中英名词对照

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生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照ep01:crab:螃蟹landcrab:地蟹urchin:海胆jelly:水母;海蜇fish:鱼giantclam:砗磲herring:鲱鱼bird:鸟gull:海鸥;鸥turnstone:翻石鹬sandpiper:矶鹬wader:涉禽mantis:螳螂frog:青蛙;蛙tadpole:蝌蚪treefrog:树蛙rainfrog:雨蛙owlbutterfly:猫头鹰蝶insect:昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫cabbagewhite:菜粉蝶mosquito:蚊Midascichlid:双冠丽鱼sawfly:叶蜂assassinbug:猎蝽snowgoose:雪雁Arcticfox:北极狐saltwatercrocodile:湾鳄crocodile:鳄鱼crestedhawk:凤头鹃隼peripatus:栉蚕worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓centipede:蜈蚣tsetsefly:舌蝇;采采蝇gnat:蚋mushroom:蘑菇sealouse:鱼虱pipefish:海龙stickleback:刺鱼sealion:海狮antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠hyena:鬣狗;土狼bat:蝙蝠mammal:哺乳动物ChristmasIslandcrab:圣诞地蟹ant:蚂蚁ep02:elephantseal:象海豹tern:燕鸥fish:鱼gull:海鸥;鸥lacebug:网蝽lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉jumpingspider:跳蛛snowgoose:雪雁duck:鸭goose:雁ground-livingbird:走禽Arcticfox:北极狐mammal:哺乳动物opossum:负鼠bee:蜜蜂kangaroo:袋鼠wallaby:沙袋鼠;小袋鼠antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马saiga:高鼻羚羊;赛加羚羊steppeeagle:草原雕;大花雕;角雕scorpion:蝎子shrew:鼩鼱insect:昆虫eiderduck:绒鸭mara:兔豚鼠;马拉豚鼠;长耳豚鼠guineapig:豚鼠bat:蝙蝠free-tailedbat:犬吻蝠pine:松树Floridascrubjay:佛罗里达灌丛鸦indigosnake:森王蛇;靛青蛇wren:鹪鹩woodpecker:啄木鸟moorhen:黑水鸡elephant:象chimpanzee:黑猩猩albatross:信天翁tigershark:虎鲨ep03:spectacledbear:眼镜熊woollyspidermonkey:绒毛蛛猴smallredpanda:小熊猫bamboo:竹goldenbamboolemur:金竹狐猴;金竹驯狐猴insect:昆虫caterpillar:毛虫plaguebeetle:天牛beetle:甲虫milkweed:马利筋marmoset:狨猴poppy:罂粟bumblebee:熊蜂bee:蜜蜂combretum:风车子monkey:猴squirrelmonkey:松鼠猴tamarin:小绢猴capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴bird:鸟lizard:蜥蜴heliconia:蝎尾蕉;赫蕉;海里康hummingbird:蜂鸟violetsabre-wing:紫刀翅蜂鸟sabre-wing:刀翅蜂鸟columnea:金鱼花;鲸鱼花;可伦花;串金鱼mountaingemhummer:宝石蜂鸟Indianlangurmonkey:长尾叶猴flameoftheforest:凤凰木ant:蚂蚁mulgatree:金合欢树mangabey:白眉猴chimp:黑猩猩agouti:驼鼠oak:橡树lemur:狐猴aye-aye:指猴spinypocketmouse:异鼠;刺囊鼠macaw:金刚鹦鹉parrot:鹦鹉eagle:雕;鹰knot:漂鹬;红腹滨鹬dunlin:滨鹬;黑腹滨鹬mollusc:软体动物redshank:红脚鹬shrimp:虾crustacean:甲壳动物stork:鹳heron:苍鹭;鹭egret:鹭;白鹭openbill:钳嘴鹳spoonbill:琵鹭fish:鱼barracuda:梭鱼pelican:鹈鹕gull:海鸥;鸥long-earedtenrec:穴居稻田猬termite:白蚁gecko:壁虎orbspider:圆蛛;金蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻argyrodes:寄居姬蛛tropicbird:鹲;热带鸟frigate:军舰鸟ep04:greatskua:大贼鸥skua:贼鸥seabird:海鸟kittiwake:三趾鸥puffin:角嘴海雀;海鹦greaterblack-backedgull:大黑背鸥lesserblack-back:小黑背鸥;灰林银鸥seal:海豹sealion:海狮SouthAmericansealion:南美海狮whale:鲸dolphin:海豚killerwhale:虎鲸;逆戟鲸;杀手鲸fishingcat:渔猫domesticcat:家猫mouse:鼠rabbit:野兔;兔frog:青蛙;蛙bird:鸟fish:鱼Slug:蛞蝓thirstsnake:食螺蛇Americanopossum:北美负鼠dingo:澳洲野犬frilledlizard:伞蜥viper:蝰蛇tomatofrog:安东暴蛙spottedskunk:斑臭鼬stripedskunk:条纹臭鼬;加拿大臭鼬salamander:蝾螈bug:蝽;昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂snake:蛇caterpilla:毛虫ant:蚂蚁planthopper:蜡蝉spider:蜘蛛fruitfly:果蝇insect:昆虫moss:苔藓bushcricket:丛蟋thornbug:角蝉orchid:兰mantis:螳螂butterfly:蝴蝶termite:白蚁assassinbug:猎蝽deathadder:棘蛇skink:石龙子worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓bluetit:青山雀;蓝山雀hawkmoth:天蛾bromeliad:凤梨armyant:行军蚁;军蚁scorpion:蝎子millipede:马陆hawk:鹰eagle:雕;鹰Harris'shawk:栗翅鹰saguarocactus:弁庆柱;萨瓜罗掌pricklypear:仙人掌packrat:林鼠cottontailrabbit:林兔;棉尾兔chimpanzee:黑猩猩monkey:猴Dianamonkey:黛安娜长尾猴spot-nosedmonkey:白鼻长尾猴redcolobus:红疣猴ep05:baboon:狒狒bird:鸟spottedhyena:斑鬣狗hyena:鬣狗;土狼bushbaby:婴猴galago:婴猴tentcaterpillar:天幕毛虫swiftlet:金丝燕mammal:哺乳动物bat:蝙蝠insect:昆虫riverdolphin:江豚fish:鱼catfish:鲶鱼rufouselephantshrew:赤象鼩elephantshrew:象鼩black-shoulderedkite:黑肩鸢oak:橡树jay:松鸦ant:蚂蚁cataglyphis:箭蚁death's-headhawkmoth:鬼面天蛾;骷髅天蛾honeybee:蜜蜂potato:马铃薯spinylobster:真龙虾lobster:龙虾triggerfish:鳞鲀greenturtle:绿海龟turtle:海龟Arctictern:北极燕鸥tern:燕鸥rufoushummingbird:棕煌蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟royalalbatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁elver:鳗苗eel:鳗ep06:bear:熊wolf:狼bat:蝙蝠mollusc:软体动物hermitcrab:寄居蟹rosybee-eater:粉红蜂虎bee-eater:蜂虎prairiedog:草原犬鼠ferret:鼬spide:蜘蛛insect:昆虫web-spinner:足丝蚁caterpillar:毛虫moth:蛾tentcaterpillar:天幕毛虫hermithummingbird:隐蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟Indiantailorbird:长尾缝叶莺tent-makingbat:尾皮蝠weaverbird:织雀;织布鸟shag:鸬鹚bird:鸟tern:燕鸥rabbit:野兔;兔beaver:海狸wasp:蜂;胡蜂Europeanwasp:德国黄胡蜂Malaysianhoverwasp:洁平狭腹胡蜂ant:蚂蚁gianthornet:虎头蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂tropicalstinglessbee:麦蜂potterwasp:蜾蠃cliffswallow:美洲燕;崖燕termite:白蚁fungus:真菌ep07:sambardeer:水鹿egret:鹭;白鹭langurmonkey:叶猴spotteddeer:花鹿;斑鹿deer:鹿monkey:猴goby:虾虎shrimp:虾fish:鱼alga:藻类;海藻anemone:海葵hermitcrab:寄居蟹ragworm:沙蚕octopus:章鱼ant:蚂蚁caterpillar:毛虫treeant:织叶蚁grasshopper:螽斯;蝗虫;蚱蜢dairycow:奶牛butterfly:蝴蝶insect:昆虫flea:跳蚤;蚤bird:鸟starling:椋鸟louse:虱子bumblebee:熊蜂mite:螨spider:蜘蛛featherlouse:羽虱beemite:蜂螨milkweed:马利筋moth:蛾bat:蝙蝠mouse:鼠beetle:甲虫tick:蜱;扁虱finch:雀;地雀gianttortoise:象龟fish:鱼mantaray:蝠鲼sealouse:鱼虱barnacle:藤壶grouper:石斑鱼wrasse:濑鱼;裂唇鱼cleanerfish:濑鱼coral:珊瑚morayeel:海鳝;鯙suckerfish:鮣鱼remora:鮣鱼giraffe:长颈鹿oxpecker:牛椋鸟worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓tapeworm:绦虫roundworm:线虫;蛔虫backbonedanimal:脊椎动物amphibian:两栖动物reptile:爬行动物mammal:哺乳动物threadworm:丝虫;蛲虫mosquito:蚊protozoan:原生动物snail:蜗牛;螺fluke:吸虫flycatcher:鹟flatworm:扁形动物;扁虫microscopicorganism:微生物buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛leech:水蛭;蚂蟥ep08:anemone:海葵strawberryfrog:火红箭毒蛙hummingbird:蜂鸟egret:鹭;白鹭bird:鸟rovebeetle:隐翅虫fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻monkey:猴insect:昆虫damselfly:豆娘;蟌Midascichlid:双冠丽鱼frog:青蛙;蛙pistolshrimp:鼓虾fish:鱼crustacean:甲壳动物mantisshrimp:虾蛄wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫rattlesnake:响尾蛇wolf:狼deer:鹿dog:狗cat:猫zebra:斑马giraffe:长颈鹿lion:狮gorilla:大猩猩bamboo:竹langur:叶猴hippo:河马Malaysianfly:突眼蝇;炳眼蝇fieldcricket:蟋蟀mudcrab:青蟹elephant:象stagbeetle:锹甲;锹形虫Herculesbeetle:巨犀金龟;长戟大兜虫beetle:甲虫antleredfly:鹿角蝇ibex:羱羊Alaskanmoose:阿拉斯加驼鹿moose:驼鹿gazelle:瞪羚Grant'sgazelle:葛氏瞪羚ep09:eagle:雕;鹰rabbit:野兔;兔bird:鸟goldeneagle:金雕;红头雕hooperswan:大天鹅;鹄swan:天鹅chicken:鸡cacique:酋长鹂toucan:鵎鵼;巨嘴鸟capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴lion:狮buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛baboon:狒狒vampirebat:吸血蝠bat:蝙蝠donkey:驴dwarfmongoose:侏獴insect:昆虫beetle:甲虫martialeagle:猛雕mammal:哺乳动物nakedmolerat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠snake:蛇leaf-cuttingant:切叶蚁ant:蚂蚁fungus:真菌bacteria:细菌mouse:鼠wasp:蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂monkey:猴rodent:啮齿动物ep10:bird:鸟honeyguide:响蜜鴷bee:蜜蜂Africanbee:非洲蜜蜂wilddog:野犬;野狗gazelle:瞪羚cheetah:猎豹ringedplover:剑鸻skylark:云雀merlin:灰背隼molerat:鼹形鼠nakedmolerat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉waterstrider:水黾lily:莲;百合palmcockatoo:棕树凤头鹦鹉bellbird:钟雀screamingpiha:尖声皮哈鸟;尖声伞鸟piha:皮哈鸟Africangroundhornbil:非洲地犀鸟indri:大狐猴gibbon:长臂猿siamang:合趾猿mangabey:白眉猴monkey:猴vervetmonkey:绿猴;草原猴snake:蛇eagle:雕;鹰superbstarling:栗头丽椋鸟starling:椋鸟frog:青蛙;蛙firefly:萤火虫beetle:甲虫fireworm:火刺虫worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓floatingorganism:浮游生物combjelly:栉水母fish:鱼jellyfish:水母Solmissus:嗜阳水母Kiyohimea:裙水母squid:枪乌贼;鱿鱼toadfish:蟾鱼abalone:鲍sealion:海狮tuskedwhale:一角鲸;独角鲸narwhal:一角鲸;独角鲸reefsquid:拟乌贼dolphin:海豚spotteddolphin:细吻海豚;原海豚whale:鲸ep11:Indianflorican:凤头鸨nightingale:歌鸲;夜莺whale:鲸dwarfSiberianhamster:毛足鼠;侏儒仓鼠insect:昆虫fish:鱼butterflyfish:蝶鱼angelfish:棘蝶鱼;刺蝶鱼;神仙鱼;天使鱼booby:鲣鸟blue-footedbooby:蓝脚鲣鸟bird:鸟woodduck:林鸳鸯;美国木鸭merganser:秋沙鸭smew:斑头秋沙鸭goldeneye:鹊鸭duck:鸭mallard:绿头鸭damselfly:豆娘;蟌helicopterdamselfly:大痣蟌hangingfly:蚊蝎蛉fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻beetle:甲虫tropicbird:鹲;热带鸟marshharrier:沼泽鹞;泽鵟termite:白蚁red-backedsalamander:红背无肺螈salamander:蝾螈ant:蚂蚁moose:驼鹿bat:蝙蝠sac-wingedbat:囊翼蝠silkcottontree:木棉epaulettedbat:肩毛果蝠;颈囊果蝠lyrebird:琴鸟kookaburra:笑翠鸟tragopan:角雉Palawanpeacockpheasant:巴拉望孔雀稚standard-wingedbirdofparadise:幡羽极乐鸟riflebird:掩鼻风鸟;裙风鸟peacock:孔雀bowerbird:园丁鸟satinbowerbird:缎蓝园丁鸟;缎蓝亭鸟parrot:鹦鹉goldenbowerbird:金亭鸟fungus:真菌blackgrouse:黑琴鸡manakin:娇鹟;侏儒鸟club-wingedmanakin:梅花翅娇鹟;梅花翅侏儒鸟blue-crownedmanakin:蓝冠娇鹟;蓝冠侏儒鸟golden-headedmanakin:金头娇鹟;金头侏儒鸟wire-tailedmanakin:线尾娇鹟;线尾侏儒鸟long-tailedmanakin:长尾娇鹟;长尾侏儒鸟antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马topi:转角牛羚mammal:哺乳动物hyena:鬣狗;土狼ep12:worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓palolo:矶沙蚕barnacle:藤壶fish:鱼blue-headedwrasse:双带锦鱼;双带叶鲷octopus:章鱼dumplingsquid:四盘耳乌贼tortoise:龟ploughsharetortoise:犁头龟;安哥洛卡象龟;马达加斯加角龟elephant:象chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠spider:蜘蛛tarantula:捕鸟蛛;狼蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻cockroach:蟑螂;蜚蠊mountainduskysalamander:脊口螈salamander:蝾螈amphibian:两栖动物crab:螃蟹butterfly:蝴蝶Heliconius:纯蛱蝶;毒蝶wolf:狼bluegillsunfish:大鳍鳞鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃鱼lily-trotter:水雉;稚鸻jacana:水雉;稚鸻sealouse:鱼虱greaterspear-nosedbat:叶口蝠;矛吻蝠sealion:海狮bird:鸟royalalbatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁。

