英语专业词汇学课件word-formation IV
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Wordformation英语构词法课件下载
Word formation 英语构词法课件一、教学内容二、教学目标1. 理解词根、词缀的概念，掌握常见的词缀及其意义；2. 学会运用词根、词缀进行词汇推导，扩大词汇量；3. 提高英语阅读、写作能力，增强语言运用技巧。
三、教学难点与重点难点：1. 常见词缀的识别与应用；2. 词汇推导过程中的逻辑思维。
重点：1. 词根、词缀的概念及其作用；2. 英语构词法的实际应用。
四、教具与学具准备1. PPT课件：包含词根、词缀的例词、图片等；2. 教学黑板：用于板书；3. 学生笔记本：记录重要知识点；4. 词汇卡片：用于随堂练习。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一组具有相同词根的单词，引导学生发现词根、词缀在词汇学习中的作用；2. 讲解：详细讲解词根、词缀的概念、常见词缀及其意义；3. 例题讲解：分析典型例题，展示如何运用词根、词缀推导词汇；4. 随堂练习：学生根据所学知识，尝试推导新词汇；6. 作业布置：布置课后作业，巩固所学知识。
六、板书设计1. 板书Word Formation English wordbuilding methods2. 主要内容：词根、词缀的概念；常见前缀、后缀及其意义；词汇推导方法；实例展示。
七、作业设计1. 作业题目：b. 根据所学词根、词缀，推导出5个新词汇，并给出简要解释。
2. 答案：Happy → Unhappy（前缀“un”表示否定）Do → Undo（前缀“un”表示否定）Bind → Unbind（前缀“un”表示否定）Cover → Uncover（前缀“un”表示否定）八、课后反思及拓展延伸拓展延伸：引导学生关注其他语言中的构词法，如法语、德语等，了解不同语言之间的构词特点，提高跨文化交际能力。
重点和难点解析1. 教学难点与重点的识别；2. 教学过程中的例题讲解；3. 作业设计中的词汇推导；4. 课后反思及拓展延伸的实践应用。
一、教学难点与重点的识别在英语构词法的教学中，识别并明确难点和重点是至关重要的。
4构词法wordformationPPT课件
2020年9月28日
2
cide = kill; cut suicide 自杀 insecticide 杀虫剂
confid = trust confidential 机密的 confide 吐露(秘密) confidant 密友 知己 cred = trust; belief
credit 信用；信任 incredible 难以置信的 credulous 轻信的
meter/metri = measure thermometer 温度计 gas-meter
2020年9月28日
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mit /miss = send
emit 放射
vomit 呕吐
dismiss 开除，解散
transmission 播送，传送 promise 许诺
nomin = name
nominal 名义上 nominate 提名
fin = end; limit final最后的 infinite 无限的
define 限定，下定义
2020年9月28日
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flect/flex = bend
reflect 反射，反映 flexible 易弯曲的
flu = flow
influence 影响
fluent 流利
fluid 流动的；液，流体
liter = letter
literature 文学 illiterate 文盲
literal 按照词的本意的；直译的
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loc = place location 地点 allocate 分配 local
lumi = light; bright illuminate 照明
magni = big; great magnificent 宏大的
新编英语词汇学教程 第二版 Chapter 4 Word Formation
Chapter 4
Word Formation
CONTENT
1
Introduction
2 Root, stem and affix
3 Inflection and derivation
4
Ordinary processes of word formation
5
Other processes of word formation
4.2 Root, stem and affix
• A free root is one which can stand alone as a word such as help, care and walk. Nevertheless, there are some roots that can not stand alone but combine with other morphemes to form words, such as -ceive in receive and conceive, -mit in permit and submit, -tain in retain and maintain, and -cur in incur and occur. Elements like -ceive, -mit, -tain, and -cur are all roots, but they are meaningless independent of other morphemes,and such roots are called bound roots. Bound roots are limited in number as opposed to free roots, but they are useful to enrich our the vocabulary.
Word Formation
CONTENT
1
Introduction
2 Root, stem and affix
3 Inflection and derivation
4
Ordinary processes of word formation
5
Other processes of word formation
4.2 Root, stem and affix
• A free root is one which can stand alone as a word such as help, care and walk. Nevertheless, there are some roots that can not stand alone but combine with other morphemes to form words, such as -ceive in receive and conceive, -mit in permit and submit, -tain in retain and maintain, and -cur in incur and occur. Elements like -ceive, -mit, -tain, and -cur are all roots, but they are meaningless independent of other morphemes,and such roots are called bound roots. Bound roots are limited in number as opposed to free roots, but they are useful to enrich our the vocabulary.
英语词汇学chapter3-4 word-formation
– The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts.
• E.g.: Home + work homework; Pick + pocket pickpocket
– conversion (10.5%) – composition or compounding (27%)
5
• Root, stem, base
– A root is a form that is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.
