Research on push-over method for earthquake-resistant performance of jacket offshore Platforms

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为什么要探索太空英文作文

为什么要探索太空英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Exploring space has always been a fascinating endeavor for humanity. The reasons behind this exploration are varied and compelling. Firstly, space exploration allows us to expand our knowledge and understanding of the universe. It enables us to study celestial bodies, such as planets, stars, and galaxies, and unravel the mysteries that lie beyond our own planet.Moreover, space exploration has practical applications that benefit our daily lives. For instance, advancements in space technology have led to the development of satellite communications, which have revolutionized global communication systems. Satellites enable us to transmit data, make phone calls, and access the internet from anywhere in the world. Additionally, space exploration has also contributed to the development of weather forecasting techniques, helping us predict and prepare for natural disasters.Furthermore, exploring space is essential for thefuture of humanity. As our population grows and resources become limited, we may need to find alternative habitats beyond Earth. By exploring space, we can identify potential locations for colonization or establish research stations that could support future space missions. This would ensure the survival and progress of our species in the long run.In addition, space exploration inspires innovation and technological advancements. The challenges presented by space travel push scientists and engineers to develop new technologies and solutions. For example, the development of lightweight materials for spacecraft, advanced propulsion systems, and life support systems have all stemmed from the need to explore space. These innovations often have spin-off benefits for various industries on Earth, such as transportation, medicine, and energy.Lastly, space exploration has a profound impact on our collective sense of wonder and curiosity. It ignites a sense of awe and reminds us of the vastness and beauty of the universe. It encourages us to question our place in thecosmos and stimulates philosophical and existential contemplation. This sense of wonder fosters a sense ofunity among humanity, transcending borders and cultural differences.In conclusion, the exploration of space is a worthwhile endeavor due to its ability to expand our knowledge, practical applications, importance for the future of humanity, stimulation of innovation, and promotion of wonder and unity. As we continue to explore and understand the vastness of the universe, we unlock new possibilities and pave the way for a brighter future for our species.。

2006年12月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案

2006年12月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案2006年12月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案part i：writing (30 minutes)1．阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要2．现在愿意鱼肚经典的人却越来越少，原因是......3．我们大学生应该怎么做part ii reading compreheion (skimming and scanning ) (15 minutes)space tourismmake your reservatio now. the space tourism industry is officially open for business, and tickets are going for a mere $20 million for a one-week stay in space. despite reluctance from national air and space administration (nasa), russia made american businessman dennis tito the world's fit space tourist. tito flew into space aboard a russian soyuz rocket that arrived at the international space station (iss) on april 30,2001. the second space tourist, south african businessman mark shuttle worth, took off aboard the russian soyuz on april 25, 2002, also bound for the iss.lance bass of'n sync was supposed to be the third to make the $20 million trip, but he did not join the three-man crew as they blasted off on october 30,2002, due to lack of payment. probably the most incredible aspect of this proposed space tour was that nasa approved of it.these trips are the beginning of what could be a profitable 21st century industry. there are already several space tourism companies planning to build suborbital vehicles and orbital cities within the next two decades. these companies have invested millio, believing that the space tourism industry is on the verge of taking off.in 1997, nasa published a report concluding that selling trips into spaceto private citize could be worth billio of dolla. a japanese report supports these findings, and projects that space tourism could be a $10 billion per year industry within the next two decades. the only obstacles to opening up space to tourists are the space agencies, who are concerned with safety and the development of a reliable, reusable launch vehicle.space accommodatiorussia's mir space station was supposed to be the fit destination for space tourists. but in march 2001, the russian agency brought mir down into the pacific ocean. as it turned out, bringing down mir only temporarily delayed the fit tourist trip into space.the mir crash did cancel pla for a new reality-based game show from nbc, which was going to be called destination mir. the survivor-like tv show was scheduled to air in fall 2001. participants on the show were to go throughtraining at russia's cosmonaut(宇航员) training center, star city. each week, one of the participants would be eliminated from the show, with the winner receiving a trip to the mir space station. the mir crash has ruled out nbc's space plants for now. nasa is agait beginning space tourism until the international space station is completed in 2006.russia in not alone in its interest in space tourism. there are several projects underway to commercialize space travel. here are a few of the groups that might take tourists to space:space island group is going to build a ring-shaped, rotating "commercial space infrastructure(基础结构)."space island says it will build its space city out of of empty nasa space-shuttle fuel tanks (to start, it should take around 12 or so), and place it about 400 miles above earth. the space city will rotate once per minute to create a gravitational pull one-third as strong as earth's.according to their vision statement, space adventures plants to "fly tents of thousands of people in space over the next 10-15 yea and beyond, around the moon, and back, from spaceports both on earth and in space, to and form private space statio, and aboard doze of different vehicles..."even hilton hotels has shown interest in the space tourism industry and the possibility of building or co-funding a space hotel. however, the company did say that it believes such a space hotel is 15 to 20 yea away.initially, space tourism will offer simple accommodatio at best. for itance, if the international space station is used as a tourist attraction, guests won't find the luxurious surroundings of a hotel room on earth. it has been designed for conducting research, not entertainment. however, the fit generation of space hotels should offer tourists a much more comfortable experience.[page]in regard to a concept for a space hotel initially planned by space island, such a hotel could offer guests every convenience they might find at a hotel on earth, and some they might not. the small gravitational pull created by the rotating space city would allow space-tourists and residents to walk around and function normally within the structure. everything from running water to a recycling plant to medical facilities would be possible. additionally, space tourists would even be able to take spacewalks.many of these companies believe that they have to offer an extremely enjoyable experience in order for passenge to pay thousands, if not millio, of dolla to ride into space. so will space create another separation between the haves and have-nots?the most expeive vacationwill space be an exotic retreat reserved for only the wealthy? or will middle-class folks have a chance to take their families to space? make no mistake about it, going to space will be the most expeive vacation you ever take. prices right now are in the te of millio of dolla. currently, the only vehicles that can take you into space are the space shuttle and the russian soyuz, both of which are terribly inefficient. each spacecraft requires millio of pounds of fuel to take off into space, which makes them expeive to launch. one pound of payload (有效栽载重) costs about $10,000 to put into earth's orbit.nasa and lockheed martin are currently developing a single-stage-to-orbit launch space plane, called the venture star , that could be launched for about a tenth of what the space shuttle costs to launch. if the venture star takes off, the number of people who could afford to take a trip into space would move into the millio.in 1998, a joint report from nasa and the space traportation association stated that improvements in technology could push fares for space travel as low as $50,000, and possibly down to $20,000 or $10,000 a decade later. the report concluded that at a ticket price of $50,000, there could be 500,000 passenge flying into space each year. while still leaving out many people, these prices would open up space to a tremendous amount of traffic.since the beginning of the space race, the general public has said, "isn't that great-when do i get to go?" well, our chance might be closer than ever. within the next 20 yea, space planes could be taking off for the moon at the same frequency as airplanes flying between new york and los angeles.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

基于OpenSEES的结构性能分析方法研究

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文基于OpenSEES的结构性能分析方法研究姓名：***申请学位级别：硕士专业：结构工程指导教师：***2011-03南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文摘要目前性能分析的主要方法包括逐步增量时程分析法（IDA）和静力弹塑性分析方法（Pushover）。

IDA方法并不适用于日常设计。

Pushover方法由于缺乏坚实的理论基础，目前并不存在普遍适用的最优实施方案，因此获得合理的结构非线性性能仍然非常困难。

建立普适于各类结构的性能分析方法，对促进基于性能抗震设计的研究与实践，有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

本文在OpenSEES框架下，提出了新的结构分析方法，为结构性能分析方法的进一步研究打下基础。

本文主要研究内容如下：（1）分析了OpenSEES软件内部主要结构和各模块相互协作的机理。

在OpenSEES环境下，通过典型算例对比研究了采用各种Pushover方法分析结构性能的特点与局限。

研究表明，多模态组合（MPA）方法较固定荷载模式的推覆方法有明显优势；（2）提出基于性能结构自由振动分析方法。

该方法通过与结构第一周期相关的激励使结构产生自由振动，并在自由振动阶段达到最大响应，记录相关数据，获得类似于Pushover曲线的结构能力曲线以及底层位移和顶点最大位移的关系曲线；（3）选用10条地震波对结构进行IDA分析，以平均IDA分析结果为基准，对比研究了自由振动法与MPA方法。

研究认为，该方法对结构整体性能的分析结果与MPA方法相近，对结构局部响应的评价优于MPA方法，具有分析结构非线性性能结果唯一，与IDA方法的平均结果一致的优点，计算量较Pushover方法稍大，但远小于时程分析方法。

（4）研究了结构自由振动分析法对不同激励模式的敏感程度，初步得出最优激励模式。

研究表明，不同模式激励对结构自由振动分析法结果有一定影响，其中以衰减正弦激励模式最优；由于受高频成分影响，非衰减余弦激励模式对结构整体性能的评价局部有相对较大的偏差。

高考英语语法填空名校好题100篇：专题01 健康环保主题(一)基础篇(原卷版)

专题01-健康环保主题（一）---基础篇距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

storing and preparing food —____8____ (release) carbon dioxide, methane and otherplanet-warming gases. When the food ____9____ (waste), so are all those emissions. In addition, once unused food reaches landfills, it breaks down and releases more methane. In the United States, customers in 12 cities can browse restaurants and stores, then reserve “surprise bags” that typically cost about $4 to $6 and contain food that would have been _____10_____ (origin) priced at roughly three times that amount.Passage 2（2022秋·湖南长沙·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

陕西省汉中市西乡二中2025届高考冲刺模拟英语试题含解析

陕西省汉中市西乡二中2025届高考冲刺模拟英语试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.A．he will either B．neither will heC．he neither will D．either he will2．—I think the paper is taking you a long time to write.—I ______ on it for almost a month now.A．worked B．was workingC．am working D．have been working3．—Mum，look at my shoes．I need a new pair．—________．I bought them for you only a week ago!A．Y ou bet B．You said itC．Y ou don't say D．You name it4．— Do you often come here to have a walk?— No, only _________, because we are much too busy.A．occasionally B．eventuallyC．merely D．frequently5．Being happy is a skill that can be learned, and one way to ________ ourselves to be happy is to write down the little things that cheer us up each day.A．convey B．appeal C．train D．attempt6．I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to ______.A．get away B．drop in C．check out D．hold on7．The farmer used wood to build a house ________ to store grain.A. thatB. in whichC. whichD. what8．It is obvious that John is unhappy. _________, it comes as no surprise that she has decided to change her job. A．However B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Therefore9．British scientists have produced _____ they believe is the world’s sm allest Christmas card．A．which B．who C．that D．what10．Jim told us all that _______ he said so at the meeting was right.A．all B．whatC．all that D．that11．People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult ________ so long as the whole nation works hard for it. A．realizing B．to be realizedC．realized D．to realize12．——Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.——Ok, ______ you make it short.A．now that B．if only C．so long as D．every time13．— Tony, you seem in high spirits.—________ We won the match 4-1.A．Guess what? B．Oh, come on!C．So what? D．No wonder.14．______ caught in the rain unexpectedly, we still enjoyed the journey very much.A．When B．AsC．Unless D．Although15．To make extra-class education run on the right track, China is tightening _____ of after-school training institutions. A．application B．regulationC．adaptation D．cooperation16．Mr. Smith didn’t understand _____ made his son so upset that evening.A．what was it B．why it was this C．how that was D．what it was that17．They are determined to go into the dark cave, ________ my warning of danger.A．regardless of B．because ofC．apart from D．instead of18．I’d never wondered before whether or not he was kid-friendly. With one glance, I quickly that he probably wasn’t.A．agreed B．reportedC．explained D．decided19．Never before ________ the famous museum was just a stone's thro away from their school, so out ________. A．had they known; went all they B．they had known; went all theyC．had they known; they all went D．they had known; they all went20．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics.A．approaches B．meansC．methods D．ways第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

PUSHOVER分析方法全攻略

静力弹塑性分析方法-Gen 730版
北京迈达斯技术有限公司
CCooppyyriigghht tⓒⓒ20200-0200-0270M0ID3 AMSIIDnAfoSrmIantfionrmTaetcihonnoloTgeycChnoo.,lLotdg.y
内容目录
• 1 大震分析程序简介 • 2、MIDAS/Gen适用范围 • 3、 pushover分析原理 • 4、操作流程详解 • 5、常见问题与解答
可以做墙元。——操作便利，但人为可干预性较弱。
Copyright ⓒ2000-2007MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
2、MIDAS/Gen适用范围
高层结构空间结构体育场
Copyright ⓒ2000-2007MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
分析目的： Pushover分析前要经过一般设计方法先进行耐震设计使结构满足小震不
坏、中震可修的规范要求，然后再通过pushover分析评价结构在大震作用下是否满足预先设定的目标性能。如：
1、通过pushover分析得到结构能力曲线。与需求谱曲线比较，判断结构是否能够找到性能点，从整体上满足设定的大震需求性能目标。
Copyright ⓒ2000-2007MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1、主要大震分析程序
方法
优缺点
应用程序主要特点
1、优点：方法简单，便于理解。与动力时
静力弹塑性程分析法相比，Pushover方法概念清晰，实施相对简单，能使设计人员在一定程度
分析
性能点处基底剪力、控制点的位移。可与小震下基底剪力及控制点位移比较，判断大震pushover分析结果的合理性。一般为3～4倍。

山东省滕州市第五中学2024学年高中毕业班高三第二次调研测试英语试题含解析

山东省滕州市第五中学2024学年高中毕业班高三第二次调研测试英语试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．But for your help, I __________ the work on time. I really do not know how I can thank you enough.A．wouldn't finish B．hadn't finishedC．wouldn't have finished D．won't have finished2．It was in the remote mountain areas ______ I spent the gap year ______ I learned how to work with a group of strangers and how to look after myself.A．where; that B．when; thatC．where; when D．that; where3．People ________ with anyone who is always talking about how wonderful he is.A．fall in B．keep company C．catch up D．get fed up4．—— Congratulations on your promotion. Go out for dinner, OK?—— Good! __________, just you and me.A．Follow me B．My treatC．My pleasure D．Allow me5．While in the university, we were offered a number of after-school activities to our social skills.A．createB．growC．settleD．develop6．According to the local law, no one ______ enter the building site without permission.A．can B．mustC．shall D．dare7．—Our team has just narrowly won the game. I feel so relieved now.—__________!A．Cheer up B．You betC．What a pity D．Well done8．—Where are you going to hang the picture?—I haven’t decided yet. I ________ hang it in the dining room.A．might B．mustC．need D．would9．They will run an after-class club __________ kids can have fun and learnhow to protect themselves.A．that B．when C．where D．what10．Given the huge gap _______ economic development and cultural consciousness, young people find big cities are safer than small towns.A．in view of B．in case of C．in consequence of D．in respect of11．—What’s up? Y ou look worried.—Well, I ______ on the problem for 5 hours but I haven’t got a single clue.A．have worked B．workedC．will work D．have been working12．It is usually thought a little child says is truth.A．What that B．that what C．which D．that13．_______ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes, the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.A．Winning B．WonC．Having won D．To win14．—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.—.A．I really envy you B．Glad to hear thatC．Sounds great D．Take it easy15．Mr. Smith didn’t understand _____ made his son so upset that evening.A．what was it B．why it was this C．how that was D．what it was that16．Y ou have to rewrite the monthly report because you _____ many important details.A．turned off B．left outC．dropped by D．put up17．Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao’s own family. A．mirrored B．to mirrorC．mirroring D．mirror18．The picture looks good ____ the white wall.A．with B．to C．against D．beyond19．Without our team’s great effort, the art exhibition last week ______ such a great success.A．wouldn’t be B．won’t be C．wouldn’t have been D．won’t have been20．_______ travelling expenses rising a lot, we had to change all our plans for the tour．A．As B．By C．Since D．With第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

专业英语四级-162_真题-无答案

专业英语四级-162(总分100,考试时间90分钟)CLOZEA big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to 1 into some types. The two 2 most popular with the children I interviewed were "Platforms" and "Beat-them-ups." Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused 3 over their violent content. These games involve fights between 4 characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children"s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away. 5Controversy has occurred in 6 because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill 7 into children"s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after 8 exposure to these games. **puter games involves feelings of intense 9 and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive "yells" at the screen. It is not only the "Beat-them-up" games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their "lives" and "die" just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon 10 concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words "Game Over" appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by **puter and at having made an error.A. getB. genresC. partD. outE. concernF. commonG. overH. animatedI. frustration J. extended K. unscathed L. intenseM. prolonged N. anxiety O. fall1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy. These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the world"s oceans since the 11 of time, while overhead, great 12 and civilizations **e and gone. Now, their time of decline **e. It began a long time ago.Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the 13 had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who 14 whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, Whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America. Whaling went into dramatic 15 , beginning around 1900. Today, whales are **mercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The world"s 16 with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left. Given their 17 history.Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and 18 whales stranded on the beach. He says it"s a 20-year 19 that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York."As I began to do the research. I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldn"t really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so 20 , which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth."A．beginning B．decline C．rise D．empiresE．fascination F．different G．hunted H．dawnI．practice J．behavior K．peculiar L．sketchesM．obsession N．tragic O．trapped11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.It was the worst tragedy in 21 history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people—mostly women, children and old people 22 the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany--were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families 23 into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some, who succeeded, fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to 24 their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. "I"ll never forget the screams," says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave and into seeming 25 , rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germany"s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has 26 the memory of the 9,000dead, including more than 4,000 children—with his latest novel "Crab Walk", published last month. The book, which **e 27 in English next year, doesn"t 28 on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The reason was 29 . As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so 30 , we didn"t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings."A. dominantB. maritimeC. obviousD. nothingnessE. marineF. outG. slidingH. clawI. emptiness J. by K. revived L. dwellM. relived N. slipping O. fleeing21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers 31 to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a 32 small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is 33 to something closer to the coffee house. The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the 34 characteristics of the era before the mass media are 35 Newspaper circulations lose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in 36 different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and 37 news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are 38 the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to 39 in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides a(n) 40 way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a fewpress barons and state outlets.A．considerably B．access C．anonymous D．heightE．returning F．advantage G．relatively H．challengingI．chatty J．flourishing K．discursive L．prominenceM．distributing N．profoundly O．fighting31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.Street sellers, particularly in developing countries, supply large amounts of food to people 41 low incomes. This sector also employs some 6-25% of the work force, mainly women, in developing countries, and provides markets for agricultural and other 42 . In many countries, however, the authorities are not willing to 43 it as a formal sector of the food supply system. They may ignore it in food control programs or even try to put an end to it.There are two possible 44 : pathogenic micro-organisms and hazardous chemicals. As far as micro-organisms are concerned, there is apparently no convincing evidence that street foods are more involved in the transformation of infection than foods obtained in, e.g. hotels. Studies in Egypt and elsewhere have found street foods to compare not 45 with hotel foods in respect of contamination with micro-organisms—some street foods were found to be contaminated with pathogens, but so were foods from four-and five-star hotels in the same area.Hazardous 46 have been found in street foods, and food exposed for sale on roadsides may become contaminated by lead from vehicle exhausts.Health dangers may 47 with: purchase of raw material of poor quality; improper storage, processing, and cooking; limited piped drinking-water; lack of 48 ; unsatisfactory waste-disposal facilities; and personal cleanliness. The authorities should take into account the potentials of different categories of food for transmitting diseases. Dry foodstuff, dried grains, and 49 foods are less likely to transmit diseases than gravies, cooked rice, and low-acid milk, eggs, and meat products. Similarly foods which are thoroughly cooked and eaten at once are safer than50 food kept at high temperatures for several hours.A. onB. produceC. sugaredD. precookedE. withF. chemicalsG. productH. iceI. consider J. unfavorably K. recognize L. ariseM. refrigeration N. contaminants O. favorably41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.。

辽宁省沈阳市五校协作体2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语含解析

2023-2024学年度(上)沈阳市五校协作体期末考试高二年级英语试卷考试时间：120分钟分数：150分试卷说明：试卷共四部分：第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第三部分语言运用：（共两节，满分30分）第四部分写作：（共两节，满分40分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．How many people on the bus escaped unhurt in the accident?A．6.B．5.C．4.2．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．A book.B．A movie.C．A song.3．What did the speakers do last week?A．They had a celebration dinner.B．They went to see a newborn baby.C．They sent a mail to their neighbors.4．Where does the conversation take place?A．In a supermarket.B．In a restaurant.C．In a farm.5．What are the speakers talking about?A．How to preserve strawberries.B．Where to buy strawberriesC．How to wash strawberries.第二节（共15小题；每小题 1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面对话或独白。

山西省大同一中等重点中学2025届高三(最后冲刺)英语试卷含解析

山西省大同一中等重点中学2025届高三（最后冲刺）英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。

选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。

2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。

3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．High-speed trains which travel through my hometown ________ up to 250 km per hour make it a small world. A．with B．againstC．at D．over2．I was on a business trip then, otherwise I ________ to the hospital for tests.A．went B．had goneC．would have gone D．would go3．---Do you think Peter is a good partner?--- Not really! There are some things that are not easy to ________ , and his laziness is one.A．put aside B．put up withC．think of D．get along with4．--- I’ll send you the signed contract personally this time tomorrow.--- Sorry, I ______ a meeting then.A．am attending B．attendedC．have attended D．will be attending5．Facing the global financial crisis, the Chinese government has taken many measures ________ people's life to deal with it.A．related B．related toC．relating D．relating to6．Philips won 8 gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games, __________astonished the world.A．that B．which C．what D．who7．Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know _____ it can lead.A．how B．whereC．whether D．what8．It was announced that only after the candidates’ papers were collected _____to leave the room.A．had they been permitted B．would they be permittedC．that they would be permitted D．that they had been permitted9．Some people are able to multitask well—they can two or more businesses at the same time very well. A．turn to B．relate toC．lead to D．attend to10．Perhaps you ________ stop playing computer games now. Your boss may be turning up in the office at any moment. A．will B．must C．should D．can11．－Could you possilby take to the railway station tomorrow?A．No way B．Never mind C．Not at all D．No problem12．Many people fall into panic due to the earthquake and tsunami in Japan but experts don’t expect this to be ________ as proper measures have been taken.A．compulsory B．contemporary C．temporary D．permanent13．The farmer used wood to build a house ________ to store grain.A. thatB. in whichC. whichD. what14．If you have a job, ______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succe ed.A．do devote B．to devoteC．devoting D．devoted15．— I am worn out. —Me too, all work and no play. So it’s time to ________.A．burn the midnight oil B．push the limitsC．go with the flow D．call it a day16．The little girl ________ a foreign language fairly quickly.A．picked up B．got up C．stepped up D．made up17．Wild swans’ ________ in the area is a good indication of a better environment.A．exhibition B．escapeC．absence D．appearance18．— Looking back on _____ in years gone by and the good time that I had makes today seem rather sad.— Absolutely. So much has changed.A．how it was B．who it was C．how was it D．who was it19．---I went to see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic!---You were so lucky! How I wish I _____ the ticket too.A．get B．gotC．had got D．would get20．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.A．Should B．WouldC．Had D．Did第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

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Research on push-over method for earthquake-resistant performance of jacketoffshore PlatformsJin Shu Cheng, Niu Zhao,Yang Yan HuaKey Lab for Large Span Bridge Construction TechnologyWuhan, ChinaE-mail: jsc-0518@Abstract—According to the earthquake damage research status of offshore structures, we introduce the pushover method and established the offshore structures particle calculation model. Based on the horizontal earthquake peak acceleration and elastic response spectrum, we establish the inelastic acceleration response spectrum and the inelastic demands spectrum under the different kind of site and different strength earthquake. A comparison of the structure capacity curve between nonlinear static pushover analysis method and dynamic time-history analysis method is made through an example, which proves that the pushover method is feasible in the evaluation of Marine structural anti-seismic performance. All of above will be useful for the analysis of offshore engineering anti-earthquake performance.(Abstract)Keywords-Pushover method; inelastic demand spectra; dynamic time history analysisI. 㿔Ϣ䰚ㄥⳌ↨ˈ⍋⋟㒧 ⠽䰸њ ⾡䴭㥋䕑԰⫼ ˈ䖬㒣亢ǃ⊶⌾ǃ⍋⌕ǃ 䳛ㄝ㥋䕑ⱘ԰⫼Ǆ ⚜ⱘ 䳛䗴 ⱘ⸈ 䴲 Ϲ䞡ⱘˈϨ⍋⋟㒧 ⸈ ѻ⫳Ϲ䞡ⱘ⃵⫳♒ Ǆ԰Ўϔ⾡䕏䋼⍋⋟㒧 ˈ⍋⋟ ⱘ ջ⿏ ↨䕗 ˈ 䖯㸠䳛㽕ⱘǄⳂ Ѣ 䳛԰⫼ϟ⍋⋟㒧 ⱘ ⷨお䖬Ⳍ 䕗 Ǆ㗠Ϩҡ≵ 䞣⍋ ⚜ 䳛ⱘ䆄 ˈ 㟇Ҟг≵ ϧϮⱘ⍋⋟㒧 ⠽ 䳛 ˈPushover ⊩ Ў⍋⋟㒧䳛㛑䆘Ӌⱘ ǄPushover ⊩ 䋼Ϟ Ϣ 䈅Ⳍ㒧 ⱘ䴭 ⊩ˈ ⱘ 䏃䳛㥋䕑ㄝ ջ 㥋䕑ˈ䞛⫼ 㒧 ϔ ⱘ 䇗䗦 ∈ ⱘ ˈ⫼Ѡ㓈 ϝ㓈ⱘ ῵ ҷ 㒧 ˈ 乘 ⹂ ⱘ∈ 㥋䕑䕑㒧䖯㸠㽚 ˈ䗤ℹ 㒧㟇ϔϾ㒭 ⱘⳂ ԡ⿏ ⷨお㒧 ⱘ䴲㒓㛑[1]ǄⳂ Pushover ⊩ⱘⷨお䲚ЁѢḹṕ Ḛ 㒧ㄝ䰚ㄥ⠽ˈ㗠⍋⋟㒧 ϔϾ ⱘ㒧 -ḽ- -∈ԧ㋏ˈϢ䰚㒧 ⴔ ⱘ Ǆ 䗮䖛↨䕗pushover ⊩Ϣ ⿟ ⊩ⱘ䅵ㅫ㒧 ˈ 䅼䆎⍋⋟㒧 ⱘ 䳛㛑 ǄII.Pushover ⊩ ⧚A. ⧚䆎Pushover ⊩ ѢҹϟϸϾ 䆒˖(1)㒧 ⱘ ϔ ˈ ℸ ҹ⫼ㄝ㞾⬅ ԧ㋏ⱘ ҷ Ǆ(2)㒧 ⊓催 ⱘ ⬅ ⢊ 䞣Φ㸼⼎ˈ Ͼ 䳛䖛⿟ЁΦ 㒜 ϡ Ǆ䖭ϸϾ 䆒 ϡ ⧚ⱘˈԚ 䆌 ⷨお㸼 Ѣ ҹ㄀ϔ ЎЏⱘ㒧 ˈ䆹 ⊩ ҹ 䕗 ⧚ⱘ㒧䳛 Ǆ⍋⋟ 䞡㛮䕏ⱘ⡍⚍ˈϞ䚼㒧䋼䞣䲚Ёˈ ҹ㄀ϔ䰊 ЎЏⱘ㒧 ˈ⧚䆎Ϟpushover ⊩ ҹ 䕗 ⧚ⱘ 䳛 Ԅ䅵ⱘ[1]ǄB.ջ 㥋䕑 ῵Pushover 㒧 ῵ ϔϾ⊓ⴔ㒧催⾡ Ϩ䗤⏤ ⱘջ ջ ԡ⿏԰⫼ϟˈⳈ 㒧 ῵ ⚍Ⳃ ԡ⿏㒧㽚Ўℶⱘ䖛⿟Ǆջ ⱘ ῵ 䳛԰⫼ϟ㒧 ⱘ⡍ ˈ Փ ∖ⱘԡ⿏㛑 ԧⳳ 䳛԰⫼ϟ㒧 ⱘԡ⿏ Ǆ ℸˈ䗝䗖ⱘ䴭㥋䕑 ҷ 䳛԰⫼ Pushover ⱘ 䬂ϔℹǄ ⾡㾕ⱘջ 㥋䕑 ῵ ϟ[2]:῵ ϔ˖ 䕑῵ ˈ㒧 ջ Ϣ䆹䋼䞣 ℷ↨ˈ㒧㄀i ջ ⱘ 䞣i F ΔЎ˖1Ni ij b j F W W V =§·Δ=Δ¨¸©¹¦(1)῵ Ѡ˖ ϝ㾦䕑῵ ˈ 㒧䗳 ⊓催㒓 ˈ㒧㄀i ջ ⱘ 䞣i F ΔЎ˖1Ni i ij j b j F W h W h V =§·Δ=Δ¨¸©¹¦(2)῵ ϝ:催ㄝ ῵ ˖1Nkk i i i j j b j F W h W h V =§·Δ=Δ¨¸©¹¦(3)ЁˈN Ў㒧 ˈh i ǃh j Ў㒧 i j 䎱䴶催 ˗V b Ў ˈW i ǃW j Ў㒧㄀i j ⱘ䞡㥋䕑ҷ㸼 Ǆ㗗㰥⍋⋟ 㒧 ⡍⚍ˈ 䖬 Ϟ䚼䋼䞣⚍ 䲚Ё 䖯㸠㽚 ǄIII. 䅵ㅫ῵ ⱘ ゟA. ḽ ⳌѦ԰⫼῵⍋⋟㒧乏㗗㰥 -㒧 П䯈ⱘⳌѦ԰⫼Ǆ⡍ ḽ 㒧 ⱘ ˈ⬅Ѣ Ϣ㒧 ⳌѦ԰⫼ⱘ ⧚Ⳍ ˈ䗝 ⧚ ⱘ῾ 䅵ㅫ ⊩ 䯂乬ⱘ 䬂ǄⳂ Џ㽕ⱘㅔ 䅵ㅫ ⊩ ˖㒓 ⊩ǃ䴲㒓 p-y 㒓⊩ㄝǄϡ䖛㒧 ℹ䆒䅵䰊↉ˈ⬅Ѣ 䌘 ⱘ㔎Уˈ 䞛⫼ ㄝ ḽ⊩Ǆ䖭⾡ ⊩ Ёⱘḽ㝓⫼ϔ↉ϟッ ⱘϢ ϡ 㾺ⱘㄝ ḽ ҷ Ǆㄝ ḽⱘ Փ ⊹䴶㒓 ⱘ ⡍ Ϣ ⱘḽ 㗺 ⱘ㒧 Ⳍ Ǆ ⊹䴶ϟ ḽ 䆒㕂ッ ῵ ḽ ⳌѦ԰⫼[3]ǄB. ∈⍋⋟ ԡѢ∈ϟⱘ䚼㒧 ˈ 䛑䚼 ∈ԧ䱣Пϔ䍋䖤 Ǆ ℸ⍋⋟ 㗗㰥䰘 ∈䋼䞣Ǆ䰘 ∈䋼䞣Џ㽕Ϣ∈ϟ ӊⱘ ԩ ⢊ ˈḍ ⌕ԧ ˈ 䰤䭓ἁ 䴶ⱘ ԧ 䚼⍌≵Ѣ 䰤ⱘ⧚ ⌕ԧЁˈ ⳈѢ㒉䕈 ⊓ⴔ ἁ 䴶ⱘ Џ䕈 ԰ 䗳䖤 ˈ ԧ ԡ䭓䰘 ∈䋼䞣Ў˖2m a ρπ= (4)ЁˈρЎ∈ ˈa Ў ԧⳈ Ǆ ḍ Ⳍ ⤂ ϡ㗗㰥 ∈䰏 ǄIV. ⍋⋟ 㒧 ⱘpushoverA. 䫄㒧䚼 ⱘ䋼䞣䲚Ё Ϟ䚼ˈ ℸ 䳛Ёˈ Џ㽕䲚Ё Ϟ䚼㒧 Ǆ⬅Ѣ 䳛ѻ⫳ⱘ ҙҙ ḽ㝓 ⸔䖭ѯϟ䚼㒧 ⱘ ˈ⍋⋟㒧 ⱘ ⶽ ⫳ ϟッˈ 䫄 ⦄ϟ䚼㒧 Ǆ ✻ ⱘ ⡍ ˈ 䞛⫼䕈䕈 ⶽ ԰⫼ⱘPMM 䫄Ǆ B. ԡ⿏㋏Ѣ⍋⋟ ˈ Т 䚼䋼䞣䛑䲚Ё Ϟ䚼㒧 Ǆ ℸ 䳛԰⫼ϟˈ㒧 ⱘ ҹ䖥Ԑⳟ 㞾⬅ ㋏㒳ⱘ Ǆ ℸ 㒧 ⱘԡ⿏㋏ г ҹ НЎϞ䚼㒧䋼䞣Ё ⱘ 䰤ԡ⿏Ϣ ԡ⿏П↨ǄѢㅔ ⱘ㒧 ӊˈ ҹ䗮䖛 ⥛Ϣԡ⿏ⱘ ㋏ˈ ⥛ ㋏ φμϢԡ⿏㋏ μΔП䯈ⱘ ㋏Ǆ ✻⣀ 㞖ḹ ˈԡ⿏㋏ ϢЈ⬠ 䴶ⱘ ⥛ ㋏ П䯈ⱘ ㋏Ў[1,2]:()()=1+3110.5p p l l l lφμμΔ−−(5) Ёˈp l Ў 䫄䭓 ˈl Ў㒧催 Ǆ C. 䴲䳛䳔∖䈅ⱘ ゟゟ䴲䳔∖䈅㒓 Pushover ⱘ䞡㽕 ԰Ǆ㔩䘛䳛԰⫼ϟˈ ∖ 䳛䳔∖Ϣ㒧䕑 կ㒭П䯈ⱘ ㋏ ˈ䳔㗗㰥㒧䴲㒓㗫㛑䋼䳛䳔∖ⱘ Ǆϔ⾡ ⊩ ⫼ㄝ㉬⒲䰏䆘Ԅ⒲ 䰏㉬⒲䰏 ⍜㛑ⱘ԰⫼ˈ ϔ⾡ ⊩ 䞛⫼䴲䈅Ǆ䴲䈅 ҹ䗮䖛䞣ⱘ㒳䅵䅵ㅫ ˈг ҹ䗮䖛㋏䈅䖯㸠 ˈҢ㗠㦋䴲䈅[4]Ǆ ⍋⋟ 䳛䆄䰤ˈϡ㛑䗖 ⱘ䴲䈅Ǆ ḍ ǉ⍋⋟ ⢊ ⊩ Ǌ㒭 ⱘ 䳛㋏㒓ˈ ⫼ ㋏䗴䴲䳔∖䈅Ǆ㋏ ϡҙϢ㒧 ˈ䖬⾡㋴ⱘ Ǆ䆌 ⷨお㗙ゟњ㗗㰥ϡ ㋴ⱘ ㋏ R Ϣԡ⿏㋏ μ῵ ǄVidic ゟњ㗗㰥ϡ 㒧 ⒲ 㛑䰏 ↨ⱘ䅵ㅫ῵ ˈ ⫼ ˄6˅ⱘR -μ ㋏῵ 䗴䴲䈅Ǆ()()0.751.35-11= 1.35-11o o o T T T T R T T μμ+≤°®+>°¯ (6)0.2o g=0.95T T μ (7)њR