完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表

完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表

完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表English-XXXGrammar:语法Syntax:句法Morphology:词法Structure:结构Rank:层次Sentence:句子Clause:从句Phrase:词组Part of Speech:词类Word:单词XXX:实词Structural Word:虚词Simple Word:单纯词XXX:派生词Compound:复合词Noun:名词Proper Noun:专有名词Common Noun:普通名词Countable Noun:可数名词Uncountable Noun:不可数名词Abstract Noun:抽象名词Concrete Noun:具体名词Material Noun:物质名词Collective Noun:集体名词Individual Noun:个体名词n:介词n:连词XXX:动词Main XXX:主动词XXX:及物动词Intransitive XXX:不及物动词Link XXX:系动词Auxiliary XXX:助动词Modal XXX:情态动词Regular Verb:规则动词Irregular Verb:不规则动词Phrasal XXX:短语动词XXX:限定动词Infinite XXX:非限定动词Causative Verb:使役动词Verb of Senses:感官动词Event Verb:动态动词XXX:静态动词XXX:感叹词Adjective:形容词Adverb:副词Adverb of Manner:方式副词Adverb of Degree:程度副词Adverb of Time:时间副词Adverb of Place:地点副词Adjunct:修饰性副词Conjunct:连接性副词Interrogative Adverb:疑问副词Relative Adverb:关系副词Pronoun:代词Personal Pronoun:人称代词Possessive Pronoun:物主代词Reflexive Pronoun:反身代词Reciprocal Pronoun:相互代词Demonstrative Pronoun:指示代词Pronouns are words used in place of nouns。

