大学英语四级考试备考模拟试题(3)

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Plastic Bags: Friend or Foe". You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelowinChinese:2008年6月1日起,中国开始实行"限塑令",对此:1. 有人认为,塑料袋给人们的生活带来了便利,不应限制使用；2. 有人认为,塑料袋的使用带来了很多问题,应该被限制；3. 我认为……Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. Forquestions1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Bill Gates has retired. He is still only 52, and he is going off to spend more time guiding the world’s richest philanthropic(慈善的) organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He will still be Microsoft’s chairman and the largest shareholder, but June 27, 2008 was his last day as a full-time worker at the software giant, marking the unofficial end of his career as a business leader.What a career it has been! Mr. Gates has been an animating force behind the personal computer revolution, helping to build a huge global industry and design successful products like Windows and Office, used every day in offices and homes around the world.The Harvard dropout was the wealthiest person on the planet for years —worth more than $100 billion in 1999 —though his fortune is now about half that because of the decline of Microsoft’s shares and his continuing donations to his foundation, which is focused on global health and education.Despite his success, Mr. Gates is moving on as the company he co-founded in 1975 is struggling to find its way. The focus of technology has shifted from PCs to the Internet, altering the old rules of competition that were so lucratively (获利多地) mastered by Microsoft.For millions of users, mobile devices like cellphones are beginning to edge out PCs as the tool of choice for many computing tasks. And Google, the front runner in the current wave of Internet computing, has taken away the title of hightechleadership from Microsoft.Although Mr. Gates will spend one day a week at the company, it will be up to his successors, led by Steven A. Ballmer, the chief executive, to overcome the challenges of the Internet or watch Microsoft’s wealth and leadership in the industry steadily eroded (侵蚀). "Bill’s legacy is Windows and Office, and that will be a rich advantage for years to come, but it’s not the future," said David B. Yoffie, a professor at the Harvard Business School. Still, the Gates’legacy is impressive. In addition to the software itself, Mr. Gates and his company have fundamentally shaped how people think about competition in many industries where technology plays a central role. Today, there are more than one billion copies of the Windows operating system on PCs around the world.Industry experts and economists say that Windows is not necessarily the most satisfying software for running the basic operations of a personal computer —Apple’s Macintosh can claim the most devout fan club. But Mr. Gates grasped and deployed two related concepts on a scale no one ever had in the past: "the network effects" and the creation of "a technology platform".Put simply, a network effect describes a phenomenon in which the value of a product goes up as more people use it. E-mail messaging and telephones are classic examples.A technology platform is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services. The more people using the tools, the more popular the platform can become. Mr. Gates took advantage of both notions and combined them to build Microsoft’s dominance in PCs, spreading their influence with computer makers and software developers.Today, there are many thousands of software applications that run on the Windows platform, not only word processing and spreadsheets but also the specialized programs in doctors’offices, factory floors and retail stores —a very broad network on a technology platform."Gates saw software as a separate market from hardware before anyone else, but his great insight was recognizing the power of the network effects surrounding the software," said Michael Cusumano, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management. That, Professor Cusumano added, was the essential difference in the paths of Microsoft and Apple, the early leaders in personal computing. Apple, he said, focused on making outstanding products alone, while Microsoft nurtured a growing ecosystem of outside software developers who used and were dependent on Microsoft’s technology. The result, he added, was that, while Apple continued to make outstanding products, more than 90% of personal computers ran on Microsoft software.In the early years, it was unclear how much Mr. Gates was pursuing each opportunity as it came, as opposed to carrying out a grand strategy. He certainly had large ambitions. When he was a Harvard undergraduate, Mr. Gates lamented (为……遗憾) that so many of his fellow students pursued a "narrow track for success" instead of being willing to "take big risks to do big things". In A Harvard Business School Case Study, published in 1994, Mr. Gates spoke of Microsoft’s strategy in terms ofnetwork effects