英美文化常识(北外保送生考试常年保留题型!!!)
1.What are the two major parties in Britan?
------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.
2.What is the official full name of Britain?
-----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
3.Who is the head of government in Ireland?
-----It is the Prime Minister.
4.Who is James Joyce?
-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.
5.Who were the first Americans?
------They were the Indians.
6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?
-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.
7.What is bilingualism?
-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.
8.What are the geographical feature of Australia as a continent?
------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.
9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?
------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.
10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?
------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.
11.What is the Renaissance?
------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.
12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?
------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.
13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?
------Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.
14.How many states are there in the United States?
------There are 50 states in the United States.
15.What is Hispanic?
------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.
16.What is the Bill of Rights?
-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
17.What is the Canada Council?
-----It is the Canadian Government’s funding agency.
18.What is Aborigines?
-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.
19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?
------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.
20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?
------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.
21.What was Queen Mary known as?
e last
------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost th
British possession on the continent------French port of calais.
22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?
-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”．
23.What is the House of Lords made up of?
------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.
24.What are the two major parties in Ireland?
------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael.
25.What is meant by “Vietnamization” of the war?
--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.
26.Which country is the world’s biggest producer and user of tobacco?
------It is the U.S.A..
27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?
-------He was Benjamin Franklin.
28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?
------He was Sir John Macdonald.
29.What was the convict system?
------In the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places.
30.How is New Zealand electricity produced?
------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.
31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?
-----It is the Church of England.
32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?
------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.
33.Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?
------Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea.
34.What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?
-----It can be described as “mild,moist and changeable”．
35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?
-----It began after the America War of Independence.
36.Where is the president of the United States’ offcial residence?
-----The White House is his official residence.
37.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?
------People often say that the history of Canada is a history of immigration.
38.What is “urban sprawl’’？
------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.
39.What is the way of changing the constitution in Australia?
------The Constitution can be changed only by referendum.
40.Where is the volcanic activity in New Zealand?
------The volcanic activity can be found on the central plateau in North Island.
41.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?
------They are the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands.
42.What was the Gunpowder plot of 1605?
------It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.
43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?
-----It began with the textile industry.
44.What is the capital of Ireland?
------It is Dublin.
45.Which state is the largest in the United States?
------Alaska is the largest one.
46.What is the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?
-----In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationist.
47.What is affirmative action?
------It is the preferential treatment for minorities and women in education and employment.
48.What was established in 1670 in Canada?
------The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.
49.Which hemisphere is Australia in?
------It is in the Southern hemisphere.
50.Where is the capital of New Zealand?
------It is Wellington.
51.Who were the Vikings?
-----The Vikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark.
52.Which system was completely established under William in English?
-----The feudal system was completely established under William in English.
53.What are the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales?
-----They are the Country Courts.
54.When did Ireland declare itself a republic?
------Ireland declared itself a republic on April 18,1949.
55.Where is known as the agricultural capital of the U.s.?
-----Omaha is known as the argricultural capital of the U.S.A..
56.What is the most central functions of the Congress in America?
-----It is the passage of laws.
57.What is Mark Twain’s master work?
-----It is the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.
58.Which city is Canada’s largest city?
-----It is Toronto.
59.What was Australia called in the 1950s?
------Australia was called “the lucky country”in the 1950s.
60.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geography?
-----It is mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.
61.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed,nor any execution of the king in Britain?
------It is the Glorious Revolution.
62.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?
-------There are steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.
63.What is a constitutional monarchy?
------It is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but
does not rule.
64.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?
-----It is English.
65.Which are some of the biggest cities in the U.S.?
------They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia.
66.Who drafted The Declaration of Independence in the U.S.?
------He was Thomas Jefferson..
67.Which country is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products?
-----It is the United States.
68.In what way does Quebec differ from the other provinces of Canada?
-----It differs from the other provinces because it has strong French culture.
69.What is nations largest and most diverse industry today in Australia?
-----It is agriculture.
70.What percentage are Maori to the population of New Zealand?
------About 10% are Maori or part Maori.
71.Where are mostly highland and lowland in Great Britian?
-----The north and west of Britian are mainly highlands,while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.
