2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(第3套)

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2012年12月英语四级真题及答案(卷3)

Doctoral degree1,5501,2721,038712626444Master’s degreeBachelor’s degreeSome college,no degreeHigh school diplomaLess than high school degree 2012年12月大学英语四级真题(3)Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

Direction:For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to write a composition entitled E ducation Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings of 2010).Please write at least 120words but no more than 180words.Education:A Worthy InvestmentWeekly earnings in 2010($)Source:U.S.Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation PaysPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Di rections:In this part,you will have 15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Suffering in silenceDespite a law designed to protect them,many people with disabling conditions are unaware of their rights.Carole Concha-Bell tells of her experiences.Being diagnosed with a disabling condition is always a shock.Learning to live without the guarantee of health is like having to unlearn a previous life.The implications for your working life may seem intimidating.There is the disability Discrimination Act (DDA),of course.But does it really provide theprotection in the workplace that parliament intended?Are employers merely paying lip service to the DDA?Or are they even aware of an employer’s legal duties and responsibilities?In my experience,it is the latter.I have received little support from employers to whom I have revealed my condition.This has often left me feeling at a disadvantage and wondering why I bothered doing so in the first place.I had been struggling with illness long before I was diagnosed.In practical terms the diagnosis did little to aid me.Of course,it enabled me to understand my body,my limitations and set me on a course to stabilize my symptoms.But it brought a new dilemma.Where I had previously struggled to work while ill,ignorant of why my body was misbehaving,I now had a name for my daily struggle:Lupus(狼疮).This is a chronic(慢性的),auto-immune disorder that can affect virtually any system in the body.It also leaves a huge,dark question hanging over my head when seeking employment:should I tell my employers I have a condition?It is a dilemma that continues to be a root cause of anxiety both for myself and for thousands of other UK employees.The rocky road to my unfortunate enlightenment about work and disability began just after graduation when I’d set my sights on a career in communications and landed my dream job with a respected public relations consultancy(咨询公司)in Bristol.But while I was learning the art of media relations,my body wasn’t quite making it in health terms.I often went to work with swollen limbs and fevers.At my first and last performance review,my boss was amazed that, despite my many capabilities,I hadn’t quite taken control of my responsibilities.A few months later,my contract wasn’t renewed and I plunged further into new depths of ill health.However,I was determined not to be beaten and returned to the interview trail.My next job was in publishing.But despite a shining performance at the interview,I felt like a fraud.How long would it be before I sank into ill health and depression again?The job was to end with a monumental bang when I became so poorly I could no longer function.A few feverish weeks in bed ended in a specialist appointment,where I was diagnosed with Lupus and rushed into hospital for fear that it may have attacked my internal organs.The next12months were filled with confusion.I had no idea about benefits,felt alienated (被视为另类)by the medical establishment and lived off my savings until I was broke.I realized I needed help from my family and moved to London.As soon as I felt better,I marched into a marketing recruitment consultancy and,within10 minutes,I had impressed the interviewer enough to be offered a job with the agency.We agreed on a decent salary and I told him had arthritis(关节炎)and would need to work a four-day week.Things went well at the start but soon the client meetings began to fall on my day off,and I rarely left the office on time.I began to slip both in health and professional terms.The10-hour days crashed around my head;no amount of make-up could disguise my ill health as I battled against the odds to prove to myself that I cold still make it in the business world.I often cried on the bus on the way back from work.Not long before my contract was due to be made permanent,I was called to the boss’s office and given the“talk”abut how my performance was slipping,how awful I looked.I felt too weak to fight back and agreed to leave.No attempts to offer adjustments to my job,such as being able to work from home,were ever made.I had a case for unfair dismissal under the DDA,but was ignorant of this at the time.An estimated10million people in UK,or17%of the population,qualify for disability statusunder the DDA.I have encountered a number of them:the liver-diseased boss;the co-worker with a heart condition;and my asthmatic(哮喘的)trainee-teacher friend.None had disclosed(透露) their conditions to employers,and all were feeling the strain of not doing so.To access your rights under the DDA and to request“reasonable adjustments”to your working conditions or your workplace requires disclosure.I had warned my former employer about my condition but it served little purpose.They were ignorant about their obligations to their disabled staff.However,there are plenty of forward-thinking organizations that have inclusive recruitment policies;are more likely to employ a worker with a disability;and are more aware of their legal duties.The public sector out-performs the private,but not always the voluntary,according to studies for the Disabilities Rights Commission.I decided to give the voluntary sector a go and was surprised to be offered flexible working conditions and other solutions to meet my needs as an employee.But given the choice,I would still prefer a career in the private sector,which for me is more dynamic,has more attractive salaries and offers better prospects than the voluntary or public sectors.Despite the advances of the DDA,there will always be an army of workers who will soldier on,maybe aware of their rights but choosing to remain silent for personal reasons.It is important, though,to recognize the significance of the act,the protection it affords and the obligations that employers have to us as employees and as human beings.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版Part I Writing【标准版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not bec ause they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章点评】本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。

2012年英语四级答案全部答案完美