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照

生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negative feedback) 8.正反馈(positive feedback)9.前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能10. 被动转运(passive transport) 11. 单纯扩散(simple diffusion)12. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)13. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel)14. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel)15. 离子通道(ion channel)16. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel)17. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)18. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport)19. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)20. 同向转运(symport) 21. 反向转运(antiport)22. 出胞(exocytosis) 23. 入胞(endocytosis)24. 跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction)25. 刺激(stimulation) 26. 兴奋(excitation)27. 兴奋性(excitability) 28. 阈值(threshold)29. 极化(polarization) 30. 去极化(depolarization)31. 超极化(hyperpolarization) 32. 复极化(repolarization)33. 内向电流(inward current) 34. 外向电流(outward current)35. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)36. 静息电位(resting potential) 37. K+平衡电位(K+ equilibrium potential)38. 动作电位(action potential) 39. 超射(overshoot)40. “全或无”现象(“all or none”phenomenon)41. 阈电位(threshold potential) 42. 局部电位(local potential)43. 时间性总和(temporal summation) 44. 空间性总和(spatial summation)45. 量子释放(quantal release)46. 兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)47. 等长收缩(isometric contraction) 48. 等张收缩(isotonic contraction)49. 前负荷(preload) 50. 后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(incomplete tetauns)53.完全强直收缩(complete tetanus) 54.运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液55. 血细胞比容(hematocrit) 56. 血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure)57. 血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)58. 血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)59. 悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility) 62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion)63.血小板聚集(platelet aggregation) 64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleeding time) 66.凝血时间(clotting time)67.血液凝固(blood coagulation) 68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clotting factor) 70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway) 72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(blood group) 74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-match test)第四章血液循环78. 心动周期(cardiac cycle)79. 等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)80. 等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)81. 每搏输出量(stroke volume)82. 射血分数(ejection fraction)83. 心输出量(cardiac output)84 心指数(cardiac index)85. 异长调节(heterometric regulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)88.等长调节(homometric regulation)89.快反应细胞(fast response cell) 90.慢反应细胞(slow response cell)91.期前收缩(premature systole) 92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity) 94.正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker) 96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)98.膜反应曲线(membrane responsiveness curve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Ca2+ release)100.外周阻力(peripheral resistance)101.动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)102.收缩压(systolic pressure)103.舒张压(diastolic pressure) 104.平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure)105.中心静脉压(central venous pressure)106.微循环(microcirculation) 107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation) 109.肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratory movement) 111.弹性阻力(elastic resistance)112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性(static compliance)114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity) 122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content)130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve) 132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion) 134.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)135.化学性消化(chemical digestion) 136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slow wave) 138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingut peptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus bicarbonate barrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)142.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)143.紧张性收缩(tonic contraction) 144.胃的排空(gastric emptying)145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex) 146.分节运动(segmentation contraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salt)第七章能量代谢与体温148. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)149. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)150. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient) 152. 基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate) 153. 体温(body temperature) 154.温热性发汗(thermal sweating)155.精神性发汗(mental sweating 156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron)第八章尿的生成和排出158. 管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)159. 肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)160. 滤过分数(filtration fraction)161. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)162. 肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)163. 葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfer maximum of glucose)164. 渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)165. 球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166. 水利尿(water diuresis) 167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能168. 感受器(receptor) 169. 感觉器官(sense organ)170. 适宜刺激(adequate stimulus) 171. 换能作用(transducer function)172. 瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensual light reflex)174. 瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)175.视敏度(visual acuity)176.暗适应(dark adaptation) 177.明适应(light adaptation)178.视野(visual field) 179.听阈(hearing threshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmus)第十章神经系统的功能183.突触(synapse) 184.经典的突触(classical synapse)185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential)186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触(non-directed synapse) 188.电突触(electric synapse)189.神经递质(neurotransmitter) 190.神经调质(neuromodulator)191.受体(receptor) 192.激动剂(agonist)193.拮抗剂(antagonist) 194.上调(up regulation)195.下调(down regulation) 196.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)197.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber) 198.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)202.特异投射系统(specific projection system)203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)204.牵涉痛(referred pain) 205.脊休克(spinal shock)206.牵张反射(stretch reflex) 207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)210.α僵直(α-rigidity) 211.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)212.自发脑电活动(spontaneous electric activity of the brain)213.脑电图(electroencephalogram)214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system) 215.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep) 216.异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep)第十一章内分泌217. 激素(hormone) 218. 允许作用(permissive action) 219. 长反馈(long-loop feedback) 220. 短反馈(short-loop feedback)221. 超短反馈(ultra-short-loop feedback)222. 下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223. 应激反应(stress reaction) 224.应急反应(emergency reaction)第十二章生殖225. 月经(menstruation) 226. 月经周期(menstrual cycle)227. 增生期(proliferative phase) 228. 黄体期(luteal phase)。

中英文生物名词对照

中英文生物名词对照
coral:珊瑚
algae:藻类;海藻
octopus:章鱼
trevally:裸胸鲹
ray:魟;鳐;鲼
whale shark:鲸鲨
shark:鲨鱼
macaque:猕猴
monkey:猴
cadence
ucos
tcp、ip
chumoping
bsp
SWI指令
cortex指令集 -m 代替51
tiger:虎
reindeer:驯鹿
insect:昆虫
bird:鸟
stonechat:黑喉石鵖
red fox:赤狐;草狐;红狐;南狐
horse:马
livestock:牲畜;家畜
demoiselle crane:蓑羽鹤;闰秀鹤
wading bird:涉禽
waterfowl:游禽
swan:天鹅
Tibetan brown bear:西藏棕熊;马熊;藏马熊
grizzly:灰熊
Tibetan fox:藏狐
ep4:
fish:鱼
sturgeon:鲟鱼
wild boar:野猪;山猪
boar:野猪;公猪
walnut:核桃;胡桃
Siberian tiger:东北虎;西伯利亚虎;阿穆尔虎
Chinese giant salamander:大鲵
amphibian:两栖动物
dragon:龙;蜥蜴;爬行动物
reptile:爬行动物
Chinese alligator:扬子鳄;中国短吻鳄
alligator:短吻鳄
pine:松树
Huangshan macaque:黄山短尾猴

数学名词中英文对照

数学名词中英文对照

数学名词中英文对照数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal) x的倒数为1/x有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial, multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数,幂 exponent乘方 power二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power开方 evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量 constant变量 variable坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解solution几何geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等边三角形 equilateral triangle 四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width周长 perimeter面积 area相似 similar全等 congruent三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant补充:集合aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列,级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution非正态分布 abnormal distribution 图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram十划除法division 除divide除数divisor 乘法multiplication 乘数multiplier 乘multiply根号radical 高altitude (height)被乘数multiplicand 被加数summand真分数proper fraction 差difference原点origin 被开方数radicand十一划连比例continues proportion 球sphere降羃descending power 偶数even number商quotient 商高定理hypotenuse-leg theorem 基数cardinal number 基底base顶角vertex angle 斜边hypotenuse (leg)通分reduction of fractions to常数项constant terma common denominator。

