Development of design tools for ground-source heat pump piping
现代建筑的英文作文
现代建筑的英文作文Title: The Evolution of Modern Architecture。
Introduction:Modern architecture is a testament to human creativity and ingenuity, reflecting the evolving needs, technologies, and aspirations of society. From towering skyscrapers to innovative sustainable designs, modern architecture encompasses a wide array of styles and approaches thatshape our urban landscapes and define our built environment. Historical Background:The roots of modern architecture can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked by a departure from the ornate styles of the past, such asGothic and Baroque, towards a more functional andminimalist aesthetic. Architects like Frank Lloyd Wright,Le Corbusier, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe pioneered newdesign principles that emphasized simplicity, functionality, and the use of modern materials such as steel and glass.Key Characteristics:One of the defining characteristics of modern architecture is its emphasis on clean lines, geometric forms, and open spaces. Buildings are often characterizedby their simplicity and lack of ornamentation, with an emphasis on functionality and efficiency. This can be seenin iconic structures such as the Seagram Building in New York City, designed by Mies van der Rohe, which features a sleek glass and steel façade devoid of any unnecessary embellishments.Another important aspect of modern architecture is its focus on innovation and experimentation. Architects are constantly pushing the boundaries of design, exploring new materials, construction techniques, and sustainable practices. This has led to the development of groundbreaking structures such as the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the tallest building in the world, which showcases thelatest advancements in engineering and technology.Sustainability:In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainability in modern architecture, driven by concerns about climate change and resource depletion. Architects are increasingly incorporating eco-friendly design principles into their projects, such as passive solar heating, green roofs, and recycled materials. This can be seen inbuildings like the One Central Park in Sydney, which features vertical gardens that help reduce energy consumption and improve air quality.Cultural Influence:Modern architecture is also influenced by cultural factors, reflecting the values, traditions, and aspirations of different societies around the world. In cities like Tokyo and Shanghai, futuristic skyscrapers dominate the skyline, symbolizing economic prosperity and technological advancement. Meanwhile, in cities like Barcelona andCopenhagen, contemporary designs blend seamlessly with historic architecture, creating a sense of continuity and identity.Challenges and Future Trends:Despite its many achievements, modern architecture also faces challenges and criticisms. Some argue that it prioritizes aesthetics over functionality, leading to buildings that lack human scale and fail to integrate with their surroundings. Others raise concerns about the social and environmental impact of large-scale development projects, which can contribute to urban sprawl and exacerbate inequality.Looking to the future, modern architecture is likely to continue evolving in response to changing needs and technologies. Advances in digital design tools, robotics, and 3D printing are opening up new possibilities for architects to create innovative and sustainable structures. At the same time, there is a growing recognition of the importance of community engagement and inclusive designprinciples, ensuring that architecture serves the needs of all people, regardless of background or ability.Conclusion:In conclusion, modern architecture is a dynamic and multifaceted field that reflects the complexities of the modern world. From its origins in the early 20th century to the present day, it has continually evolved in response to cultural, technological, and environmental changes. While facing challenges and criticisms, modern architecture remains a powerful expression of human creativity and a testament to our ongoing quest to shape the world around us.。
专业夹具设计全英文介绍
high precision, high efficiency, and high reliability are required to meet the high standards of automotive manufacturing.
01
Introduction to Fixture Design
Fixture
A device or system used to hold an object or a group of objects in a fixed position or orientation
Function
To provide stability, support, and positioning accuracy for manufacturing processes, such as machining, assembly, inspection, and testing
Ease of Assembly
Improve the ease of assembly and disassembly for fast production and lower maintenance costs
03
Professional fixture design application
Durability
The fixture must be durable and able to stand the rigors of the manufacturing environment
manufacturing process
Identify the specific needs and requirements of the manufacturing process, including the type of workpiece, the manufacturing operations required, and the tolerance required for the final product
关于发展数字技能的作文英语