72.What is Heptarchy?
-----By the end of the 7th century, England was divided into seven kingdoms which was,called Heptarchy.
73.What did England appear in the 18th century,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines?
-----The Industrial Revolution appeared in England in the 18th century.
74.What is the basic ethnic stock in Ireland?
------It is Celtic.
75.What does tariff protection mean?
-----It means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.
76.What is the full name of the U.S.?
-----It is the United States of America.
77.What is the general view of Americans on education?
-----It is that every American has the right and obligation to become educated.
78.What does Governor-General represent?
----It represents the Queen.
79.Which three periods are the history of Australia divided into?
-----They ae the arrival of Aborigines,the colonization of Australia by the British,and the Commonwealth of Australia.
80.Who was the first European come to New Zealand and What was his nationality?
-----He was Abel Tasman and was a Dutchman.
81.What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?
------They are Whigs.
82.How many members are there in the House of Commons?
------There are 651 members in the House of Commons.
83.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots,Welsh and Irish?
------The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while those the Scots,Welsh and Irish are
Celts.
84.What is the Republican Army?
------It is a terrorist or organization dedicated to the union of all Ireland as one country under one
government.
85.Which three countries have the largest populations in the world?
------China,India and the United States have the largest population in the world.
86.Who led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery,Alabama?
-----He is Martin Luther King,Jr.
87.What is the “ Lost Generation”？
------It refers 60s young intellectuals who becames disappointed and bitter after World War II.
88.What are most industries in Canada?
------It is manufacturing.
89.Who was the first Prime Minister in Australia?
-----He was Edmund Barton.
90.What are two main islands in New Zealand?
------They are North Island and South Island.
91.Who were the Lollards?
----They were poor priests and travelling prea chers who were John Wyclif’s followers in the 14th
century.
92.What has the new farming been called in Britain?
----It has been called agribusiness.
93.What does the NHS provide in Britain?
----It provides the family health,hospital and specialist services.
94.Who is the head of state in Ireland?
------The head of state is the president.
95.Who were the Puritans?
----The Puritans were the members of a Protestand group in England who wanted to purify the
Church of England.
96.Which three branches is the U.S. government divided into?
------They are the legislative,the executive and the judicial.
97.What is adult education also called now?
-------It is also called”continuing education” programs or “lifelong education” programs.
98.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’ War between the British and the French?
------After the Seven Years’ War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North
America.
99.What is the role of the Senate in Australia?
------The senate has the very nearly equal power as the House of Representatives,except that it has
no power to deal with money bills.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/735485973.html,cation in New Zealand is free,secular and compulsory,What does this sentence mean?
-----It means that no tuition fee is paid,no school is run by religious party and every child must go
to school to study.
西方人眼中的数字
生活中的数字(number)无处不在，但有写数字带有固定的象征意义。由于中西方国家文化背
景和风俗习惯的不同，它的意义和用法也有很大的差异，听我来介绍一下吧。
就像咱们中国人(Chinese)偏爱数字8(eight)和6(six)，忌讳4(four)一样，西方人认为3(three)和7(seven)是大吉大利的数字，会给人带来幸福和快乐。
西方文化认为世界(the world)是由大地(land),海洋(sea)与天空(sky)三者合成的；大自然由动
物(animal),植物(plant)和矿物构成,所以他们就特别喜欢3这个数字。
但是西方人认为13 (thirteen)是个不祥的数字。重大活动不安排在13号，请客避免13人入席，电影院里没有第13排和13号座位。
这是因为耶稣受难的前夜，和12个门徒共进晚餐，师徒13人中出现了一个叛徒犹大，因此，信奉基督教的民族都认为13是个不祥的数字。
国家的奥秘
拓展孩子对英美文化和历史的了解，本期学科学习给您和孩子提供了这方面的内容，欢迎查看！
“英国”的种种表达：
英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称为联合王国，缩写为the U.K. 。英国由两个大岛组成，一个是大不
列颠，另一个是爱尔兰岛北部。大不列颠由威尔士（Wales），英格兰（England）和苏格兰（Scotland）三部分组成，其中英格兰面积最大，人口最多，所以人们谈起英国的时候常常
称之为England或者Britain。
国家名称和大写字母
大家一定都知道我们的祖国的英语名称是China吧！但是提到PRC，可能很多同学就不
知道了，其实PRC也是中国的意思！在英语中，为了使用方便，很多国家名称都可以用几
个简单的大写字母来代替，如：
PRC =the People's Republic of China中国（中华人民共和国）
CAN = Canada 加拿大
US = USA = the United States of America 美国（美利坚合众国）
UK = the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)英国（大不列颠及北爱尔
兰联合王国）
大写字母不仅能代表国家名称的缩略形式，还有许多的用途，例如：厕所WC；世界贸易组织WTO；光盘CD等。大家不妨搜集一下，把这些有意义的大写字母都放在一起，好
好领略领略大写字母的魅力吧！
西方的进餐礼仪
欧美国家(country)的餐桌大多是长方形的，男主人(host)坐在桌子的一端，女主人(hostess)坐在另一端，通常安排座位时要尽量避免两位男宾或两位女宾并坐在一起。
就餐时，身体(body)要坐得端正，身体和餐桌间距离以能使用刀(knife)、叉(fork)、匙(spoon)和饮食方便为度，手臂不要放在桌上，也不要张开妨碍别人。餐巾只用于擦嘴(mouth)和手(hands),切不可用来擦拭餐具和擦鼻涕、擦汗。用餐完毕后收起餐巾放在盘子(plate)右方。使用knife, fork和spoon时，不要弄出声音，不用时，也不要用手摆弄刀叉玩。
当一道菜吃完，或不想再吃时，就把刀和叉并排放在一起，刀叉的柄朝自己胸部。如未吃完，只是为了谈话暂时停吃，就把刀叉摆成“八”字形，这样服务员就不会把盘子收走。
女主人通常是主持整个宴会(party)的主人，大家注意她的动作。入席时，特别是小型宴
会，一般总要等女宾先坐下后，男宾才坐下。男宾最好还要帮邻座的女宾拉椅子。上菜后，
一般要等女主人动手吃后，客人们(guests)才吃。宴会结束时，也由她领头离席。
西方的进餐礼仪还有很多呢，学习英语时老师也会给孩子讲到相关内容。如果有机会和孩子
一起吃西餐，或者其他正餐时，何不提醒孩子注意这些餐桌礼仪呢，让孩子变得更礼貌，更
文雅。
在美国打的
你经常打的吗？Do you often take a taxi? 那么你们知道在美国“打的”的规矩吗？俗话说: “When in Rome, do as Romans do.”（入乡随俗）, 所以我们也要知道一些人家的风俗。
In America, if you sit ahead when you take a taxi，the driver will be very happy. 在美国，如果你坐在车前座上，司机会很高兴，他会一路上与你谈笑风生。But if you sit at the back, the driver will not say a word to you. 但是，如果你坐在后座上，司机则跟你一句话也不说。即便你主
动搭讪，人家也爱搭不理的。
原来啊，如果你坐在前面，说明你把司机当作了朋友；你若坐在了后面，便表明对方成了纯
粹为你服务的司机，你们就是雇佣关系了。
现在人们往往还是寻求金钱（money）以外的尊重（respect）与友谊（friendship），这看上去虽然只是个座位的问题，但却体现了人与人之间的尊重。
所以啊，如果您有机会在美国打的“take a taxi”，可要记得坐在前面啊！
感觉到了吗？学英语其实是件很有趣的事情，你可以从中了解到当地的风俗，人们的日常生活，而不仅仅是单一的词汇。英语，作为一种语言的魅力，你发现了吗？
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英美文化口语考试话题
Chapter One: Understanding the Culture of the United States 1. Who established the dominant American culture? Immigrants, most immigrants were from northern Europe, and the majority were from England. Their values and traditions became the dominant, traditional culture of the United States. Chapter Two: Traditional American Values and Beliefs 2. What are the six traditional American values and beliefs? Individual freedom and self-reliance，equality of opportunity and competition，material wealth and hard work。 Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage 3. What is the most important heritage of Protestantism in the United States? Self-improvement（p54）。Material success，hard work。Self-discipline。Volunteerism and humanitarianism（人道主义） Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage 4. What is the “Protestant work ethic” according to our textbook? The belief in hard work and self-discipline in pursuit of material gain and other goals is often referred to as …the Protestant work ethic?.(p55 13) Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 5. What does "frontier" refer to in American history? American macho heroes. Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 6. What are the two new values derived from the American frontier? Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. (p77) Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 7. Why did the sale of guns rise after 9/11? How Americans reacted to 911 reveals another legacy of the frontier: Americans? willingness to take the law into their own hands to protect themselves and their families. This tendency usually appears when Americans believe the police cannot adequately protect them.