考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表

考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表

考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(一)感觉记忆(SM)—sensory memory短期记忆(STM)—short-term M.长期记忆(LTM)—long-term memory复诵——rehearsal预示(激发)——priming童年失忆症——childhood amnesia视觉编码(表征)——visual code(representation)听觉编码—acoustic code运作记忆——working memory语意性知识—semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序—memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我终止式扫瞄—self-terminated S.程序性知识—procedural knowledge命题(陈述)性知识——propositional(declarative)knowledge 情节(轶事)性知识—episodic K.讯息处理深度—depth of processing精致化处理—elaboration登录特殊性—coding specificity记忆术—mnemonic位置记忆法—method of loci字钩法—peg word(线)探索(测)(激发)字—prime关键词——key word命题思考——propositional thought心像思考——imaginal thought行动思考——motoric thought概念——concept原型——prototype属性——property特征——feature范例策略——exemplar strategy语言相对性(假说)—linguistic relativity th.音素——phoneme词素——morpheme(字词的)外延与内涵意义—denotative & connotative meaning (句子的)表层与深层结构—surface & deep structure语意分析法——semantic differential全句语言—holophrastic speech过度延伸——over-extension电报式语言—telegraphic speech关键期——critical period差异减缩法——difference reduction方法目的分析——means-ends analysis倒推——working backward动机——motive自由意志——free will决定论——determinism本能——instinct种属特有行为——species specific驱力——drive诱因——incentive驱力减低说——drive reduction th.恒定状态(作用)—homeostasis原级与次级动机—primary & secondary M. 功能独立—functional autonomy下视丘侧部(LH)—lateral hypothalamus 脂肪细胞说——fat-cell theory.下视丘腹中部(VMH)—ventromedial H定点论——set point th.CCK───胆囊调节激素第一性征——primary sex characteristic 第二性征——secondary sex characteristic 自我效能期望—self-efficiency expectancy 内在(发)动机—intrinsic motive外在(衍)动机—extrinsic motive成就需求——N. achievement需求层级—hierarchy of needs自我实现——self actualization冲突——conflict多项仪——polygraph肤电反应——GSR(认知)评估——(cognitive appraisal)脸部回馈假说——facial feedback hypothesis(生理)激发——arousal挫折-攻击假说——frustration-aggression hy.替代学习——vicarious learning考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(二)发展——development先天——nature后天——nurture成熟——maturation(视觉)偏好法——preferential method习惯法——habituation视觉悬崖——visual cliff剥夺或丰富(环境)——deprivation or enrichment of env.基模——schema同化——assimilation调适——accommodation平衡——equilibrium感觉动作期——sensorimotor stage物体永久性——objective permanence运思前期——preoperational st.保留概念——conservation道德现实主义——moral realism具体运思期——concrete operational形式运思期——formal operational st. 前俗例道德——pre-conventional moral 俗例道德——conventional moral超俗例道德——post-conventional moral 气质——temperament依附——attachment性别认定——gender identity性别配合——sex typing性蕾期——phallic stage恋亲冲突—Oedipal conflict认同——identification社会学习——social learning情结——complex性别恒定——gender constancy青年期——adolescence青春期—— -puberty第二性征——secondary sex characteristics 认同危机——identity crisis定向统合——identity achievement早闭型统合——foreclosure未定型统合——moratorium迷失型统合——identity diffusion传承——generativity心理动力——psycho-dynamics心理分析——psychoanalysis行为论——behaviorism心理生物观——psycho-biological perspective 认知——cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist谘商——counseling人因工程——human factor engineering组织——organization潜意识——unconsciousness完形心理学——Gestalt psychology感觉——sensation知觉——perception实验法——experimental method独变项——independent variable依变项——dependent V.控制变项——control V.生理——physiology条件化——conditioning学习——learning比较心理学——comparative psy.发展——development社会心理学——social psy.人格——personality心理计量学—psychometrics受试(者)——subject 实验者预期效应—experimenter expectancy effect 双盲法——double—blind实地实验——field experiment相关——correlation调查——survey访谈——interview个案研究——case study观察——observation心理测验——psychological test 纹理递变度——texture gradient 注意——attention物体的组群——grouping of object 型态辨识—pattern recognition形象-背景——figure-ground接近律——proximity相似律——similarity闭合律——closure连续律——continuity对称律——symmetry错觉——illusion幻觉——delusion恒常性——constancy大小——size形状——shape位置—— location单眼线索——monocular cue线性透视——linear- perspective 双眼线索——binocular cue深度——depth调节作用——accommodation重迭——superposition双眼融合——binocular fusion辐辏作用——convergence双眼像差——binocular disparity向度—— dimension自动效应——autokinetic effect运动视差—— motion parallax诱发运动—— induced motion闪光运动—— stroboscopic motion上下文﹑脉络-context人工智能——artificial intelligence A.I. 脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配——template matching整合分析法——analysis-by-synthesis丰富性——redundancy选择性——selective无意识的推论-unconscious inferences运动后效——motion aftereffect特征侦测器—feature detector激发性——excitatory抑制性——inhibitory几何子——geons由上而下处理—up-down process由下而上处理——bottom-up process连结者模式——connectionist model联结失识症——associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症——prosopagnosia意识——conscious(ness)意识改变状态——altered states of consciousness无意识——unconsciousness前意识——preconsciousness内省法——introspection边缘注意——peripheral attention多重人格——multiple personality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应—lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自动化历程——automatic process解离——dissociate解离认同失常——dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠——REM dream非快速眼动睡眠—NREM dream神志清醒的梦——lucid dreaming考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(三)显性与隐性梦——manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想——meditation抗药性——tolerance戒断——withdrawal感觉剥夺——sensory deprivation物质滥用——substance abuse成瘾——physical addiction物质依赖——sub. dependence戒断症状——withdrawal symptom兴奋剂——stimulant幻觉(迷幻)剂——hallucinogen镇定剂——sedative抑制剂——depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄—delirium tremens麻醉剂——narcotic催眠——hypnosis催眠后暗示——posthypnotic suggestion 催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学——parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP 心电感应——telepathy超感视——clairvoyance预知——precognition心理动力—psycokinesis PK受纳器——receptor绝对阈——absolute threshold 差异阈——difference threshold 恰辨差——-JND韦伯律——Weber''s law心理物理——psychophysical费雪纳定律——Fechner''s law 频率——frequency振幅——amplitude音频——pitch基音——fundamental tone倍音——overtone和谐音——harmonic音色——timbre白色噪音——white noise鼓膜——eardrum耳蜗——cochlea卵形窗—oval window圆形窗——round window前庭——vestibular sacs半规管——semicircular canals角膜——cornea水晶体——lens虹膜——iris瞳孔——pupil网膜——retina睫状肌——ciliary muscle调节作用——accommodation脊髓——spinal cord反射弧——reflex arc脑干——brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描——CAT或CT PET——正子放射断层摄影MRI——磁共振显影延脑——medulla桥脑——pons小脑——cerebellum网状结构——reticular formation RAS——网状活化系统视丘——thalamus下视丘——hypothalamus大脑——cerebrum脑(下)垂体(腺)—pituitary gland脑半球——cerebral hemisphere皮质——cortex胼胝体——corpus callosum边缘系统——limbic system海马体——hippocampus杏仁核——amygdala中央沟——central fissure侧沟——lateral fissure脑叶——lobe同卵双生子——identical twins异卵双生子—fraternal twins古典制约——classical conditioning操作制约——operant conditioning非制约刺激—(US unconditioned stimulus 非制约反应—(UR)unconditioned R.制约刺激——(CS)conditioned S.制约反应——(CR)conditioned R.习(获)得——acquisition增强作用——reinforcement消除(弱)——extinction自(发性)然恢复——spontaneous recovery 前行制约—forward conditioning同时制约——simultaneous conditioning回溯制约——backward cond.痕迹制约——trace conditioning延宕制约—delay conditioning类化(梯度)——generalization(gradient)区辨——discrimination(次级)增强物——(secondary)reinforcer嫌恶刺激——aversive stimulus试误学习——trial and error learning效果率——law of effect正(负)性增强物—positive(negative)rei.行为塑造—behavior shaping循序渐进——successive approximation自行塑造—autoshaping部分(连续)增强—partial(continuous)R定比(时)时制—fixed ratio(interval)schedule FR或FI变化比率(时距)时制—variable ratio(interval)schedule VR或VI 逃离反应——escape R.回避反应—avoidance response习得无助——learned helplessness顿悟——insight学习心向—learning set隐内(潜在)学习——latent learning认知地图——cognitive map生理回馈——biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则—Premack''s principle洪水法——flooding观察学习——observational learning动物行为学——ethology敏感化—sensitization习惯化——habituation联结——association认知学习——cognitional L.观察学习——observational L.登录﹑编码——encoding保留﹑储存——retention提取——retrieval回忆——(free recall全现心像﹑照相式记忆——eidetic imagery﹑photographic memory . 舌尖现象(TOT)—tip of tongue再认——recognition再学习——relearning节省分数——savings外显与内隐记忆——explicit & implicit memory 记忆广度——memory span组集——chunk序列位置效应——serial position effect起始效应——primacy effect新近效应——recency effect心(情)境依赖学习——state-dependent L.无意义音节—nonsense syllable顺向干扰——proactive interference逆向干扰——retroactive interference闪光灯记忆——flashbulb memory动机性遗忘——motivated forgetting器质性失忆症—organic amnesia阿兹海默症——Alzheimer''s disease近事(顺向)失忆症—anterograde amnesia旧事(逆向)失忆—retrograde A.高沙可夫症候群—korsakoff''s syndrome凝固理论—consolidation考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(三)失眠——insomnia显性与隐性梦——manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想——meditation抗药性——tolerance戒断——withdrawal感觉剥夺——sensory deprivation物质滥用——substance abuse成瘾——physical addiction物质依赖——sub. dependence戒断症状——withdrawal symptom兴奋剂——stimulant幻觉(迷幻)剂——hallucinogen镇定剂——sedative抑制剂——depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄—delirium tremens麻醉剂——narcotic催眠——hypnosis催眠后暗示——posthypnotic suggestion 催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学——parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP 心电感应——telepathy超感视——clairvoyance预知——precognition心理动力—psycokinesis PK受纳器——receptor绝对阈——absolute threshold 差异阈——difference threshold 恰辨差——-JND韦伯律——Weber''s law心理物理——psychophysical费雪纳定律——Fechner''s law 频率——frequency振幅——amplitude音频——pitch基音——fundamental tone倍音——overtone和谐音——harmonic音色——timbre白色噪音——white noise鼓膜——eardrum耳蜗——cochlea卵形窗—oval window圆形窗——round window前庭——vestibular sacs半规管——semicircular canals 角膜——cornea水晶体——lens虹膜——iris瞳孔——pupil网膜——retina睫状肌——ciliary muscle调节作用——accommodation脊髓——spinal cord反射弧——reflex arc脑干——brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描——CAT或CT PET——正子放射断层摄影MRI——磁共振显影延脑——medulla桥脑——pons小脑——cerebellum网状结构——reticular formation RAS——网状活化系统视丘——thalamus下视丘——hypothalamus大脑——cerebrum脑(下)垂体(腺)—pituitary gland 脑半球——cerebral hemisphere皮质——cortex胼胝体——corpus callosum边缘系统——limbic system海马体——hippocampus杏仁核——amygdala中央沟——central fissure侧沟——lateral fissure脑叶——lobe同卵双生子——identical twins异卵双生子—fraternal twins古典制约——classical conditioning操作制约——operant conditioning非制约刺激—(US unconditioned stimulus 非制约反应—(UR)unconditioned R.制约刺激——(CS)conditioned S.制约反应——(CR)conditioned R.习(获)得——acquisition增强作用——reinforcement消除(弱)——extinction自(发性)然恢复——spontaneous recovery 前行制约—forward conditioning同时制约——simultaneous conditioning回溯制约——backward cond.痕迹制约——trace conditioning延宕制约—delay conditioning类化(梯度)——generalization(gradient)区辨——discrimination(次级)增强物——(secondary)reinforcer 嫌恶刺激——aversive stimulus试误学习——trial and error learning效果率——law of effect正(负)性增强物—positive(negative)rei.行为塑造—behavior shaping循序渐进——successive approximation自行塑造—autoshaping部分(连续)增强—partial(continuous)R定比(时)时制—fixed ratio(interval)schedule FR或FI变化比率(时距)时制—variable ratio(interval)schedule VR或VI 逃离反应——escape R.回避反应—avoidance response习得无助——learned helplessness顿悟——insight学习心向—learning set隐内(潜在)学习——latent learning认知地图——cognitive map生理回馈——biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则—Premack''s principle洪水法——flooding观察学习——observational learning动物行为学——ethology敏感化—sensitization习惯化——habituation联结——association认知学习——cognitional L.观察学习——observational L.登录﹑编码——encoding保留﹑储存——retention提取——retrieval回忆——(free recall全现心像﹑照相式记忆——eidetic imagery﹑photographic memory . 舌尖现象(TOT)—tip of tongue再认——recognition再学习——relearning节省分数——savings外显与内隐记忆——explicit & implicit memory记忆广度——memory span组集——chunk序列位置效应——serial position effect起始效应——primacy effect新近效应——recency effect心(情)境依赖学习——state-dependent L.无意义音节—nonsense syllable顺向干扰——proactive interference逆向干扰——retroactive interference闪光灯记忆——flashbulb memory动机性遗忘——motivated forgetting器质性失忆症—organic amnesia阿兹海默症——Alzheimer''s disease近事(顺向)失忆症—anterograde amnesia 旧事(逆向)失忆—retrograde A.高沙可夫症候群—korsakoff''s syndrome 凝固理论—consolidationTHANKS致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

学疏专业班级有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal (缩醛)acid anhydride(酸Sf)A. Couper (古柏尔)acridine (卩丫唏)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group (酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine (腺嚓吟)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素)A. Kekule (开库勒)alanine (丙氨酸)alcoholysis (醇解)aldehyde (醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环炷)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type (茜素型)alkane (烷桂)alkene (烯桂)alkylation (傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne (烘炷)aloeemodin (芦荟大黃素)amines (胺类)amide (酰胺)amidino (腺基)amino acid (氨基酸)-aminobutyric acid (-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis (氨解)andiron formula (锯架式)andrographo 1 ide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene (轮烯)anomer (异头物)anomeric effect (异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蔥醍)anthrol (蔥酚)anthrone (蔥酮)anthracene (蔥)anti aromaticity or anti aromatic compound (反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚)aromatic compound (芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon (芳香绘)aromaticity (芳香性)aromatization (芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine (精氨酸)aspartic acid (天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子)atomic orbital (原子轨道)A. Wurtz reaction (武兹反应)axial bond (直立键,& 键)azul 奥!()Baeyer (拜耳)baicalein (黃苓素)baicalin (黃苓昔)barbital (巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸)base complementary (碱基配对)benzoimidazole (苯并咪醴)benzothiazole (苯并唾I坐)学疏专业班级学号benzene (苯)berberine (小漿碱)Berzelius (伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet (-折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蔥核)biological methylate (生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二服反应)□ bond (o 键)n bond (兀键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon (桥环绘)bytrepob (布特力洛夫)camphor (樟脑)cardiac glycosides (强心昔)camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花昔)carbene (卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate (碳水化合物)carbonyl 俄基)carboxyl (竣基)carboxylic acid(竣酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醍)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose (纤维二糖)cellulose (纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution (链状碳架)chain initiation step (链引发阶段)chain propagation step (链增长阶段)chain termination step (链终止阶段)chaicone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex (电荷转移络合物)chemical bond (化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality (手性)chitin (甲壳质)chitosamine (壳糖胺)chlorophyll (叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆笛酸)cholestane (胆縉烷)cholesterol (胆笛醇)chromatography (色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蔥酮大黃酚)chrysarobin (柯械素)cinchonine (金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer (顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism (顺反异构)citral (柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement (克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction (克莱森一斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction (协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon (稠环坯)conformation (构象)conformational isomerism (构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene (共辘二烯桂)conjugation system (共轨体系)conjugative effect (共轨效应)conservation of orbital symmetry (分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪笛烷)学疏专业班级学号cortisone (可的松)crown ether (冠瞇)cumulative diene (聚集二烯婭)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution (环状碳架)cycloaddition recation (环力口成反应)cycloalkane (脂环桂)cyclodextrin (环糊精)cysteine (半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黃素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应)decarboxylation (脱竣反应)delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能)delocalized electron (离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature (变性)deoxyribonuc 1 eic acid(脱氧核糖核酸)derivative of carboxylic acid (竣酸衍生物)diastereoisomer (非对映体)学疏专业班级学号diazonium salt (重氮盐)chborane (乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene (•二氯卡宾)P -dichroine ( P -常山碱)Diels一Alder reaction (狄尔斯一阿尔德反应)diene (双烯体,二烯婭)dienophile (亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (.:氢查尔酮)B —dihydrotheelin ( B —雌二醇)distillation (蒸镭法)diterpenoids (二?£类)effective atomic number (有效原子序数)E.J. Cory—H. House reaction (科瑞一郝思反应)electric field scan (电场扫描)18-electron rule (18 电子规则)electromeric effect (电性效应)electrophilic addition (亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution (亲电取代)electrophile (亲电性试剂)elimination reaction (消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆徳降解)1- emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism (对映异构)enantiomer (对映体)end—group effect (端基效应)entgegen (E,相反之意)energy of activation (活化能)enzyme (酶)ephedrine (麻黃碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯)epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯)epimer (差向异构体)epoxidation (环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e 键)ergometrine (麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角笛醇)essential amino acid (必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester (酯)ester辻ication(酯化反应)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol(黃烷醇)flavanone (_.氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黃酮醇)flavonoid (黃酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)f ormal in (福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自山基链反应)Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔一克拉夫兹反应)Frohde reageProhde 试剂)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (咲喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架)F.Wohler (武勒)galactose (半乳糖)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)gallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)Ga11ermann-Koch reaction (盖特曼一科希反应)geometricalisomer (儿何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose (葡萄糖)glutamic acid (谷氨酸)glutamine (谷酰胺)glycerol (甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen (糖原)glycoside (糖昔)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)g 1 y c yr rhe t i n i c ac i d (甘草次酸)Gmelin (哥美林)green tea polyphenols (绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction (格氏反应)Grignard Reagent (格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reac tion (希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine (K)guan i di no ()1瓜基)guanine (鸟卩票吟)guanyl (眯基)haloform (卤仿)halogenation (卤代反应)halogenation reaction (卤化反应)Haworth (哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation (氢化热)学疏专业班级学号heat of reaction (反应热)hemiacetal (半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction (兴斯堡反应)histidine (组氨酸)H.Kolbe (科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation (霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination (霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation (霍夫曼彻底屮基化反应)HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道)homolog (同系物)homologous series (同系列)hormone (激素)HUckel rule (休克尔规则)hybrid orbital (杂化轨道)hydroboration (硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松)hydrogen bond (氢键)hydrolysis (水解)hyoscyamine (產若碱)hyper con jugat i on effect (超共辄效应)imidazole (咪醴)inclusion compound (包含物)indole (口引嗥)inductive effect (诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy (红夕卜光谱)insulin (胰岛素)invert sugar (转化糖)iodine number (碘值)tectoridin (莺尾学疏专业班级学号昔)isoelectric point (PI,等电点)isoflavanone (〔氢异黃酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene (隔离:烯桂)isoleucine (异亮氨酸)isoliquiri tigenin(异甘草素)isomer (同分异构体)isoquinoline (异卩奎卩林)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素)isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole (异嚏醴)isoxazole (异噁醴)Jones reagent (琼斯试剂)ketal (缩酮)ketone (酮)K. fries rearrangement (傅瑞斯重排)K. Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction (克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction (柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction (库切洛夫反应)lactose (乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine (壳氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar (林德拉)liquiritin (甘草昔)lithium methide (甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent (卢卡斯试剂)LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbita 1)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine (赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis 试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (酉昔酸镁反应)magnetic field scan (磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰SR)maltose (麦芽糖)Mannich reaction (满尼希反应)mannose (甘露糖)mass spectroscopy (质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot (佰赛儒)Mclafferty (麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol (薄荷醇)学疏专业班级学号()-menthol [()-薄荷醇]menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine (蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (屮孕酮)provera (¥ 孕酮)methyl testosterone (屮基睾丸素)molecular orbital (分子轨道)molecular orbital theory (分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蔥核)monocrotaline (一野白合碱)monomer (单体)monoterpenoids (单菇)monosaccharide (单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation (变旋光现象)naphthalene (荼)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应)()-neomenthol [()-新薄荷醇]nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection (纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin (E 卩三酮)nitration (硝化反应)nitro compound (硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound (非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon (非苯芳绘)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent (亲核试剂)nucleoside (核昔)nucleotide (核昔酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide (寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction (欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument (旋光仪)organometallic compound (有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthrano 1 (氧化恿酚)oxazole (噁醴)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)oxonium salt 盐)oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷桂)pelargonidin (天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黃柏素-7-0-葡萄糖昔)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide (麟叶立徳)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol (频哪醇)pinene (菰烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光)polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (多环芳绘)polymer (聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound (稠环芳绘)polypeptide (多肽)polyreaction (聚合反应)polysaccharide (多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney (泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸)precipitation (沉淀法)primary structure (一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素)progesterone (黃体酮)protein (蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine (蝶唳)purine (卩票吟)pyran (毗喃)pyrazine (毗嗪)pyrazole (毗醴)pyridazine (哒嗪)pyridine (毗唏)pyrimidine (喘唳)pyrrole (毗咯)quaternary structure (四级结构)quercetin (榆I皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline (卩奎咻)quinones (醍)racemic mixture (外消旋体)racemization (外消旋化)rancidity (酸败)Raney Ni (兰尼線)reaction mechanism (反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann react ion (瑞穆尔一蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue (残基)resonance energy (共振能)resonance hybrid (共振杂化体)resonance theory (共振论)resonating structure (共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R. B. Woodward (伍徳沃德)rhe in (大黄酸)R. Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose (核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide (糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction (桑得迈尔一盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction (桑得迈尔反应)saponification (皂化)saponification number (皂化值)Sarrett reagent (沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection (萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff* s base(西佛碱)secondary structure (二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻昔A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半SS)sigmatropic reaction ( o 键迁移反应)silane (硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)B—sitosterol (B一谷縉醇)skyrin (天精,酉昆茜素)S x(NucleophMie substitution)(亲核取代)S X1 (单分子亲核取代反应)S、・2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应)sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin (鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon (螺环坯)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch (淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer (立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (笛体化合物)Stevens rearrangement (史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆當烷)strychnine (士的F)sucrose (蔗糖)sulfonation (磺化反应)systematic nomenclature (系统命需法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer (互变异构体)tautomerism (互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols (茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (祜类化合物)tertiary structure (三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素,四氢巴马汀)tetramethyl silane (四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid (四菇类)thiazole (噬醴)thiophene (卩塞吩)threonine (苏氨酸)torsional energy (扭转能)torsional strain (扭转张力)transition sate (过渡态)triglyceride (甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium (三屮基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid (三菇类)tryptophan (色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine (酪氨酸)uridine (尿喀唏)urea (服)urotropine (乌洛托品)valence bond method (价键学说)valine (織氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy (可见一紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B-(维生素BQWilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis (威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction (维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen (Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照A.J 反应历程(A J reaction mechanism )卩丫唳(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction) 氨基酸(amino acid)-氨基J 酸(-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)(azulene)B AC2反应历程(B AC2 reaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)班级学院苯二中酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪醴(benzimidazole)苯并U塞醴(benzothiazole)倍半?E (sesqui terpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰服(malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)()一薄荷醇(()一menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共辘效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chaicone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)B -常山碱(B -dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳坯(polynuclear aromatic compound) 稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution) 醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographo 1 i de)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)B —雌二醇(B —dihydrotheelin)酉昔酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction ) 萃取法(extraction) DDQ (2, 3—二氯一5, 6—氛基一1, 4 —苯酉昆)大黃素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophyll ine)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蔥核(monoanthracene nucleus)单菇(monot erpeno i ds)单糖(monosaccha:ride)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆當烷(cholestane)胆笛醇(cholesterol)胆笛酸(cholalic acid) 胆笛烷(cholestane) 胆笛醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point , PI) 迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction ) 狄尔斯一阿尔德(Diels-Alher) 电场扫描(electric field scan) 电性效应(electromeric effect) 电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex) 碘仿试验(iodoform test) 碘值(iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶唳(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid) 定位规则(orient at iong rule) 动力学概念(dynamical concept) 豆笛烷(stigmastane) 毒芹碱(coniine) 毒扁豆碱(physostigmine) 杜鹃酮(germacrone) 端基效应(end—group effect) 对映异构(enantiomerism) 对映体(enantiomers) 对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide) 多环芳桂(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E (entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN 规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁醴(oxazole)蔥(anthracene)蔥酚(anthrol)蔥I® (anthraquinones)蔥酮(anthrone)9-蔥酮大黃酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)〔烯桂(diene)〔氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)—.屮亚飒(dimethyl sulfoxide)—•硫基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol ):级结构(secondary structure):氢黃酮(flavanone)—.氢黃酮醇(flavanonol)"•氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二桔类(diterpenoids)番泻昔A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香绘(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aroniatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitr辻ication)E 燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳坯(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液(Fehting solution )费歇尔(E. Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚节明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪笛烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K. Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K. fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Qw( coenzyme Q10)咲喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼一科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)甘草昔(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离—.烯桂(isolated diene) 格林那试剂(Grignard reagent) 哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory) 共振杂化体(resonance hybrid) 共振结构式(resonating structure) 共轨效应(conjugative effect) 共辄体系(conjugation system) 共辄二烯烧(conjugated diene) 构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism) 构造异构(constitutional isomerism) 构型保持(configuration conservation) 构型转化(configuration inversion) 钩藤碱(rhynchophyll ine)B —谷笛醇(B —sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)M(guanidine )寡糖(o 1 igasaccharide)冠瞇(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) 核昔酸(nucleotide)核甘(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(~) -黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花昔(carthamin)红夕卜光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)榊皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环坯(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环力口成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己—•酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)a , B —环氧酸酯(a , B —cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-0-葡萄糖昔(phellamurin)黄苓素(baicalein)黄苓昔(baicalin)黃杉素(tax辻olin)黄酮(flavonoid)黃酮醇(flavonol)黃烷醇(flavanol)黃体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfan 订amide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R. Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation) 儿何异构体(geometrical isomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)(quaternary ammonium salt)W (quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季丿憐盐(quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)中孕酮(methporgestin)屮基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)屮基锂(lithium methide)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )O 键(o bond)o 键迁移反应(sigma tropic reaction)兀键(Ji bond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交义醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宇(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯桂(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔一武尔夫(Kishner-WoIff)—黃鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule) 康尼查罗(Cannizzaro )反应科尔贝(H・Kolbe)科瑞一郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H. House reaction) 可的松(cortisone) 可见一紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森一斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction) 柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitos&mine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宇(quinine)卩奎卩林(quinoline)酉昆(quinones)醍氢酿(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼银(Raney Ni )奁君碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤屮素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy) 离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step) 链状碳架(chain carbon constitution) 亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)麟叶立德(phosphorus ylide)0葬(phosphureted hydrogen)錢盐(phosphorate)麟酸(phosphonic acid )硫W(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫® (thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention)龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)ci —卵磷脂(ci —lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环绘(spiro hydrocarbon)班级学院氯乙酸屮酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角笛醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英一彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)眯基(amidino)喘唳(pyrimidine)咪卩坐(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)蔡(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso —form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)服(尿素)(urea)鸟嚓吟(guanine)尿喘唳(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction) 偶氮基(azo) 偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )浪烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration)硼氢化钠("BHJ毗哆醛(pyridoxal)毗咯(pyrrole)毗喃(pyran)毗嗪(pyrazine)毗醴(pyrazole)毗唳(pyridine)嚓吟(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e 键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素(prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心昔(cardiac glycosides)疑月亏酸(hydroximic acid )B —羟基醛(B —hydroxy aldehyde )桥环绘(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleoph订ic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解(hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡(hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocort i sone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢屮酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)块桂(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)卩塞吩(thiophene)嚏醴(thiazole)三菇(triterpenoids)三屮基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基麟(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺昔(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔一盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction) 色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronyc ine)山扁豆双覘(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18 电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的F (strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蔥核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)J顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四菇(quadruterpene)四屮基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二腺反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride :phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖昔(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)SE 类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1- 吐根碱(1-emetine)脱竣反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷绘(alkane)维生素A (vitamin A)维生素By (vitamin B1:)维生素Ki、K: (vitamin K】、K2 )维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黃碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(W订liamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R. B. Woodward)武兹反应(A. Wurtz reaction)烯怪(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ' s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轨效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G・ Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺U票吟(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小漿碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)織氨酸(valine)()—新薄荷醇[()—neomentholJ兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺唏唳(thymine) 12-15休克尔规则(HUckel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome )亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)徉. 盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蔥酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)—野白合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1 —乙烘基环戊醇(1 —ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ; ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异kT草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(i s orhynchophy lline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁醴(isoxazole)异嚏醴(isothiazole)异月青(月卡)(isonitrile)异唾咻(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)即三酮(ninhydrin )“引口朵(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge; grease; lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)莺尾昔(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z (Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)笛体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(sapon辻ication reaction)皂化值(s&pon辻ication value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸镭法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)月旨环桂(alicyclic hydrocarbon: cycloalkane) 直立键(a 键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮中烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自山基链反应(free radical chain reaction)B —紫罗兰酮(P — ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。

