高考专题：议论文阅读
高考语文议论文阅读题及答案
高考语文议论文阅读题及答案高考议论文阅读1：国学的焦灼①中华民族的强国梦，已经断断续续做了一百六十多年。
到了国力日益强盛的今天，每个人都在迫切地期待着民族的复兴。
各种宣传广告上“传统文化与现代科技的完美结合”一类不学无术的说词，就是当今“民族复兴”一词被肤浅理解的注脚。
而一个渴望复兴的古老的民族面对现实和外来的焦灼心态，也日趋明显。
从1840年至今，我们每个人所能创造出的文化资源，必然受到西方外来文化以及1840年以后本土新思潮二者的影响。
按一些激进国学家的安排，纯然依照孔孟之道来认识社会、解决问题，已经不可能。
而一旦接受了外来与新生，又害怕失去本民族的特色，成为了没有文化主体性的精神殖民地。
一个有着过于灿烂光辉历史的民族，在面对现实的困窘时的确没有日本、韩国那样容易放得下。
现在特定语境当中的“国学”观念与理论，所折射出的就是这样一种焦灼。
②此故，在“国学热”当中，有种论调颇有代表性：“我们天天在要求现代化，现代化不就是西化吗?把整个的思想按西方的观点来大卸八块，中华文化不但没有复兴，反而越发地死得快……整个20世纪的中国知识分子，在不知不觉中受到了西洋的影响，没有能真正掌握中华文化的灵魂。
”③以上的观点说白了，就是将“从西方传入”当成了本质上的“西方”，与中华文化不可调和的“西方”，而忽视了一些社会基础性价值的普适性，也忽视了文化的包容性和交流。
世界上最大的、最有活力的水域不是娃哈哈公司的纯净水储存池，而是有污泥、有毒菌、有浊浪，时时刻刻被海洋生物代谢物污染着的大海。
一个文明得以保存和发展的动力不是一种精神洁癖，那种洁癖只能说明一个文明已经虚弱到了免疫机能低下的地步。
而在相当数目的国学家眼里，西方传来的文化与思想就只能起到破坏和摧毁中华文明的作用。
这其间折射出的对自我民族的不自信，也是颇值得玩味的。
④而事实证明，1840年以来，本土新创造的文化都已经不再是，也不可能是“纯粹”的中华传统，但其中却不乏优秀杰出的成果，以至于20世纪的二三十年代，无论是在文学成就还是思想成就上，都创造了令今人难以企及的高峰。
2023届高考语文备考：议论文阅读技巧与练习
高考语文备考：议论文阅读技巧与练习议论文，又叫说理文，是一种以议论为主要表达方式，剖析论述事理，发表意见，提出主张的文体。
学习议论文，不仅能训练我们的逻辑思维能力和语言表达能力，还可以使我们明白事理，提高认知水平，知晓方法，学会解决问题。
议论文阅读，首先要学会梳理文章结构，理解作者观点，体会文中情感。
一、析层次，梳理文章结构。
1.基本类型议论文结构，主要从两大角度来划分：（1）全篇角度①“总—分—总”式。
开头总领全文，中间从各个方面具体阐述，结尾是对全文的总结。
②“总—分”式。
上述①式缺少总结部分。
③“分—总”式。
上述①式缺少总领部分。
（2）主体角度有的议论文前有总领，后有总结，那么中间就是主体部分。
而有的议论文前无总领，后无总结，直接进入主体部分。
①并列式。
以几个并列的层次来具体阐述，每个层次相对独立完整，与其他部分是平行关系。
②层进式。
又叫递进式，各层次之间是层层深入、步步推进的关系。
论证时，一般是由小到大，由浅入深。
③对照式。
又叫对比式，把两种事物或事物的两方面加以对比，揭示两者区别，表明肯否态度。
2.梳理方法一些议论文，结构并不单纯，有的标志不明，有的错综复杂。
我们要根据文章内容的相对独立来划分层次，概括出层意，分析好层次之间的关系，从而梳理好文章结构。
李斯的《谏逐客书》，第一句“臣闻吏议逐客，窃以为过矣”，直接提出中心论点。
同在第一段，接着铺陈四代秦君重用客卿而富国强国的史实，证明客卿有功于秦。
这样，弱化了总领的特征。
第二段列举事实说明爱异国物、逐外国人非统一天下之术，“爱异国物”和“逐外国人”形成对比，但作者把对比放在同一层次了。
第三段阐明纳客与逐客的利害，“纳客”之利与“逐客”之害又形成对比，此处对比同样处于同一层次。
第四段得出结论，“逐客”必将造成秦国的危亡，是在第三段基础上的深化。
全文在层层推进当中又包含着对比关系，正反对比之时又兼顾层进关系，前后呼应，气韵贯通，形成滔滔雄辩之势，既逻辑严密，又博大丰富。
议论文范文高考热点话题5篇
议论文范文高考热点话题5篇议论文范文高考热点话题5篇在日常生活或是工作学习中，大家都不可避免地会接触到作文，写起作文来就毫无头绪？作文可以用抒情议论的方式收束文章，能够表达作者心中的情绪，下面是由编辑为大家整理的高考作文范文，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读本文。
议论文范文高考热点话题（篇1）1、金钱价值在于使用方法汽车大王福特不是一个吝啬的人，但他却很少捐款。
他顽固地认为，金钱的价值并不在于多寡，而在于使用方法。
他最担心的就是捐款经常会落到不善于运用它们的人手里。
有一次，乔治亚州的马沙·贝蒂校长为了扩建学校来请求福特捐款，福特拒绝了她。
她就说：那么就请捐给我一袋花生种子吧。
于是福特买了一袋花生种子送给了她。
福特后来就忘了这件事情。
没想到一年以后，贝蒂女士又上门了，交给了他600美元。
