英语专业词汇学lecture 1精品PPT课件
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词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件
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3. Native words and borrowed words 本族语词和外来语词
Native words / Angle-Saxon words
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are native
words. They form the great majority of the
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Another important characteristic is that function words belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, in comparison to content words. The total number of functional words is about 154. They are stable; they do not come and go with changing fashions and ideas.
basic word stock of the English language.
The basic word stock is the foundation of the
vocabulary accumulated over a number of
epochs. Most native words in modern
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What causes the differences between sound and form?
➢ 1) More morphemes than letters, ➢ 2) Stabilization of spelling, ➢ 3) Deliberate change of spelling by
词汇学lecture 1
3.Five sub-branches of lexicology
Semantics is considered to be independent subject. However, other theorists claim that semantics, which investigates the nature, structure, and the development and change of word meaning, is a subbranch of lexicology. The other four branches: Etymology studies the meaning, origin, and history of individual words and their development. Historical lexicology studies, from a historical point of view, the development of vocabulary as a whole on the basis of etymology. Phraseology deals with set expressions or idioms. Lexicography is concerned with the writing and compilation of dictionaries.
Welcome to the Introduction to Modern English Lexicology
Lecturer: Gao Xiang
There is no egg in eggplant, nor ham in hamburger; Neither apple nor pine in pineapple. And while no one knows what is a hotdog, You can be pretty sure it isn't canine. English muffins were not invented in England Nor French-fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies, while sweetbreads, Which aren't sweet are meat. We take English for granted.
老年大学英语口语1Lecture 1ppt课件
（第一次见面时用） • Nice to meet you. • This is …
• 你好！ • 我能知道你的名字吗？ • 你是…? • 你好！
• 很高兴见到你。 • 这位是…
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简单日常英语表达二
• Sorry! • Welcome! • Please. • Thanks!
• 缩蕊 • 味儿卡姆. • 普力斯 • 三克斯
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介绍的相关词汇
• Name • What • is • his her • he she • Son • daughter
my your I you
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介绍他人
• I’d like you to meet... • 我想让你认识... • This is... • 这位是...
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文化礼节
• 初次见面打招呼： How do you do? 你好！ 回答：How do you do?
Lecture 1 Letters and Introductions
第一讲 字母和介绍
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英语26个字母
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3
4
自我介绍
Good afternoon, everyone. My name is... I’m your teacher this new term. I’m from... I hope we can make good friends.
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简单日常英语表达一
• Hello!
• 哈喽
• 你好！
• Morning！ • 摸拧 • Afternoon • 阿辅特浓 • Evening! • 衣服拧
• 早上好！ • 下午好！ • 晚上好！
• （Good!） • 故的 • Goodbye! • 故的拜
• 你好！ • 我能知道你的名字吗？ • 你是…? • 你好！
• 很高兴见到你。 • 这位是…
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简单日常英语表达二
• Sorry! • Welcome! • Please. • Thanks!
• 缩蕊 • 味儿卡姆. • 普力斯 • 三克斯
8
介绍的相关词汇
• Name • What • is • his her • he she • Son • daughter
my your I you
9
介绍他人
• I’d like you to meet... • 我想让你认识... • This is... • 这位是...
10
文化礼节
• 初次见面打招呼： How do you do? 你好！ 回答：How do you do?
Lecture 1 Letters and Introductions
第一讲 字母和介绍
1
英语26个字母
2
3
4
自我介绍
Good afternoon, everyone. My name is... I’m your teacher this new term. I’m from... I hope we can make good friends.
5
简单日常英语表达一
• Hello!
• 哈喽
• 你好！
• Morning！ • 摸拧 • Afternoon • 阿辅特浓 • Evening! • 衣服拧
• 早上好！ • 下午好！ • 晚上好！
• （Good!） • 故的 • Goodbye! • 故的拜
[英语学习]英语专业词汇学ppt
![[英语学习]英语专业词汇学ppt](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3e91c662ad51f01dc381f1b6.png)
• bow /bcu/ n the device used for shooting arrows
• saw /scu/ v to scatter seeds
• sow /sau/ n female adult pig
h
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Homophone
Identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. • dear /dic/ n a loved person • deer /dic/ n a kind of animal • son /s?n/ n a male child of someone • sun /s?n/ n the heavenly body from which the earth gets warmth and light
• (4) any effective remedy;
• (5) (BrE) molassehs.
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• 例1：board：木板→餐桌→会议桌→董事 会
• 例2：candidate：穿白袍的人→身着白袍申 请职位的人→候选人
5.2 Homonymy
• Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.
h
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Two Approaches to Polysemy
• The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: diachronic approach and synchronic approach.