3
Inflectional morphology
… suffix in English … in Chinese?
Morphology (word-formation)
compounding
word-formation (derivation)
derivation
affixation: prefix & suffix
Chapter Three & Four
WORD-FORMATION
1
Contents
• An overview • Three major processes
– compounding, derivation and conversinym, clipping, blending, words from proper names, back-formation, reduplication, neo-classical formation and miscellaneous
• E.g.: Home + work homework; Pick + pocket pickpocket
– conversion (10.5%) – composition or compounding (27%)
5
• Root, stem, base
– A root is a form that is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.
3
Inflectional morphology
… suffix in English … in Chinese?
Morphology (word-formation)
compounding
word-formation (derivation)
derivation
affixation: prefix & suffix
Chapter Three & Four
WORD-FORMATION
1
Contents
• An overview • Three major processes
– compounding, derivation and conversinym, clipping, blending, words from proper names, back-formation, reduplication, neo-classical formation and miscellaneous
英语词汇学 unit4 Major Process of Word Formation ppt
Derivational affixes may have more than one meaning. e.g. de 1. to undo what has been done, to reverse the action of decentralize, decode 2. to remove: to debone 3. to reduce: devalue
free = free root morpheme bound root bound inflectional affixes (suffixes) affixes (prefixes) derivational affixes (suffixes)
Allomorphs（词素变体）
Definition: different variants of a morpheme Allomorphs can be phonologically or morphologicaBiblioteka ly conditioned.
10 words from each group with Chinese meaning
Teaching Outline
Basic morphological 形态学的 concepts:
Morpheme. Root Stem
词素
Preffixation Suffixation Compounding 复合法
Chapter 4
Major Process of Word Formation
Presentations and assignments
1. Make sure the meaning of words with affixes indicating the following categories:
英语词汇学之构词法ppt课件
大学英语语法之构词
讲解人 杨姗姗
.
构词法概述
目 构词法细则
录 构词法例词
.
构词法(WORD-FORMATION)
派生法
主
合成法
要
转化法
构
词
பைடு நூலகம்
缩略法
法
逆向法
混合法
3
.
派生法(DERIVATION)
一、概念 由词缀和词根结合构成单词。
二、方法 1. 加在前 unhappy 2. 加在后 actor 3. 既加前又加后 disagreement
9
.
常见后缀2—形容词后缀
后缀
-able -al -an -ant -ed -en -ent -ic
.
例词
valuable, miserable, comfortable, loveable… national, original, cultural, logical… American, African, Korean, Canadian… important, pleasant, ignorant, tolerant… excited, interested, worried, bored… woolen, golden, wooden, earthen… different, dependent, existent, consistent… realistic, poetic, historic, economic…
-y
rainy, windy, dirty, cloudy…
7
.
常见后缀1—名词后缀
后缀
-an -ance -ation -dom -ence -er -ese -ess -hood -ian
讲解人 杨姗姗
.
构词法概述
目 构词法细则
录 构词法例词
.
构词法(WORD-FORMATION)
派生法
主
合成法
要
转化法
构
词
பைடு நூலகம்
缩略法
法
逆向法
混合法
3
.
派生法(DERIVATION)
一、概念 由词缀和词根结合构成单词。
二、方法 1. 加在前 unhappy 2. 加在后 actor 3. 既加前又加后 disagreement
9
.
常见后缀2—形容词后缀
后缀
-able -al -an -ant -ed -en -ent -ic
.
例词
valuable, miserable, comfortable, loveable… national, original, cultural, logical… American, African, Korean, Canadian… important, pleasant, ignorant, tolerant… excited, interested, worried, bored… woolen, golden, wooden, earthen… different, dependent, existent, consistent… realistic, poetic, historic, economic…
-y
rainy, windy, dirty, cloudy…
7
.
常见后缀1—名词后缀
后缀
-an -ance -ation -dom -ence -er -ese -ess -hood -ian
初升高英语衔接课4-words-formation
Read the following words and see how are they formed?
showcases = show + case + s breakthroughs = break + through + s bioengineering = bio + engineer + ing outstanding = out + stand + ing enable = en + able indirectly = in + direct + ly strengthened = strength + en + ed
合成法即是两个词合成一个新词的方法. 名词+名词 silkworm 蚕 bloodtest 验血 形容词+名词double-dealer 两面派 shorthand 速记 动名词+名词waiting-room候车室 sleeping-pills安眠药 动词+名词 pickpocket 扒手 break-water 防水堤 名词+动名词 handwriting 书法sun-bathing 日光浴 动词+副词get-together 联欢会break-through 突破 副词+动词downfall 垮台outbreak 爆发
谢谢观赏
I pour some water in the pot.