中英专业名词对照表

中英专业名词对照表

中英专业名词对照表1.对外贸易:Foreign Trade2.国际贸易:International Trade3.国内贸易:Internal Trade4.国际贸易额:Value of International Trade5.离岸价格:FOB(Free on Board)6.到岸价格:CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)7.国际贸易量:Quantum of International Trade8.国际贸易商品结构:Composition of International Trade9.对外贸易商品结构:Composition of Foreign Trade10.对外贸易依存度:Ratio of Dependence on Foreign Trade11.贸易差额:Balance of Trade12.国际贸易地理方向:International Trade by Regions13.对外贸易地理方向:Direction of International Trade14.贸易条件:Terms of Trade15.净贸易条件:Net Barter Terms of Trade16.出口贸易:Export Trade17.进口贸易:Import Trade18.复出口:Re-Export19.复进口:Re-Import20.净出口:Net Export21.净进口:Net Import22.过境贸易:Transit Trade23.总贸易体系:General Trade System24.专门贸易体系:Special Trade System25.有形贸易:Visible Trade26.无形贸易:Invisible Trade27.直接贸易:Direct Trade28.间接贸易:Indirect Trade29.转口贸易:Entrepot Trade30.自由结汇方式贸易:Free Liquidation Trade31.易货贸易:Barter Trade32.重商主义:Mercantilism33.零和游戏:Zero-Sum Game34.国富论:An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations35.绝对优势理论:Theory of Absolute Advantage/Theory of Absolute Cost36.自由放任:Laissez-Faire37.自然禀赋:Natural Endowment38.有利条件:Acquired Endowment39.政治经济学及赋税原理:Principles of Political Economy and Taxation40.比较优势理论:Theory of Comparative Advantage41.劳动价值论:Labor Theory of Value42.机会成本:Opportunity Cost43.替代成本:Substitution Cost44.机会成本理论:Opportunity Cost Theory45.生产可能性曲线:Production Possibility Curve/Production Possibility Frontier46.边际转换率:MRT(Marginal Ratio of Transformation)47.社会无差异曲线:Community Indifference Curve48.边际替代率:MRS(Marginal Ratio of Substitution)49.边际效率递减:Diminishing Marginal Utility50.孤立均衡:Equilibrium in Isolation51.贸易均衡的商品相对价格:Equilibrium Relative Commodity Price with Trade52.交易所得:Gains from Exchange53.分工所得:Gains from Specialization54.专业化分工:Complete Specialization55.要素禀赋理论:Factor Endowment Theory56.要素丰裕度:Factor Abundance57.生产要素:Factor of Production58.要素密集度:Factor Intensity59.要素密集型产品:Factor Intensive Commodity60.资本密集型产品:Capital-intensive Commodity61.劳动密集型产品:Labor-intensive Commodity62.要素价格均等化定理:Factor-price Equalization Theory63.斯托尔帕-萨缪尔森定理:The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem64.里昂惕夫之谜:Leontief Paradox65.人力资本说:Human Capital Theory66.人力技能说:Skilled Labor Theory/Human Skill Theory67.生产要素密集型逆转:Factor Intensity Reversal68.替代弹性:Elasticity of Substitution69.规模报酬递增论:Theory of Increasing Returns to Scale70.规模报酬递增:Increasing Returns to Scale71.内部规模经济:Internal Economies of Scale72.外部规模经济:External Economies of Scale73.干中学:Learning-by-Doing74.先行优势:First Mover Advantage75.产业间贸易:Inter-Industry Trade76.产业内贸易:Intra-Industry Trade77.不完全竞争:Imperfect Competition78.垄断性竞争:Monopolistic Competition79.寡占:Oligopoly80.独占:Monopoly81.技术差距论(创新与模仿理论):Technological Gap Theory(Innovation and Imitation Theory)82.产品生命周期理论:Product Cycle Model83.爬梯:Ladder and Queue84.偏好相似理论:Theory of Preference Similarity85.国家竞争优势理论:The Theory of Competitive Advantage of Nations86.幼稚工业保护论:Infant-Industry Argument87.对外贸易乘数理论:The Theory of Foreign Trade Multiplier88.公平贸易论:Fair-Trade Argument89.国际收支论:Balance-of-payment Argument90.贸易条件论:Terms-of-trade Argument91.政府收入论(关税收入论):Government Revenue Argument(Tariff Revenue Argument)92.收入再分配论:Income-Redistribution Argument93.国内扭曲论:Domestic Distortion Argument94.保护就业论:Employment-protection Argument95.国家安全论:National Security Argument96.经济多样化论:Theory of Diversification of Economy97.关税:Custom Duties/Tariff98.从量税:Specific Tariff99.从价税:Ad Valorem Tariff100.混合税:Compound Tariff101.选择税:Select Tariff102.进口税:Import Tariff103.出口税:Export Tariff104.过境税:Transit Tariff105.进口附加税:Import Surtax106.反倾销税:Anti-dumping Tariff107.反补贴税:Counter Vailing Tariff108.紧急关税:Emergency Tariff109.惩罚关税:Penalty Tariff110.报复关税:Retaliatory Tariff111.差价税:Variable Levy112.滑动关税:Sliding Duty113.目标价格:Target Price114.门槛价格:Threshold Price115.特惠税:Preferential Duty116.普遍优惠制:GSP(Generalized System of Preferences)117.免责条款:Escape Clause118.预定限额:Prior Limitation119.毕业条款:Graduation Clause120.原产地标准:Origin Criteria121.直接运输规则:Rule of Direct Consignment122.原产地证书:Certificate of Origin123.价格效应:Price Effect124.消费效应:Consumption Effect125.生产效应:Production Effect126.贸易效应:Trade Effect127.财政效应:Revenue Effect128.收入再分配效应:Income-Redistribution Effect129.福利效应:Welfare Effect130.关税水平:Tariff Level131.名义保护率:NRP(Nominal Rate of Protection)132.有效保护率:ERP(Effective Rate of Protection)133.关税升级/瀑布式结构:Cascading Tariff Structure 134.非关税壁垒:NTB(Non-Tariff Barriers)135.进口配额:Import Quotas136.绝对配额:Absolute Quotas137.关税配额:Tariff Quotas138.全球配额:Global Quotas/Unallocated Quotas139.国别配额:Country Quotas140.进口商配额:Importer Quotas141.自动出口配额(自动出口限制):Voluntary Export Quotas(Voluntary Export Restriction)142.进口许可证制:Import License System143.公开一般许可证:OGL(Open General License)144.特种商品进口许可证:SL(Specific License)145.外汇管制:Foreign Exchange Control146.官方汇率:Official Exchange Rate147.最低限价:Minimum Price148.闸门价:Sluice Gate Price149.禁止进口:Prohibitive Import150.国内税:Internal Taxes151.进出口国家垄断/国营贸易:State Monopoly/State Trade152.歧视性政府采购政策:Discriminatory Government Procurement Policy 153.海关估价制度:Customs Valuation System154.技术性贸易堡垒:TBT(Technical Barriers to Trade)155.商品包装与标签的规定:Packing and Labeling Regulation156.技术标准:Technical Standard157.环境贸易壁垒:Environment Trade Barriers158.区域经济一体化:Regional Economic Integration159.优惠贸易安排;Preferential Trade Arrangements160.自由贸易区:Free Trade Area161.关税同盟:Customs Union162.共同市场:Common Market163.经济同盟:Economic Union164.完全经济一体化:Complete Economic Integration165.部门一体化:Sectoral Integration166.全盘一体化:Overall Integration167.水平一体化:Horizontal Integration168.垂直一体化:Vertical Integration169.贸易创造效应:Trade Creation Effect170.贸易转移效应:Trade Diversion Effect171.欧盟:EU(European Union)172.北美自由贸易区:NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)173.亚太经合组织:APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)174.东南亚国家联盟:ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)175.国际资本流动:International Capital Flow176.国际劳动力流动:International Labor Flow177.跨国公司:MNC(Multi-national Cooperation)178.公司内贸易:Intra-firm Trade179.垄断优势理论:Ownership Advantage Theory180.内部化理论:Internalization Advantage Theory181.国际生产折衷理论:The Eclectic Theory182.区位优势理论:Location Theory183.边际产业扩张理论:Theory of Marginal Industry Dilation184.投资发展阶段理论:Investment Development Path185.剩余出路论:Vent-for Surplus Theory186.贸易条件恶化论:Deteriorating Trade Terms Theory187.收入贸易条件:Income Terms of Trade188.单因素贸易条件:Single Factorial Terms of Trade189.双因素贸易条件:Double Factorial Terms of Trade190.进口替代战略:Import Substitution Strategy191.出口导向战略:Export Orientation Strategy192.贸易条约与协定:Commercial Treaties and Agreements193.通商航海条约:Treaty of Commerce and Navigation194.贸易协定:Trade Agreement195.贸易议定书:Trade Protocol196.支付协定:Payment Agreement197.最惠国待遇条款:MFNT(Most-favored Nation Treatment)198.国民待遇条款:National Treatment199.国际商品协定:ICA(International Commodity Agreement)200.商品综合方案:Integrate Programmer for Commodity201.石油输出国组织:OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)202.关税与贸易总协定:GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)203.世界贸易组织:WTO(World Trade Organization)204.非歧视原则:Non-discrimination Principle205.自由贸易原则:Free Trade Principle206.公平竞争原则:Fair Trade Principle207.透明度原则:Transparency Principle208.可兑换货币:Convertible Currency209.资本外逃:Capital Flight210.国际开发协会:IDA(International Development Association)211.紧缩信贷:Tighten Credit Creation212.增值税:Value Added Tax213.成本推进型通货膨胀:Cost-Push Inflation214.需求推动型通货膨胀:Demand-Pull Inflation215.储备货币:Reserve Currency216.远期汇率:Forward Exchange Rate217.即期汇率:Spot Rate218.远期升水:Forward Premium219.远期降水:Forward Discount220.经常账户:Current Account221.资本账户:Capital Account222.补偿贸易:Compensatory Trade223.出口信贷:Export Credit224.出口补贴:Export Subsidy225.外汇倾销:Exchange Dumping226.贸易顺差:Favorable Balance of Trade227.贸易逆差:Unfavorable Balance of Trade 228.自由贸易区:Free Trade Zone。

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中外文名词对照表Adenauer , Konrad 阿登纳,K.Agricultural Adjustment Act 农业调整法Albanian Party of Labor 阿尔巴尼亚劳动党Al-Fatah 法塔赫Alsace—Lorraine 阿尔萨斯—洛林American Neutrality Acts 美国中立法Andean Pact Organization, APO 安第斯条约组织Anglo—Japanese Alliance 英日同盟Antitrust laws 反托拉斯法Arabian-American Oil Company 阿拉伯-美国石油公司Arab Socialist Renaissance Party, or Ba‘th Party阿拉伯复兴社会党Arafat ,Yasser 阿拉法特Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟Atlantic Charter 大西洋宪章Attlee ,Clement Richard 艾德礼,C.R.Aung San 昂山Austria-Hungary 奥匈帝国Axis Powers 轴心国Badoglio ,Pietro 巴多利奥,P.Baghdad Pact 巴格达条约Baghdad railway 巴格达铁路Baldwin ,Stanley 鲍德温,S.Balfour Declaration 贝尔福宣言Balkan League 巴尔干同盟Balkan Wars 巴尔干战争Barthou ,Jean-Louis 巴尔都,J.-L.Battle of Giron Beach 吉隆滩战役Battle of Guadalcanal Island 瓜达尔卡纳尔岛战役Battle of Midway Islands 中途岛战役Battle of Pochonbou 普天堡战斗Battles of el-Alemein 阿拉曼战役Beer Hall Putsch 啤酒店暴动Berlin crises 柏林危机Berlinguer ,Enrico 贝林格,E.Berne International 伯尔尼国际Bethune ,Henry Norman 白求恩,H.N.Bevin ,Ernest 贝文,E.Bessarabia 比萨拉比亚Big Stick Policy 大棒政策Birla financial group 比尔拉财团Blitzkriek 闪电战Bolshevik 布尔什维克Bose ,Subhas Chandra 鲍斯,S.C. Bosnian crisis 波斯尼亚危机Brandt ,Willy 勃兰特,W.Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议Brezhnev 勃列日涅夫Berlin wall 柏林墙Briand-Kellogg Pact 白里安-凯洛格公约Browder ,Earl Russell 白劳德,E.R. Bushido, or code of warriors 武士道Cairo Conference 开罗会议Camp david talks 戴维营会谈Caribbean crisis 加勒比危机Casablanca Conference 卡萨布兰卡会议Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Chamberlain, Arthur Neville 张伯伦,A.N. Churchill ,Winston Leonard Spencer 丘吉尔,W.L.S. Cold war 冷战Communist International 共产国际Communist Party, Britain 英国共产党Communist Party of Australia 澳大利亚共产党Communist Party of Burma 缅甸共产党Communist Party of India 印度共产党Communist Party of Kampuchea 柬埔寨共产党Communist Party of the United States of America 美国共产党Conference of Munich 慕尼黑会议Conference of Non-Aligned Countries 不结盟国家会议Conference of Washington 华盛顿会议Conservative Party, Great Britain 英国保守党Contadora Group 孔塔多拉集团Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, CMEA 经济互助委员会Cuba missiles crisis 古巴导弹危机Curtin ,John Joseph 柯廷,J.J.Curzon Line 寇松线Dawes Plan 道威斯计划Declaration by United Nations 联合国家宣言De Gaulle ,Charles Joseph 戴高乐,C.J.Democratic Party, United States 美国民主党Dollar Diplomacy 金元外交Du Bois William Edward Burghardt 杜波依斯,W.E.B. Dumbarton oaks conference 敦巴顿橡树园会议East Conference 东方会议Ebert ,Friedrich 艾伯特,F.Eden ,Robert Anthony 艾登,R.A.Edgar Snow 斯诺,E.Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty 埃以和约Eisenhower ,Dwight David 艾森豪威尔,D.D.Entente powers 协约国Enver Hoxha 霍查,E.European Economic Community, EEC 欧洲经济共同体Evacuation from Dunkirk 敦刻尔克撤退Fascism 法西斯主义Federal Republic of Germany 德意志联邦共和国Fidel Castro Ruz 卡斯特罗,F.Fifth Column 第五纵队First International 第一国际First World War 第一次世界大战Foch ,Ferdinand 福煦,F.Fourteen Points of T.W.Wilson 威尔逊十四点计划Fourth International 第四国际Foster ,William Zebulon 福斯特,W.Z.Francisco Franco Bahamonde 佛朗哥,F.Free French 自由法国French Fifth Republic 法兰西第五共和国French Forth Republic 法兰西第四共和国Gandhi ,Mohandas Karamchand 甘地,M.K.Geheime Staatspolizei, Gestapo 国家秘密警察(盖世太保)Geneva Conferences 日内瓦会议George ,David Lloyd 劳合·乔治,D.German Democratic Republic 德意志民主共和国German Empire 德意志帝国Good Neighbor Policy 睦邻政策Gramsci ,Antonio 葛兰西,A. Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere 大东亚共荣圈Group of 77 七十七国集团Guevara, Ernesto(“Che”) Serna 格瓦拉,E.(切·)Haile Selassie Ⅰ海尔·塞拉西一世Hirohito 裕仁Hiroshima 广岛Hitler , Adolf 希特勒,AHo Chi Minh 胡志明Honecker ,Erich 昂纳克,E.Hoover ,Herbert Clark 胡佛,H.C.Hungarian Event 匈牙利事件Hunger marches 饥饿进军Ikeda Hayato 池田勇人Imperial preference 帝国特惠制Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党Indochina Wars 印度支那战争Indo-Pakistani Wars 印巴战争International Brigades 国际纵队International monetary fund 国际货币基金组织Iron curtain 铁幕Isolationism 孤立主义Japanese Communist Party 日本共产党July Revolution of Egypt 埃及七月革命June 5 War 六·五战争Katayama Sen 片山潜Kemal ,Mustafa 凯末尔Kemal’s Revolution 凯末尔革命Kennedy ,John Fitzgerald 肯尼迪,J.F.Khmer Rouge 红色高棉Kim Il-sung 金日成King ,Martin Luther 金,M.L.Kishi Nobusuke 岸信介Konoe Fumimaro 近卫文麿Korean War 朝鲜战争Ku- klux- klan 三K党Labour Party, Great Britain 英国工党Landing Operation on Normandy 诺曼底登陆战役League of Arab States,also Arab League 阿拉伯国家联盟League of Nations 国际联盟Lee Kuan Yew 李光耀Lend-lease act 租借法Leninism 列宁主义Liberal-Democratic Party, Japan 日本自由民主党Little Entente 小协约国MacDonald ,James Ramsay 麦克唐纳,J.R.Madiun Affair 茉莉芬事件Maginot Line 马奇诺防线Malvinas Islands War 马尔维纳斯群岛战争Marshall ,George Catlett 马歇尔,G.C.Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划Massacre of Amritsar 阿姆利则惨案Menshevik 孟什维克Middle East Wars 中东战争Montgomery ,Bernard Law 蒙哥马利,B.L.Moscow Conferences 莫斯科会议Mountbatten Plan 蒙巴顿方案Mrs. Margaret Hilda Thatcher 撒切尔夫人,M.H.Munich agreement 慕尼黑协定Munich scheme in the Far East 远东慕尼黑阴谋Muslim League, Pakistan 巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟Mussolini ,Benito Amilcare Andrea 墨索里尼,B.A.A.Nasser ,Gamal Abdel 纳赛尔Nazi Party 纳粹党Nehru ,Jawaharlal 尼赫鲁,J.New Deal 新政New economic policy 新经济政策Nixon Doctrine 尼克松主义Nixon ,Richard Milhous 尼克松,R.M. Nonviolent and noncooperation movements 非暴力不合作运动Norodom Sihanouk 诺罗敦·西哈努克North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织North-South Dialogue 南北对话November Revolution in Germany 德国十一月革命Nuremberg trials 纽伦堡审判Open Door Policy 门户开放政策Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织Organization of American States 美洲国家组织Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织Overlord 霸王作战计划Pacific War 太平洋战争Pact of Locarno 洛迦诺公约Pahlavi dynasty 巴列维王朝Palestine Liberation Organization 巴勒斯坦解放组织Palestinian War 巴勒斯坦战争Pan-Africanism movement 泛非主义运动Pan-American Union 泛美联盟Paris Peace Conference 巴黎和会Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 部分禁止核试验条约Peace Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 布列斯特-立托夫斯克和约Pearl Harbor Incident 珍珠港事件Petain ,Henri Philippe 贝当,H.P.policy of appeasement 绥靖政策policy of collective security 集体安全政策Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza 波兰统一工人党Potsdam Conference 波茨坦会议Quebec Conferences 魁北克会议Quisling ,Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonsson 吉斯林,V.A.L.J.Reagan ,Ronald Wilson 里根,R.W. Reichstag fire 国会纵火案Republican Party, United States 美国共和党Rhee Syngman, also Li Sung-man 李承晚Rice riot 米骚动Roosevelt ,Franklin Delano 罗斯福,F.D.San Francisco Treaty of Peace with Japan 《旧金山对日和约》Second-and-a-Half International 第二半国际Second Front of World WarⅡ第二战场Second International 第二国际Second World War 第二次世界大战Smedley ,Agnes 史沫特莱,A.Socialist International 社会党国际Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, SEATO 东南亚条约组织South-South Cooperation 南南合作Soviet-Finnish War 苏芬战争Soviet Republic of Bavaria 巴伐利亚苏维埃共和国Spanish Civil War 西班牙内战Stalin 斯大林Stalingrad 斯大林格勒Stilweell ,Joseph Warren 史迪威,J.W.Stresemann ,Gustav 施特莱斯曼,G.Strong ,Anna Louise 斯特朗,A.L.Sukarno 苏加诺Tanaka Giichi 田中义一Tanaka Kakuei 田中角荣Tata financial group 塔塔财团Teheran Conference 德黑兰会议Thai Communist Party 泰国共产党The October Revolution 十月革命Third International 第三国际Third Reich 第三帝国Three World 三个世界Tito , Josip Broz 铁托,J.B.Tojo Hideki 东条英机Tokyo trials 东京审判Toynbee ,Arnold Joseph 汤因比,A.J.Treaties of Security and Safeguard Between Japan and UnitedStates 日美安全保障条约Treaty for the Elimination of Medium-range Missile 中程导弹条约Treaty for the Renunciation of War 非战公约Treaty of non-Aggression Between Soviet Union and Germany苏德互不侵犯条约Treaty of Versailles 凡尔赛和约Trotskyism 托洛茨基主义Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义Truman ,Harry S. 杜鲁门,H.S.Unconditional surrender 无条件投降United Nations 联合国Vargas ,Getulio Dorneles 瓦加斯,G.D.Vichy government 维希政府Vietnamese Communist Party 越南共产党Warsaw Treaty Organization 华沙条约组织Warsaw Uprising 华沙起义Watergate Affair 水门事件White Australia Policy 白澳政策Wilson ,Thomas Woodrow 威尔逊,T.W.World bank 世界银行World health organization 世界卫生组织Yalta Conference 雅尔塔会议Yoshida Shigeru 吉田茂Young Plan 杨格计划Zionism犹太复国主义。

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