关于发展数字技能的作文英语Title: Embracing the Future: The Importance of Developing Digital SkillsIn the fast-paced digital era, the ability to navigate and harness the power of technology has become a vital skill set for individuals seeking to thrive in today's world. The development of digital skills is not merely an option but a necessity, as it opens doors to endless opportunities, enhances productivity, and fosters innovation. This essay delves into the significance of cultivating digital skills and explores how they shape our lives, economies, and societies.The Foundation of the Digital AgeAt the heart of the digital revolution lies the ubiquitous presence of technology. From smartphones and laptops to cloud computing and artificial intelligence, technology has permeated every aspect of our lives. To fully leverage these advancements, individuals must possess a solid foundation in digital skills. These skills encompass a wide range of abilities, from basic computer literacy to advanced programming, data analytics, and digital communication. Economic ImperativeIn the global economy, digital skills are a driving force behind economic growth and job creation. As industries undergo digital transformation, the demand for skilled workers who can operate in this new landscape is skyrocketing. From e-commerce to fintech, from healthcare to education, digital proficiency is now a prerequisite for many job roles. By investing in their digital skills, individuals increase their employability, earning potential, and career mobility.Innovation and CreativityBeyond economic benefits, digital skills foster a culture of innovation and creativity. They empower individuals to think outside the box, experiment with new ideas, and collaborate seamlessly across geographical boundaries. Tools like design software, coding platforms, and online collaboration suites provide a fertile ground for brainstorming, prototyping, and testing new concepts. This, in turn, leads to the development of groundbreaking products, services, and solutions that address pressing global challenges.Lifelong Learning and AdaptabilityThe digital landscape is constantly evolving, necessitating a commitment to lifelong learning. Developing digital skills involvesstaying up-to-date with the latest technologies, trends, and best practices. This requires a mindset of adaptability and curiosity, enabling individuals to navigate change with confidence and grace. By continuously honing their digital skills, people can stay ahead of the curve, seize emerging opportunities, and contribute meaningfully to society.Bridging the Digital DivideLastly, the development of digital skills is crucial in bridging the digital divide—the gap between those who have access to and can use digital technology effectively and those who cannot. This divide perpetuates inequality and hampers social progress. By promoting digital literacy and providing access to digital education, we can empower marginalized communities, foster inclusivity, and create a more equitable society.ConclusionIn conclusion, the development of digital skills is a cornerstone of personal and societal progress in the digital age. It empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of modern life, drives economic growth and job creation, fosters innovation and creativity, promotes lifelong learning and adaptability, and helps bridge the digital divide. As we embrace the future, let us prioritizethe cultivation of digital skills, recognizing their indispensable role in shaping a brighter, more connected world.。
软件工程英文参考文献(优秀范文105个)
软件工程英文参考文献(优秀范文105个)软件工程英文参考文献一：[1]Carine Khalil,Sabine Khalil. Exploring knowledge management in agile software developmentorganizations[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2020,16(4).[2]Kevin A. Gary,Ruben Acuna,Alexandra Mehlhase,Robert Heinrichs,Sohum Sohoni. SCALING TO MEET THE ONLINE DEMAND IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING[J]. International Journal on Innovations in Online Education,2020,4(1).[3]Hosseini Hadi,Zirakjou Abbas,GoodarziVahabodin,Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad,Khonakdar Hossein Ali,Zamanlui Soheila. Lightweight aerogels based on bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticles/polyaniline with tuning morphology of polyaniline and application in soft tissue engineering.[J]. International journal of biological macromolecules,2020,152.[4]Dylan G. Kelly,Patrick Seeling. Introducing underrepresented high school students to software engineering: Using the micro:bit microcontroller to program connected autonomous cars[J]. 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Toosi University of Technology Update Understanding of Mechanical Engineering (Coupled Directional Dilation-Damage Approach to Model the Cyclic-Undrained Response of Soft Clay under Pure Principal Stress Axes Rotation)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[23]. Soft Computing; Researchers from Abes Engineering College Report Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Soft Computing (An intelligent personalized web blog searching technique using fuzzy-based feedback recurrent neural network)[J]. Network Weekly News,2020.[24]. Engineering; Studies from University of Alexandria in the Area of Engineering Reported (Software Defined Network-Based Management for Enhanced 5G Network Services)[J]. Network Weekly News,2020.[25]. Soft Computing; Data on Soft Computing Discussed by Researchers at Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering [A metaheuristicoptimization model for spectral allocation incognitive networks based on ant colony algorithm (M-ACO)][J]. 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Gelatin improves peroxidase-mediated alginate hydrogel characteristics as a potential injectable hydrogel for soft tissueengineering applications.[J]. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials,2020.[30]Jung-Chieh Lee,Chung-Yang Chen. Exploring the team dynamic learning process in software process tailoring performance[J]. Journal of Enterprise Information Management,2020,33(3).[31]. Soft Computing; Study Results from Velammal Engineering College in the Area of Soft Computing Reported (Efficient routing in UASN during the thermohaline environment condition to improve the propagation delay and throughput)[J]. Mathematics Week,2020.[32]. Soft Matter; Findings from School of Materials Science and Engineering Provide New Insights into Soft Matter (A practical guide to active colloids: choosing synthetic model systems for soft matter physics research)[J]. Physics Week,2020.[33]Julio César Puche-Regaliza,Alfredo Jiménez,Pablo Arranz-Val. Diagnosis of Software Projects Based on the Viable System Model[J]. Systemic Practice and Action Research,2020,33(1).