His argument contains too many ifs and buts. This book is a must for students of English. Have you considered the why and how of the plan?
Word Formation构词法课件-2024届高考英语一轮复习
triangle（三角形）, tricolor
semicircle（半圆）; semifinal （半决赛）;
multi-national; multi-media; multi-cultural
Number
前缀 含义
mini- little
overextra-
excessive过
于
(beyond 超出范围...以外)
time and order
Locative
前缀
含义
例词
trans from one place to translate,transport inter- abnetowtheeern,among international; internet
ex-
out
export, exit
fore front part of
pre-reading, pre-prepared, preadolescent
midnight, midsummer, midautumn
前缀
re-
exfore post
pre-
mid-
含义
例词
again, back rewrite;remarry,rethink
former
ex-husband; ex-lover
leadership; friendship; ownership
mouthful; handful; spoonful;glassful socialism; materialism
refusal; arrival; approval;
Adj. 后缀 -al -an -ern -able
-ful
-ish -ive
semicircle（半圆）; semifinal （半决赛）;
multi-national; multi-media; multi-cultural
Number
前缀 含义
mini- little
overextra-
excessive过
于
(beyond 超出范围...以外)
time and order
Locative
前缀
含义
例词
trans from one place to translate,transport inter- abnetowtheeern,among international; internet
ex-
out
export, exit
fore front part of
pre-reading, pre-prepared, preadolescent
midnight, midsummer, midautumn
前缀
re-
exfore post
pre-
mid-
含义
例词
again, back rewrite;remarry,rethink
former
ex-husband; ex-lover
leadership; friendship; ownership
mouthful; handful; spoonful;glassful socialism; materialism
refusal; arrival; approval;
Adj. 后缀 -al -an -ern -able
-ful
-ish -ive
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There are several ways of shortening English words as follows:
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping Blending
English Lexicology(II)
3
I. Acronymy
1.1 Initialisms 1.2 Acronyms
ad biz coke champ demob Doc Gas gent
English Lexicology(II)
19
Give clippings for the following words
hippopotamus information laboratory lavatory mathematics mechanic
English Lexicology(II)
22
1.2.icycle) / trike (= tricycle )/ cric (= critic) / Frisco (=San Francisco
1.2.6 Some clipped words are used only in journalism
English Lexicology(II)
10
Some acronyms are formed with the intial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second.
N-bomb D-Notice G-man D-day V-day
Word-formation IV
The Minor Processes
Important Points
I. Abbreviation/Shortening
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping: Blending
II. Back-formation III. Reduplication IV. Analogue V. Words from Proper Nouns
17
1.2.1 Back Clipping
The shortening may occur at the end of the word, sometimes with an addition of -o, -y, or -i.e.,
picture Poliomyelitis Professional Rhinoceros stereophonic
1) non-technical: O.K. (= all correct) / VIP (very important person) 2) borrowings: AD (= L. Anno Domini)
English Lexicology(II)
5
3) proper nouns: U.S.A. / OPEC (=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) / IBM (=International Business Machines Corporation)
Gov’t (= government); Int’l (= International); Dep’t (= department); H’kong(=HongKong); S’pore (=Singapore
English Lexicology(II)
23
1.2.1 Phrase Clipping
15
Give clippings for the following words
influenza business parachute refrigerator taxicab
flu biz chute fridge taxi or cab
English Lexicology(II)
Clipped words are generally used in less formal situations than their full-length equivalents: they indicate an attitude of familiarity on the part of the user, either towards the object denoted, or towards the audience.
English Lexicology(II)
2
I. The Introduction of Shortening
When new words are formed by compounding or affixation, the result is of course a longer unit. Shortening is contrary to the tend of compounding or affixation.
hippo info lab lav math mec
English Lexicology(II)
20
Give clippings for the following words
ammunition conscious objector television Australian recruit trigonometry umpire veterinarian
Nuclear bomb Defense Notice Government man Decimalization day Victory day
English Lexicology(II)
12
II. Clipping
This term refers to the process by which a word of two or more syllables (usually a noun) is shortened without a change in its function taking place. Advertisement, examination, gymnasium, laboratory, photograph. professor, all have commonly-used clipped forms: ad or advert, exam, gym, lab, photo, Prof.
English Lexicology(II)
9
1.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. Most of the words are from the name of an organization or scientific terms
ammo conchy telly Aussie rookie trig ump vet
English Lexicology(II)
21
2.2.3 Front Clipping
bus (= omnibus) / bo (= hobo) / chute (=parachute) / coon (=raccoon) / copter (= helicopter) / dozer (=bulldozer) / mum (=chrysanthemum) / phone (= telephone) / quake (=earthquake) 1.2.4 front and back clippings flu (= influenza) / fridge (=refrigerator) / tec (=detective) / scrip (=subscription)/ vic (=convict)
English Lexicology(II)
14
Give clippings for the following words
gymnasium dormitory handkerchief gasoline kilogram
gym dorm hanky Gas kilo
English Lexicology(II)
English Lexicology(II)
4
1.1 Initialims
Initialisms are words formed from the initial letters of words which are pronounced as sequences of letters e.g., EEC. Acronyms are also formed from the initial letters of words, but are pronounced as a word, e.g. radar (radio detecting and ranging).
English Lexicology(II)
8
Write out in full the following initialisms
IDD GMT VIP P.S. a.m. p.m.
international direct dial Greenwich Mean Time very important person postscript ante meridiem post meridiem
16
2.2 Types of Clipping
Back Clippings/Apocope Front Clippings/Aphaeresis Front and back Clippings Middle Clippings/Syncope Phrase Clipping
English Lexicology(II)
English Lexicology(II)
7
Write out in full the following initialisms
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping Blending
English Lexicology(II)
3
I. Acronymy
1.1 Initialisms 1.2 Acronyms
ad biz coke champ demob Doc Gas gent
English Lexicology(II)
19
Give clippings for the following words
hippopotamus information laboratory lavatory mathematics mechanic
English Lexicology(II)
22
1.2.icycle) / trike (= tricycle )/ cric (= critic) / Frisco (=San Francisco
1.2.6 Some clipped words are used only in journalism
English Lexicology(II)
10
Some acronyms are formed with the intial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second.
N-bomb D-Notice G-man D-day V-day
Word-formation IV
The Minor Processes
Important Points
I. Abbreviation/Shortening
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping: Blending
II. Back-formation III. Reduplication IV. Analogue V. Words from Proper Nouns
17
1.2.1 Back Clipping
The shortening may occur at the end of the word, sometimes with an addition of -o, -y, or -i.e.,
picture Poliomyelitis Professional Rhinoceros stereophonic
1) non-technical: O.K. (= all correct) / VIP (very important person) 2) borrowings: AD (= L. Anno Domini)
English Lexicology(II)
5
3) proper nouns: U.S.A. / OPEC (=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) / IBM (=International Business Machines Corporation)
Gov’t (= government); Int’l (= International); Dep’t (= department); H’kong(=HongKong); S’pore (=Singapore
English Lexicology(II)
23
1.2.1 Phrase Clipping
15
Give clippings for the following words
influenza business parachute refrigerator taxicab
flu biz chute fridge taxi or cab
English Lexicology(II)
Clipped words are generally used in less formal situations than their full-length equivalents: they indicate an attitude of familiarity on the part of the user, either towards the object denoted, or towards the audience.
English Lexicology(II)
2
I. The Introduction of Shortening
When new words are formed by compounding or affixation, the result is of course a longer unit. Shortening is contrary to the tend of compounding or affixation.
hippo info lab lav math mec
English Lexicology(II)
20
Give clippings for the following words
ammunition conscious objector television Australian recruit trigonometry umpire veterinarian
Nuclear bomb Defense Notice Government man Decimalization day Victory day
English Lexicology(II)
12
II. Clipping
This term refers to the process by which a word of two or more syllables (usually a noun) is shortened without a change in its function taking place. Advertisement, examination, gymnasium, laboratory, photograph. professor, all have commonly-used clipped forms: ad or advert, exam, gym, lab, photo, Prof.
English Lexicology(II)
9
1.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. Most of the words are from the name of an organization or scientific terms
ammo conchy telly Aussie rookie trig ump vet
English Lexicology(II)
21
2.2.3 Front Clipping
bus (= omnibus) / bo (= hobo) / chute (=parachute) / coon (=raccoon) / copter (= helicopter) / dozer (=bulldozer) / mum (=chrysanthemum) / phone (= telephone) / quake (=earthquake) 1.2.4 front and back clippings flu (= influenza) / fridge (=refrigerator) / tec (=detective) / scrip (=subscription)/ vic (=convict)
English Lexicology(II)
14
Give clippings for the following words
gymnasium dormitory handkerchief gasoline kilogram
gym dorm hanky Gas kilo
English Lexicology(II)
English Lexicology(II)
4
1.1 Initialims
Initialisms are words formed from the initial letters of words which are pronounced as sequences of letters e.g., EEC. Acronyms are also formed from the initial letters of words, but are pronounced as a word, e.g. radar (radio detecting and ranging).
English Lexicology(II)
8
Write out in full the following initialisms
IDD GMT VIP P.S. a.m. p.m.
international direct dial Greenwich Mean Time very important person postscript ante meridiem post meridiem
16
2.2 Types of Clipping
Back Clippings/Apocope Front Clippings/Aphaeresis Front and back Clippings Middle Clippings/Syncope Phrase Clipping
English Lexicology(II)
English Lexicology(II)
7
Write out in full the following initialisms