原来学生们播种了当初的那一袋子花生种子，这就是一年的收获。
福特什么都没说，立即拿出了600万美元交给了贝蒂。
福特的担心绝不是多余的，太轻易得来的金钱往往很难让受施者感受到金钱后面潜隐着的苦与智；我更赞赏贝蒂对点滴施与的至高的尊重，她带领孩子们撒播下的其实是足以证明他们有能力领受他人恩惠的资格。
2、鱼儿不会说话美国联邦议会批准了在小田纳西河上修建一座用于发电的水库，先后投入了一亿多美元。
当大坝工程即将完工的时候，生物学家们发现大坝底有一种叫蜗牛鱼的珍稀鱼类，如果大坝最终建成的话，将影响这种鱼生活的环境而导致这种鱼的灭绝。
于是环保组织向法院提出了诉讼，要求大坝停工并放弃修建水库的计划，但在第一次诉讼中，他们失败了：初审法院认为大坝已经接近完工，浪费纳税人一亿多美元的钱去保护一个鱼种是不明智的，拒绝判决大坝停工。
环保组织又上诉到最高法院。
终于，这些小鱼儿在最高法院赢得了它们的权利，依据是联邦1973年颁布的《濒危物种法案》。
这些小鱼儿可以在它们的家园自由地栖息，而它们身边是那被永久废弃的价值一亿多美元的大坝。
3、大错误与小错误日本松下公司的创始人松下幸之助以经营技巧高超，管理方法先进，被誉为“经营之神。
高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)
专题五：高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 （2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.C．They're objective. D．They're strict.2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.D．Changes in people's social positions.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many FormsC．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckPassage 2 （2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B．F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5．According to the passage, education technology can ________.A．decrease teachers’ working loadB．facilitate personalized learningC．help standardize curriculumsD．be loved by schoolchildren6．Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7．The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A．at the service of teachingB．limited in use among pupilsC．aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD．in line with students’ learning styles8．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To stress the importance of edtech.B．To introduce the application of edtech.C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 （2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9．The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A．the queen’s love for dogs B．a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC．the British devotion to walking dogs D．the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10．What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A．Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B．Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D．Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11．Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A．Britons are proud of dog-walking B．dogs are a good companion for BritonsC．he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D．weather is a popular topic among Britons12．What would be the best title for the text?A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C．Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D．Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 （2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role modelC．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the USC．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 （2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模）While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A．It brings people inner peace.B．It contributes to problem-solving.C．It reduces the possibility of crises.D．It deepens understanding of music.18．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A．It celebrates freedom and unity.B．It aims to show crises and chaos.C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A．Leaving things as they are.B．Making a choice between them.C．Separating them from each other.D．Engaging them in a conversation.20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How COVID-19 changes artB．Essentials of Symphony No. 9C．Moving artfully through crisesD．Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 （2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模）Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21．The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A．describing a process. B．presenting differences.C．analyzing causes. D．showing similarities.22．The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A．health. B．recovery.C．range. D．survival.23．What's the function of paragraph 3?A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Why the Environment Is So Important?B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C．How People Should Protect the Environment?D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 （2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测）On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A．To increase efficiency.B．To cut workers’ salaries.C．To end conflicts with workers.D．To create more job opportunities.26．What happened in the workforce after World War II?A．The oldest male had to work longer.B．Technology let people work more flexibly.C．Job positions were created due to technology.D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A．Companies would be closed down.B．Economic growth would be stopped.C．Economic systems would break down.D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 （2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模）A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A．clothes dryers can save money B．clothes dryers are energy-savingC．clothesline drying reduces home value D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US30．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A．He is a warm-hearted man. B．He is an impolite neighbor.C．He is an inexperienced gardener. D．He is a man of social responsibility.31．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A．Housing businesses. B．Environmentalists.C．Homeowners Associations. D．Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B．A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC．Different Varieties of Clotheslines D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 （2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测）Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33．The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.34．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C．It makes the house market more competitive.D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristicsC．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population36．The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A．objective B．supportiveC．negative D．indifferentPassage 10 （2021·湖北·巴东一中一模）Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。
高考议论文阅读题练习及答案
高考议论文阅读题练习及答案高考议论文阅读题练习原文大多数环境学论著认为，人类大量排放二氧化碳等温室气体，导致全球气温上升，而全球变暖将使地球两极的冰川融化，海平面上升，进而给人类的生存造成威胁。
但是，荷兰学者克罗宁博格所著的《人类尺度：一万年后的地球》一书中的观点，似乎可以让人稍稍缓解一下在气候变暖问题上的紧张感。
作者的基本观点是：当下发生的所有气候变化，从地球的立场出发，都是“正常运作”。
大自然的变化类似于四季交替，只不过是它的时间尺度要长得多。
根据作者的描述，大自然的“春天”是在一万年以前开始的，那时，天气已开始转暖，曾经覆盖了当今人类广泛活动区域的冰层逐渐在阳光下融化，海平面上升，而人类祖先的生活方式则开始从渔猎转向定居农业。
到现在，人类已经处于“夏季”，因此我们没有必要担心气温上升可能会带来的危害”。