[34]Meinert Edward,Milne-Ives Madison,Surodina Svitlana,Lam Ching. Agile requirements engineering and software planning for a digital health platform to engage the effects of isolation caused by social distancing: A case study and feasibility study protocol.[J]. JMIR public health and surveillance,2020.[35]. Engineering - Civil Engineering; Studies Conducted at Shandong Jianzhu University on Civil Engineering Recently Published (Seismic Response Analysis and Control of Frame Structures with Soft First Storey under Near-Fault Ground Motions)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.软件工程英文参考文献二：[36]Chao-ze Lu,Guo-sun Zeng,Ying-jie Xie. Bigraph specification of software architecture and evolution analysis in mobile puting environment[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems,2020,108.[37]Ompal Singh, Saurabh Panwar, P. K. Kapur.. Determining Software Time-to-Market and Testing Stop Time when Release Time is a Change-Point[J]. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences,2020,5(2).[38]Ayushi Verma,Neetu Sardana,Sangeeta Lal. Developer Remendation for Stack Exchange Software EngineeringQ&A Website based on K-Means clustering and Developer Social Network Metric[J]. Procedia ComputerScience,2020,167.[39]Jagdeep Singh,Sachin Bagga,Ranjodh Kaur. Software-based Prediction of Liver Disease with Feature Selection and Classification Techniques[J]. Procedia Computer Science,2020,167.[40]. Engineering - Software Engineering; Studies from Concordia University Update Current Data on SoftwareEngineering (On the impact of using trivial packages: an empirical case study on npm and PyPI)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[41]. Engineering - Software Engineering; Study Findings from University of Alberta Broaden Understanding of Software Engineering (Building the perfect game - an empirical study of game modifications)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[42]. Engineering - Software Engineering; Investigators at National Research Council (CNR) Detail Findings in Software Engineering [A Framework for Quantitative Modeling and Analysis of Highly (Re)Configurable Systems][J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[43]. Engineering - Knowledge Engineering; Data from University of Paris Saclay Provide New Insights into Knowledge Engineering (Dynamic monitoring of software use with recurrent neural networks)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[44]. Engineering - Circuits Research; Findings from Federal University Santa Maria Yields New Data on Circuits Research (A New Cpfsk Demodulation Approach for Software Defined Radio)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[45]. Soft Computing; Investigators from Lovely Professional University Release New Data on Soft Computing (An intensify Harris Hawks optimizer fornumerical and engineering optimization problems)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[46]. GlobalLogic Inc.; GlobalLogic Acquires Meelogic Consulting AG, a European Healthcare and Automotive-Focused Software Engineering Services Firm[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[47]. Engineering - Circuits and Systems Research; Data on Circuits and Systems Research Described by Researchers at Northeastern University (Softcharge: Software Defined Multi-device Wireless Charging Over Large Surfaces)[J]. Telemunications Weekly,2020.[48]. Soft Computing; Researchers from Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering Report on Findings in Soft Computing (Dynamic Histogram Equalization for contrast enhancement for digital images)[J]. Technology News Focus,2020.[49]Mohamed Ellithey Barghoth,Akram Salah,Manal A. Ismail. A Comprehensive Software Project Management Framework[J]. Journal of Computer and Communications,2020,08(03).[50]. Soft Computing; Researchers from Air Force Engineering University Describe Findings in Soft Computing (Random orthocenter strategy in interior search algorithm and its engineering application)[J]. Journal of Mathematics,2020.[51]. Soft Computing; Study Findings on Soft Computing Are Outlined in Reports from Department of MechanicalEngineering (Constrained design optimization of selected mechanical system ponents using Rao algorithms)[J]. Mathematics Week,2020.[52]Iqbal Javed,Ahmad Rodina B,Khan Muzafar,Fazal-E-Amin,Alyahya Sultan,Nizam Nasir Mohd Hairul,Akhunzada Adnan,Shoaib Muhammad. Requirements engineering issues causing software development outsourcing failure.[J]. PloS one,2020,15(4).[53]Raymond C.Z. Cohen,Simon M. Harrison,Paul W. Cleary. Dive Mechanic: Bringing 3D virtual experimentation using biomechanical modelling to elite level diving with the Workspace workflow engine[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2020,175.[54]Emelie Engstr?m,Margaret-Anne Storey,Per Runeson,Martin H?st,Maria Teresa Baldassarre. How software engineering research aligns with design science: a review[J]. Empirical SoftwareEngineering,2020(prepublish).[55]Christian Lettner,Michael Moser,Josef Pichler. An integrated approach for power transformer modeling and manufacturing[J]. Procedia Manufacturing,2020,42.[56]. Engineering - Mechanical Engineering; New Findings from Leibniz University Hannover Update Understanding of Mechanical Engineering (A finite element for soft tissue deformation based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[57]. Science - Social Science; Studies fromUniversity of Burgos Yield New Information about Social Science (Diagnosis of Software Projects Based on the Viable System Model)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[58]. Technology - Powder Technology; Investigators at Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH Discuss Findings in Powder Technology [Extended Validation and Verification of Xps/avl-fire (Tm), a Computational Cfd-dem Software Platform][J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[59]Guadalupe-Isaura Trujillo-Tzanahua,Ulises Juárez-Martínez,Alberto-Alfonso Aguilar-Lasserre,María-Karen Cortés-Verdín,Catherine Azzaro-Pantel.Multiple software product lines to configure applications of internet of things[J]. IETSoftware,2020,14(2).