and technology standards which enabled the company to command markets. "We look for businesses where we can garner (取得,获得) large market shares, not just 30% or 35%,"he said.In the past, Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished (击败) rivals, even when it came late to markets, as it did in the first wave of Internet technology. Mr. Gates’wise 1995 decision to embrace Internet browsing technology and attack the early leader, Netscape Communications, started a pitched antitrust battle (激烈的反垄断战)with the government. "But he extended Microsoft’s hegemony (霸权) for a decade,"said Mitchell Kapor, a long-time rival.However, Microsoft is lagging badly in the current round of Internet competition, and analysts say it is facing more formidable (可怕的,难以克服的) challenges this time —notably Google. Microsoft’s share of Internet search in the United States is less than 10%, while Google holds more than 60% and Yahoo has about 20%. And searching is only part of the new platform on the Web, which includes social networks like Facebook and MySpace and Internet-based alternatives to traditional desktop software, including e-mail messaging, word processors and spreadsheets.1. According to the passage, Gates has left Microsoft.2. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is focusing on education and health.3. Recently, Microsoft programs have been focusing on the Internet.4. The income of Google has now exceeded that of Microsoft.5. Undoubtedly, Windows is the most pleasing software for running the basic operations of a personal computer.6. Today, there are few software applications that run on the Windows platform.7. Microsoft faced a pitched antitrust battle with the government in 1995.8. _______________ is a set of tools or services that others can use to build their own products or services.9. Although in the past Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished rivals, it is lagging badly in_____________.10. __________________ is now the CEO of Microsoft, hoping to overcome the challenges of the Internet.art III Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.As the price of fuel continues to climb, more drivers are trying to save 20 or so cents a gallon by using 11 or midgrade gasoline, even when their owner’s manualsrecommend premium (额外补贴). For gas station managers, fuel suppliers and motorists across the country, the run on the cheaper fuel has 12 to more uncertainty at the pumps (油泵), as some stations have run 13 of the cheaper grades. "Even people with the highend cars are cutting corners and using the cheaper 14 ,"said Dominick Vallera, the manager of a Shell station on Capitol Avenue in Hartford. "It’s got us 15 guessing how much to order."For nearly 48 hours last week, Mr. Vallera had to put yellow bags on pump handles and white signs over the meters for the regular gas pumps because he had run dry. Because the compa-nies that 16 his station are paid by the delivery, Mr. Vallera said, they want to deliver more 17 , so their trucks carry only the amount that has been ordered in 18 , not any extra to top up a station’s 19 tanks. If motorists show up in large numbers and use more than the 20 amount of regular gas, a station may run out before the next delivery, he said.A) predicted I) outB) often J) eliminateC) transmit K) regularD) supply L) advanceE) led M) constantlyF) absolutely N) directG) stuff O) storageH) vanished■Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The price of oil has risen to more than 120 dollars a barrel. Some experts say the most recent price increase is only the beginning. Experts at the investment bank, Goldman Sachs, have predicted that oil could reach 200 dollars a barrel.Unrest in oil producing countries has been partly to blame. Last weekend, a rebel group in Nigeria said it had attacked an oil center in Bayelsa state. Nigeria is the 8th biggest oil exporter in the world. Also, Iraq is slowly re-building its oil production ability. Iraq’s industry minister says that the country’s oil production is currently at about 2 million barrels of oil a day. He says that could increase to 5 million barrels of oil a day in two to three years, depending on how much foreign help Iraq receives. The Venezuelan government’s efforts to control its oil industry have in-creased tensions with foreign oil producers. And Russia, the world’s 2nd largest exporter, has also sought to in-crease government control of its energy resources. Nationalization of oil resources often forces out foreign investment that would normally seek to increase supplies.Another cause of high oil prices is the weak American dollar. Oil is traded in dollars, so a less valuable dollar buys less oil. But experts have noted that the weakdollar alone cannot explain the increase of about 85% in the price of oil over the last year.The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) is the world’s largest oil producing group. It says its member nations like Kuwait, Venezuela and Nigeria, not including Iraq, are investing 120 billion dollars in over 100 new oil projects. OPEC says it produces about 45% of the world’s oil exports. In the past, non-OPEC producers like Russia, Mexico and Norway, have increased production to meet demand. But these nations have struggled to keep production at the levels of recent years. Norway’s production, for example, has decreased by 25% since 2001.The expanding economies of Asia, especially China and India, have increased pressure on world supplies. Meeting demand appears to be harder than ever before.21. What can we know about OPEC?A) It is a company that invests money in oil producing countries.B) It is the world’s largest oil producing group.C) It is the world’s largest oil producing country.D) It is a company that exports oil to other countries.22. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A) Unrest in oil producing countries is one reason for the increase in oil prices.B) Another cause of high oil prices is the weak American dollar.C) OPEC says it produces about fifty-four percent of the world’s oil exports.D) Some non-OPEC producers can’t produce all the oil they need.23. Which of the following are OPEC member nations?A) Nigeria, Venezuela and Norway.B) Nigeria, Venezuela and Russia.C) Russia, Mexico and Norway.D) Nigeria, Venezuela and Kuwait.24. What can we learn from this passage?A) Some experts say oil prices will go down soon.B) If Iraq got more help from foreign countries, it would increase its oil production.C) Now, the same amount of dollars can buy more oil than before.D) OPEC is not active in dealing with the oil problems.25. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) China and India are developed countries in Asia.B) China and India have increased pressure on the world economy.C) To meet the oil demand of the whole world appears to be harder than ever before.D) It is becoming harder and harder for countries to come to an agreement.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A yearly meeting of all the member countries in the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) was held this week in Geneva, Switzerland. Delegates from 193 countries discussed the progress and set policy for the coming year. The W.H.O., a United Nations’agency, is 60 years old this year.But Director-General Margaret Chan, as she opened the World Health Assembly, noted that the delegates were meeting at a time of tragedy. She expressed sympathy to millions of people affected by the recent cyclone in Burma, also known as Myanmar, and the earthquake in China.Doctor Chan said three crises lie ahead that threat international security and will affect human health. One is food security, another is climate change and the third is the threat of a worldwide outbreak of influenza. She said the world produces enough food to feed everyone —in fact, she added, far too many people are overfed. Yet now, food prices have risen sharply. She noted that the crisis hits the poor the hardest, and that the more a family spends on food, the less it has for health care. The W.H.O. chief said climate change will also hit the poor the hardest but, to a greater or lesser extent, will affect all countries. She said more droughts, floods and storms mean greater demands for humanitarian aid. And, she warned, it will mean a growing number of environmental refugees. And, thirdly, Doctor Chan warned of a continued threat of pandemic influenza. She said it would be very unwise for governments not to prepare. She urged delegates to support a W.H.O. resolution on the sharing of influenza viruses for research and to make vaccines (疫苗) widely available.The W.H.O. this week also released its "World Health Statistics Report for 2008". Agency officials said fewer people are dying of infectious diseases. In more and more countries, they said, the chief causes of death are conditions such as heart disease and stroke. By 2030, non-communicable conditions are expected to cause more than 3/4 of all deaths. Almost 1/3 of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease and traffic accidents. The number one cause of preventable deaths is tobacco. More than 8 million tobacco-related deaths are predicted in 2030 —80% of them in developing countries.26. What do we know about the W.H.O.?A) There will be a yearly meeting of all the member countries held in Geneva, Switzerland.B) It is a United Nations’agency.C) There are 190 member countries in the W.H.O.D) It is fifty years old this year.27. Why did Doctor Chan say the delegates were meeting at a time of tragedy?A) Oil prices are increasing sharply in 2008.B) Food prices have been going up recently.C) More people are dying of diseases now than in the past.D) There have been many natural disasters recently like the cyclone in Burma and the earthquake in China.28. What are the three crises lying ahead that will affect human health?A) Food security, heart disease and influenza.B) Food security, climate change and influenza.C) Cancer, heart disease and influenza.D) Cancer, heart disease and climate change.29. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) In more and more countries, the chief cause of death is cancer.B) Almost 1/4 of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease and traffic accidents.C) Agency officials said that fewer people are dying of infectious diseases.D) More than eight million tobacco-related deaths are predicted in 2020.30. What is the main idea of this passage?A) Three growing threats the world faces.B) The continued threat of pandemic influenza.C) Millions of people affected by the recent cyclone.D) Non-communicable conditions causing lots of deaths.Part IV Cloze(15minutes)Directions:Part IV Cloze(15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Is carbon dioxide the "villain" in the atmosphere? It is not very 31 and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 % —that it does us no 32 .What’s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants 33 carbon dioxide as their food, where it then serves 34 the basic component in all food consumed by animals. In the process, plants 35 oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life. Here is what this 36 harmless but actually hazardous gas is doing to us:The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. 37 , it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the 38 of the next hundred years.39 , the sea will reach two hundred feet 40 its present level, and will be 41 the windows on the twenti-eth floors of Manhattan’s skyscrapers.To 42 are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first 43 , then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The burning produces much carbon dioxide.44 , the Earth’s forests have been 45 , slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now they are disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.46 , not only is more carbon dioxide being 47 to the atmosphere through the burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being 48 from the atmosphere by plants.The 49 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is steadily rising. With the Earth’s average temperature in-creasing, the polar ice caps are beginning to 50 , and the sea level is rising. Who is the "villain"? Carbon dioxide? Perhaps not.31. A) poisonous B) nutritious C) active D) negative32. A) goodness B) danger C) harm D) advantage33. A) find B) use C) practice D) employ34. A) as B) for C) like D) to35. A) transmit B) release C) take D) relieve36. A) definitely B) seemingly C) undoubtedly D) surely37. A) To begin with B) All in all C) In all likelihood D) In a word38. A) process B) period C) time D) course39. A) However B) Eventually C) Clearly D) Obviously40. A) below B) beneath C) above D) over41. A) punching B) shaking C) bumping D) splashing42. A) charge B) accuse C) blame D) reproach43. A) paperB) cloth C) coal D) plastic44. A) Secondly B) Firstly C) Meanwhile D) Maybe45. A) growing B) disappearing C) cutting D) replanting46. A) ThusB) Furthermore C) Moreover D) Finally47. A) increased B) reduced C) added D) poured48. A) brought B) removed C) produced D) created49. A) construction B) formation C) concentration D) distribution50. A) thicken B) break C) melt D) strengthenPart V Translation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.51. It would be wise to ____________________________(冷静耐心地处理这个微妙的问题).52. When the teacher came upstairs to check on us kids, ____________________________(我转过身假装睡着了).53. The exhibition is very popular and is ____________________(吸引着源源不断的参观者).54. _______________________ (这个房间有股霉味). It must have been vacant for a long time.55. He is a _______________________________(心胸狭窄的男人).Part I WritingOne possible version:Plastic Bags: Friend or FoeOn June 1st, 2008, China started to carry on a new policy called "Plastic Bag Restriction Policy "in order to reduce the use of plastic bags in the country. Undoubtedly, there is a heated discussion going on about whether plastic bags should be used or not.Some people don’t agree with the idea of restricting the use of plastic bags. They believe that plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are provided in both supermarkets and corner stores. These bags do make people’s lives more convenient because shoppers don’t have to bring either bags or baskets when going shopping. They are also very cheap and usually offered free of charge. They are people’s friends.However, other people stand on the opposite ground. They believe plasticbags lead to serious consequences. The plastic bags some people throw away casually create white pollution in our environment, which is very harmful, as the bags cannot be broken down easily. Therefore, they are foes of the environment.There is some truth in both arguments. However, I favor the latter side. After all, it might be better for people to use traditional cloth bags to carry goods instead of plastic ones.Part IIReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. N。