“夏季”终将过去，这也是自然规律，只不过是要再等待一段漫长的时间，“秋季”才会来临。
那时海平面将会下降，而今天人们因为气温上升所引发的讨论也将随之结束。
克罗宁博格面对当前全球气候变暖的趋势，以及由此造成的极端天气频繁、荒漠化加重、物种灭绝加速等情况，之所以显得十分淡定，在于他看待这一问题时使用了与众不同的时间尺度。
通常人们只考虑几十年或几百年的事情，并且一直在用这种人类的尺度去衡量大自然，结果每个人都为现在的气候最大值紧张不已。
其实，这在克罗宁博格看来只不过是大自然循环中出现的“一丝波纹而已”。
如果我们超越现阶段人类思考问题的尺度，观察一个漫长的周期，情形也许就不会那么令人沮丧了——那就是一万年的时间尺度，为什么要一万年的时间尺度?因为人类现在所处的地质时代开始于一万年以前;地质学的知识也告诉我们，类似于我们现在所处的温暖期一般不会超过一万年;大约一万年前爆发的火山目前都处在活动期等等。
与地质学应用的时间尺度相比，人类的尺度就不那么适用了。
这也难怪他要嘲讽因为气候变暖、海平面上升而变得异常焦虑的人民，“为什么要大张旗鼓地围着小周期内出现的现象团团转”?《人类尺度：一万年后的地球》这本书的观点有助于提升人类面对气候变暖、海平面上升所带来的挑战的勇气，正像作者所说的那样：穿着熊皮、拿着石斧的石器时代的人类尚且知道如何在冰期生存下来，我们难道无法运用现代高科技去解决海平面上升一米带来的后果吗?当然，与此同时我们也应该意识到，即使人类的活动对于全球气候变暖的作用微不足道，我们也不能从此以后就不加节制地去排放温室气候，大量地消耗资源和排放二氧化碳已经严重破坏了自然生态和人类的生存环境，所以克罗宁博格也表示，“我们应该节约能源”以保护有限的资源。
高考满分作文议论文及点评【五篇】
高考满分作文议论文及点评【五篇】高考满分作文：阅读的三重境界人生天地间，总要与外界发生联系。
而阅读，则是其最主要的通道。
阅读分为若干种，绝绝大部分人的阅读属于消遣性阅读。
这种阅读的目的就是打发时间，说得高雅点，是让时间不至于白白流逝。
浏览网页，翻翻报纸，看看电视，了解一些热点新闻，搜集几件明星八卦，打探哪里出了奇人异事，瞅瞅又有几个老虎被调查……边看边乐，然后与志同道合者大摆龙门，是很惬意很得意的事。
市井闲人们的阅读大抵如此，很多上班族的阅读有相当的比重也可归入此类，我们青年学子，有时也愿意做这些消遣性的阅读。
为的是放松放松，调剂一下有些枯燥的学习生活。
我觉得，“消遣”是个中性词，甚至在某种意义上可归入褒义，毕竟有所消遣便是有所寄托，这总比无所事事、无是生非要好得多得多。
阅读的第二重境界，我称之为充电式阅读。
这种阅读有明显的现实“功利性”，颇有现趸现卖、临时抱佛脚的意味。
以我为例，该交综合性研究作业了，我才上网搜索相关的材料，包括成本的书、杂志，相关论文，然后挑灯夜战，快速扫描，从中筛选自己用得着的矿石，冶炼、提纯，最终形成自己的产品。
这样的阅读，效率高，印象深，积少成多，集腋成裘，我的大脑里面的东西感觉越来越多，越来越有品位。
出于很近视的目的，其效果却是长久的，这样的阅读，其实就是我们成长的台阶。
听说绝大部分成年人尤其是上班族，其阅读大都含有某种“功利性”。
这不是坏事。
关键是要将这些信息合理转化，切忌生搬硬套，机械照搬。
否则的话，这种阅读就成了鸦片，副作用可不是一般的大。
阅读的境界，是精神性阅读，或者叫心灵性阅读。
这样的阅读完全是个人的兴趣所在，阅读的过程，也是修养身心、陶冶情操的过程。
据说，这样的人，看经典的影视作品，会忘掉了世界的存有，能与剧中人的命运相喜悲;看喜欢的文学名著，常常会如五柳先生“每有会意，便欣然忘食”。
可惜的是，我还没能达到这样的境界，但我会向这个方向努力。
鲁迅说过，要看各样的书，即使和本业毫不相干的，也要泛览。
广东高考议论文阅读专练题及答案
①情是诗之魂。
感受于外，情动于中。
先有感，后有情，情不是飞来的。
感受是被动的受，情动是主动的动。
由感而情，由情而诗，这个程序我们都得遵守。
②为什么说感受是被动的受?人活在世界上，由不得他自己。
万事万物，每日每时，乱纷纷都到他的眼前来，一一逼入他的感官，叫他回避不了，不受也得受，难受也得受，所以说是被动的受。
为什么说情动是主动的动?感受既多，叠累在心，人非草木，哪能无情。
情是有的，看你怎样处置。
熄下去了，就不会有诗了;燃起来了，就可能有诗了。
或燃或熄，主动在你。
如果那一缕情是合理的，是健康的，那就让它燃起来，“去以自己的火点燃旁人的火”(何其芳《生活是多么广阔》)。
③动情在先，下笔在后，这当然是再好不过的了。
郭沫若年轻时求学日本，雄姿英发，写了((地球，我的母亲》，开启一代豪风。
那天上午，他在福冈图书馆看书，诗兴忽来，激动得很，难以静坐攻读。
他走出图书馆，到馆后僻静的石子路上去，脱掉木屐，跣脚乱走若狂，乃至“率性倒在路上睡着，真想亲切地和地球母亲亲昵。
去感触她的皮肤，受她的拥抱”。
晚辈庸才如我者，从来没有雄姿英发过，更不会在下笔以前动情如此。
偶有一二幸获献丑之作，都是在下笔以后才逐渐动情的。
对一般初学者，要求他们动情在先，下笔在后，那是苦人所难。
真能做到先有感受，下笔以后逐渐动情，就很不错了。
④为了使自己动情于笔下，在写作过程中，首先必须排除周围环境诸种干扰，对眼前与主题无关的事事物物，一概视而不见，听而不闻，以求视听寂然，如入无人之境。
视听寂然之后，你就从现实的人境跃入笔下的诗境。
设想你要写的那些场景事物一一复活，一丘一水都能用灵眼看见，一笑一啼都能用灵耳听见。
让模糊了的清晰起来，清晰得可触可感，纵然你写的是朦胧诗。
在笔下忘却现实，在诗境忘却人境。
写初恋就得忘却鬓边的白发，写黑夜就得忘却窗外的阳光。
此时最怕的是邻居吵架和小儿哭叫，或你的贤妻叫你去捅蜂窝煤。
写作过程就是醒着做梦，梦被打断，使人心烦意乱，怪不自在，甚至难以重温。
高考满分议论文带题目_作文800字_议论文范文_
高考满分议论文带题目高中议论文鼓励学生发现问题，发展逻辑思维，多角度思考问题，提出自己的看法，敢于标新立异，敢于追求创新。
以下是小编为大家整理的高考满分议论文，欢迎大家参考阅读。
高考满分议论文篇1：我生活的世界我是一个盲人，但我的世界却是多姿多彩的。
每天早上起来，母亲都会不厌其烦的为我穿衣，帮我梳头，15年来一直如此。
天气晴朗的时候，母亲还会用她那粗糙的手拉着我去河边散步。
走在小石子路上，阳光照在我身上暖暖的。
我问母亲，阳光是什么颜色的?母亲总会轻柔的抚摸着我的头说，阳光啊，是黄色的，金灿灿的。
哦，我知道了。
于是，独自在心中立下誓言：我要让我生活的小小世界变成了金黄色的，让每一个生活在这个世界的人都能感受到暖暖的阳光。
从此以后，孤独的小朋友身边，有我为他唱儿歌的身影;劳累的父母身边，有我为他们捶背的身影;寂寞的老人身边，有我和他们聊天的身影…。
每天中午坐在屋门前，父亲都会给我讲历史名人。
“项羽是中国古代着名将领，历史上说的西楚霸王就是他……”通过父亲，我的知识面更广了。
到12点了，小学生们都放学了，他们经过我家门前，一阵阵谈笑的声传到了我的耳朵。
我问父亲，孩子们的谈笑声是什么颜色的?父亲停顿了一下说，红色的，对，就是红色。
我有点儿不解，红色?红色什么样的啊?父亲笑了几声说道，红色是充满朝气的颜色，是刚毅的代表，我给你讲的项羽还记得么?我们就能说他是红色的。
哦，我明白了。
是红色给予了我们快乐的生活;是红色让我们充满活力;是红色让我生活的世界更加美好。
吃完晚饭，傍晚的时候，我会陪着奶奶在河边乘凉，听奶奶和一些老人讨论今天一天他们的世界所发生的一些有趣的事情。
因为是盲人，所以我的听觉比较灵敏。
耳边隐隐约约会传来细细簌簌的声音，于是问奶奶：“那是什么声音?”奶奶告诉我说“那是清澈的河水拍打石头的响声。
”“清澈?那是什么颜色的?是黄的还是红的呢?”“呵呵，都不是的，是蓝色，淡淡的蓝色，就和你穿的衣服一样的颜色。
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问题：
★ 1、论据有什么作用？ 2、如何辨识事实论据和道理论据？ 3、如何根据论点补写论据？
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议论文的三要素:
论点、论据、论证
论证方法：
举例论证、对比论证、
引用论证、比喻论证、
论证方式： 类比论证 。
立论、驳论。（议论文可由 此标准分为立论文与驳论文 二大类。）
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《语文课程标准》要求：
阅读简单的议论文，区别观点与材料 (道理、事实、数据、图表等)，发现观点与 材料之间的联系，并通过自己的思考作出判 断。
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论据知识
1、论据: 用来证明论点的事实和道理。 2、论据的种类： ①事实论据：典型的事例、历史事实、统计数字
等。 ②道理论据：人们公认的科学原理、定律定理、
题型4： 议论文中代词的指代对象考点 ：
这种考题在各种文体的阅读中都较为常见。基本上
分为两种情况：一是需要联系上下文加以概括的。 二是原文中找出指代的内容，这种情况，指代的内
容一般出现在代词之前，找到后可用其替换代词， 通读句子视句意变化与否来检验其正误。
题型5： 、开放性、拓展题考点
这种题一般都是，考查学生阅读文章后所产生 的情感体验或理性思考。解题时需结合文章发 挥个人从阅读中获得的感悟。答题方式：相当 于写一篇小的议论文，要有论点、论据。注意 必须引用名言或名人轶事来证明自己的观点或 认识。
名言一：人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨。 ——徐悲鸿
名言二：鱼,我所欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍
鱼而取掌者也。
——《孟子》
4、 (浙江丽水市)《科学可以代替一切吗？》第1题：仿照第①节的举
例方法,请你写出一个例子,用来证明“科学是不可能取代一切的”。
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常见的论据类题型