[60]Eduardo Juárez,Rocio Aldeco-Pérez,Jose.Manuel Velázquez. Academic approach to transform organisations: one engineer at a time[J]. IET Software,2020,14(2).[61]Dennys García-López,Marco Segura-Morales,Edson Loza-Aguirre. Improving the quality and quantity of functional and non-functional requirements obtained during requirements elicitation stage for the development of e-merce mobile applications: an alternative reference process model[J]. IETSoftware,2020,14(2).[62]. Guest Editorial: Software Engineering Applications to Solve Organisations Issues[J]. IET Software,2020,14(2).[63]?,?. Engine ControlUnit ? ? ?[J]. ,2020,47(4).[64]. Engineering - Software Engineering; Study Data from Nanjing University Update Understanding of Software Engineering (Identifying Failure-causing Schemas In the Presence of Multiple Faults)[J]. Mathematics Week,2020.[65]. Energy - Renewable Energy; Researchers from Institute of Electrical Engineering Detail New Studies and Findings in the Area of Renewable Energy (A Local Control Strategy for Distributed Energy Fluctuation Suppression Based on Soft Open Point)[J]. Journal of Mathematics,2020.[66]Ahmed Zeraoui,Mahfoud Benzerzour,WalidMaherzi,Raid Mansi,Nor-Edine Abriak. New software for the optimization of the formulation and the treatment of dredged sediments for utilization in civil engineering[J]. Journal of Soils andSediments,2020(prepublish).[67]. Engineering - Concurrent Engineering; Reports from Delhi Technological University Add New Data to Findings in Concurrent Engineering (Systematic literature review of sentiment analysis on Twitter using soft puting techniques)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[68]. Engineering; New Findings from Future University in Egypt in the Area of Engineering Reported (Decision support system for optimum soft clay improvement technique for highway construction projects)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[69]Erica Mour?o,Jo?o Felipe Pimentel,LeonardoMurta,Marcos Kalinowski,Emilia Mendes,Claes Wohlin. On the performance of hybrid search strategies for systematic literature reviews in softwareengineering[J]. Information and SoftwareTechnology,2020,123.[70]. Soft Computing; Researchers from Anna University Discuss Findings in Soft Computing (A novel fuzzy mechanism for risk assessment in software projects)[J]. News of Science,2020.软件工程英文参考文献三：[71]. Software and Systems Research; New Software and Systems Research Study Results from ChalmersUniversity of Technology Described (Why and How To Balance Alignment and Diversity of Requirements Engineering Practices In Automotive)[J]. Journal of Transportation,2020.[72]Anupama Kaushik,Devendra Kr. Tayal,Kalpana Yadav.A Comparative Analysis on Effort Estimation for Agile and Non-agile Software Projects Using DBN-ALO[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2020,45(6).[73]Subhrata Das,Adarsh Anand,Mohini Agarwal,Mangey Ram. Release Time Problem Incorporating the Effect of Imperfect Debugging and Fault Generation: An Analysis for Multi-Upgraded Software System[J]. International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering,2020,27(02).[74]Saerom Lee,Hyunmi Baek,Sehwan Oh. The role of openness in open collaboration: A focus onopen‐source software development projects[J]. ETRI Journal,2020,42(2).[75]. Soft Computing; Study Results from Computer Science and Engineering Broaden Understanding of Soft Computing (Efficient attribute selection technique for leukaemia prediction using microarray gene data)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[76]. Engineering - Computational Engineering; Findings from University of Cincinnati in the Area of Computational Engineering Described (Exploratory Metamorphic Testing for Scientific Software)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[77]. Organizational and End User Computing; Data from Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology Advance Knowledge in Organizational and End User Computing (A Contingent Approach to Facilitating Conflict Resolution in Software Development Outsourcing Projects)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[78]. 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Software Development Effort Estimation from Unstructured Software Project Description by Sequence Models[J]. IEICE Transactions on Information andSystems,2020,E103.D(4).[92]Reza Mohammadi,Reza Javidan,NegarRikhtegar,Manijeh Keshtgari. An intelligent multicast traffic engineering method over software defined networks[J]. Journal of High Speed Networks,2020,26(1).[93]. Engineering - Civil Engineering; HohaiUniversity Researchers Detail New Studies and Findings in the Area of Civil Engineering (An Experimental Study on Settlement due to the Mutual Embedding of Miscellaneous Fill and Soft Soil)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[94]. Engineering - Biomechanical Engineering; Researchers from Washington University St. LouisDetail New Studies and Findings in the Area of Biomechanical Engineering (Estimation of Anisotropic Material Properties of Soft Tissue By Mri ofUltrasound-induced Shear Waves)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[95]. Engineering - Rock Engineering; Reports from University of Alicante Add New Data to Findings in Rock Engineering (Evaluation of Strength and Deformability of Soft Sedimentary Rocks In Dry and Saturated Conditions Through Needle Penetration and Point Load Tests: a Comparative ...)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[96]. Computers; Study Findings from Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering Broaden Understanding of Computers [Improved energy efficient design in software defined wireless electroencephalography sensor networks (WESN) using distributed ...][J]. Network Weekly News,2020.[97]Mouro Erica,Pimentel Joo Felipe,MurtaLeonardo,Kalinowski Marcos,Mendes Emilia,Wohlin Claes. On the Performance of Hybrid Search Strategies for Systematic Literature Reviews in SoftwareEngineering[J]. Information and SoftwareTechnology,2020(prepublish).[98]Osuna Enrique,Rodrguez Luis-Felipe,Gutierrez-Garcia J. Octavio,Castro Luis A.. 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新标准大学英语课件新
