【英语】2014《5年高考3年模拟》高考复习专题：专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
专题08 定语从句-三年高考(2014-2016)英语试题分项版解析(解析版)
2021年（高|考）题1.【2021·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which【答案】A考点：考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等) .1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分.关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略(非限定性定语从句中不可省略) .eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn ,t fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中,关系词均不可省略.注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句.4. 作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作介词宾语,即介词+关系代词,whom用于指人,which用于指物,不能用that .eg. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2.【2021·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well -educated, headed for remote region s to chase theirdreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【名师点睛】"of whom / which〞引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中,先行词作为一个整体,表示整体中的一局部,即表示"局部与整体〞的关系时,用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以.但与表示所属关系不同,这里不能用whose来代替of which .一、表示整体中的局部The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人,它们被愤怒的人群包围着.I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果,其中有一些伤得很厉害.I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋,六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了.The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆,其中有一些是失而复得的.二、表示所属关系He ,s written a book, the name of which I ,ve forgotten. 他写了一本书,书名我忘了.句中的the name of which =whose name .It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定.句中的the details of which =whose details .考点：考查定语从句3.【2021·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ hasbeen proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as , who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点,原因和时间状语.要分析定语从句的成分,看缺少什么成分,就选用相应的关系词.如果是代词+of +关系代词,注意先行词是人用whom ,先行词是物用which .4.【2021·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好.使用定语从句,先行词是next week ,定语从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少时间状语.应选D .考点：考查定语从句.【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as , who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点,原因和时间状语.要分析定语从句的成分,看缺少什么成分,就选用相应的关系词.2021年（高|考）题1.【2021·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..A. asB. whereC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据分析,此句是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是place ,在定语从句中是作主语的,所以用关系代词引导.As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首| ,故排除,选用which .句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方,这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的 .应选D【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词.【名师点睛】此题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词,要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词,什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 .2.【2021·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.A. whichB.thatC.when【答案】D【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】此题考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握情况,做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号,逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志 .然后再看句子中缺不缺成份,在定语从句中从句主语宾语都不缺少时,应该考虑关系副词,所以学生需要记住这种方法.3.【2021·重庆】14.He wrote many children , s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.A. whomB. whichC. themD. that【答案】B试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍,几乎一半在1990年左右出版 .先行词是books ,定语从句中of缺少宾语,应选B项.【考点定位】考查定语从句.【名师点睛】定语从句有一种介词+关系代词,用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词,不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或介词+关系代词,而及物动词后接宾语,那么要求关系代词.Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此类定语从句,首|先从先行词入手,确实主语是人还是物,再根据定语从句缺少的成分来区分到底用哪个引导词 .4.【2021·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. asB.whoseC. in whichD. at which【答案】C【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加which的用法.【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个定语从句的结构名词+连词+句子,也需要分析从句的句子成分.关系词的选择,最|关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词,如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where ,同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when .当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现"介词+关系代词" .先行词指物,用"介词+which" ,指人那么用"介词+whom" , 且两个关系代词均不能省略,介词的选择要遵循两个原那么：1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定.2.根据先行词特殊用法而定.5.【2021·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoytheir work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛,在这种气氛中,其员工喜欢他们的工作.句中先行词为atmosphere ,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where .根据句意可知选A .【考点定位】考查定语从句.【名师点睛】此题考查定语从句 .定语从句是（高|考）重点考查知识之一 ,分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第|一、找准先行词 .第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分 .抓住这两点 ,再根据句意 ,从而能够判断出正确的关系词 .6.【2021·四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.A．which B. what C. whose D. that【答案】C【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】此题考查定语从句中关系词的选择.本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法,whose在定语从句中担当定语,和其后的名词之间存在所有关系,还是比拟容易判断的.此题中如果在covers之前加上定冠词the ,那么需要用of +which结构.即此题等同于：The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7.【2021·陕西】15.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the timehe should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：作为家里最|小的孩子,Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间 .这里使用定语从句,先行词是the time ,定语从句中缺少时间状语,用关系副词when ,所以选D .【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as , who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语.要分析句子成分,看缺少什么成分,就选用相应的关系词.8.【2021·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all overthe world want to learn about China.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句.根据句式结构来看出现了逗号,说明这是一个非限制性定语从句 .首|先That不能引导非限制性定语从句,who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语,指人,而whom也指人,却只能做宾语.Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语.关系词代指前面的中国日报,在定语从句中做主语.该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群,这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国.应选D【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】关系词的选择,最|关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词,如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where ,同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when .Which在非限制性定语从句中通常是代指前面整个句子或者一个较长的词语,并且在从句中做主语.9.【2021·江苏】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. itB. whichC. whatD. as【答案】D【考点定位】定语从句【名师点睛】考生容易误选B项which ,把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词,后面非限制性定语从句用which引导.殊不知,这里关系代词指代的是"The numb er of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.〞整个一句话.另外,as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话,但前者有"正如……〞的意思,后者那么没有.还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构,类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等.10.【2021·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的根本技能.it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语,其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠,依赖,介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词,应选D .【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】此题考查定语从句.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词.在定语从句中,介词后只能跟whom或which ,指人用whom；指物用which .这里的先行词是skill ,指物.2021年（高|考）英语分项解析精编版1.【2021·重庆卷】9. We ,ll reach the sales targets in a month _______ we set at the beginning of the y ear.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what【答案】A【名师点睛】此题考查学生对定语从句的掌握情况,做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号,逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志,没有逗号是限制性定语从句.然后再看句子中缺不缺成份,在定语从句中从句主语宾语缺少某一项时,应该考虑关系代词,此题从句中缺少宾语,要用which或that代替,因此考生需要记住这种方法.2.【2021·北京卷】26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me..A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where【答案】B【解析】试题分析：此题考查定语从句,考查方式为选择连接词.根据题干信息,定语从句的先行词为book,定语从句中缺乏宾语(我朋友推荐给我"书〞) ,加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句,所以此题选B .句意：上周我从图书馆借了?福尔摩斯? ,这是我的同学推荐给我的.考点：考查定语从句的关系词.【名师点睛】考查非限制性定语从句.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的局部,去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子. (限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的. (非限制性)考生明确这两种就可以轻松解题.3.【2021·天津卷】12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.A. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them【答案】B考点：考查非限制性定语从句和主谓一致.【名师点睛】考查非限制性定语从句.关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语.如：There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝|大局部是新的.此题中which作主语,从句中的谓语动词是uses ,是动词的单三形式,只能选择B .4.【2021·山东卷】10. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why【答案】B【解析】试题分析：这是一个定语从句,a company 是先行词,profit和a company是所属关系,所以要用关系代词whose .句意为：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外开展的时机.故答案选B .考点：考查定语从句的用法.【名师点睛】此题与2021年四川卷第3题类似The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny, are prizes f or us. 此题考查定语从句中关系词的选择.本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法,whose在定语从句中担当定语,和其后的名词之间存在所有关系,考生应该容易判断.whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语.whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物.如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位父亲是位工程师小男孩学习很努力.Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上.5.【2021·江西卷】35. It was the middle of the night __ my father woke me up and told me to watch the footballgame.A. thatB. asC. whichD. when【答案】D考点：考查定语从句.【名师点睛】此题与2021年陕西卷第15题类似. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time whenhe should be able to be independent. 关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as ,who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语.1 )如：I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park. (作时间状语)2 ) My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall. (作地点状语)3 ) This is the reason why you should leave. (作原因状语)把理论理解透彻了就可解题.6.【2021·四川卷】4.I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it【答案】B【解析】试题分析:前后两个句子中间没有连词,是逗号,故判断为非限制性定语从句,that和it不引导非限制性定语从句,排除AD选项 . who用来指代人, which用来指代物或者句子,而在本句中关系代词指代前面句子内容,故答案选B .句意：直到现在,我们已经为穷苦儿童筹集了50,000英镑,这真的出乎意料.【知识拓展】非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别关键看前后两个句子中间是否是逗号,是否有连词,比方：He has a daughter, who was admitted to a key university. 而He has a daughter, and she was admitted to a key university .考点：考查定语从句的用法.7.【2021·福建卷】31. Students should involve themselves in community activities__________they can gain experience for growth.A. whoB.when D. where【答案】D【知识拓展】被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后.定语从句一般由关系代词来引导.关系代词必须放在定语从句之首| .定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.【名师点睛】此题可以采取复原句子解题.复原为：Students should involve themselves in community activities ,they can gain experience for growth from community activities.加一个介词from ,副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语 .在本句中they gain experience for growth from community activities =where they gain experience for growth8.【2021·江苏卷】22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a goodimpression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句用法.句中的先行词为work ,在从句a good impression is must中作地点状语,故用关系副词where .句意：这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助,尤其在工作中,良好的印象是必须的.故D正确.考点：考查定语从句用法【名师点睛】此题考查状语从句.状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子.它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比拟等从句.状语从句一般由连词(附属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起.从句位于句首|或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开.将从句恢复正常语序是：A good impression is a must in the work.所以要用where作地点状语 .应选D .9.【2021·陕西卷】13. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what【答案】A【名师点睛】that和which都可指物,且在句中都可作主语和宾语,多数情况下可以互换.但在以下情况中,关系代词只能用that ,不能用which .1.先行词既指人又指物.⒉先行词是不定代词all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,few等.⒊先行词被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等修饰时,或先行词本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no构成的复合词.⒋先行词被形容词及序数词的最|高级|修饰.⒌先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same修饰.⒍有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词.⒎主句以who,what,which开头的特殊疑问句.此题属于第3种情况,故只能用that .10.【2021·安徽卷】22．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2021.A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：- -Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2021年 .这句话使用了定语从句,先行词是the exact year ,定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句,而不能用关系副词.所以选D .【知识拓展】考点：考查定语从句定语从句关系词的考查,首|先要确定从句是定语从句,然后找到先行词,再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最|后选择正确的词.如果定语从句中缺少主宾表或定语,就用关系代词that/which/who/whose引导,如果做宾语,可以省略关系代词,如果定语从句中不缺主宾表,缺少的是状语,用关系副词when ,where ,why引导定语从句,如果定语从句中缺少介词+先行词,就用介词+关系代词.要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力.一些抽象意义的地点状语,如：situation ,point ,case ,如果定语从句缺少地点状语,用where引导定语从句.【名师点睛】此题A选项是干扰项,考生要仔细分析先行词在从句中做什么成分来确定关系代词.就此题而言,先行词是th e exact year ,定语从句中的动词spent ,构成结构：sb spend time on sth/in doing sth,后面缺少宾语,所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句,不能用关系副词.11.【2021·湖南卷】31.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know myfeelings for her.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】C考点：考查定语从句用法【名师点睛】此题与2021年陕西卷第15题类似. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the timewhenhe should be able to be independent. when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词为time, day, date, morning, night, week, year, moment, period, age等,亦可用"介词+which〞替代.如：1、The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2、We went through a period when everything was expensive in the market. 3、I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.故此题选when .12.【2021·浙江卷】5.I don ,t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why【答案】A【试题分析】这里先行词是the fifth grade,指的是时间；后面是when引导的定语从句.句意：我没有成为一个认真的攀登者,直到我上五年级|的时候,那时我爬上去拿一个被挂在树上的风筝.应选A .【知识拓展】这四个词在引导定语从句中的区别：when引导的定语从句的先行词必须是表示时间的词,它在定语从句中作状语；where引导的定语从句的先行词必须是表示地点的词,它在定语从句中作状语；which 引导的定语从句的先行词必须是表示物的词,它在定语从句中作主语或宾语；why引导的定语从句的先行词必一般是reason ,它在定语从句中作状语.考点：考查定语从句.【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as , who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语.要分析句子成分,看从句中缺少什么成分,就选用相应的关系词.此题缺少时间状语,故填when .2021年（高|考）英语试题分类汇编之单项填空专题08 -定语从句1.【2021·浙江卷】The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why【答案与解析】B考查定语从句.该句中的先行词是a viewing platform ,此处先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where ,据此我们这里选B项.2. [2021·重庆卷] John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.A．them B．that C．which D．whom【答案与解析】D考查定语从句.该句为非限制性定语从句,用whom来代替people并连接主从句 . 【名师点睛】考查定语从句一要看先行词,而要看从句的成分,如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词,缺少定语用whose .如果定语从句中缺少介词+先行词,就用介词+which/whom引导定语从句.3.[2021·陕西卷]is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As【答案与解析】D考查定语从句.所填词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,意思是：正如,像……一样,用as ,应选D .句意：正如孩子们普遍的现象,当医生到来时Amy身体好多了.【名师点睛】as可以引导非限制性定语从句,可以放在句首|或句末,意思是"正如〞,指代主句的内容,在从句中做主宾表.有些固定搭配可以记忆,如：as is often the case；as is known to all等.4. [2021·四川卷] Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where【答案与解析】D考查定语从句的用法.此处the environment为先行词,where代替它作后面定语从句的状语.句意：如今人们更关心他们居住的环境.【名师点睛】定语从句关系词的考查,首|先要确定从句是什么类型的从句,然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最|后选择正确的词.要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力.如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词when ,where ,why ,缺少定语用whose .5. [2021·山东卷] Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom【答案与解析】C考查定语从句.先行词是a lonely island ,在定语从句中作主语.句意：最|终他到达了一个孤岛上,这个孤岛与外界完全隔绝| .6. [2021·山东卷] There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.A. asB. thatC. whenD. where【答案与解析】A考查定语从句.句意：没有简单的答案,就像科学一样.as引导非限制性定语从句；as is often the case ,意思是"情况常常如此〞.【名师点睛】as可以引导非限制性定语从句,可以放在句首|或句末,意思是"正如〞,指代主句的内容,在从句中做主宾表.有些固定搭配可以记忆,如：as is often the case；as is known to all等.7. [2021·辽宁卷] He may win the competition, ________ he is likely to get into the national team.A．in which case B．in that case C．in what case D．in whose case【答案与解析】A考查定语从句.在非限制性定语从句中,用which, in which case 指代前面he may win the competition .【名师点睛】考查定语从句一要看先行词,而要看从句的成分,如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词,缺少定语用whose .也有的用"介词+which +名词〞引导定语从句.8. [2021·江西卷] He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. how【答案与解析】C考查定语从句.句意：他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了在这次事故中所发生的事情.定语从句中有主语和宾语从句,先行词在从句中作状语,where相当于in which .【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as , who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语.要分析句子成分,看缺少什么成分,就选用相应的关系词.通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词.9. [2021·江苏] The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China ,________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A．where B．which C．what D．when【答案与解析】B考查定语从句.先行词a passion for China在非限制性定语从句中作动词remember的宾语,所以用关系代词which引导,应选B项.【名师点睛】非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解,在非限定性定语从句的前面。
高考英语考点专题讲解：专题10 重点语法复习(定语从句)(解析版)
专题10 重点语法复习（复习定语从句）定语从句养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who, whom, whose引导的定语从句(1)who和whom指人, who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制性定语从句中可省略。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
(2)whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 指物时可用of which代替, 指人时可用of whom代替。
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人, 在其他领域常常一无所成。
Children who rarely exercise or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
2. that, which引导的定语从句(1)that多指物, 有时也指人, 在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语, 作宾语或表语时可省略。
(2)which指物, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时, 在限制性定语从句中可省略。
专题07 名词性从句和定语从句：五年(2019-2023)高考英语真题分项汇编(原卷版)
五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题07 名词性从句和定语从句（原卷版）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
第一组名词性从句〖2023年高考真题题组〗1.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.〖2022年高考真题题组〗1.（2022新高考II卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”2.（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.3. (2022天津卷) Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety.A. howB. whatC. whyD. which〖2021年高考真题题组〗1.（2021全国I卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.2.（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．3.（2021年天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.A. whetherB. whyC. whatD. when4.（2021年天津卷）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. whether.〖2020年高考真题题组〗1.（2020年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.2.（2020年北京卷）Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it's possible.3.（2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where4.（2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where〖2019年高考真题题组〗1.（2019全国I卷）While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.2.（2019北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.3.（2019·江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where4.（2018年天津卷）The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever5.（2018年江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.A. whereB. whenC. whyD. how6.（2018全国III卷）I'm not sure __________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.7.（2018年北京卷）Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why8.（2018年北京卷）This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what9.（2015全国II卷）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.第二组定语从句〖2023年高考真题题组〗1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.3.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.4.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.5.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.〖2022年高考真题题组〗1.（2022新高考I卷）T he GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.3.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.4. （2021全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.5. (2022天津卷) Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city ora site are often suggested.A. for whichB. with whichC. for whomD. with whom〖2021年高考真题题组〗1.（2021全国II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.2.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.3.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which4.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to puta satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.5.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.〖2020年高考真题题组〗1.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.2.（2020全国II卷）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.3.（2020全国III卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.〖2019年高考真题题组〗1.（2019全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.2.（2019全国III卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.3.（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.4.（2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).5.（2019全国III卷）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.6.（2018全国I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.7.（2018全国II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.8.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.9.（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that10.（2017全国I卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health.11.（2017全国III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.12.（2016全国I卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.13.（2016全国III卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，___________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.14.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.15.（2014全国I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。
高考英语必考语法--定语从句详细讲解(附练习题及答案)
高考英语语法定语从句 attributive clause◆概念(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语(修饰某一名词或代词)的从句叫定语从句，一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被__________修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系代词____, ______, ______, ______, _____, _______关系副词 _____, ______, ______ 在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，定语，状语）第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句1.who ,whom 和whose 引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时不可以出现在介词后；whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that 替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
◆ I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _________I met in the English speech contest last year.◆ I have many friends to _________ I’m going to send post cards.◆ The person I want to talk about with is Tu Youyou, the one ______ won theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
专题09定语从句(解析卷)--十年(2014-2023)高考真题英语分项汇编(全国通用)
专题09定语从句2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s【43题详解】考查定语从句。
句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。
故填which/that。
【44题详解】考查名词。
句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。
故填wonders。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.3.考查时态。
句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。
此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。
故choose改为chose。
4.考查定语从句。
句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。
高考英语定语从句讲解+习题-
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
（连接先特词和定语从句I ）2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。
（替代）3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。
（在定语从句中作主语）一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A．指人，在定语从句中作主语。
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词）. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
（定语从句修饰先行词）会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。
（定语从句修饰先行词）B．指人，在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以与在非限制性定语从句中只能用。
有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。
（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ）I .和我一起工作的人都很友好。
（定语从句修饰先行词）. , I , .. , I , .昨晚我在里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替）, I , .两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。
（在介词后面不用）C．人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。
有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。
（定语从句修饰先行词）I .我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。
（定语从句修饰行词）D．1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
做宾语时常可省略。
2024届高考英语复习：定语从句专题复习课件(共32张PPT)
2024届高考英语复习：定语从句专题复习课件(共32张PPT)(共32张PPT)语法综合讲练定语从句定语从句（形容词性从句）1 、什么叫定语从句2、定语从句有什么作用？3、定语从句的位置在哪里4、什么叫先行词5、什么叫关系代／副词I like this picture.I like this beautiful picture.I like this picture which you bought for me .宾语定语定语从句定语从句做题方法1.确定先行词2.找到从句3.读从句，把先行词带到从句中，判断在从句中的成分。
定语从句的关系代词的区别指人指物指人或物主格宾格所有格who which thatwhom which thatwhose whosewhose/of whichwhose即可以指代人，也可以代物。
有时可以换作of which。
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.= Please pass me the book. The cover of the book is red.= Please pass me the book, the cover of which is red.关系副词when, where, why关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语, 有时也可以换作相应的介词+ which.例如：There are occasions when(on which) one has to give in.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
who √whom √whose √that √ √ √which √ √ √when √where √why √主宾表定状√易混关系代词的区别1）什么时候只用that 不用which2) 什么时候只用which 不用that关系代词that和which 的用法区别：that 在定语从句中，即可指人又可以指物；which只能指物。
(整理版高中英语)高考英语专题总复习(2)“名从”和“定从”真题解析
高考英语专题总复习〔2〕：“名从〞和“定从〞真题解析定语从句1.〔·卷〕10. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which答案与解析：A。
句意：体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。
此题考查定语从句。
句中days是定语从句的先行词，其替代词在从句中又充当时间状语，故用when 引导定语从句。
此定语从句是分隔式定语从句，从句与先行词因某种特殊的需要被句子其他成分隔开了。
2.〔·卷〕34.She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which答案与解析：C。
先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间介词用of。
选C。
3.〔·卷〕17.The school shop, __________customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.A. whichB. whoseC. whenD. where答案与解析：B。
句中先行词为the school shop,它与定语从句的主语customers存在所属关系，故用关系词whose引导定语从句作定语。
句意：的商店，其主要顾客是学生，因此在假期暂停营业。
4.〔·卷〕26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, of course, made all the others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that答案与解析：B。
2014高考定语从句加详细讲解
2014全国高考汇编之定语从句一（2014安徽卷）22．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【举一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which二（2014北京卷）26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where【举一反三】The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where三（2014福建卷）31. Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. where【举一反三】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight mattersA.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where四（2014湖南卷）31.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where【举一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which五（2014江苏卷）22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where【举一反三】It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where六（2014江西卷）28. Among the many dangers_-- sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog .A. whichB. whatC. whereD. when【举一反三】That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when七（2014山东卷）10. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why【举一反三】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what八（2014陕西卷）13. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what【举一反三】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that九（2014陕西卷）15. ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. A. Why B. When C. That D. What【举一反三】Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.A. whenB. howC. thatD. whether十（2014四川卷）4. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children. ______ is quite unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it【举一反三】ed came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which十一（2014天津卷）12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.A. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them【举一反三】It is reported that two schools, are being built in my hometown, willA.they both C.both of them D.both of which十二（2014浙江卷）5. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why【举一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which十三（2014重庆卷）9.We'll reach the sales targets in a month____we set at at the beginning of the year.A. whichB.whereC. whenD.what【举一反三】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.A. whichB. whatC. themD. those1考察定语从句【答案】D本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year，后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which引导这个定语从句，并在句中做宾语。
高考必考语法精讲精练专题九：定语从句-Word版含解析
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题九：定语从句定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。
《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。
全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了定语从句引导词that/which。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词when。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词which。
基本概念：定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。
因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。
分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。
关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。
关系词及其意义：关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：①用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。
③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。