英语词汇学授课课件 PPT
❖ 2. synonyms and idioms
B: rapid growth of present-day English Vocabulary and Its causes
❖ Neologisms(新词) after World War II ❖ Reasons： ❖ 1. progress of science and technology科技
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法)， but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
Bloomfield布洛姆菲尔德（美国语言学家教育 家） and ❖ a French linguist, Antoine Meillet（梅耶，法 国语言学家）
Bloomfield
❖ “some linguistic forms（语言形态）, which we call bound forms(限定/非自由形态) are never used as sentences.
invaded by Angles盎格鲁, Saxons撒克逊, Jutes朱特人
❖ Vocabulary： 5000-6000 words，chiefly Anglo-Saxon/ some Old Norse古斯堪的那维 亚语
❖ Old Norse words (are, they, their, them, till, call, die, give, take, skin, window, ill, weak)
B: rapid growth of present-day English Vocabulary and Its causes
❖ Neologisms(新词) after World War II ❖ Reasons： ❖ 1. progress of science and technology科技
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法)， but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
Bloomfield布洛姆菲尔德（美国语言学家教育 家） and ❖ a French linguist, Antoine Meillet（梅耶，法 国语言学家）
Bloomfield
❖ “some linguistic forms（语言形态）, which we call bound forms(限定/非自由形态) are never used as sentences.
invaded by Angles盎格鲁, Saxons撒克逊, Jutes朱特人
❖ Vocabulary： 5000-6000 words，chiefly Anglo-Saxon/ some Old Norse古斯堪的那维 亚语
❖ Old Norse words (are, they, their, them, till, call, die, give, take, skin, window, ill, weak)
lecture大学英语专业英译汉PPT课件
第13页/共28页
②形容词前增加名词 10. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这台打字机真是物美价廉。 11. A new kind of aircraft – small, cheap, pilotless – is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机机身不大，价 格便宜，无人驾驶。
第2页/共28页
notional words
1) objects or physical actions 2) qualities, concepts or mental activities 3) thoughts, feelings, imaginations and morality.
functional words 1) the relation between different parts of the sentence 2)logical relations in meanings.
10. Very acute problems exist among them. 他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。第20页/共28页浅谈 Nhomakorabea译与美学
美学（aesthetics）的定义：研究自然 界、社会和艺术领域中美的一般规律与 原则的科学。主要探讨美的本质，艺术 与现实的关系，艺术创作的一般规律。
2. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也 没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗和花束的场 面。
②形容词前增加名词 10. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这台打字机真是物美价廉。 11. A new kind of aircraft – small, cheap, pilotless – is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机机身不大，价 格便宜，无人驾驶。
第2页/共28页
notional words
1) objects or physical actions 2) qualities, concepts or mental activities 3) thoughts, feelings, imaginations and morality.
functional words 1) the relation between different parts of the sentence 2)logical relations in meanings.
10. Very acute problems exist among them. 他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。第20页/共28页浅谈 Nhomakorabea译与美学
美学（aesthetics）的定义：研究自然 界、社会和艺术领域中美的一般规律与 原则的科学。主要探讨美的本质，艺术 与现实的关系，艺术创作的一般规律。
2. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也 没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗和花束的场 面。
1英语词汇概说ppt课件
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பைடு நூலகம்
实义词表示明确的含义或概念，它包括名 词(noun)、动词(verb)、形容词(adjective)、 副词(adverd)、数词(numeral)等。它表示 物体、现象、动作、品质、状态、程度和 数量等。实义词构成了英语词汇的绝大部 分，数量极大。
Content words (notional words) denote clear notions, including: nouns, verbs, ajectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree and quantity.
基本词汇包括七个部分：（1）术语 （terminology）；（2）行话（jargon）；（3） 俚语（slang）；（4）隐语或黑话（argot）； （5）方言（dialectal words）；（6）古语 （archaisms）和 （7）新语（neologism）
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(二）根据词的功能，英语词汇可以分 为实义词（content words）即“实词” 和功能词（function words）即“虚词”。
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词汇学 (lexicology) 是语言学 (linguistics) 的一个分支，它研究词的起源和意义。
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.
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英语词汇学（English lexicology）旨在研究英 语词汇的形态结构、语义结构、语义关系、历 史演变以及词的构成和用法等。这是一门理论 课。
பைடு நூலகம்
实义词表示明确的含义或概念，它包括名 词(noun)、动词(verb)、形容词(adjective)、 副词(adverd)、数词(numeral)等。它表示 物体、现象、动作、品质、状态、程度和 数量等。实义词构成了英语词汇的绝大部 分，数量极大。
Content words (notional words) denote clear notions, including: nouns, verbs, ajectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree and quantity.
基本词汇包括七个部分：（1）术语 （terminology）；（2）行话（jargon）；（3） 俚语（slang）；（4）隐语或黑话（argot）； （5）方言（dialectal words）；（6）古语 （archaisms）和 （7）新语（neologism）
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(二）根据词的功能，英语词汇可以分 为实义词（content words）即“实词” 和功能词（function words）即“虚词”。
2
词汇学 (lexicology) 是语言学 (linguistics) 的一个分支，它研究词的起源和意义。
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.
