Unit 4 Grammar Attributive clause

which/ that Do you remember the day ____________ we spent together in the school?
where The factory ______ his father works is in the west of the city. which The factory _______ we visited yesterday is in the west of the city. in which The factory __________ there are many modem machines is in the west of the city.
练习
优化方案
P55
1. that / which 2. that 3. who / whom 4. which / that 5. who / that 6. that 7. that 8. who / that 9. whose 10. whose
注 意
which 和 that 的区别： that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(1) 定语从句中与动词（包括be+形容词）搭配 A) 惯用词组。介词是词组中的一个固定部分. 如: wait for, speak to, talk about, know of, hear from, live in, be sure of等 B) 习惯搭配。动词的宾语或状语之后，习惯与某个 介词搭配在一起。如: give…to, pay…for, spend…on, tell…of/about, write…in/with learn …from, borrow…from等 (2) 先行词习惯搭配. 如: at the age (of) ,on the day in the days, in the year , in this way等 (3) 完全根据要表达的意思来确定.
思 考
如何正确选择关系代词? who ,whom, whose, which, that 口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语
练 习
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose
that / which 1. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
The Attributive Clause
Grammar 关系代词who, whom, whose that, which引导的定语从句
Part One
思 考
什么是定语？
修饰名词的形容词、代词、数词、分词、不 定式、介词短语 等为定语。(分为前置定语 和后置定语）
例： 前置定语 an old man / your friend / three days / flower bed 后置定语 work to do The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk.
which 和 that 的区别： 在下列情况下, 只用that（不用which）。 (1) 当先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much few only 等修 饰时. (2) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 (3) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时 (4) 当并列先行词分别表示人或物, 用关系代词 that (5) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
Grammar
关系副词when, where, why引 导的定语从句
思 考
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词(when; where; why)可指代 先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词， 在从句中作状语。
1. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。 例: I still remember the day when I first came to the school. The time when we got together finally came.
5. whose通常指人的, 也可指物的, 在从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
练 从括号中选出一个适当的词，使句子完整 习
1.The lady (who, which) was here has gone to New York. 在这里的那位女士已经去了纽约。 2.The door (who, which) was broken is now mended. 被打破的那扇门已经修好了。 3.This is the book (that, whose) cover is blue 这是一本蓝色封面的书。
复 习
在下列情况下, 只用which（不用that）。 (1) 非限制性定语从句中； (2) 介词后面；
复 习
who 和 that 的区别：
指人时, 下列情况下用 who。
1) 先行词是anyone, someone, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, those 时。 2) 在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who。
思 考
什么是定语从句？
在复合句中，起形容词作用，修饰名词或代词的 从句就叫定语从句。（放在被修饰成分之后） The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
•先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 •关系词 (the relative pronouns) 1.关系代词 2.关系副词
(4) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
练习
Ex. 2 on Page 29 “Discovering useful structures”
1 whose 2 that/who 3 that 4 which/ that 5 whose 6 whose 7 who/ that 8 whose
结 论
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先 行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系 代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
难 点
2. 介词+关系代词中, 介词的选用
关系副词引导的定语从句 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。 例: Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。
例: Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交 替使用。 Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2. We don’t know the number of people that / who lost their homes in 1906 earthquake ________
练习
which /that 3. The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. which / that 4. A house ____________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. who/whom/that 5. Luckily none of the people ___________ I know were killed in the earthquake . whose 6. Harry is the boy ______ mother is our maths teacher . whose 7. I like the rooms _____ windows face south.
关系代词有: who; whom; which; that; whose
1. who 指人, 在从句中做主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom 指人, 在从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。 The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.