Ϣμ ㋏ ˈ ⫼ 8ǃ9 䈅䕀䴲䳔∖䈅Ǆ=e S S R αα(8)()2=2d S S T αμπ(9)e S αЎ 䗳䈅㒓Ϟⱘ 䗳 Ǆǉ⍋⋟ ⢊ ⊩ Ǌ㒭 ⱘ 䈅:1 䆒䅵䈅㒓Fig 1 Design response spectrum curveḍ ϡ 䳛⚜ ⱘ∈ 䳛䗳 ˈҹ䈅ˈ ⫼ (8) (9) 䗳䈅䖯㸠 ǃ ˈ ҹ ϡ ㉏ ϡ 䳛 ⱘ䴲䗳䈅ǃ䴲 ԡ⿏䈅ˈҹ 䴲䳔∖䈅Ǆḍ ǉ⍋⋟ ⢊ ⊩ Ǌ㒭 ⱘ 䈅ˈҹ䆒䅵㒘㄀Ѡ㒘ϝ㉏ 7 ǃ8 㔩䘛䳛Ў՟ˈ ゟ䴲䗳䈅䴲䳔∖䈅Ǆ050246810S a (m /s 2)T(S)Tg=0.55PGA=0.22g u=1~60510246810S a (m /s 2)T(S)Tg=0.55PGA=0.40g u=1~62 䗳䈅Fig 2 Acceleration response spectrum0500.10.20.3S a (m /s 2)S d (m)Tg=0.55PGA=0.22g u=1~6024681000.10.20.30.40.5S a (m /s 2)S d(m)Tg=0.55PGA=0.4g u=1~63 䳛䳔∖䈅Fig 3 Seismic demand spectraゟњ⍋⋟㒧 ⠽䴲䈅䴲䳔∖䈅㒓П ˈ ҹ ⫼ ⾡ջ 㥋䕑 ῵ ϡ 䳛⚜ ϟϡ ㉏ ⱘ⍋⋟㒧䖯㸠䳛㛑䆘ӋњǄV. ⿟ Ϣpushover 㛑㒓↨䕗 Ўㅔ 䅵ㅫˈ Ңϝ㓈ぎ䯈῵ ㅔ Ў 䲚Ё䋼䞣῵ ˈㅔ 䖛⿟䞛⫼ԭ㰮 ⧚ˈ㗗㰥㒧䯈 ˈ䆺㒚 ῵ ㅔ ℹ偸 ⤂[5]ˈ ϡ 䌬䗄Ǆㅔ ⱘ䅵ㅫ῵ ϟ˖4 䅵ㅫ῵ Ϣㅔ ⼎Fig 4 The platform model and sketch of the simplifyingЎ偠䆕Pushover ⊩ⱘ䗖⫼ ˈ 䗝⫼ 䳛䆄䖯㸠䴲㒓⿟ ˈ Ў䖕 ⊶ǃTaft ⊶ǃElcentro ⊶ ⋹⊶ˈ Ӏ 䗖⫼ѢI ㉏ǃII ㉏ǃIII ㉏ǃIV ㉏ Ǆ㸼1 䳛⊶Tab.1 The earthquake record䳛⊶ 䗳 m/s 2㓁䯈s䖕 ⊶ 1.5039 23.11 Taft ⊶1.5270 54.36Elcentro ⊶3.4170 53.73⋹⊶1.4580 19.19 㛑㒓 Pushover ⊩ ⱘ䞡㽕㒧 Ǆ ㅫ՟ 䞛⫼ ϝ㾦 ῵ ǃ ῵ ǃ催ㄝ ῵ ǃ䲚Ё ῵ ㅫ՟㒧䖯㸠㽚 ˈ 㒧乊䚼ԡ⿏ ⱘ ㋏㒓ˈ Ϣ⫼䳛䆄䖯㸠㞾⬅ ⿟ ⱘ㒧㛑㒓䖯㸠↨䕗Ǆ ⫼䴲㒓⿟ ⊩ 㒧䖯㸠䅵ㅫ ˈ䞛⫼䗤ℹ 催䳛⊶ 䗳 ⱘ ⊩䅵ㅫ㒧 ⱘ㛑㒓Ǆ ↣ϔϾ 䗳 ⱘ㒧 ⱘ 乊䚼ԡ⿏ ˈ԰Ў㛑㒓ϞⱘϔϾ⚍Ǆ䅵ㅫ㒧 5 ⼎Ǆⱘ䴲㒓⿟∖㾷䞛⫼New mark 䯈⿃ ⊩ˈ 㒧䕗Ԣˈ 㗗㰥P-ǻ Ǆ↨ ⿟ ⱘ㒧㛑㒓Ϣ ⾡ջ῵ ϟ ⱘ 㽚㒓 ϟ˖051004812(105K N )乊䚼ԡ⿏(m)㛑㒓 ↨pushover⿟5 䳛㛑㒓 ↨ Fig 5 comparison of the capacity curveҢ 5 ҹⳟ ˈ ⿟ ⱘ㛑㒓 Ϟ䛑 ϔϾ ⱘ ↉ˈϢpushover ⱘ 䳛㛑㒓 ⚍ ϔ↉Ⳍ↨ˈ䖭 Ⳉ㒓ⱘ ⥛䛑↨䕗䖥Ǆ 㾕ˈpushover ⊩԰Ўㅔ ⱘ 䳛 ⊩ ⍋⋟㒧䳛㛑 ⱘ䆘Ԅ㒧 ҹ⒵䎇㽕∖ⱘǄVI. 㒧䇁䩜 ⍋⋟ 㒧 ⱘ 䳛㛑 ⷨおˈ䩜 ⍋⋟ 㒧 ⡍⚍ ゟњ 䋼⚍䅵ㅫ῵ Ǆḍ 䈅ゟњ䗖 ⍋⋟㒧 Pushover ⱘ䴲䈅䴲䳛䳔∖䈅Ǆ䗝 ⱘ 䳛⊶ ㅫ՟䖯㸠䴲㒓⿟ ˈ Ѣϡ ջ ῵ ϟ ⱘ㒧㛑㒓䖯㸠 ↨ˈ㒧⼎ ⫼pushover ⊩⍋⋟ 䖯㸠䳛㛑䆘Ӌ 㸠ⱘǄ ⍋⋟㒧ⱘ 䳛ⷨお ϔ 㗗 НǄ R EFERENCES [1] Chunguang Liu, Seismic response and estimating seismicperformance for bridges[M]. 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