3
英语词汇学（English lexicology）旨在研究英 语词汇的形态结构、语义结构、语义关系、历 史演变以及词的构成和用法等。这是一门理论 课。
英语词汇学(1)PPT
3. Approach (system)
■
derivation
A process by which noninflectional affixes can be added to roots to form words e.g.: persistence circumspect
4. Lexicology (structural analysis)
aero: aero-plane, aerodrome, ■ aqua: aquarium, aquatic ■ sol: parasol, sub-solar, solar ■ agri: agri-motor, agrology ■ anthrop: philanthropist, anthropotomy ■ bio: biocide, bio-clean, biology ■ vor: carnivore, carnivorous, herbivore, ■ act: activate, inaction, interact
I. Survey
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Importance (two questions) Objective (memory, retrieval) Approach (system) Lexicology (structural analysis) Sociology (system’s construction) Terms for lexicology (five)
■ ■
lexical, lexicon, lexicographer mythology, theology, psychology, sociology
4. Lexicology (word memory)
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Three dimensions of Words
phonological dimension physical dimension semantic relationship
Phonological Dimension
Word may be seen as a cluster of sound segments or letters between two pauses or blanks as seen in the following examples.
(30%)+final exam (50%)
Lecture 1 Basic Concepts
Points for thinking: 1. How do you define “word”? 2. What is vocabulary? 3. What is lexicology?
1.1 Words
is barking’? --A
Word is a unit of expression that has universal intuive recognition by native-speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.(Hu zhuanglin, 76)
3. 《现代英语词汇学》（新版），陆国强编 著，上海外语教育出版社，1999年9月第1 版。
4. 《英语词汇学高级教程》，汪榕培、王之 江主编，上海外语教育出版社，2006年9月 第1版。
5. 《英语词汇学教程》，张维友编著，华中 师范大学出版社，2006年。
6. 《语言学教程》（修定版），胡壮麟主编， 北京大学出版社，2001年。
Requirements
1. 学生自由选择组成若干学习小组，合作完成 presentation 任务。
2. 要求学生通过认真听讲、积极参与提问和讨论、 读阅一些参考书、结合其它场合的语料，多多观 察体会从而领会词语构成、语义、文体。
3. 考核方式：考试 4. 成绩组成：平时（20%）+presentation
培、王之江、朱越峰主编，华东师范大学 出版社，2011年8月第一版。 练习册：《英语词汇学实践》，汪榕培、王 之江主编，上海外语教育出版社， 2008年9 月第1版。
教材及参考资料
参考资料：1. 《英语词汇学》，汪榕培、王 之江主编，上海外语教育出版社，2008年9 月第1版。
2. 《现代英语词汇学教程》，丁建新主编， 重庆大学出版社，2004年10第1版。
研究方向为：理论语言学、句法学、形式语 言学、教学法及英语词汇学。主讲课程为： 《大学英语》系列，《英语精读》、《高 级英语》课程中的阅读及词汇部分及《英 语词汇学》
Contact Me
Tel: QQ:88பைடு நூலகம்1736 E-mail:
03年大学毕业照
05年广州调研照片
教材及参考资料
教材：English Lexicology: a Coursebook, 汪榕
English Lexicology
About Me
田丽，吉林人。1999年考入大 学后离开家乡。在湖南长沙求 学七年，喜欢利用业余时间四 处走走看看。求学期间曾去过 秀美的桂林，徜徉于具有浓厚 异域风情的西街；曾去过繁华 的广州，游弋于上下九路的众 多店铺之中，穿梭在广外和中
山大学之间；
About Me
Teaching Objectives
通过讲授词汇学基本理论、并着重通过对各种实例 进行构词、语义及词类分析，对学生进行词汇分 析基本训练，使学生了解并初步掌握词汇学理论 、基本词汇学概念和词汇框架以及各种英语词汇 特征，初步学会对词汇进行正确的分析，提高学 生使用和欣赏各种英语词语和具体英语单词的能 力、了解并关注词汇文体的意识及词汇分析能力 ，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、英汉语言词汇比较 能力和词汇翻译能力
曾去过南昌，领略过滕王阁的书卷 气息；去过武汉，感受过黄鹤楼 的壮美，品尝过武昌鱼的鲜美； 曾去过河南郑州，攀爬过太行山; 当然也来过济南，领略过泰山的 雄伟壮丽。
Education
1999年考入中南大学外国语学院，专修科技 英语；
2003年保送攻读中南大学外国语学院攻读硕 士学位，师从博士生导师韩景泉教授，主攻 理论语言学，形式语言学及句法学，这期间 对翻译理论与实践、语义学、语用学及英语 教学法等亦有涉猎。
Phonological: /it is wonderful/ Orthographic: it is wonderful. Problem: Phonological : /it’s wonderful/ Orthographic: it’s wonderful.
Physical Structure
Book, bookish,
According to Bloomfield, the word can constitute by itself, a complete utterance.
--Is Jane coming this evening? ---Possibly. Hi, darling, bother, shit. A, THE ---What is missing in a sentence such as ‘do
Classical definition: ““a minimum free form is a word.” Leonard Bloomfield (1933).
The word is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that can be used on its own.Its physical form cannot be divided into smaller units that can be used indepently to convey the same meaning.
External structure from a morphological point of view: