阿姆斯特丹城市规划amsterdam-planning
丹麦过度发展旅游业英语原文阅读
丹麦过度发展旅游业英语原文阅读Amsterdam, Venice, Barcelona, Paris – the posterchildren for overtourism are well-known. Now, 20 more cities are on alert lest they turn into the futureface of the problem, according to a new report fromthe World Travel & Tourism Council andcommercial real estate firm JLL.阿姆斯特丹、威尼斯、巴塞罗那、巴黎——这些城市都是众所周知的过度旅游城市典型。
如今，世界旅游及旅行理事会和商业地产公司仲量联行的一份新报告称，还有20多个城市需要提高警惕，否则将在今后面临同样的问题。
The report, called "Destination 2030", examines thetourism "readiness" of 50 destinations around the world and groups cities into five types. The"emerging performers" category includes destinations where infrastructure and tourismmomentum are growing along with the pressures associated with more tourists. Those citieswere Bangkok, Cape Town, Ho Chi Minh City, Istanbul, Jakarta, Mexico City and New Delhi.这份名为《2030年旅游目的地》的报告考察了全球50个旅游目的地的“接待能力”，并将这些城市分为五种类型。
户外活动空间的典范_阿姆斯特丹及PIP原则_从个别案例到规划政策_LianeLe
第二次世界大战到21世纪初始的60多年里，得益于阿姆斯特丹当地政府优越的民主制度，市民可以方便、快捷地向政府传达民意，这也促使了阿姆斯特丹的公共事务开始由政府决策向公众参与决策转变。
阿姆斯特丹户外活动空间的设计与发展则是草根阶层参与公共政策决策的典范。
1929-1947年，阿姆斯特丹的户外活动空间在数量上一直稳定在29个。
1947年，阿姆斯特丹的新公共事务部主管康乃利斯・范伊斯特伦(Cornelius van Eesteren)上任，提出了城市户外活动空间的增建计划，其中包括一系列的公共配套设施，例如公共电话亭、户外市场和公共厕所[1]。
从1947年起，阿姆斯特丹每年新建的户外活动场超过50处，逐渐覆盖了从旧城中心到城市西部新区：斯洛特迪克(Sloterdijk)、斯洛特米尔(Slotermeer)和古兹维尔德(Geuzeveld)的全部区域；截止1968年，阿姆斯特丹全城的户外活动空间总数超过1000处—一个令世界其他城市惊叹的数字(图1、2)。
1 战后重建阿姆斯特丹的户外活动空间建设具有4大特点：1)其自下而上、公众参与的规划决策过程。
在阿姆斯特丹的城市档案中还保留有190多封市民来信，呼吁政府新建城市户外活动场，这些档案上还留存有许多政府工作人员的批注印迹。
这些档案是阿姆斯特丹市民参政议政的缩影，更反映了政府和市民同心协力为城市发展所做的大量细致工作1)；2)新建的户外活动空间不仅没有破坏现有的城市肌理，反而修补了由城市更新所造成的城市肌理的断裂；3)这些户外活动空间呈多中心式网络分布，环绕各个城市居住区构成了微型的城市聚落；4)虽然项目一般起始于市民或社会团体自发性的提议，但这些提议在政府公共部门的主导下可以转化为具有法律效应的规划政策，从而保证规划及建设项目能够切实反映公众意愿。
这种强调公众参与(participatory)、空间嵌入(interstitial)和多中心网络(polycentered)的发展原则简称为PIP 原则。
阿姆斯特丹单车英文作文
阿姆斯特丹的单车魅力Amsterdam, the capital city of the Netherlands, is renowned worldwide for its extensive bicycle network and cycling culture. Cycling in Amsterdam is not just a mode of transportation, but also an integral part of the city's lifestyle, history, and identity.The city's commitment to sustainable urban planning has resulted in a bicycle-friendly infrastructure that boasts over 600 kilometers of designated bike paths and lanes. These paths are clearly marked and well-maintained, making it safe and convenient for cyclists to navigate through the city's bustling streets. Bicycles are everywhere in Amsterdam, from the narrow canals to the bustling marketplaces, and it's estimated that over 60% of thecity's residents cycle to work or school on a daily basis. The bike-friendly infrastructure of Amsterdam is designed to cater to the needs of cyclists of all ages and abilities. There are special bike paths for children, as well as bike racks and repair stations dotted throughout the city. The city also hosts various bike events and festivals throughout the year, such as the Amsterdam BikeWeek, which attracts thousands of cycling enthusiasts from around the world.The popularity of cycling in Amsterdam can beattributed to several factors. Firstly, the city's compact size and dense urban fabric make it ideal for cycling. Secondly, the Netherlands has a long-standing tradition of cycling, dating back to the 19th century when the first bicycles were invented. This tradition has been preserved and nurtured over the years, resulting in a cycling culture that is deeply ingrained in the Dutch way of life.Moreover, the Netherlands government has always been committed to promoting cycling as a sustainable mode of transportation. This commitment is evident in the city's infrastructure investments, as well as in its policies that encourage cycling. For instance, the government provides subsidies for bicycle purchases and maintenance, and it also offers discounted public transport fares for cyclists. The benefits of cycling in Amsterdam are numerous. Itis an efficient and cost-effective mode of transportation that helps reduce congestion and air pollution. It also promotes physical activity and improves overall health andwell-being. Cycling in Amsterdam is a great way to explore the city's unique architecture, culture, and landscapes. From the iconic windmills and canal houses to the vibrant art galleries and museums, there is so much to see and discover on two wheels.In conclusion, Amsterdam is a city that truly embodies the spirit of cycling. Its extensive bicycle network, bike-friendly infrastructure, and cycling culture make it a paradise for cyclists from around the world. Cycling in Amsterdam is not just a means of getting around, it's an experience that is rich in history, culture, and adventure. So, if you're ever in Amsterdam, make sure to bring your bike and experience the city like a local!**阿姆斯特丹的单车魅力**阿姆斯特丹，作为荷兰的首都，因其广泛的自行车网络和深厚的骑行文化而在全球享有盛誉。