1、理解论据的作用。 2、辨识事实论据和道理论据。 3、概括事实论据。 4、补写（或选择）论据。
• ③、比喻论证：通过比喻进行证明，使论证生动形 象、浅显易懂。 格式：使用了比喻论证的论证方法 ，将……比作……，证明了……的观点，从而把抽象深 奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。
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• ④、对比论证：对比论证的作用就是突出强调。 格 式：使用了对比论证的论证方法，将……和……加以比 较，突出强调了……的观点。
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答题思路：如加点词语有什么作用？
（1）确定、回答词语在语境中的（表层）含义；
（2）词语对表达中心或阐明观点的（深层、比喻或引 申）作用；这类题主要考语言的准确周密性和形象生动 性。
答题思路：又如词语顺序是否可以颠倒？
（1）解释词语的含义；
（2）阐明词语之间的时间或事理程序的先后顺序，强调其 先后顺序或层次性。
1L、OGO论点 （证明什么）
•
论点应该是作者看法的完整表述，在形式上是个
完整的简洁明确的句子。从全文看，它必能统摄全文
。表述形式往往是个表示肯定或否定的判断句，是明
确的表态性的句子。
A．把握文章的论点。 中心论点只有一个（统帅分
论点） ⑴明确： 分论点可有N个（补充和证明中心论
点）
• ⑵文章提出中心论点的方式： ①、文章标题点明中 心论点； ②、文章开头提出中心论点； ③、文章结 尾归纳出中心论点； ④、文章中间用某个承上启下 的句子提出中心论点。 ⑤、文章没有直接提出中心 论入点职培，训 但始终围绕……展开论述
名言警句、格言谚语等。 3、基本要求： 真实可靠，充分典型。
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LO议GO 论文阅读试题
1、 (广东)《信仰之光》第2题：第③段画线句子写苏格拉底的信仰，文 章用它来证明什么观点？
2、(山东)《科学与诗》第2题：作者举了哪些例子来论述“科学家如何 觅句”？试加以概括。
3、(福建漳州)《我们要学会放弃》第3题:根据文中表达的基本观点,判 断下面两句名言能否作为本文的道理论据,并说明理由。
题型3：分析议论文的语言特色：
• ①、要从逻辑的角度，分析其用词的准确，严密：② 、要从说理的角度分析其叙述的概括性和简洁性。
• ③、要从修辞的角度分析其用词的鲜明、生动和感情 色彩。
• 下面从不同角度解释一下： A、语言准确表现为：① 概念使用准确，② 定语、状语等修饰成分恰当。 B 、语言严密表现为：判断和推理严密，语言表达周密 ，逻辑性强。 C、语言鲜明表现为：表述明确，不 模棱两可，态度明确，爱憎分明，恰当使用修辞方法 和特殊句式，增强语言的生动性和说服力。 D、语 言概括简洁表现为：议论文中事实叙述不细致，较笼 统。用议论文的目的是以理服人。不宜详细叙事。否 则会喧宾夺主。这一点一般的议论文都有体现，就不 再举例说明了
• ⑤、引用论证：引用论证比较复杂，这与具体的引 用材料有关，有引用名人名言、格言警句、权威数据 、名人佚事、笑话趣闻等各种情况，其作用要具体分 析。如引用名人名言、格言警句、权威数据，可以增 强论证的说服力和权威性；引用名人佚事、奇闻趣事 ，可以增强论证的趣味性，吸引读者往下读。 格式 ：使用了引用论证的论证方法，通过引用……证明…… 的观点，使论证更有说服力。（或更有趣味性，吸引 读者往下读）
• ⑴论证方法
•①
摆事实（事实论证）
• ② 讲道理（道理论证）
•
A举例论证（例证法）
B引用论证（引证法） C对比论证（其本身也可以是举例论证和 道理论证）
D比喻论证
E类比论 证
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题型1：论证方法的作用
• ①、举例论证：通过举具体的事例加以论证，从而使 论证更具体、更有说服力。 格式：使用了举例论证 的论证方法，举……（概括事例）证明了……（如果有 分论点，则写出它证明的分论点，否则写中心论点） ，从而使论证更具体更有说用（1）、引出（全）下文；（2） 、总结前（全）文；（3）承上启下。
• 题型3：议论文的结构 • ⑴一般形式：①引论（提出问题）―――②本论（分析问
题）―――③结论（解决问题）。 • ⑵类型： ①并列式 ②总分总式 ③总分式 ④分总
式 ⑤递进式。
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2、论据（用什么证明）
• ⑴论据的类型：①事实论据（举例后要总结，概述论据要 紧扣论点）；②道理论据（引用名言要分析）。 ⑵论据要真实、可靠，典型（学科、国别、古今等）。
• ⑶次序安排（照应论点）； • ⑷判断论据能否证明论点； • ⑸补充论据（要能证明论点）。
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3、论证（怎样证明）