目录
• Introduction • The Concept and Characteristics of
the New Standards for Curriculum • The Application and Practice of New
04
The Impact and Outlook of the New Standards for Curriculum
The impact on the educaansformation
The new standards for courseware will drive the education industry to transform and innovate, moving rewards digitization, personalization, and interaction
Student feedback and effectiveness evaluation
Easy data collection
Course ware platforms of provided tools for teachers to track student progress and collect data on their performance
Integration with other tools
Courses can be integrated with other classroom tools like projectors or interactive whiteboards for a more comprehensive learning experience
机械专业外语_习题集(含答案)
《机械专业外语》课程习题集一、短文翻译(英译汉)1. The solution to most design problems does arise from a set of equations, instead it is a compromise to satisfy a number of design requirements and practical limitations such as available tooling and servicing ease. Designs are often revised to introduce new features, but as much as possible of the old design is retained for economic reasons. Producing a revised design is usually not as difficult as producing a new design because the history of the original is available for evaluation.2. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is feed rod that drives the carriage. The lead screw goes through a pair of half nuts, which are fixed to the rear of the apron. When actuating a certain lever, the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut, which is feed , together with the carriage along the bed.3.Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground. -e.g. cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.4. The dielectric serves to concentrate the discharge energy into a channel of very small crosssectional area. It also cools the two electrodes, and flushes away the products of machining from the gap. The electrical resistance of the dielectric influences the discharge spark energy and time of spark initiation .if the resistance is low , an early discharge spark occurs. If it is large the capacitor will attain a higher value charge before the discharge spark occurs.5. As we previously saw, CNC,DNC and computer-assisted part programming are different kinds of preplanned computerized control of machine tools. In all cases, the tool path has to be established beforehand through a program, the person who prepares the programs employs his or her experience in order to bring the processing time to minimum and not to cause any damage or distortion to the workpiece. This is, in many cases, a difficult problem that involves many factors, alternatives, and constraints. Obviously, this is exactly where an expert system is needed.6. Equipment productively is improved because of the better utilization of machines whenCIM is implemented. We can see that factors like program ability of equipment and computerized monitoring and control of the whole manufacturing facility would largely improve the efficiency of machine utilization. Higher labor and equipment productivity would certainly result in lower product cost.7. Where loads are due to contact, a pair of equal and opposite forces occur. One force acts as an external load on one contacting member. This action-reaction force pairing is one of the basic natural laws put to practical use by engineers. Tracing these power transmission forces through connected machine linkages is an extremely useful visualization aid for identifying machine component loads.8. Element design is concerned with the proper sizing of machine elements to perform a given function at some stated life criterion. Mechanical designers must also be familiar with properties of materials and machining processes to achieve optimal design. In addition, designers must always contend with the question of cost. The watchword should be simplicity, since a simple device is usually the least expensive.9. The tailstock assembly consists basically of three parts, its lower base, an intermediate part, and the quill. The lower base is a casting that can slide on the lathe bed along the guideways, and it has a clamping device to enable locking the entire tailstock at any desired location, depending upon the length of the workpiece. The intermediate part is a casting that can be moved transversely to enable alignment of the axis of the tailstock with that of the headstock.10. Internal grinding is employed for grinding relatively short holed. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction. Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that cannot be held in chucks. In the case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the centerline of the hole that is being ground.11. The intelligent robot has always been the dream of manufacturing engineers, in order to make the automated factory of the future attainable. It is artificial intelligence that will make that dream come true. By definition, an intelligent robot is one that is able to think, sense, and effect, so that it can cope with a changing environment and learn from experience. Since thinking is a brain function, it is obvious that it would fall within the domain of artificial intelligence if it is to be performed by a computer. An integration between sensing, reasoning, and effecting would unify artificial intelligence and robots, with the final outcome an intelligent robot.12. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the range of media used to convey information. Initially, communication was limited to simple forms of media such as voice and paper. This century, however, has witnessed the introduction of a greater variety of media types such as the telephone and visual forms of media. In the latter part of the century,this trend has accelerated and there is now a wide range of media types available to convey information.13. It is well known that a hot plate of metal will cool faster when placed in front of a fan than when exposed to still air. We say that the heat is convected away and we call the process convection heat transfer. Convection is a much simpler physical process than conduction since it merely consists of the actual motion of a volume of hot fluid from one place to another.14.Around the turn of the twentieth century the steam turbine came into use. Steam turbines are very efficient. They can utilize almost 40 percent of the energy supplied to them. They are three times as efficient as reciprocating engines. Steam turbines power many of the world's ships and the majority of the world's electricity generating stations.15. Most small i.C.engines in common use has four cylinders, which fire in a definite and regular sequence. A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft to keep it running smoothly. It is essential for the inlet and exhaust valves to open and close at exactly the appropriate moment in relation to the position of the piston. Therefore they are actuated by a cam-shaft running in phase with the crankshaft.16. The alternative to forming method is machining. In machining, a sharpened tool of suitable shape removes material in the form of chips until the desired shape is produced. The use of computer and punched-tape control of machine tools makes it possible forthe machining tool to follow any complex three-dimensional path.17. Perhaps because more high-strength, hard, tough, and exotic materials are used, there isa tendency to use chipless machining despite the progress just noted. There is a trend to reduce the amount of metal that needs to be removed. Often chipless machining is more expensive, but the reduced loss of material results in a saving. The increased use of metal forming, forging, rolling, die-casting and other processes illustrates this trend.18.For the semi-mechanized forging of small to medium-sized components, forging hammers powered by various means are employed. The feature common to all of them is that, like the hand forging hammer, they utilize the energy of a falling weight to develop the pressure needed for shaping the metal. Larger components are forged by means of forging presses operated by steam or compressed air or by hydraulic or electric power. Largely automatic forging machines are used for the quantity production of engineering parts.19. As we know, these are the main tasks of an engineer: to explore new ways, invent new solutions to problems, and design new devices. In the research stage of a project, the engineer usually has found a new way of doing a job and is analyzing it (using mathematics and computers) to see how feasible the idea is and how well it will work. The development stage then follows. Here the idea is carried out in the laboratory. The processes vary among different projects, but the basic point is the same: Turn the idea into a working reality.20.The fact that steel can possess a wide range of useful mechanical properties is of extreme economic importance. This is clearly illustrated in the railroad industry, forex-ample. To move a train from one place to another, we use a locomotive which has the ability to pull a given total load. This load is composed of the weight of the cars and the weight of the freight being transported. If a freight car is made of high strength steel, the structural members can be relatively small and the car will be lighter as well as stronger. This means that the amount of freight can be increased.21.The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat— for iron, the welding temperature should be about 13000C—in a flame, At this temperature the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces.22. The design of a machine includes many factors other than those of determining the loads and stresses and selecting the proper materials. Before construction or manufacture can begin, it is necessary to have complete assembly and detail drawings to convey all necessary information to the shop men. The designer frequently is called upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the shop. Much experience and familiarity with manufacturing processes are needed before one can become conversant with all phases of production drawings.23. Flat pulleys and belts. This is the oldest and simplest type of pulley and belt. The pulley may be a single pulley, or it may have three or four different diameters. A one-piece pulley having three or four diameters is called a cone pulley. Actually the pulleys are not flat. They are tapered slightly so that the diameter of the pulley is a little larger at its center. We call this a crowned pulley. The pulley is made larger in diameter at the center because a flat belt will always climb to the highest part of a pulley. The crown ensures that the belt will run in the center of the pulley.24.Of course, materials have always been vital to human civilization. Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named. But now, in the twentieth century, materials-not just one, but many-have become a most important factor on which the advance of technology and industry depends. Our progress in space, in electronics, and in atomic energy is directly linked to the solution of crucial materials problems.25.The purpose of the design calculations is of course to attempt to predict the stress or deformation if the part in order that it may safely carry the loads which will be imposed upon it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.二、按要求翻译下列句子（略）……答案1.对大多数设计问题的解决并不是来源于一组公式，而是受制于要满足很多设计要求和实际限制诸如可用的工具或使用的舒适性。
高处作业(英文版)WorkingAtHeightFINAL
Fatigue and Ergonomic Issues
01
Fatigue and ergonomic issues can arise when working at height, as workers may be required to perform strenuous tasks for extended periods of time.