荷兰三角洲_寻找城市规划和水利工程新的融合
万方数据荷兰三角洲寻找城市规划和水利工程新的融合．．但是．果真如此吗７与水资源管理相关的荷兰城市规划的传统真是如此集体化和统筹的吗７而当今状态真的与这种传统形成了如此大的差异７我们对这一说法表示怀疑。
在荷兰低地，城市水资源管理的道路上遍布冲突：在水务董事会与城市之间．在农村．农业社区与城市经济体之间，在民事与军事目标之间．在地方与区域／国家利益之间．在公共与私人利益之间，以及最近发生的经济与生态之间和科技成效与文化历史的增值之间。
关于城市规划和水资源管理的；中突和”危机“并不是一个新问题，但由于各种情况和条件的不断变化．这些冲突的特征也正在发生改变。
要考虑的最重要的问题是有关解决和处理这些冲突的尺度。
考虑到尺度问题，我们可以看到与当今形势明显不同的前两个时期：”城市之国”ｆＬａｎｄｏｆＣｉｔｉｅｓ）成长时期（１３一１８世纪）及民族国家时期（１９—２０世纪）。
关于城市规划和水资源管理联系的方式和解决办法，两个时期相当不同。
对于现在和未来而言，民族国家的方法的延续，以及对”城市之国”时期概念的怀旧性回归似乎都已经不再富有成效。
城市之国：城市设计和水利工程之间的融合四个城市系统从荷兰城市化进程开始——首次是在罗马时期．之后从１ｌ世纪开始——荷兰低地的城市化进程与水基础设施和水资源管理直接相关。
在罗马时期，第一批城市定居点像马斯特里赫特（Ｍａａｓｔｒｉｃｈｔ）和奈梅亨（Ｎｉｊｍｃｇｅｎ）一样，沿着马斯河和莱茵河定居。
河流是重要的防御线（莱茵河是罗马帝国的边界）和运输基础设施：定居点位于天然高地和水患安全地带。
１２至１５世纪．与国际“汉萨同盟“（Ｈａｎｚｅ—ｌｅａｇｕｅ）有关的第一批荷兰贸易城市．同样也主要建在沿着河岸的高地之上（Ｒｕｎｅ，ｖａｎＥｎｇｅｎ，２００５）。
排水和清淤技术的发展，为荷兰低地两个大的河口——莱茵河～斯海尔德河河口和须德海河口——的周边地区的城市化转变创造了条件。
这两个河口地区对城市化进程来说，既是极其困难的．也是极具吸引力的：困难是因为这片地区的多沼泽环境和洪水所带来的威胁；而有吸引力则是因为邻近富饶的渔场，适于种植的肥沃土壤．以及对于港口发展．贸易和商业有利的条件。
给游客写在阿姆斯特丹一日游行程英语作文
给游客写在阿姆斯特丹一日游行程英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1One Day in Amsterdam: The Perfect Itinerary for TouristsAs an international student living in Amsterdam, I get asked about the best way to see the city all the time by visiting friends and relatives. With its winding canals, colorful narrow houses, vibrant nightlife and rich history, Amsterdam is one of the most incredible cities in Europe. However, with so much to see and do, planning the perfect one-day itinerary can be overwhelming for tourists. Here's my recommended game plan for making the most of 24 hours in the Dutch capital.Start Your Day Early at a Classic Brown CafeWake up early and head straight to a traditional "brown cafe" like Cafe Chris or CafeЯн Tuppen for a real Amsterdam experience. These cozy, dimly-lit cafes with their dark wood paneling and stone exteriors will make you feel like you've stepped back in time. Fuel up with a warm stroopwafel (syrup waffle), brioche bread pudding, or a pile of poffertjes (tiny pancakes) before venturing out to explore.Walk the Canals of GrachtengordelWith a belly full of Dutch goodies, it's time to walk off your breakfast by meandering through Grachtengordel, Amsterdam's iconic canal district. This 17th century neighborhood of concentric semi-circular canals lined with beautifully preserved merchanthouses is a UNESCO World Heritage site and the stunning centerpiece of the city. Wander the Prinsengracht, Keizersgracht, and Herengracht waterways, crossing over picturesque bridges and popping into any interesting shops, cafes or pubs that catch your eye along the way. Don't miss taking a photo at the famous Seven Bridges connecting the major canals.Visit the Anne Frank HouseAfter a few hours of wandering the canals, walk or take a tram to the Anne Frank House, located on Prinsengracht canal. This sobering museum chronicles the incredible story of the young Jewish diarist who hid from the Nazis in a secret annex of the house during World War II. Buy your tickets well in advance online as lines can be insanely long. The self-guided tour through the indelibly powerful secret annex provides heartbreaking insight into Anne's daily life in hiding. Seeing thecramped living quarters and reading excerpts from her diary is a profoundly moving experience everyone should have.Have a Picnic Lunch in VondelparkEscape the crowds and grab a quick lunch to go from one of the beloved snack stands or markets like Albert Cuyp. Pick up a fresh stroopwafel, frites (fries) smothered in dutch mayonnaise, a haring (herring) sandwich or kwark (a thick yogurt) with strawberries. Then stroll over to Vondelpark, Amsterdam's version of Central Park, to enjoy your picnic on the sprawling green lawns surrounded by locals soaking up some fresh air. Keep an eye out for the park's famous punctual dogs who queue up to be let off their leashes at precisely 9am and 9pm each day!See Amsterdam from the WaterNo visit to Amsterdam is complete without a canal cruise to get a different vantage point of the city's iconic waterways and architecture. Hop aboard one of the glass-topped boat tours which depart regularly throughout the day from major centrally located docks. Most are an hour long and provide an entertaining, informative narration about Amsterdam's history and top sights as you glide under bridges and past 17th century homes, churches and houseboats. Splurge on a fancier evening cruise paired with dinner or drinks for a romantic way toexperience Amsterdam's canals aglow with lights reflecting off the water.Explore One of Amsterdam's World-Class MuseumsAfter your canal cruise, spend a few hours admiring the unparalleled collection at one of Amsterdam's acclaimed museums like the Rijksmuseum, Van Gogh Museum or Stedelijk Museum. The massive Rijksmuseum houses an incredible collection of Dutch art and artifacts including Rembrandt's famous The Night Watch painting and Vermeer's masterpieces. For fans of the tormented artist, the Van Gogh Museum houses the world's largest collection of his vibrant paintings and personal artifacts. Meanwhile, the Stedelijk has an incredible modern and contemporary art collection with works by Picasso, Warhol and more.End Your Night in the Red Light DistrictNo Amsterdam itinerary would be complete without at least swinging through De Wallen, the city's iconic Red Light District centered around a network of narrow alleys full of casinos, sex shops and coffee houses. While the area definitely has a seedy vibe with semi-nude sex workers posing brazenly in the infamous red-lit window cabins, it's also strangely thrilling just to wander around and take it all in. Grab a pre-dinner cocktail atone of the thumping neon-lit clubs or cozy up with a beer at one of the district's classic brown bars as you watch the raucous, colorful crowds go by. For your last hurrah, head to the lively Leidseplein square full of restaurants, bars and nightclubs bumping with partiers from every corner of the globe.With efficient planning and an open mind, you can certainly experience the very best of what Amsterdam has to offer in just 24 hours. From historic sights to world-class museums to cafe culture to one of the most bizarre nightlife scenes on Earth, this dynamic city truly has it all packed into a relatively compact, walkable area. One day here will surely leave you in love with Amsterdam's free-spirited charisma and hungry to come back for more.篇2A One Day Itinerary for Tourists in AmsterdamHey there! If you're planning a trip to the Netherlands and only have a single day to explore the vibrant city of Amsterdam, don't worry – I've got you covered! As a local student studying here, I've had the chance to intimately experience the city's rich culture, captivating history, and unique attractions. In this essay, I'll share with you an action-packed one-day itinerary that willallow you to make the most of your time in the Venice of the North.Let's start our day bright and early at 8 AM with a quintessential Dutch experience: a hearty breakfast at one of Amsterdam's cozy cafés. I recommend trying the renowned Dutch pancakes, known as "poffertjes," or indulging in a delicious "uitsmijter" – an open-faced sandwich with ham, cheese, and eggs. Fuel up with a strong cup of coffee or hot chocolate, because we've got a jam-packed day ahead of us!After breakfast, it's time to immerse yourself in Amsterdam's rich history by visiting the Anne Frank House (Anne Frankhuis) at 9 AM. This poignant museum is located in the very house where the young diarist and her family hid from the Nazis during World War II. As you walk through the cramped quarters and read excerpts from her famous diary, you'll gain a profound understanding of the struggles and resilience of the Jewish people during the Holocaust. Be sure to book your tickets in advance, as the museum can get quite crowded.Next, we'll hop on a classic Amsterdam experience – a canal cruise – at 11 AM. These leisurely boat tours offer a unique perspective of the city, allowing you to admire the charming canal houses, historic bridges, and picturesque scenes that havemade Amsterdam famous. As you glide along the waterways, your knowledgeable guide will regale you with fascinating stories and anecdotes about the city's past and present.After disembarking from the canal cruise, it's time for a well-deserved lunch break at around 1 PM. Head over to the Albert Cuyp Market, one of Amsterdam's most famous and lively street markets. Here, you'll find an incredible array of food stalls offering delectable Dutch treats, fresh produce, and international cuisine. Grab a savory Dutch snack like a "frikandel" (a delicious deep-fried sausage) or a classic "broodje haring" (a sandwich with pickled herring), and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of this bustling market.With our stomachs full, we'll continue our exploration of Amsterdam's cultural heritage by visiting the Rijksmuseum at 3 PM. This world-renowned museum houses an incredible collection of Dutch art and artifacts, including masterpieces by Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Frans Hals. Wander through the galleries, marvel at the intricate details of the Golden Age paintings, and immerse yourself in the rich artistic traditions of the Netherlands.After soaking in the cultural riches of the Rijksmuseum, it's time to shift gears and experience Amsterdam's quirky andunconventional side. At around 5 PM, we'll head to the famous Red Light District, locally known as "De Wallen." While this area is known for its legal sex trade, it's also a fascinating neighborhood with a unique atmosphere and rich history. Stroll along the narrow streets, admire the historic buildings, and learn about the city's progressive approach to social issues.As the evening sets in, it's time to indulge in one of Amsterdam's most beloved traditions: enjoying a drink or two in one of the city's cozy "brown cafés." These traditional pubs, often adorned with warm wood paneling and dimly lit interiors, offer a cozy respite from the hustle and bustle of the city. Grab a refreshing Dutch beer (I recommend trying a Grolsch or Heineken) or a jenever (Dutch gin) and mingle with the friendly locals.Finally, cap off your whirlwind day in Amsterdam with a delectable Dutch dinner at around 8 PM. I suggest trying the classic "stamppot" – a hearty dish consisting of mashed potatoes mixed with vegetables, smoked sausage, and bacon. Or, if you're feeling adventurous, sample the famous "bitterballen" –deep-fried meatballs typically served as a snack or appetizer. No matter what you choose, you're sure to leave with a satisfied palate and a deeper appreciation for Dutch cuisine.As you can see, Amsterdam is a city that offers an incredible blend of history, culture, and modern-day charm. With thisone-day itinerary, you'll get a taste of the city's rich tapestry, from its somber past to its vibrant present. Of course, there's always more to explore in this captivating city, but if you only have a single day, this itinerary will ensure that you make the most of your time in the Venice of the North.Happy travels, and don't forget to pack your walking shoes and a sense of adventure! Amsterdam awaits.篇3A Picturesque Day in Amsterdam: A Tourist ItineraryAs an international student studying in the Netherlands, I have had the chance to explore Amsterdam on numerous occasions. This vibrant city, renowned for its charming canals, rich history, and diverse culture, offers an abundance of experiences for visitors. Today, I'll take you on a journey through Amsterdam, sharing my personal recommendations for an unforgettable one-day adventure.9:00 AM: Start Your Day at the Anne Frank HouseBegin your Amsterdam experience by visiting the Anne Frank House, a somber yet powerful reminder of one of thedarkest periods in human history. This museum, located in the former hiding place of the Frank family during World War II, offers a poignant glimpse into the life of Anne Frank and the struggles endured by countless Jewish families during the Nazi occupation. Advance ticket purchase is highly recommended to avoid long queues.11:00 AM: Embrace the Beauty of the Canal BeltAfter your visit to the Anne Frank House, immerse yourself in the enchanting atmosphere of Amsterdam's UNESCO-listed Canal Belt. Take a leisurely stroll along the picturesque canals, admiring the iconic Dutch architecture, charming bridges, and houseboats lining the waterways. Stop for a coffee or hot chocolate at one of the cozy cafés nestled along the canals, and soak in the quintessential Amsterdam ambiance.12:30 PM: Indulge in Dutch DelicaciesNo visit to Amsterdam would be complete without savoring the local cuisine. Head to the Albert Cuyp Market, one of the largest and most renowned outdoor markets in the city. Here, you'll find an array of stalls offering traditional Dutch treats, such as stroopwafels (syrup waffles), poffertjes (mini pancakes), and fresh herring sandwiches. Grab a bite to eat and immerse yourself in the lively market atmosphere.2:00 PM: Explore the RijksmuseumAfter fueling up on Dutch delicacies, it's time to delve into Amsterdam's cultural heritage at the renowned Rijksmuseum. This world-class museum houses an extensive collection of Dutch art and historical artifacts, including masterpieces by Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Frans Hals. Spend a few hours wandering through the galleries, marveling at the incredible works of art that have shaped the Netherlands' artistic legacy.4:30 PM: Relax in the VondelparkAfter an enriching cultural experience, escape the city's bustle and enjoy some tranquility in the Vondelpark. This vast urban park, located in the heart of Amsterdam, is a favorite gathering spot for locals and visitors alike. Rent a bicycle or take a leisurely stroll along the winding paths, admiring the lush greenery, ponds, and open-air theaters. If the weather permits, pack a picnic and find a cozy spot on the grass to unwind and soak in the park's serene atmosphere.6:30 PM: Witness the Charm of the Red Light DistrictNo visit to Amsterdam would be complete without exploring the infamous Red Light District. While this area is known for its adult entertainment, it also offers a unique glimpse intoAmsterdam's history and culture. Stroll along the narrow streets, admiring the iconic red-lit windows and the picturesque canals that wind through the district. Stop for a drink at one of the lively cafés or bars and immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere.8:00 PM: Indulge in a Canal CruiseAs the day draws to a close, embark on a romantic canal cruise, offering a different perspective of Amsterdam's enchanting waterways. Glide past historic bridges, charming houseboats, and iconic landmarks, while learning about the city's fascinating history from your knowledgeable guide. This tranquil experience is the perfect way to cap off your day in Amsterdam, allowing you to take in the city's beauty from a unique vantage point.10:00 PM: Savor the NightlifeAfter your canal cruise, Amsterdam's lively nightlife awaits. Head to the Leidseplein or Rembrandtplein areas, where you'll find an array of bars, clubs, and live music venues catering to every taste. Whether you're in the mood for a cozy pub, a lively dance club, or a jazz bar, Amsterdam's nightlife scene has something to offer everyone.As the night draws to a close, you'll return to your accommodation with cherished memories and a newfound appreciation for the beauty, history, and vibrant culture that make Amsterdam a truly remarkable destination.Remember, this itinerary is merely a suggestion, and the beauty of Amsterdam lies in its ability to cater to diverse interests and preferences. Feel free to explore at your own pace, discover hidden gems, and create your own unique experiences in this captivating city.。
Amsterdam城市南拓
纪念性系统基亍简单、叕典的图形：对称、叏齐和立面组织，转角 的处理突出了对称幵暗示道路各自的等级兰系——强调了南部地区 的自治。 次级系统保证了连续性。作为公兯设斲（教埻、行政建筑）和商业 的支撑，总体上幵丌十分明显，但丌断的反衬出纪念性的系统。
次级系统
对称、叏齐
次级路网
斱案的具体实斲
实际城市布尿没有尿限亍贝尔拉格规划确定的斱位，而是在所有参不南拓的 建筑师中建立起一套兯有的规则
a clear structure of the new quarters, a clear-cut separation from the old development and a station opposed to the old city.
结构清晰的新区
不旧城明显切断和隑开 火车站置亍不旧城相反的斱向
老城区
东区 南区
连续不断裂
CONTINUITY AND RUPTURE 新区的城市结构
Boerenwetering运河、Overdam运河和Beatrixpark将新区划分为东西两部分 东侧：Y形平面不Amstel河相连 西面：主体结构是Minervalaan大街不Stationweg路呈十字交叉
19世纪的収展以卡尔夫的规划为基础,其特征是分期了同心囿+放射型的结构，采叏了正交系统 但是卡尔夫回避了新系统中两个斱向的交汇点问题。 就像其1889年Eduard Duypers在市立博物馆设计及周边街区和步行广场规划时，以纪念性的模式来解决
Globally, the extension to the south presents itself as an autonomous whole, which is connected to the old city across the nineteenth-century quarters. 城市南拓呈现为一个自治的整体，通过19世纪的城区不老城相连
欧洲10大最智慧的城市(英汉)
The 10 Smartest Cities In Europe欧洲10大最智慧的城市When it comes to smart cities, Europe is the model for the rest of the world to learn from. European cities tend to be denser, have better public transit, larger commitment to cycling and walking, a stronger focus on sustainability and low-carbon solutions, and perhaps most important, a culture and citizenry more engaged in the journey towards more sustainable and smarter cities. Of course this is a generalization: this series of regional ranking reports has demonstrated leadership from cities across the globe.说到智慧城市，欧洲是世界上其他城市学习的典范。
欧洲城市往往人口更稠密，公共交通更完善，对自行车和步行投入更多，更重视可持续性和低碳的解决方案。
而且，可能最重要的是，欧洲文化和欧洲公民更致力于建设可持续性更强和更智慧城市的进程。
当然，这只是概括而言：这一系列的地区排名报告已经表明了这些城市在全球范围内的领先状况。
But, as I wrote in our rankings of North America's smartest cities, our urban centers "demand 21st-century solutions to accommodate their growing populations in ways that not only maintain the quality of life, but also improve it. In short, smart cities are innovative cities."但是，正如我在北美最智慧的城市排名中所写的，我们的城市中心“要求以21世纪的解决方式来容纳日益增长的人口，这些方式不仅要能够维持现有的生活质量，而且要使之有所提高。
阿姆斯特丹
阿姆斯特丹于1300年被正式授予城市资格。到了1327年，这个名称演化 为“Aemsterdam”。与奈梅亨、鹿特丹与乌特勒支等更古老的荷兰城市相比， 阿姆斯特丹的历史相对比较短暂。
2008年10月，历史地理学家克里斯·德·邦特（Chris de Bont）声称，早 在10世纪，阿姆斯特丹周边的土地就已经存在开垦的痕迹。当然，这并不意 味着当时该地区已经被开垦。肥沃的土地可能尚未有人耕种，这可能是生产 泥炭所留下的痕迹。
从18世纪开始，阿姆斯特丹的繁荣开始褪色。荷兰与英国和法国之间的 战争，打击了处于巅峰的阿姆斯特丹。后来，荷兰被拿破仑率领的法国军队 所占领。直到1815年，摆脱法国统治的荷兰与现在的比利时和卢森堡组成荷 兰王国，这座城市才迎来了发展的第二次春天。
19世纪末期也被称作阿姆斯特丹的第二个黄金年代。该市新建成了一些 博物馆、中央车站以及阿姆斯特丹音乐厅（Concertgebouw）。与此同时， 她也迎来了工业革命。阿姆斯特丹-莱茵运河（Amsterdam-Rhine Canal）的 成功开掘也是这座城市直接连接到了莱茵河；同时北海运河（North Sea Canal）也缩短了城市与北海的距离。两项工程极大地促进了与欧洲及世界其 他地方的商业交流。1906年，作家约瑟夫·康拉德用“海之镜”精辟的从海边 眺望阿姆斯特丹的景象。第一次世界大战前，城市的规模开始拓展，建立 了一些新的郊区。