范文：Education Pays, published every three years, presents detailed evidence of the private an d public benefits of higher education. It also sheds light on the distribution of these benefi ts by examining both the increases and the persistent disparities in college participation a nd completion. In the three years between the publication of Education Pays 2007 and Ed ucation Pays 2010, median earnings for four-year college graduates increased more rapidl y than those of high school graduates and the gap between the unemployment rates of th e two groups grew. In addition to earnings comparisons, the report documents differences in lifestyles, health, and other outcomes for people with and without college education. Dif ferences in enrollment and completion patterns across demographic groups highlight the r eality that gaps in educational attainment are explained by a combination of money and ot her factors.快速阅读卷一题目The Magician 这篇1.showman2.she started3.he keen4.one5.an inspire6.he command7.many8.closed and inflexiblebined 10.putting a diny in the universe快速阅读二1、soil erosion2、The protection3、plant and animal.4、Because they can help5、Because of human6、the conservation of7、increase species8、the likelihood of soil erosion, landslides and floods9、the forest is key to many of the planet's natural cycle, such as carbon and water cycles快速阅读三1, a, ensuring no child is left behind。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education PaysYou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? "Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______. A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them 2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect 3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take? A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress. C. so that we don’t break any rules. D. so that we don’t run into trouble. 4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______? A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed to be unintentional. C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions. 5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to other people’s advice. C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder. 6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______. A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressive C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end 7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______. A) pay more dearly B) become more confident C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky 8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______ 9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s _______ 10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders asa result of _______. Part III Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom. M: Why don’t we walk over there and see for ourselves? Q: What will the speakers probably do? 12. M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall.I hope to see you there. W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 o’clock tomorrow. Q: What do we learn about the woman? 13. W: How long have you been running this company? M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today. Q: What do we learn about the man? 14. M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year. W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it. Q: What does the woman mean? 15. W: Taking a bus to Miami, it’s cheaper than going by train. M: That’s true. But I’d rather pay a little more for the added comfort andconvenience. Q: What does the man mean? 16. M: I think it’s time we got rid of all this old furniture. W: You’re right. We need to promote our image besides it’s not a real antique. Q: What do the speakers mean? 17. M: That was some storm yesterday. How was I afraid I couldn’t make it home. W: Yeah, most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didn’t get home from the lab until midnight. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 18. W: My boys are always complaining that they’re bored. M: Why don’t you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week. Q: What does the man mean? Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. W: I don’t know what to do. I can’t seem to get anyone in the hospital to listen to my complaints and this outdated equipment is dangerous. Just look at it. M: Hmm, uh, are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard? W: Yes, I am. The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it, but they are trying to cut costs. M: You are pregnant, aren’t you? W: Yes, I am. I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department, but he urged me not to complain too loudly. Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment, I’m afraid to refuse to work. But I’m more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation. M: I see what you mean. Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful. W: Oh, what am I supposed to do then? M: Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act. But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet. W: Do you think I have a good case? M: If you do lose your job, the union will fight to get it back for you along with back pay, your lost income. But you have to be prepared for a long wait, maybe after two years. Q19. What does the woman complain about? Q20. What has the woman asked her supervisor to do? Q21. What does the man say about the two federal laws? Q22. What will the union do if the woman loses her job Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. W: Mr. Green, is it fair to say that negotiation is an art? M: Well, I think it’s both an art and science. You can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically, but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do with one’s artistic quality. The scientific part of a negotiation is in determining your strategy. What do you want out of it? What can you give? Then of course there are tactics. How do you go about it? Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for? And then of course there are the behavioral aspects. W: What do you mean by the behavioral aspects? M: Well, that’s I think where the art comes in. In your behavior, you can either be an actor. You can pretend that you don’t like things which you are actually quite pleased about. Or you can pretend to like things which you are quite happy to do without. Or you can be the honest type negotiator who’s known to his partners in negotiation and always plays everything straight. But the artistic part of negotiation I think has to do with responding immediately to cues one gets in the process of negotiation. These can be verbal cues or even body language. This is where the artistic quality comes in. W: So really, you see two types of negotiator then, the actor or the honest one. M: That’ right. And both can work. I would say the honest negotiator can be quite effective in some circumstances. In other circumstances you need an actor. Q23. When is a scientific approach best embodied in a negotiation according to the man? Q24. In what way is a negotiator like an actor according to the man? Q25. What does the man say about the two types of negotiator? Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys something. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart. One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don’t mind waiting while I go get it.” Five minutes later, he is back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. Strange as it seems, customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customers will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, “Oh no, what did I do with mycheck book?” After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she’s forgotten hers. But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and that’s something I can’t afford to forget. Q26. What does the speaker say about customers’ entering the grocery store? Q27. Which customers are supposed to be in the express line? Q28. What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter? Q29. What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk? Passage 2 Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal. Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully written manuscripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers in other cultures. American audiences prefer natural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They don’t relate well to speakers who read from a manuscript. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language and style you use when writing. Well-written information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it’s much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult. Question 30 to 32 30. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer? 31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation? 32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk? Passage 3 Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert.We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help children when they tell us that they can’t find a way to get the right answer. Question 33 to 35 33. How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker? 34. What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker? 35. What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching? Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. (听力原文)Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail. It may seem to you that most Americans are completely controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time. Americans’ language is filled with references to time, giving a clear indication of how much it is valued. Time is something to be “on,” to be “kept,” “filled,” “saved,” “wasted,” “gained,” “planned,” “given,” “made the most of,” even “killed.” The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America. Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “wastes” time and doesn’t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 is based on the following passage. So many people use the cell phone so frequantly every day,But ___47__little is certain adout he health effects of its use.Macufacturers___48___that cell phones meet government standards for safe radio- frequency radiation omission,but enough studies are beginning to document a possible ___49___in rare brain tumour(肿瘤)：bendaches and behavioral disorders in children to cause coneem.So far,the avidence isn't___50___on whether the use of cell phones __51__to any uncased risk of cancer.In a new trial,researchers asked 47 yolunteers to ___52__in a project to measure glucose(葡萄糖)consurnption in the brain by scanning the brain to see how cells use energy.For both 50- minute scans,the volunteers had a cell phone __53__to each ear.During be first scan,the devices were turned off,but for the second scan,the phone on the right ear as___54____on and received a recorded- message call,although the yolume was muted(消毒) so the dise wouldn't bias the results.The results of the second scan abowed that the__55__of the brain rarest to the device had higher rales of glucose consumption than the rest of the brain.The study ows that cell phones can change brain activity,and __56__a whole new avenue for scientific quiry,tuough it doesn't say anything about whether cell-phone radiation can cause cancer. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案。

Doctoral degree1,550 1,272 1,038712 626 444 Master ’s degreeBachelor ’s degreeSome college, no degreeHigh school diplomaLess than high school degree 2012年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled E ducation Pays basedon the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings of 2010). Please write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.Education: A Worthy InvestmentWeekly earnings in 2010($)Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation PaysPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Di rections: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and T obacco?Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol andtobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).In an opinion piece called “The T oxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar ” published Feb.1 in Nature, Robert“There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose (果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills —slowly.”Almost everyone’s heard of —or personally experienced —the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol o r tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of U.S. children and teens are obese (肥胖), and across the world the sugar intake(摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Li nda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children’s Healthcare, said “We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It’s not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults.”“There are good calories and bad calories, just as there aregood fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸) and bad amino acids,” Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But sugar is toxic beyond its calo ries.”The food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie is a calorie,” says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. “But this and other research suggests there is something different about su gar,” says Brownell.The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver —outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSF’s Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: “When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where does vo dka come from? Sugar.”But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, “it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it.”There’s also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. “When calories come in liquids, the body doesn’t feel as full,”says Brownell. “People are getting more of their caloriesthan ever before from sugared drinks.”Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being considered in at least 20 U.S. cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1-cent-per-punce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eat — and drink — unhealthily will find ways to do it. Teens — no surprise —are good at finding ways to get the things they can’t have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven’t had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day —that’s nearly 15% of his daily calories —in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, forapple as an after-school treat today. We don’t do that regularly —it’s the first time this school year, actually —and that’s what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where we’d think apples —not a cupcake —are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the report’s authors and director of UCSF’s Philip R.Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: “We recognize that there are cult ural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated.”For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazardsof sugar and agree that something’s got to change: Many of the interventions (干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machines(自动售货机) and snack-bars sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces.“We’re not talking prohibition,” Schmidt said. “We’re not advocating a major imposition of the government into people’s lives. We’re talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated does. What we want is to actually increase people’s choices by making foods that aren’t loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.”注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月大学英语四级试卷及答案解析汇总

【作文一】1. 你的基本情况your basic information12.你申请贷款的原因、数额及用途you reason for the loan, the amount and purpose3. 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算【作文：图表】图表作文Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningWhen it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an “incredible” new electronic gadget (小器具)in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways-as a technologist, as a corporate (公司的)leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer-and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics (美学), and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea-the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer(平板电脑)-and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy (嬉皮士), permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory (轨迹)of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gates’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the absolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s tastes and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation (创新)has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.As our special report in t his issue (printed before Mr Jobs’s death) explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’ systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores” to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now bei ng snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak (怪人), and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”The gap between Apple and other tech firms is now likely to narrow. This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr Jobs, Mr Bezos also flattered (抬举)him. With Mr Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.Mr Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “reality distortion (扭曲)field”, such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题

2012年12月大学英语四级真题Section A11. A) He needs another week for the painting. B) The painting was completed just in time.C) The building won’t open until next week.D) His artistic work has been well received.12. A) Go camping. B) Decorate his house.C) Rent a tent. D) Organize a party.13. A) She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone. B) She is about to call Mr. Wright’s secretary.C) She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time. D) She failed to reach Mr. Wright.14. A) He is actually very hardworking. B) He has difficulty finishing his project.C) He needs to spend more time in the lab. D) He seldom tells the truth about himself.15. A) Rules restricting smoking. B) Ways to quit smoking.C) Smoker s’ health problems.D) Hazards of passive smoking.16. A) He is out of town all morning. B) He is tied up in family matters.C) He has been writing a report. D) He has got meetings to attend.17. A) He is not easy-going. B) He is the speakers’ boss.C) He is not at home this weekend. D) He seldom invites people to his home.18. A) Take a break. B) Refuel his car.C) Ask the way. D) Have a cup of coffee.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.19. A) They are as good as historical films. B) They give youngsters a thrill.C) They have greatly improved. D) They are better than comics on film.20. A) The effects were very good. B) The acting was just so-so.C) The plot was too complicated. D) The characters were lifelike.21. A) They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle. B) They played the same role in War of the Worlds.C) They are popular figures among young people. D) They are two leading characters in the film.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) It is scheduled on Thursday night. B) It is supposed to last nine weeks.C) It takes place once a week. D) It usually starts at six.23. A) To make good use of her spare time in the evening. B) To meet the requirements of her in-service training.C) T o improve her driving skills as quickly as possible. D) To get some basic knowledge about car maintenance.24. A) Participate in group discussions. B) Take turns to make presentations.C) Listen to the teacher’s explanation.D) Answer the teacher’s questions.25. A) Most of them are female. B) Some have a part-time job.C) They plan to buy a new car. D) A few of them are old chaps.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on thepassage you have just heard.26. A) She is not good at making friends. B) She is not well off.C) She enjoys company. D) She likes to go to concerts alone.27. A) Their similar social status. B) Their interdependence.C) Their common interest. D) Their identical character.28. A) Invite Pat to a live concert. B) Buy some gifts for Pat’s kids.C) Help take care of Pat’s kids.D) Pay for Pat’s season tickets.29. A) It can develop between people with a big difference in income.B) It can be maintained among people of different age groups.C) It cannot last long without similar family background.D) It cannot be sustained when friends move far apart.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Priority of students’ academic achievements.B) Equal education opportunities to all children.C) Social equality between teachers and students. D) Respect for students’ individuality.31. A) Efficient. B) Complicated.C) Lengthy. D) Democratic.32. A) T o help them acquire hands-on experience. B) To try to cut down its operational expenses.C) T o provide part-time jobs for needy students. D) T o enable them to learn to take responsibility.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) The best way to work through a finger maze. B) Individuals doing better in front of an audience.C) Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology.D) Improvements on the classification of human behavior.34. A) When you feel encouraged by the audience. B) When you try to figure out a confusing game.C) When you already know how to do something. D) When you complete with other people in a group.35. A) Practicing constantly. B) Working by oneself.C) Learning by doing. D) Using proven methods.Section CAmericans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide (36) ______ of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition (营养), so they buy more fresh fruit and (37) _______ than ever before. At the same time, Americans purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas. Statistics show that the way people live (38) ______ the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now (39) ______ people who live alone, single parents and children, and double-income families. These changing lifestyles are (40) ______ for the increasing number of people who must (41) ______ meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to (42) ______. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on average.It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume.The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and (43) ______. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tellsus about the changes in (44) ______and tastes. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American (45) ______. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.参考答案：11-15 BADAA 16-20 DBBCA21-25 DCDCA 26-30 BCDAC31-35 DDBCB36selection 37vegetables38 determines 39 growing number of 40 responsible 41 rush42 spend preparing food 43 keep accurate records 44 attitudes 45 favorite。

2012年12月英语四级考试预测试卷第三套

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）1. Teaching is an occupation known for_______.A) high statusB) low salaryC) good welfareD) great ability2. What's the key factor to Strengthenachievement for a school?A) A good teacher.B) The class size.C) Finance.D) Textbooks.3. Merit pay attempts to pay teachersaccording to_________.A) the length of working yearB) number of titles attainedC) their working performanceD) profit they made for school4. Student test scores have become the keymeasure of teachers' performance due to __A) the lack of well-accepted standardsB) the absence of federal fundingC) strong theoretical supportD) past successful experience5. How does Hillary Clinton think about themerit pay?A) She is planning to cancel the merit payprogram.B) She advocates the merit pay forindividual teachers.C) She agrees the school staff should bepaid based on performance.D) She supports that teachers are paidbased on working experience.6. What has been the result of the meritpay program in Florida and Houston?A) It has improved the quality ofinstruction.B) It has provided more professionaltrainings.C) It has had an positive effect oneducation.D) It has turned out to be a failure.7. Merit-pay movements in the past didn'tsucceed because __A) the schools couldn't decide how muchshould a good teacher be paidB) more and more schools were run bybusiness-minded peopleC) unfairness was created when deciding whoshould get the extra moneyD) the government didn't give enoughsupport to the movement8. The annual tests for students bring anew, ______way to measure the teaching quality.9. Based on the test results in Tennessee,Sanders devised a way to measure howa teacher to student progress.10. Sanders' method was at first created asa management tool for administrators rather than __________“成千上万人疯狂下载。

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2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings in 2010). Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Education PaysNumerous individuals are questioning the worth of higher education with the job market weakening, yet the chart of weekly earnings in 2010 reveals a forceful counterevidence that the income is on average proportional to one's educational background. Those with a doctor's degree earn nearly 3. 5 times as much as those with a less-than-high-school diploma.As an increasing number of graduates find it difficult to get a satisfactory job after years of perseverance in their studies, a hot debate arises on whether education pays. Proponents of higher education insist that education is the ticket to a steadier and better-paying job and the basis of a comfortable life. However, the opponents assume that they will not stake their money on such a risky investment which does not guarantee a promising or beneficial career.However, we should not stop eating for fear of choking. A better education, in most cases, not only mean a better job, a higher salary and a lower unemployment rate, but a paving stone to the integrated development and further improvement of oneself. In a broad sense, it is education that contributes to the development and advancement of the whole nation, which in turn benefits every individual. In conclusion, education is a worthy investment.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.Suffering in silenceDespite a law designed to protect them, many people with disabling conditions are unaware of their rights. Carole Concha-Bell tells of her experiences.Being diagnosed with a disabling condition is always a shock. Learning to live without the guarantee of health is like having to unlearn a previous life. The implications for your working life may seem intimidating.There is the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), of course. But does it really provide the protection in the workplace that parliament intended? Are employers merely paying lip service to the DDA? Or are they even aware of an employer's legal duties and responsibilities?In my experience, it is the latter. I have received little support from employers to whom I have revealed my condition. This has often left me feeling at a disadvantage and wondering why I bothered doing so in the first place.I had been struggling with illness long before I was diagnosed. In practical terms the diagnosis did little to aid me. Of course, it enabled me to understand my body, my limitations and set me on a course to stabilise my symptoms. But it brought a new dilemma. Where I had previously struggled to work while ill, ignorant of why my body was misbehaving, I now had a name for my daily struggle: Lupus (狼疮). This is a chronic (慢性的) auto-immune disorder that can affect virtually any system in the body. It also leaves a huge, dark question hanging over my head when seeking employment: should I tell my employers I have a condition? It is a dilemma that continues to be a root cause of anxiety both for myself and for thousands of other UK employees.The rocky road to my unfortunate enlightenment about work and disability began just after graduation when I'd set my sights on a career in communications and landed my dream job with a respected public relations consultancy (咨询公司) in Bristol. But while I was learning the art of media relations, my body wasn't quite making it in health terms. I often went to work with swollen limbs and fevers. At my first and last performance review, my boss was amazed that, despite my many capabilities, I hadn't quite taken control of my responsibilities. A few months later, my contract wasn't renewed and I plunged further into new depths of ill health.However, I was determined not to be beaten and returned to the interview trail. My next job was in publishing. But despite a shining performance at the interview, I felt like a fraud. How long would it be before I sank into ill health and depression again?The job was to end with a monumental bang when I became so poorly I could no longer function. A few feverish weeks in bed ended in specialist appointment, where I was diagnosed with Lupus and rushed into hospital for fear that it may have attacked my internal organs.The next 12 months were filled with confusion. I had no idea about benefits, felt alienated (被视为另类) by the medical establishment and lived off my savings until I was broke. I realised I needed help from my family and moved to London.As soon as I felt better, I marched into a marketing recruitment consultancy and, within 10 minutes, I had impressed the interviewer enough to be offered a job with the agency. We agreed on a decent salary and I told him I had arthritis (关节炎) and would need to work a four-day week.Things went well at the start but soon the client meetings began to fall on my day off, and I rarely left the office on time. I began to slip both in health and professional terms. The 10-hour days crashed around my head; no amount of make-up could disguise my ill health as I battled against the odds to prove to myself that I could still make it in the business world. I often cried on the bus on the way back from work.Not long before my contract was due to be made permanent, I was called to the boss's office and given the "talk" about how my performance was slipping, how awful I looked. I felt too weakto fight back and agreed to leave. No attempts to offer adjustments to my job, such as being able to work from home, were ever made. I had a case for unfair dismissal under the DDA, but was ignorant of this at the time.An estimated 10 million people in the UK, or 17% of the population, qualify for disability status under the DDA. I have encountered a number of them: the liver-diseased boss; the co-worker with a heart condition; and my asthmatic (哮喘的) trainee-teacher friend. None had disclosed (透露) their conditions to employers, and all were feeling the strain of not doing so.To access your rights under the DDA and to request " reasonable adjustments" to your working conditions or your workplace requires disclosure. I had warned my former employer about my condition but it served little purpose. They were ignorant about their obligations to their disabled staff.However, there are plenty of forward-thinking organisations that have inclusive recruitment policies; are more likely to employ a worker with a disability; and are more aware of their legal duties. The public sector out-performs the private, but not always the voluntary, according to studies for the Disabilities Rights Commission.I decided to give the voluntary sector a go and was surprised to be offered flexible working conditions and other solutions to meet my needs as an employee. But given the choice, I would still prefer a career in the private sector, which for me is more dynamic, has more attractive salaries and offers better prospects than the voluntary or public sectors.Despite the advances of the DDA, there will always be an army of workers who will soldier on, maybe aware of their rights but choosing to remain silent for personal reasons. It is important, though, to recognise the significance of the act, the protection it affords and the obligations that employers have to us as employees and as human beings.2．What is people's immediate response when they are first diagnosed with a disabling condition? A．They report the situation to their employers. B．They come to realise the value of good health. C．They feel nervous about their work prospects. D．They try to seek protection from the DDA. 3．When the author revealed her condition to her employers, they______.A．were quite sympathetic toward her B．did not give her the support she needed C．made adjustments to meet her needs D．were annoyed not to be informed earlier4．When the author was diagnosed with Lupus, she was in a dilemma whether she should______. A．ask for assistance from her fellow workers B．find employment at a different company C．ignore her limitations and struggle to work D．inform her employers of her disability status 5．The author lost her job at the public relations consultancy in Bristol because______.A．her boss had found a much better replacement B．she was in no mood at all to discharge her duties C．her performance was disappointing to her boss D．she failed to show up for her performance review6．Why did the author feel like a fraud when she got her second job?A．She knew she would fall ill any time again. B．She was not as competent as she appeared to be. C．She concealed the fact that she had just been fired. D．She pretended to be very keen on the job. 7．Why did the author move to London?A．To get help from her family. B．To receive better medical care. C．To start a consulting business. D．To seek a more suitable job.8．The author worked hard at the marketing recruitment consultancy in order to______. A．earn the boss's appreciation and clients' recognition B．demonstrate her strong willpower toconquer illness C．provide for herself without protection from the DDA D．prove herself capable of success in the business world9．Although many people qualify for disability status in the UK, they would rather not tell their employers about______.10．The author was offered flexible working conditions in the voluntary sector, but if she had a choice, she would still like to work in______.11．The author stresses that it is important to recognise employers'______to their disabled employees.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.12．A．He needs another week for the painting. B．The painting was completed just in time. C．The building won't open until next week. D．His artistic work has been well received. 13．A．Go camping. B．Decorate his house. C．Rent a tent. D．Organize a party. 14．A．She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone. B．She is about to call Mr. Wright's secretary. C．She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time. D．She failed to reach Mr. Wright.15．A．He is actually very hardworking. B．He has difficulty finishing his project. C．He needs to spend more time in the lab. D．He seldom tells the truth about himself.16. A．Rules restricting smoking. B．Ways to quit smoking. C．Smokers'health problems. D．Hazards of passive smoking.17．A．He is out of town all morning. B．He is tied up in family matters. C．He has been writing a report. D．He has got meetings to attend.18．A．He is not easy-going. B．He is the speakers' boss. C．He is not at home this weekend. D．He seldom invites people to his home.19．A．Take a break. B．Refuel his car. C．Ask the way. D．Have a cup of coffee.19. What does the man say about science fiction films?20. What opinion do the speakers share about the film they have just seen?21. What do we learn about Jason and Cargon?20．A．They are as good as historical films. B．They give youngsters a thrill. C．They have greatly improved. D．They are better than comics on film.21．A．The effects were very good. B．The acting was just so-so. C．The plot was too complicated. D．The characters were lifelike.22.A．They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle. B．They played the same role in War of the Worlds. C．They are popular figures among young people. D．They are two leading characters in the film.23．A．It is scheduled on Thursday night. B．It is supposed to last nine weeks. C．It takes place once a week. D．It usually starts at six.24．A．To make good use of her spare time in the evening. B．To meet the requirements of her in-service training. C．To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible. D．To get some basic knowledge about car maintenance.25．A．Participate in group discussions. B．Take turns to make presentations. C．Listen to the teacher's explanation. D．Answer the teacher's questions.26．A．Most of them are female. B．Some have a part-time job. C．They plan to buy a new car. D．A few of them are old chaps.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.27．A．Priority of students' academic achievements. B．Equal education opportunities to all children. C．Social equality between teachers and students. D．Respect for students' individuality. 28．A．Efficient. B．Complicated. C．Lengthy. D．Democratic.29．A．To help them acquire hands-on experience. B．To try to cut down its operational expenses. C．To provide part-time jobs for needy students. D．To enable them to learn to take responsibility.30．A．The best way to work through a finger maze. B．Individuals doing better in front of an audience. C．Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology. D．Improvements on the classification of human behavior.31．A．When you feel encouraged by the audience. B．When you try to figure out a confusing game. C．When you already know how to do something. D．When you complete with other people in a group.32．A．Practicing constantly. B．Working by oneself. C．Learning by doing. D．Using proven methods.33．A．She is not good at making friends. B．She is not well off. C．She enjoys company. D．She likes to go to concerts alone.34．A．Their similar social status. B．Their interdependence. C．Their common interest. D．Their identical character.35．A．Invite Pat to a live concert. B．Buy some gifts for Pat's kids. C．Help take care of Pat's kids. D．Pay for Pat's season tickets.36．A．It can develop between people with a big difference in income. B．It can be maintained among people of different age groups. C．It cannot last long without similar family background. D．It cannot be sustained when friends move far apart.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Americans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide【B1】______of food available. They have a broader【B2】______of nutrition (营养), so they buy more fresh fruit and【B3】______than ever before. At the same time, Americans【B4】______increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live【B5】______the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone,【B6】______parents and children, and double-income families. These changing lifestyles are【B7】______for the increasing number of people who must【B8】______meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food.【B9】______. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on average.It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume.【B10】______. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes.【B11】______. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.So many people use the cell phone so frequently every day. But【S1】______little is certain about the health effects of its use. Manufacturers【S2】______that cell phones meet government standards for safe radio-frequency radiation emission, but enough studies are beginning to document a possible【S3】______in rare brain tumors (肿瘤), headaches and behavioral disorders in children to cause concern. So far, the evidence isn't【S4】______on whether the use of cell phones【S5】______to any increased risk of cancer. In a new trial, researchers asked 47 volunteers to【S6】______in a project to measure glucose (葡萄糖) consumption in the brain by scanning the brain to see how cells use energy. For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cell phone【S7】______to each ear. During the first scan, the devices were turned off, but for the second scan, the phone on the right ear was【S8】______on and received a recorded-message call, although the volume was muted (消音) so the noise wouldn't bias the results. The results of the second scan showed that the【S9】______of the brain nearest to the device had higher rates of glucose consumption than the rest of the brain. The study shows that cell phones can change brain activity, and【S10】______a whole new avenue for scientific inquiry, though it doesn't say anything about whether cell-phone radiation can cause cancer.A) conclusive I) missionB) contributes J) participateC) derive K) particularD) expresses L) providesE) fixed M) regionsF) immensely N) surprisinglyG) increase O) switchedH) maintain48．【S1】49．【S2】50．【S3】51．【S4】52．【S5】53．【S6】54．【S7】55．【S8】56．【S9】57．【S10】Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.It's no secret that some of the resolutions that many of us vowed to pursue in the new year—eat healthy, lose weight, quit smoking, save more money—have already fallen by the wayside.Many of them are likely the same resolutions that we abandoned last January. And it's a good thing for those who sell health club memberships, quit-smoking programs and other products that help us think we can improve our lives.Many gyms see new memberships double in January, making up for the third of their members who do not renew each year.And many who sign up in January will be no-shows by February." If I try one quick fix and it doesn't work, I may be more likely to try the next quick fix,". Lisa Lahey, who coaches executives how to sustain behavior change, told The Times.The Biggest Loser Resort at Fitness Ridge doesn't offer any quick fixes, just a 12-hour schedule full of exercise, a 1,200-calories-a-day diet and a fee of $2,000 a week. The resort teaches its clients that " weight management" is a combination of fitness, diet and emotional health." Given my recent weight gain, and the fact that I was turning 50," Jennifer Conlin wrote in The Times, "I wanted to start a program that would make 2012 the year I finally got in shape. ""For years, the advice to the overweight people has been that we simply need to eat less and exercise more," Tara Parker-Pope wrote. " While there is truth to this guidance, it fails to take into account that the human body continues to fight against weight loss long after dieting has stopped. This translates into a sobering (令人清醒的) reality: once we become fat, most of us, despite our best efforts, will probably stay fat. "Of course this revelation (揭示) , if proven true by further study, is not good news for the weight-loss industry. But chances are it won't have much impact on the human tendency to resolve to get to the gym more and avoid chocolate cake when the clock strikes midnight on December 31. 58．What do we learn from the first paragraph about new year resolutions?A．They are hard to sustain. B．They test one's strength. C．They help shed bad habits. D．They promise a good year.59．Who do new year resolutions eventually benefit?A．Society in general. B．Business executives. C．Health club members. D．Health industries. 60．What is special about the Biggest Loser Resort's weight management program?A．It gives top priority to emotional health. B．It does not resort to any quick fixes. C．It focuses on one's behavior change. D．It is not cheap but extremely effective.61．What happens when people stop dieting?A．They regain their appetite. B．They usually stay in shape. C．Their weight bounces back. D．Their health is likely to fail.62．What do people tend to do about new year resolutions?A．They keep making them year after year. B．They abandon them once progress is made. C．They keep trying until they finally succeed. D．They make them for the sake of making them.When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover (人员流动) rates at Los Angeles charter schools, I wasn't surprised.That's not a slam at local charter schools. It's just that the study echoed something I'd observed many times, starting with my niece.Bright and cheerful, my niece longed to teach high-needs children. She started out in the San Francisco public schools, where she was assigned to the district's toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room—and at her. Parents refused to show up for conferences.She wasn't willing to deal with this level of indifference and teacher abuse, so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed. Her students' test scores were as high as those in a nearby wealthy school district, despite the obstacles these children faced.Yet by her fourth year, my niece was worn out, depleted (耗尽) of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who pleaded to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. The principal's offer of a $ 10,000 raise couldn't stop her from giving notice. She went to work at that wealthy school district next door—for less money.Over the years, I've met many impassioned (充满激情的) teachers at charter schools, only to call them the next year and find they've left. The authors of the Berkeley study theorize that the teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands: long hours, intense involvement in students' complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores. Even the strongest supporters of the reform movement concede that the task of raising achievement among disadvantaged students is hard work.It's unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers—more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility—even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. We need a more useful answer to the Berkeley study than " Yeah, it's really hard work. "63．Why wasn't the author surprised at the high teacher turnover rates at Los Angeles charter schools?A．She had participated in the Berkeley study. B．She had noticed the phenomenon repeatedly. C．She had been involved in the local school reform. D．She had been informed of the problem by her niece.64．What do we learn about the students in the public school the author's niece taught? A．They were undisciplined. B．They were tough and strong. C．Many of them enjoyed less parental care. D．Many of them dropped out of school halfway.65．What does the author say about her niece's work in the charter elementary school?A．It won high praise from her school and colleagues. B．It was cited by the Berkeley study as an example. C．It contributed to the success of the school reform. D．It was well received by the disadvantaged children.66．Why were the teacher turnover rates so high according to the Berkeley study?A．The students were indifferent to learning. B．Teachers' salary was not high enough. C．Teachers' work was too demanding. D．Jobs elsewhere were more meaningful.67．What is the author's comment on the current school reform movement?A．It will give rise to more problems. B．It is not likely to be successful. C．It will have a positive impact on education. D．It demands the local authorities' support.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Like many of the protesters at Occupy Wall Street in New York, Amanda V odola is young, underemployed and loaded with student debt. She spends her days running around, helping【C1】______the movement, and her evenings waiting tables at a restaurant in Brooklyn. Last spring, she graduated from Fordham University【C2】______a degree in English. "I grew up with this narrative that to get a good job I need to go to school," she says. But the job she has " is not enough to pay the bills. " And the bills she's【C3】______most about are the ones tied to that narrative: the $ 30,000 she【C4】______in college loans.In November, when their six-month grace period runs【C5】______, V odola and millions of other students who graduated in May have to start【C6】______their loans. Repayment requirements for private loans kick in regardless of whether【C7】______have found jobs. Since employment rates for recent college graduates have【C8】______in the past two years, as have starting salaries, the【C9】______of a sharp rise in student-loan delinquencies (到期未付) has led some economists to【C10】______that this could be the next financial crisis, rippling (波及) into the wider economy. Total US student-loan debt, which exceeded credit-card debt【C11】______the first time last year, is on track to【C12】______$ 1, 000 billion this year. That's a nearly 8%【C13】______over last year.But neither these【C14】______nor the voices of students,【C15】______by debt, at protests in cities and on campuses【C16】______the nation are likely to keep the families of high school seniors【C17】______seeing a brand-name education as a【C18】______to a better life. They've long been told that higher education is an【C19】______in the future—even as the costs of college has【C20】______538% over the past 30 years.68．【C1】A．organize B．establish C．integrate D．assemble69．【C2】A．under B．on C．over D．with70．【C3】A．puzzled B．interrupted C．worried D．distracted71．【C4】A．collects B．owes C．costs D．accounts72．【C5】A．down B．up C．off D．out73．【C6】A．raising B．repaying C．rearranging D．rating74．【C7】A．lenders B．owners C．borrowers D．holders75．【C8】。