英美文化背景 英美文化及其风俗习惯
英美文化及其风俗习惯 1．关于个人隐私：英美人特别注重个人隐私，他们认为个人的事不必让别人知道，更不愿让别人干预，当陌生人或不大熟悉的人提出How old are you?(你多大了?)／How much do you make? (你赚多少钱?)／Are you married? (你结婚了吗?)等涉及年龄、收入、婚姻状况、宗教信仰等问题时，都被认为有失礼貌。因此，在与英美人交往时，应避免问及有关隐私的问题。 2．被邀做客带什么?在英美等国家，如果被邀请去别人家里做客，除非遇到一些重大的节日或婚礼、生日等特殊的场合，通常只需带上一点小礼物或一束鲜花即可。如果是好朋友相邀，则送不送礼物都可以，如果一定要送点什么，也不需要买过于贵重的东西，礼物可以是一瓶酒，一块巧克力，一张有纪念意义的明信片等。在接过礼物后，接受礼物的人则会马上打开礼物，并说一些赞赏的话，而赠送礼物的人衷心地说一声“Thank you very much.”也是必不可少的。 3．在欧美国家，当你乘坐出租车或在饭店、旅店消费，进行理发或美容时，除车费、饭钱、住宿费等应付的账单外，常常还需支付一定的小费。小费的比例一般为账单的10％-15％。人们通常给出租车司机、理发师、美容师、旅馆行李员小费。但在饮食店和旅馆，如果小费已经算在账单里了，通常就不必再给小费了。给小费是尊重对方劳动的礼貌行为。 4．当你接到美国人请你到家做客的邀请时，你或许会感到困惑，不知道在美国人家里怎么做。其实很简单，大部分美国人都希望你在做客时表现得自然，你没必要过于拘谨。一般来说，美国人对于朋友的到访都带有随意的态度。他们希望你能感到轻松、舒适，就像你在自己家里一样。当然，在别人家里有些事你是不能做的，比如说，不经允许就开冰箱拿可乐喝或乱翻动桌子上的资料等是不礼貌的。英美国家，介绍互不相识的双方认识有习惯的顺序：先把家人介绍给主人，把男子介绍给女子，把年幼者介绍给年长者，把位卑者介绍给位尊者。 5．当你收到你不想接受的邀请时，你该如何拒绝呢?在英语中，有许多表示拒绝的用语。他们有的口气强硬，有的较委婉。对别人的邀请委婉地拒绝会更有礼貌，也让人容易接受。比如：“I'm sorry．but I'm busy on Saturday．(对不起，我星期六很忙。)”而不能说：“No. I don't want to go．(不，我不想去。)”又比如，你可以说：“I’d like t0 play tennis，but I have something else to do．(我喜欢打网球，可是我还有别的事要做。)”而避免说：“No，I don't want to play tennis with you．(我不想和你去打网球。)” 6．“这些东西多少钱(How much is it)?”在各国都是一个普通但重要的问题。在使用时各国却存在一个文化的差异。在亚洲的大部分国家，在小商店里向店主询问商品价格并讨价还价(bargain)是很自然的事。但在美国和其他西方国家，即使是小店，每样商品的包装上都有价格标签(price tag)。你不需询问价格，只用按照标签上的价格付钱即可，人们极少讨价还价。但是除了商品本身的价格外，人们通常还需另付商品价格5％～8．5％的消费税。
英美文化概论考试16年
1
Which one is wrong about the Great Depression?( )
1.0 分
?
A、
The Great Depression started with the crash of the New York stock market.
?