高处作业(英文版 )Working at Height
Final
目录
• Introduction • Types of Work at Height • Risks of Working at Height • Safety Precautions for Working at Height • Case Studies • Conclusion
4 Cost Savings
Ensuring the safety of personnel working at height is crucial to prevent falls and other accidents that can lead to serious injury or even death.
02
Fatigue can lead to decreased productivity, increased出错率, and musculoskeletal injuries.
03
Ergonomic design of tools and equipment can help reduce the physical stress on workers and improve comfort and efficiency.
02
方案工程师英文翻译
方案工程师英文翻译A proposal engineer is responsible for developing technical and commercial proposals for engineering projects. This role requires a combination of technical expertise, project management skills, and an aptitude for sales and marketing.Key Responsibilities:1. Understanding the Customer's Requirements: The proposal engineer should work closely with the sales team to understand the customer's requirements and expectations for the engineering project. This includes technical specifications, budget constraints, and project timelines.2. Technical Solution Development: Based on the customer's requirements, the proposal engineer should develop a technical solution that meets the needs of the customer. This may involve working with a team of engineers and designers to develop detailed engineering drawings, specifications, and process flow diagrams.3. Cost Estimation: The proposal engineer should work with the procurement and finance teams to develop accurate cost estimates for the engineering project. This includes estimating the cost of materials, labor, equipment, and other project expenses.4. Proposal Writing: The proposal engineer is responsible for writing technical and commercial proposals that clearly articulate the technical solution, project scope, cost estimates, and delivery timelines. The proposal should be tailored to the specific needs of the customer and should be persuasive in nature.5. Project Planning: The proposal engineer should work with the project management team to develop a detailed project plan that outlines the project milestones, resource requirements, and project schedule. This may involve coordinating with multiple departments within the organization to ensure that the project plan is comprehensive and achievable.6. Sales Support: The proposal engineer should work closely with the sales team to provide technical support during the sales process. This may involve participating in sales meetings, presenting technical solutions to customers, and addressing technical questions and concerns.Key Skills:1. Technical Expertise: The proposal engineer should have a strong technical background in engineering, including knowledge of mechanical, electrical, or civil engineering principles. Experience with computer-aided design (CAD) software and other engineering tools is essential.2. Project Management Skills: The proposal engineer should have strong project management skills, including the ability to develop and execute project plans, manage project resources, and coordinate with multiple stakeholders.3. Communication Skills: The proposal engineer should have excellent communication skills, including the ability to write clear and persuasive proposals, present technical solutions to customers, and collaborate with internal teams.4. Commercial Acumen: The proposal engineer should have a good understanding of commercial and business principles, including cost estimation, pricing strategies, and the ability to negotiate with customers.5. Teamwork: The proposal engineer should be able to work effectively in a team environment, collaborating with engineers, sales professionals, and project managers to develop comprehensive proposals.Educational Requirements:A bachelor's degree in engineering or a related field is typically required for a proposal engineer position. Some employers may also prefer candidates with a master's degree in engineering or business administration.Conclusion:The role of a proposal engineer is critical in the successful execution of engineering projects. By combining technical expertise with project management skills and sales acumen, the proposal engineer plays a key role in securing new business and delivering successful engineering projects for customers.。
机械专业 的英语
机械专业的英语Title: Mechanical Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview Mechanical engineering is a multidisciplinary field that integrates principles of physics, mathematics, and material science to design, analyze, and manufacture mechanical systems. From the smallest micro-scale devices to large-scale industrial machinery, mechanical engineers play a pivotalrole in shaping the modern world. In this comprehensive overview, we delve into various aspects of mechanical engineering, including its history, fundamental principles, key subfields, applications, and future prospects.**History of Mechanical Engineering:**Mechanical engineering has roots dating back to ancient civilizations, where early humans developed rudimentary tools and machines to aid in tasks such as agriculture and transportation. However, the formalization of mechanicalengineering as a distinct discipline emerged during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. Innovations such as the steam engine, textile machinery, and the development of precision manufacturing techniques propelled the field forward, laying the groundwork for modern mechanical engineering practices.