音标基础知识优选稿

音标基础知识

文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

The ABC of Phonetic Symbols 音标基础知识

编稿人：陈靖波校对：高一英语组

（一）国际音标(phonetic symbols)

国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。语言学中，音标是记录音素的符号。音素分为元音音素(vowels)

和辅音音素(consonants)。国际音标共48个，元音音素/音标20个，辅音

音素/音标28个。

国际音标发音表

发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称

为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音叫辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。

（二）音节(Syllable)

音节是最小的发音单位。根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节。单词中发音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。多音节中使用重音符号(')和次重

音符号(,)。按照发音规律还可划分为开音节和闭音节。

开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, these, bike, home, use

b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three

闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,

b)元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant

（三）辅音单个字母和字母组合发音规则

1. p/p/

2. b /b/

3.t/t/

4. d /d/

5. c,k,ck /k/

6. g /g/, /

/

7. f, ph /f/ 8. v /v/ 9. s, c/s/ 10. s /z/, /

/ 11. z /z/ 12. sh /

/

13. th /θ/, /e/ 14. ch, tch //

15. x /ks/ 16. tr /tr/

17.dr /dr/ 18. ts /ts/ 19.ds /dz/ 20. l /l/

21. m /m/ 22. n /n/

23. n,ng /

/ 24. w,wh /w/ 25. j,y /j/ 26. wh,h /h/ 27. r /r/

28. qu /kw/ 发音练习：

1. c/k/ cap cook clock come cold close

c/s/ city certainly rice piece pencil

nice recycle

2. g/g/ girl good god blog fog graduate

g/

/ orange large vegetable change

geography technology

3. s/z/ rose close as his

busy nose please

s/s/ bus glass class sister sit horse house

s/

/ usual pleasure treasure measure

television

s// sure

4. ch// chick much child which

each peach China

ch/k/ school stomach chemistry headache

ch// machine

5. tch// watch match

5. sh// sheep ship English shirt

shout short

6. th/θ/ t hick think thank mouth birthday thirteen

south

th/e/ this these those that with father another

7. ts/ts/ kites rabbits shorts boots

8. ds/dz/ beds birds friends woods

9. tr/tr/ tree street tractor try trip

train

10. dr /dr/ drive driven hundred dress

driver drink

11. ng/

/ think thank thing pink wrong 12. wh/w/ w hy what when what which

when white

wh/h/ who whose

（四）元音单个字母和字母组合发音规则

1. a /eI/ cake make later snake paper baby face game

a / / apple cat cap bag hat map mat black back

a /: / water

a // watch wash want what

a /I/ orange

a // China woman another breakfast banana

a/a:/ class glass ask banana dance last father fast

a /e/ any many

2. e / i:/ he we she me these Chinese

e /e/ bed desk yes egg pen pencil leg let

3. i /aI/ bike kite like drive time child find

i/I/ pig this sit drink milk swim fish ship sister 4. o // go nose those home clothes close no

o// dog clock lot box fox not holiday

o// mother other brother another monkey come love

o// wolf

5. u/ju:/ use student cute duty excuse Tuesday

u/ / mug cut but bus jump much fun cup nut

u// put

u/u:/ ruler blue glue June super

u/I/ busy

6. y/aI/ my why shy fly sky try buy by bye spy sly

y/I/ baby city windy sunny cloudy ready happy

y/j/ yellow yes yoyo young

7. ea /i:/ clean season read meal leaf mean seat speak

ea /e/ bread breakfast weather

ea /eI/ great

8. ee/i:/ see meet three jeep queen thirteen sheep sweet

9. ow/au/ brown how cow flower now town

ow// blow grow window snow know yellow rainbow

10. ou /au / mouth house playground cloud sound about

ou/u:/ group soup

ou// young country enough

11. oa/

/ boat goat raincoat road goal

12. or/:/ horse more for fork shorts New York pork

or/:/ work word worker world homework

or/ / doctor actor factory mirror

13. aw/: / draw strawberry

14. oor/:/ door floor

oor// poor

15. all/:/ all wall fall call small basketball ball tall

al/:/ talk walk always also

16.ir/:/ bird girl shirt skirt third first thirsty

17. ur/:/ turn nurse Thursday Saturday fur return

18. ear/:/ learn early earth

ear/I/ ear hear near clear year

ear/e/ bear wear pear

ear/a:/ heart

19. er/

/ driver finger computer river sweater matter weather 20. our/au/ our hour flour

our// colour favourite

our/:/ four your course

our// tour tourist

21. ai/eI/ rain rainbow wait rainy e-mail straight again

ai/I/ mountain

22. ay/eI/ day may say way play stay away holiday

ay/I/ Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday

23. air/e/

air hair chair stair pair fair

24. ere/e

/ there where

ere/I/ here

25. eer/I/ deer cheer beer

26. oo/u:/ food school room too moon noon balloon cool

oo/u/ foot took good look cook book classroom

27. ar/a:/ car garden park far farm farmer art shark

ar/:/ warm

28. igh/aI/ high night light might fight right

29. oy/I/ boy toy

30. oi/

I/ point soil

31. au/: / autumn daughter

32. ey/i:/ key

ey /I/ monkey money