B、
More than 9000 banks closed down.
?
C、
It took a short time for the New York Stock to recover.
?
D、
Many people became homeless because of the Great Depression.
我的答案：C
2
About ( ) of Christians belong to Catholics.
1.0 分
?
45%
A、
?
50%
B、
?
55%
C、
?
60%
D、
我的答案：C
3
Which statement of following is wrong?( )
1.0 分
?
A、
There were many cold conflicts in the cold war, such as weapon competition and spying.
?
B、
Germany reunited in 1990.
?
C、
The USSR was dissolved in 1990.
?
D、
After the USSR dissovled, 15 new countries were created.
我的答案：C
4
The GFC Recession started in ( ).
1.0 分
?
the USA
A、
?
B、
【英美文化】各章节知识点
Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions： 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms： Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.
英美文化概论整理
英国： 1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones. 3、（UK）capital:London 4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest. 5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France. 7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland. 8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,
英美文化概况试题5
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
英美文化知识点整理
Chapter 1 1.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts 2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants 3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / three periods Chapter 2 4.Westminster Abbey 5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism 6.Henry II—jury system 7.Magna Carta 8.the Hundred Years’ War 9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern 10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII 11.two camps of the Civil War 12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy 13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects 14.the British Empire —colonization 15.Three Majestic Circles Chapter 3 16.the British Constitution: three parts 17.a division of powers among three branches 18.Parliament —the law-making body; two houses The House of Commons —center of parliamentary power 19.the role of the Prime Minister 20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court 21.Scotland —a distinct legal system 22.right/left wing party 23.a general election —every 5 years 24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign states Chapter 4 25.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies 26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary 27.the major trends in the British economy 28.two pillar industries of the current British economy Chapter 5 29.British compulsory education —5 to 16 30.four stages secondary education —comprehensive school further education —sixth form 31.two systems
英美文化知识小点总结
Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son
研究生课程——英美文化(重点)
●Introduction to the United Kingdom 1、全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2、组成England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland 3、The Union Flag：The Union Jack，is a combination (union) of the flags of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick. 4、Bordered by four seas： to the south by the English Channel to the east by the North Sea to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean 5、The Prime Meridian本初子午线、Greenwich 6、England---London、Scotland---Edinburgh、Wales---Cardiff、Northern Ireland---Belfast ●Education 1、The purpose of education： to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society to socialize children 2、divided into six terms: 9-10、10-12、1-2、2- 3、4-5、6-7 3、The main school holidays are: ＊Christmas- 2 weeks ＊Easter - 2 weeks ＊Summer - 6 weeks There are also one-week holidays: ＊end of October ＊mid February ＊end of May 4、state schools: private schools:public schools=independent schools 5、age 16: GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书 ①quit school and find a job ②prepare to sit exams for university entrance :A-levels (General Certificate of Education-Advanced)高级水平测试结业证书 ③concentrate on vocational training:GNVQs (General National V ocational Qualifications)国家专业资格证书 6、O-level(Ordinary-level) 7、Oxford and Cambridge--Oxbridge (the oldest) 8、In Scotland:St. Andrew (1411) Glasgow (1450) Aberdeen (1494) Edinburgh (1538) 9、Bachelor(学士) 10、departments:chief (professor),Professors, Readers/Senior Lecturers, Lecturers ●British Media 1、TV、radio、Newspaper 2、Quality paper、Tabloids 3、The Observer 《观察家报》the world's oldest national newspaper 4、The Times 《泰晤士报》the UK's oldest daily newspaper 5、The Guardian《卫报》 a national daily newspaper which is radical 激进的in politics and interested in society and social problems. quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great
英美文化的一些知识
1. British personalities(P6)（星） The best-known quality of the British , and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers , does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Closely related to English reserve is English modesty, within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassments, even at one’s own ideals. Finally, sportsmanship . Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention.(152) 2. Importance of Elizabeth Era in politics,military,international relations and culture（月） Elizabeth Era is a British golden age. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings. She followed a motto “I see, and say nothing” ,which saved her from political misalliances. Elizabeth restored the status of the episcopal church. And in the first two years she released the supreme law and a single laws, regulating