**Fundamental Principles:**At the core of mechanical engineering are fundamental principles derived from physics and mathematics. These principles include mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and materials science. Mechanics deals with the behavior of solid bodies and structures under various loads and conditions, while thermodynamics governs the transfer of energy and heat in mechanical systems. Fluid dynamics focuses on the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases), and materials science explores the properties and behavior of engineering materials such as metals, polymers, and composites.**Key Subfields:**Mechanical engineering encompasses a diverse range of subfields, each specializing in different aspects of mechanical systems. Some key subfields include:1. **Mechatronics:** Combines mechanical engineering with electronics and computer science to design and control advanced systems such as robotics and automated manufacturing equipment.2. **Automotive Engineering:** Focuses on the design, development, and manufacturing of vehicles and their components, including engines, transmissions, and chassis systems.3. **Aerospace Engineering:** Involves the design and development of aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems, including aerodynamics, propulsion, and avionics.4. **Energy Systems:** Addresses the generation, conversion, and utilization of energy in various forms, including renewable energy technologies, power generation, and energy storage systems.5. **Manufacturing Engineering:** Focuses on optimizing manufacturing processes and systems for efficiency, quality, and cost-effectiveness, including techniques such as machining, casting, and additive manufacturing (3D printing).**Applications:**Mechanical engineering finds applications across numerous industries, driving innovation and technological advancement. Some notable applications include:1. **Transportation:** Designing and manufacturing vehicles, aircraft, and ships for transportation of goods and people.2. **Energy Production:** Developing renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines, solar panels, and hydroelectric systems, as well as traditional power generation methods.3. **Biomedical Engineering:** Creating medical devices and equipment, prosthetics, and biomedical implants to improve healthcare outcomes.4. **Manufacturing:** Optimizing production processes in industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, and consumer goods.5. **Infrastructure:** Designing and maintaining infrastructure systems such as bridges, tunnels, and buildings to ensure safety and durability.**Future Prospects:**The future of mechanical engineering is marked by rapid technological advancements and evolving global challenges.Emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and sustainable design are reshaping the landscape of mechanical engineering. Engineers are increasingly focused on developing eco-friendly technologies, improving energy efficiency, and addressing issues such as climate change and resource scarcity. With the rise of digitalization and Industry 4.0, mechanical engineers are leveraging data analytics, simulation tools, and automation to optimize design processes and enhance product performance.In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that continues to drive innovation and shape the world we live in. From pioneering new technologies to solving complex engineering challenges, mechanical engineers play a crucial role in advancing society and improving quality of life for people around the globe.。
金属材料工程
武汉科技大学培养方案金属材料工程专业培养方案Curriculum for Undergraduate of MetallicMaterial Engineering Major一、培养目标以社会需求为导向，培养思想素质高、基础扎实、知识面广、富有实践能力和创新创业精神的金属材料工程领域的高素质创新型或应用型人才，期待毕业生五年左右达到以下目标：1、具有良好的人文素养修养与道德水准；坚实的自然科学基础和金属材料工程专业基础方面的知识；2、具有良好的工程素质、较强的工程实践能力，能够进行金属材料技术与产品研发、生产及应用、工艺设计及控制、新技术开发及工程服务和生产技术管理；3、具有良好的交流和沟通能力、组织管理能力，能够在一个技术开发团队中作为骨干或者领导有效地发挥作用；4、在金属材料设计、制备、分析、应用等领域具有就业竞争力，并有能力进入研究生阶段学习；5、能够通过终身学习拓展自己的知识和能力；6、有意愿创新实践，并有能力服务社会。
Ⅰ.Training objectivesGuided by social needs, this major aims at training students into high-quality and innovative or applied talents in metallic materials and materials engineering, who will be high ideological quality, solid foundation, wide knowledge, practical ability and innovative spirit. Graduates of this major are supposed to achieve the following aims after5yearsof graduation:1.Having good manner and excellent moralities;fundamental knowledge of natural science and metallic materials science and engineering.2.An ability to conduct research on technology and product of metallic materials, the design of technique and equipment as well as management of production technique.3.An ability of communication and to function as the leading role in a technique developing team.4.Having strong competitiveness for employment in the field of metallic materials preparation, processing, materials analysis and materials application; an ability to be admitted to the postgraduate study.5.An ability to develop ones’ own knowledge and abilities through lifelong learning.6. Recognition of innovation practice and an ability to serve for the society.二、毕业要求1、工程知识：能够将数学、自然科学、工程基础和专业知识用于解决金属材料成分与工艺设计、组织结构控制与性能优化、金属构件安全评估等复杂工程问题。