlptʃə(r)]n.雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术________________________[ˈskʌlptə(r)]n.雕刻家；雕塑家__________________[ˈvɪʒuəl]adj.视觉的；视力的_______________ ____________[ˈlɪli]n.睡莲____________[pɒnd]n.池塘；水池__________________ [ɑːtʃt]adj.拱形的；弓形的____________[ɑːtʃ] vt.&vi.呈弧形横跨；(使)成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门_______________[ɪnˈvestmənt]n.投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入_______________[braɪd]n.新娘__________________________[ˈpɜːmənənt]adj. 永久的；永恒的；长久的____________________[məˈmɔːriəl]n.纪念碑；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的__________________[ˈhʌmbl]adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的__________________________[ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz]vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价___________________________[ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm]n.批评；指责；评论________________________[ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv]adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表_________[ɪŋk]n.墨水；墨汁；油墨________________________[ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn]n.(电脑、录像)动画制作；动画片_______________[freɪm]n.画面；框架vt.给……镶框；陷害________________________[ˈsɪmfəni]n.交响乐；交响曲__________________[dɪˈklaɪn]n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝___________________[ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn]n.展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演_______________[brɒnz]n.青铜；深红褐色adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的_____________________[səˈræmɪk]n.陶瓷制品；制陶艺术____________[vɑːz; NAmE veɪs;veɪz]n.花瓶；装饰瓶________________________[ɑːˈtɪstɪk]adj.艺术的；艺术家的_______________[ˈentri]n.加入；进入；参与_______________[ˈsɪvl]adj.国民的；民用的；民事的______________________[ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn]n.承认；认出；赞誉________________________[ˈbʊdɪst]adj.佛教的n.佛教徒________________________ [ˈbʊdɪzəm]n. 佛教___________________________[ɪkˈspænʃn]n.扩张；扩展；扩大_______________________赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来___________________[ˌɡærənˈtiː]vt.保证；确保；n.保证；保修单；担保物__________________[kənˈtemprəri]adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人__________________[ˈwɜːði]adj.值得……的；有价值的______ ________________值得Unit 2_____________________[təˈbækəʊ]n.烟草；烟叶_____________________[ˈælkəhɒl]n.酒；酒精_______________[əˈbjuːs]n.滥用；虐待；辱骂[əˈbjuːz]vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂________________________[ˈfɪzɪkl]adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的________________________[ˈdɒmɪneɪt]vt. & vi.支配；控制；占有优势______________________________[rɪˈpiːtɪdli]adv.重复地______________________________[saɪˈkɒlədʒi]n.心理学；心理；心理影响_________[kju:]n.提示；暗示；信号vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)______ ________________________ ______回答；答复__________________[rɪˈwɔːd]n.奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬____________[rɪˈlaɪ]vi.依赖；依靠；信赖____________ ______依赖；依靠；信赖______________________________[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]vt. 促进；促使；使便利_____________________[ɪɡˈzæmɪn]vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验________________________[ˈneɡətɪv]adj.消极的；有害的；否定的___________________________[ˈeskəleɪtə(r)]n.自动扶梯；滚梯________________________ ____________ 立即；马上__________________________[ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk]adj.悲观的；悲观主义的________________________[ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.自制力；纪律；学科vt.自我控制；管教；处罚____________[pɪl]n.药丸；药片__________________[dɪˈliːt]v.删去；删除__________________ ______决定；选定____________ ______ ___________下定决心_____________________[kəmˈpəʊz]vt. &vi.组成；作曲；撰写______ ________________________ ______由……组成(或构成)的_____________________[ˈsɜːdʒən]n.外科医生_____________________[ˈsɜːdʒəri]n.外科手术；外科学______________________________[ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn]n.解放；摆脱_______________[ʃeɪv]vi.,vt.&n.剃(须发)；刮脸_______________ _________剃掉；刮去_______________[bɪəd]n.胡须；络腮胡子_____________________[dɪˈstɜːb]vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼___________________________[ˌsɪɡəˈret]n.香烟；卷烟______________________________[ˈspeʃəlɪst]n.专科医生；专家______________________________[kənˈsʌltənt]n.顾问；高级顾问医师____________[drʌɡ]n.毒品；药物____________[skɪp]vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n.蹦跳_______________[ˈdɪzi]adj.头晕目眩的_________[flu:]n.流感___________________________[ˈstɪmjuleɪt]vt.激发；促进；刺激_____________________['dentɪst ]n.牙科医生__________________[ˈʃʊɡəri]adj.含糖的；甜的_________[nʌt]n.坚果______________________________[ˈskeɪtbɔːd]n.滑板vi.滑滑板_____________________[daɪˈnæmɪk]adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的________________________ _________焦虑不安；疲惫不堪____________ _________筋疲力尽的；心力交瘁_____________________[ˈbəʊlɪŋ]n.保龄球运动__________________[ˈkɒmədi]n.喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目________________[ˈmʌnθli]adv.&adj. 每月；每月一次的n.月刊_____________________[ɪnˈhɑːns; NAmE -ˈhæns]vt.提高；增强；増进_____________________[rɪˈfreʃ]vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新__________________[əbˈsːb]vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收unit 3_______________[ɡrɑːf]n. 图；图表；曲线图________________________[iˈmɪʃn]n. 排放物；散发物；排放____________[melt]vi. & vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化__________________[stɑːv]vi. & vt.(使)挨饿；饿死____________[siːl]n. 海豹_____________________[iˈkɒlədʒi]n. 生态；生态学_____________________[rɪˈliːs]vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布_____________________[ˈmiːθeɪn]n. 甲烷；沼气__________________[ˈkɑːbən]n. 碳_____________________[daɪˈɒksaɪd]n. 二氧化物__________________ ______________二氧化碳___________________________[ˈhæbɪtəbl]adj. 适合居住的_____________________[səˈsteɪn]vt. 维持；遭受；承受住_______________________[səˈsteɪnəbl]adj. 可持续的；合理利用的__________________[ˈfɒsl]n. 化石____________[ˈfjuːəl]n. 燃料；刺激性言行___________________l化石燃料(如煤或石油)________________________[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv]adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的_____________[ˈwɜːldwaɪd]adv. 遍及全球地adj. 世界各地的；_______________[trend]n. 趋势；趋向；动向______________________________[ˈfriːkwəntli]adv. 频繁地；经常___________________________[ˈbrɔːdkɑːst]vt. & vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目__________________[ˈpɒləsi]n. 政策；方针；原则______________________[ˈfʊtprɪnt]n. 足迹;(某物所占的)空间量；面积________________________[rɪˈstrɪkt]vt. 限制，限定；束缚______________________[rɪˈstrɪkʃn]n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束_______________[siːz]vt. 抓住；夺取；控制_______________[ˈbeɪsn]n. 流域；盆地；盆_____________________[ˈpeŋɡwɪn]n. 企鹅_____________[rɪˈfɔːm]vi. & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造n. 改革；变革；改良_____________[ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ]vt. 经历；经受(变化、不快等)___________________________[ˈɪmplɪmənt]vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行______________________________[hɑːˈməʊniəs]adj. 和谐的____________________ [ˈmɒdərət]adj. 适度的；温和的vi. & vt. 缓和；使适中________________________[səbˈmɪt]vt. & vi.提交；呈递；屈服__________________[ˈænjuəl]adj. 每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴__________________[ˈtrɒpɪkl]adj. 热带的；来自热带的________________________[ˈkeɪɒs]n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱_______________[bɪˈhɑːf]of 代表(代替)某人______ _____________[ˈnjuːkliə(r)]adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的_____________________[ˈsensətɪv]adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的___________________________[ˈdʒʌŋɡl]n.(热带)丛林；密林__________________[smɒɡ]n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)____________[əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt]vi. & vt. 起源；发源；创立___________________ [ˈvɒljuːm]n. 量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷__________________[ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ]n. 垃圾；废物_____________________[ˈentəpraɪz]n. 公司；企业；事业________________________[rɪˈstɔː(r)]vt. 恢复；使复原；修复_____________________[ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn]n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持____________________________________[ˈdʌzn]n.(一)打；十二个_______________许多；很多__________________ ______[ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn]n. 章程；规章制度______________________________[dɪˈspəʊzl]n. 去掉；清除；处理________________________[ɪnˈspekʃn]n.检查；查看；视察____________________[faɪn]vt. 对……处以罚款____________[kæmˈpeɪn]n. 运动；战役vi. & vt. 参加运动；领导运动________________________[ˈwɔːtəweɪ]n. 水道；航道________________________[ˈtɒləreɪt]vt. 忍受；包容；容许________________________[əˈdʒendə]n. 议程表；议事日程unit4____________[ ədˈvɜːsəti ]n.困境；逆境___________________________[ weɪdʒ ]n.工资____________[ ˈbɪtə(r)]adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的__________________[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn ]n.探险；远征；探险队______________________________[ ɪnˈdjʊərəns ]n.忍耐力；耐久力___________________________[ ˈvɪɡə(r) ]n.精力；力量；活力________________________ ______________拒绝(某人)____________ ______. ____[ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd ]adj.符合资格；具备……的知识___________________________[ ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk ]adj.热情的；热心的______________________[ əˈbɔːd ]adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) __________________[ˈkʌbəd ]n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜________________________[əˈsaɪn ]vt.分派；布置；分配__________________[ˈstjuːəd ]n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员_____________________[ˈenvi ]n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌____________[ krʌʃ ]vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群_______________[ sɪŋk ]vi. 沉没;下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没____________[ əˈbændən ]vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃_____________________[ stəʊv ]n.炉具；厨房灶具_______________[ˈblæŋkɪt ]n.毯子_____________________[ bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz ]n. [pl.]财物；动产______________________________[ˈbændʒəʊ ]n.班卓琴(乐器)_______________[ˈmɪzrəbl ]adj.痛苦的；令人难受的___________________________[ ˈvɔɪɪdʒ ]n.& vi.航海；航行__________________[ ˈneɪvi ] n.海军；海军部队____________[ ˈdiːsnt ]adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的__________________[ ˈkəʊzi ]adj.温馨的；舒适的____________[ˈselfɪʃ ]adj.自私的_____________________[bad-tempered adj.脾气好的]坏的____________[ ˈdʒenjuɪn ]adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的_____________________[ ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns ]n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神___________________________[ ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r) ]vi.坚持；孜孜以求__________________[ rɪˈzɒlv ]vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念_____________________[ ˌrezəˈluːʃn ]n.决议；解决；坚定_______________________[kru:]n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人____________[ˈkruːəl ]adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的_______________[ ˈθʌrə ]adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的________________________[ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r) ]n.家具___________________________[ ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli]adv.不幸地；遗憾地_______________________________________[ˈfɔːtʃənətli]adv.幸运地_________________________________[ bɑːk]vi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声____________[ˈrʌɡbi ]n.橄榄球运动_______________[ bæt ]n.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打_________[ dæmp ]adj.潮湿的；湿气重的____________[ˌrekriˈeɪʃn ]n.娱乐；消遣；游戏______________________________[ ˈɡaɪdns ]n.指导；引导；导航________________________[ ˈnefjuː]n.侄子；外甥__________________[ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ]n.广告活动；广告业_______________________[ˈædvətaɪz ]vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告___________________________[ ˈkɔːpərət ]adj.公司的；法人的；社团的___________________________[ rʌf ]adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的_______________[ ˈnævɪɡeɪtə ]n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者___________________________[ˈlɔɪəl ]adj.忠诚的；忠实的_______________[ˈməʊtə(r)]n.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的_______________[ ˈkændɪdət ]n.候选人；应试者___________________________生火____________ ____________放出(热、光、气味或气体)____________ _[ ˈepɪsəʊd ]n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲_____________________[kəˈmɪtmənt ]n.承诺；保证；奉献______________________________[ˈməʊtɪv ]n.动机；原因；目的_____________[ kənˈfjuːʃənɪzm ]n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)unit 5____________[ ˈdrɑːmə ]n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术_______________[ ˈsɒrəʊ ]n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事vi.感到悲伤__________________[ ˈɪmɪdʒəri ]n.形象的描述；意象；像_____________[ ˈlɪtərəri] ]adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的________________________[ raɪm ]n.押韵词；押韵的短诗vi. & vt. (使)押韵_______________[ ˈrɪðəm ]n.节奏；韵律；规律__________________[ ˈnɜːsəri ]adj.幼儿教育的n.托儿所；保育室_____________________童谣；儿歌__________________________[ fəʊk ]adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的____________[ ˈmɒkɪŋbɜːd ]n.嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫)___________________[ ˈdaɪəmənd ]n.钻石；金刚石；菱形_____________________[ brɑːs ]n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器_______________[ ˈbɪli ɡəʊt ]n.公山羊_______________ ____________[ bʊl ]n.公牛____________[ rɪˈsaɪt ] vt.背诵；吟诵；列举__________________[ biː ]n.蜜蜂_________[ ˈdjuːdrɒp ]n.露珠；水珠_____________________[ dɔːn ]n.黎明；开端；萌芽____________[ ˈkləʊvə(r) ]n.三叶草__________________[ ˈbʌtəflaɪ ]n.蝴蝶___________________________[ lɔːn ]n.草坪;草地____________[ ˈæmətə(r) ]n.业余爱好者adj.业余的；业余爱好的_____________________[ sɪŋ'keɪn ]n.五行诗________________________由……组成(构成)______ ____________ ______ ______[ muːd ]n.情绪；心情；语气____________[ tiːz ]vi. & vt.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄_______________[ ˈhaɪkuː ]n.俳句_______________[ ˈsɪləbl ]n.音节______________[ ˈfɔːmæt ]n.格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式vt.格式化__________________[rɪˈspektɪvli]adv.分别；各自；依次为____________________________________[ rɪˈspektɪv ]adj.分别的；各自的______________________________[ ˈblɒsəm ]n.花朵；花簇_____________________[ ˈdelɪkət ]adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的________________________[ əˈweɪt ]vt.等候；期待；将发生在_______________[ rɪˈvɒlv ]vi.旋转；环绕；转动_____________________[ ˈʌtə(r)]vt.出声；说；讲_______________adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的[ ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn ]n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习______________________[ ʃelf ]n. (pl. shelves ) 架子；搁板_______________[ kɔː ]n.核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿____________[ ˈtʃeri ]n.櫻桃；櫻桃树；櫻桃色adj.櫻桃色的；鲜红色的__________________櫻花________________[ blæŋk ]adj.空白的；没表情的n.空白；空格_______________[ vɜːs ]n.诗；韵文；诗节_______________[səˈvɪliən]n.平民；老百姓________________________[ prəʊz ]n.散文_______________[ ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk ]adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的_________________________[ ˈsɪmpəθi ]n.同情；赞同________________________[ ˈvɜːʃn ]n.版本；(从不同角度的)说法_____________________[ ˈɪnəsns ]n.天真；单纯；无罪_________________[ ˈɪnəsnt ]adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的______________[ ˈɪərə ]n.时代；年代；纪元_________[ ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns ]n.来往信件；通信联系_______________________[ ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd ]vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信______________________________[ səʊ ]vt. & vi.( sowed, sown ) 播种；种_________[ siːd ]n.种子；起源；萌芽____________[ ˈdɒmɪnənt ]adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的________________________[ ˈsɒnɪt ]n.十四行诗__________________[ ˈdedlaɪn ]n.最后期限；截止日期________________________[ˈkɒntest ]n.比赛；竞赛；竞争_____________________[ kɒnˈtest ]vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)；争辩____________ [ˈpɒlɪʃ]vt.修改；润色；抛光n.上光剂；抛光；擦亮__________________[strɪŋ ]n.细绳；线；一串__________________[ strʌŋ ]vt. ( strung ,strung )悬挂；系____________adj.弦乐器的；线织的____________ [ weərˈevə(r)]conj.在任何地方；在所有……的情况下________________________adv.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里____________ [ˈbærən ]adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的__________________[ɡriːf ]n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事_______________[ ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd ]adj.复杂的；难懂的_________________________________[ˌveəriˈeɪʃn]n.变化；变体；变奏曲；___________________________[ˈreɪʃl ]adj.种族的；人种的__________________[ ˈpredʒʊdɪs ]n.偏见；成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见。