英语词汇学课堂ppt
初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (3)
2. Biblio = book Bibliofilm = biLeabharlann lio- + film（交卷）
微缩胶卷 Bibliography = biblio- + -graphy（书，画）
参考书目，文献
Bibliology = biblio- + -logy(学科） 目录学，圣经学
生物合成
Bioclean 无菌的 Bioclimatic 生物气候的
4. Brev = Short
Brevity = brev- + -ity(n) = 简洁，简明
Brevirostrate= brev- +i + rostrate(有喙的 短喙的
Abbreviate = ab-(加强）+ brev- +i + -ate(v.使成为）缩短
5. Brig = Fight
Brigand = brig- + -and(n. 对象 ）土匪 Brigandish= brigand+ -ish(adj, …似的）
土匪般的
Brigandage=brigand+ -age(n.行为，动作） 土匪行为，抢劫
Brigade 旅，帮， 伙 Brigadier 准将 Brigantine 双桅帆船
1. Bell
= War
Bellcose = bell- + cose(交谈）
好斗的，好争辩的
Bellicism= bell- +-ic(adj.属于的）+ -ism
好战性，好战倾向
Belligerent = bell- + i + -ger(携带）+ -ent （adj.性质，状态）好斗的，交战的 Belligerent country 交战国
英语词汇ppt课件
Ultimately improve your receptive and productive skills in language processing as well as language production.
“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”
“…there is a sense in which learning a foreign language is basically a matter of learning the vocabulary of that language. Not being able to find the words to express yourself is the most frustrating experience in speaking another language.”
English Lexicology(I)
14
1.2 Aims and Significance of the Course
The significance of the course
Develop your personal vocabulary and consciously increase your word power (active vocabulary).
English Lexicology(I)
初中英语词汇学精美课件pp t(1)
equity equit-平等+ -y 名词后缀
n. 公平，公正
equivocal
equi-平等+ -voc 声音→主张 + -al ……的 adj.意义模糊的 有歧义的
equilateral
equi-平等+-lateral侧面的
adj.（三角形）等边的
eu=good 好，优
词后缀
adj.协调的 韵律体操的
ev=time时间
medieval adj. 中世纪的 古老的 primeval adj. 原始的 longevity
long-长+-ev 时间+-ity名词后缀 n.长寿 →adj. longevous
coeval
co-共同的+-ev时间+-al形容词后缀 adj. 同时代的,同年龄的
Ed=eat (吃)
edible ed- 吃 + -ible 可……的
可以食用的acity ed-吃+ -acity名词后缀 （有…… 倾向的）
n.贪婪，贪食，狼吞虎咽 edacious adj.贪吃的
equivalent adj.相等的 等值的 equate v. 使相等 使平等对待
fable n.寓言 fabulist n.寓言作家 说谎者 fabulous
adj.寓言中的 传说的；极好的； 惊人的
fab=fable(寓言）→说
Confab con-前缀 表示“一起 ”+-fab说 n.| Vi.交谈，闲谈
Confabulate Vi. 谈论，虚谈 虚构
eugenics ed- 优+ -gen 产生+ -ics 学科
英语词汇学课件Chapter 1
CHAPTER 11. Which of the following is NOT true?A. A word is the smallest form of a language.B. A word is a sound unity.C. A word has a given meaning.D. A word can be used freely in a sentence.2. The differences between sound and form are NOT due to __________.A. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English.B. stabilization of spelling by printing.C. influence of the work of scribes.D. innovations made by linguists.3. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important isA. all national character.B. productivity.C. polysemy.D. collocability.4. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of __________.A. soundsB. meaningC. formD. function5. A word is a __________ that stands for something else in the world.A. symbolB. systemC. structureD. pattern6. A word is__________ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. a smallest formB. a minimal free formC. a constituent formD. a separate part7. __________ comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language (2) a sound unity (3 ) a unit of meaning (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.A. Not every wordB. Each wordC. Some of wordsD. Most of words8. We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the __________ form.A. writtenB. practicalC. oralD. Grammatical9. The reason for that more and more differences occur between sound and form is that the English alphabet was adopted from the__________.A. PacificsB. GermanicsC. CelticsD. Romans10. In different language, the same concept can be represented by and the same sound can show __________.A. different sounds; different meaningsB. same sounds; different meaningsC. different sounds; same meaningsD. same sounds; same meanings11. The internal reason for the difference between sound and form is __________.A. stabilization of quelling by printingB. the fact of more phonemes than letters in EnglishC. influence of the work of scribesD. innovations made by linguists12. In old English sound and form are __________.A. differentB. not the sameC. consistent greatlyD. inconsistent greatly13. Which is not the reason for the disagreement between sound and form?A. The early scribes created some differences between sound and form.B. The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling.C. The importance of government.D. The borrowing.14. In spite of the differences, at least __________ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A. sixtyB. seventyC. eightyD. ninety15. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over __________ words.A. one billionB. two millionC. two billionD. one million16. If we classify English words by use frequency, the two types of words are __________.A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabularyB. content words and functional wordsC. native words and borrowed wordsD. functional and notional words17. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT __________.A. notionB. use frequency.C. foundationD. origin18. Words may fall into content words and functional words by __________,A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. stability19. Usually words of the basic word stock are supposed to have obvious _________characteristics.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six20. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the basic word stock?A. Polysemy.B. Colloquialism.C. Productivity.D. Stability.21. __________prefers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. ArgotC. JargonD. Archaism22. Nonbasic vocabulary includes __________.A. argot and jargonB. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above23. Which category do the following words fall into: photo-scanning, trigonometry, sonata and audiovisual?A. Neologism.B. Jargon.C. Terminology.D. Slang.24. __________belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonsB. SlangsC. ArgotsD. Dialectal words25. __________are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. NeologismsB. ArchaismsC. native words and borrowed wordsD. functional words and notional words26. Newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings are __________.A. dialectal wordsB. jargonsC. argotsD. neologisms27. The expression "can-opener" , which means all-purpose key, belongs to __________.A. slangsB. terminologiesC. argotsD. archaisms28. Which of the following word is the neologism?A. cantB. persuaderC. chookD. E-mail29. __________are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotsB. SlangsC. JargonsD. Dialectal words30. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in __________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great31.| __________ constitute the main body of the English vocabulary.A. Functional wordsB. Content wordsC. NumeralsD. Pronouns32. Which types of words belong to functional words?A. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions.B. Adjectives, nouns, articles.C. Articles, prepositions, conjunctions.D. Verbs, pronouns, prepositions.33. Which of the following is not content word?A. fiveB. andC. earthD. never34. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as __________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal35. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called __________ words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. new36. Native words have __________ features.A. twoB. sevenC. fiveD. six37. Which are the features of native words?A. All national characters.B. Neutral in style.C. Frequent in use.D. All the above.38. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly __________.A. colloquialB. informalC. formalD. slangy39. The characteristic of native words is __________.A. neutral in style C. formal in styleB. informal in style D. slangy in style40. Native words are characterized with __________.A. high slang feature in styleB. high argot feature in useC. high markedness in styleD. high frequency in use41. __________ is estimated that English borrowings constitute percent of the modern English vocabulary.A. 60B. 70C. 80D. 9042. Which of the following isn't the denizen?A. PortB. CupC. DécorD. Shirt43. Which of the following isn't the alien?A. DecorB. BazaarC. ShiftD. Emir44. Which of the following doesn't belong to the translation-loans?A. Mother tongue.B. Long time no see.C. Black humour.D. Status quo.45. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.46. The words “kow-tow” in English is called an alien word because _________.A. it is a newly-created word from another language.B. it has been assimilated into the English languageC. it has undergone a semantic changeD. it has retained its original pronunciation47. Which of the following belongs to the semantic-loans?A. ChangeB. PorkC. DreamD. Tea48. _________ is the most important of all characteristics of the basicA. ProductivityB. StabilityC. CollocabilityD. All national character49. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except _________.A. slangB. Anglo-Saxon wordsC. argotsD. neologisms50. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _________.A. content words and functional wordsB. native words and borrowed wordsC. basic words and dialectal wordsD. loan words and dialectal words51. Borrowings can be divided into _________.A. aliens, semantic loans, translation loans, denizensB. empty words, notional words, form words, content wordsC. blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initialismsD. derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words52. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely _________.A. productivity and stabilityB. neutrality in style and high frequency in useC. collocability and polysemyD. formality and arbitrariness53. The word beaver (meaning "girl") is _________.A. a dialectal wordB. argotC an archaism D. slang54. AIDS as a nonbasic word is _________.A. jargonB. an archaismC. a neologismD. slang55. Form words include the following word classes except _________.A. conjunctionsB. auxiliariesC. prepositionsD. adjectives56. V ocabulary can refer to the following except _________.A. the total number of the words in a languageB. all the words used in a particular historical periodC. all the words of a given dialectD. most words a person knows57. Kimono is a loan word from _________.A. GermanB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Japanese58. _________ form the mainstream of the basic word stock.A. Anglo-Saxon wordsB. French wordsC. Danish wordsD. Latin words59. Black humour is _________.A. a translation loanB. a semantic loanC. a denizenD. an alien60. Pronouns and numerals are semantically _________ and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability61. Indigestion is _________.A. jargonB. slangC. terminologyD. an archaism62. By _________, words fall into functional words and content words.A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. word formation63. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always _________.A. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional64. _________ are loan words that have become assimilated in English.A. DenizensB. Semantic loansC. Translation loansD. Aliens65. Smoky, which means "police", is a(n) _________ word.A. slangB. argotC. loanD. jargon66. Wherein which means "in what" is a(n) _________ word.A. slangB. archaicC. functionalD. dialectal67. The difference between sound and form due to all the following except _________.A. more phonemes than lettersB. stabilization of spelling by printingC. change of spelling by early scribesD. development of pronunciation68. A word is _________ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. a smallest formB. a minimal free formC. a constituent formD. a separate part69. In different languages, the same concept can be represented by _________ and the same sound can show _________.A. different sounds/different meaningsB. the same sounds/different meaningsC. different sounds/the same meaningsD. the same sounds/the same meanings70. The internal reason for the difference between sound and form is _________.A. stabilization of spelling by printingB. the fact of more phonemes than letters in EnglishC. influence of the work of scribesD. innovations made by linguists71. In old English sound and form are _________.A. differentB. not the sameC. consistent greatlyD. inconsistent greatly72. Which is not the reason for the disagreement between sound and form?A. the early scribes created some differences between sound and formsB. the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingC. the importance of governmentD. the borrowing73. The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is _________.A. logicalB. arbitrary, conventionalC. predictableD. objective74. In spite of the disagreement between sound and form, _________ of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A. only thirty percentB. at least seventy percentC. at least eighty percentD. sixty percent75. The words of the basic word stock constitute _________ of the English vocabulary.A. a small percentageB. a large percentageC. fifty percentD. ninety percent76. _________ is the most important of all features of basic words.A. StabilityB. ProductivityC. PolysemyD. All national character77. Words may fall into the basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary by _________.A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. meaning78. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the basic word stock?A. polysemyB. ColloquialismC. productivityD. stability79. Non-basic vocabulary includes _________.A. argot and jargonB. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above80. _________ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. Neologisms B- ArchaismsC. JargonD. Terminology81. Newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings are _________.A. dialectal wordsB. jargonC. argotD. neologisms82. The expression "can-opener" , which means all-purpose key, belongs to _________.A. slangB. terminologyC. argotD. archaisms83. Which category do the following words fall into: photoscanning, trigonometry, sonata and audiovisual?A. NeologismsB. JargonC. TerminologyD. Slang84. Which of the following is neologisms?A. cockyB. E-mailC. aughtD. symphony85. By _________, words can be grouped into content words and functional words.A usage B. originC. notionD. Feature86. Which types of words belong to functional words?A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctionsB. adjectives, nouns, articlesC. articles, prepositions, conjunctionsD. verbs, pronouns, prepositions87. Which of the following is not content word?A. fiveB. andC. earthD. never88. Functional words are also called _________ words.A. basicB. borrowedC. emptyD. Compound89. Which of the following words is a functional word?A. alwaysB. neverC. thoughD. table90. As far as the origins of the words are concerned, English words can be classified into _________and _________.A. native words, borrowed wordsB. basic words, non-basic wordsC. content words, functional wordsD. formal words, informal words91. Native words have _________ features.A. twoB. sevenC. fiveD. six92. Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by _________ tribes.A. CeltsB. GermanC. NorwegianD. French93. Which are the features of native words?A. all national characterB. neutral in styleC. frequent in useD. all the above94. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly _________.A. colloquialB. informalC. formalD. slang95. Loan words can be divided into four classes: _________.A. Translation-loans, Denizens, Jargon and Semantic-loansB. Denizens, Translation-loans, Aliens and Semantic-loansC. Denizens, Collocation, Aliens and Translation-loansD. Denizens, Aliens, Jargon and Translation-loans96. _________ are words borrowed early in the past and now well-assimilated into English language.A. DenizensB. AliensC. Translation-loansD. Semantic-loans97. If we classify English words by use frequency, the two types of words are __________.A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabularyB. content words and functional wordsC. native words and borrowed wordsD. functional words and notional words98. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into __________ of words.A. the lexical and grammar meaningsB. the origins and meaningsC. only the originsD. only the meanings99. According to the textbook, the general estimate of the present- day English vocabulary is over __________.A.10,000,000B. 20,000,000C.1,000,000D. 2,000,000100. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT __________.A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin101. Words of the basic word stock are characterized withA. polysemy, productivity, collocability, hyponymy and antonymyB. collocability, all national character, productivity, stability, and hyponymyC. productivity, polysemy, stability, collocability and antonymD. all national character, stability, polysemy, productivity and collocabilitv102. The criteria of words include __________.A. all national characterB. a cluster of lettersC. sound unityD. multisyllable103. The characteristics of native words include __________.A. neutral in styleB. formal in styleC. informal in styleD. slangy in style104. __________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. MorphologyC. EtymologyD. Stylistics105. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as __________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal106. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly __________.A. colloquialB. informalC. slangyD. formal107. Semantics is the study of meanings of different __________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic108. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on __________ meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good109. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called __________ word, Preposition, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. new110. Which of the following characteristics of the basic; word stock the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others?A. Stability.B. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. All national character.111. The word "kowtow" in English is called an alien word because __________.A. it is a newly-created word from another languageB. it has been assimilated into the English languageC. it has undergone a semantic changeD. it has retained its original pronunciation and spelling112. Which of the following words is a functional word?A. Five.B. Never.C. But.D. Desk1. A word is a _________ free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. There is no _________ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.3. The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is _________.4. Prepositions, conjunctions, _________ and articles all belong to functional words.Mm5. All the words in a language make up its _________.6. According to the degree of _________ and _________ of borrowings, we can bring the loan-words under four classes.7. The basic word stock is the _________ of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries.8. Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from _________ in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.9. _________ are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.10. There are four types of borrowed words: _________, aliens, translation-loans and semantic-loans.11. The expression of "Long time no see" is _________ among the four classes of borrowings.12. Slang is often used in _________ situations.13. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _________.14. Content words are changing all the time whereas _________ words are stable.15. By _________, words can be classified into native words and borrowed words.16. Native element refers to the words of _________ origin.17. The proportion of the use of native words is much _________ than that of borrowings.18. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are_______________.19. There is no ________________ relationship between sound and _________ as the connection between them is ____________ and conventional.20. _____________ are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English.21. Archaisms are words no longer in ____________ use or ___________ in use.22. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are __________. ____________ words enjoy a ______________ frequency in use than content words.23. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called __________.24. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, studying the origins and __________ of __________ words.25. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and __________function.26. In spite of the differences between sound and form, at least __________ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.27. All the words in a language make up its __________.28. The __________ word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language.29. By __________, begin is a native word.30. __________ vocabulary include cant, jargon and argot.31. There is no __________ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.32. __________ are basic units of sentences.33. Early borrowings are mostly __________ whereas later loan words remain foreign sound and spelling.33. The __________ approach in lexicology study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.34. Content words are changing all the time whereas __________ words are stable.35. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and __________.36. The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is __________.37. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited productivity and __________.38. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and __________.39. A word is a __________ free form that has a given sound, given and __________ functions.40. The relationship between __________ and __________ is arbitrary and conventional41. The basic word stock is the __________ of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries.42. Words can be grouped into content words and functional words by __________.43. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and __________.44. Functional words, which make up a very __________ number of the vocabulary, remain stable.45. Prepositions, conjunctions, __________ and articles all belong to functional words.46. Native element refers to the words of __________ origin.47. Native words are in style and __________ in use.48. The proportion of the use of native words is much than that of borrowings.49. According to the degree of __________ and __________ of borrowing, we can bring the loan¬words under four classes.50. Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from __________ in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.51. __________are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.52. There are four types of borrowed words: __________, aliens, translation-loans and semantic- loans.53. The expression of "Long time no see" is __________among the four classes of borrowings. ( ) 1. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.( ) 2. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.( ) 3. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) 4. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.( ) 5. The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.( ) 6. Native words are more popular than foreign words.( ) 7. Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.( ) 8. Auld (meaning "old") is an instance of archaism.( ) 9. Kowtow is a loan word known as an alien.( ) 10. Long time no see is a case of translation loan.( ) 11 A word is the minimal meaningful unit of a language.( ) 12. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary( ) 13. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related( ) 14. In different Languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.( ) 15. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) 16. The sound and form are consistent all the time.( ) 17. The work erf scribes is the internal reason for the differences between sound and( ) 18. All the words in a language make up its vocabulary.( ) 19. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.( ) 20. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one million words. ( ) 21. The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.( ) 22. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizen and productivity.( ) 23. The basic words can form new words with other roots and affixes, which refers to the productivity.( ) 24. Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning.( ) 25. Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.( ) 26. Content words are numerous and more frequendy used than functional words on average. ( ) 27. Native words are more popular than foreign words.( ) 28. Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.( ) 29. The expression of "mother tongue" from "lingua materna" is semantic-loan.Give a term for each of the following definitions.1. Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions. ( )2. Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions. ( )3. Words used by sub-cultural groups, particularly by underground society. ( )4. Words that have clear notions. ( )5. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin. ( )6. Words borrowed by way of translation. ( )7. Old words with new meanings. ( )8. Words which have become assimilated. ( )9. Native forms whose meanings are borrowed. ( )10. Words essential to native speakers' daily communication. ( )1. Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.2. What do you think of the following definitions of "word"?a) "... a sound or group of sounds that symbolizes a meaning and is viewed as not being capable of division into smaller independent units. "b) "Any sound or combination of sounds (or its written or printed symbol, customarily shown with a space on either side of it but none within it) forming meaningful element of speech, conveying an idea or alternative ideas, and capable of serving as a member of, the whole of, or a substitute for, a sentence." (COD)3. What are the criteria for classification of words? What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? Why do we say that native words are the core of the English?4. What are the characteristics of the English vocabulary as a result of its historical development?5. Why are there so many differences between sound and form?。
英语词汇学课件_第三讲 构词法2-复合法 转化法
复合法(Compounding)-语音
复合词的语音一般落在第一个词上面，如： ′blackboard 黑板 (vs. black ′board 黑色的板) ′English teacher 英语教师(vs. English ′teacher英国教师 ) ′shorthand 速记(vs. short ′hand钟表的短时针) ′greenhouse 温室 （vs. green ′house绿色的房子） the White House (vs. the white house) 如果词义主要在第二个词上，则后者要重读： ash-′blone(银灰的；淡褐色的) bottle-′green(深绿色) 但也有一些复合词有双重重音： ′short ′wave ′white- ′collar
复合动词
复合动词多由“副词+动词”构成的复合动词： cross-question offset outeat outgo outweigh withhold withstand overwhelm overthrow underwrite upgrade uphold 另一些由“形容词+动词”构成： ill-treat whitewash
复合法(Compounding)-书写形式
复合词在写法上一般有三种形式：连写式，松散式和连字符式。 连写式：basketball mailbox breakthrough outbreak chairman 松散式：general education secretary general (vs. general secretary) prime minister Dream Team 连字符（hyphen）式：short-handed snow-white (vs. Snow White) man-made four-legged 很多复合词的书写形式可以是以上三种中的任何一种，如： oilfield，oil field，oil-field（油田） hot dog， hotdog， hot-dog flower pot， flower-pot， flowerpot 不能凭感觉采用书写形式，而是要遵从语言习惯和规则，所以要掌握标准的书写方式，还需要经常查 阅词典。 一般来讲，英国英语比美国英语使用连字符更多，现在英语偏向于将复合词连写成一个词。如，英国 英语中的psycho-somatic（心身相关）的拼写，美国英语中成了psychosomatic的拼写。
初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (5)
Spec(i),spect,spic,specul=look(看)
• Spectacle=spect(看)+acle名词 后缀
• n.奇观，景象；光景，场面 • Specious=speci (看)+ous ...的. • a.华而不实的 • Speculate= specul (看)+ate动
词后缀 • v.推测，推断，投机
Spir=breathe(呼吸)
• Spirit=spir(呼吸)+it名词后缀 • n.精神，气概；情绪，心情
• Conspiracy=con(共同)+spir(呼 吸)+acy名词后缀
• n.同谋，Βιβλιοθήκη 谋• Perspire=per(贯穿，自始至 终)+spire
• v.出汗
• Aspire=a(加强)+spire（呼 吸）
• Soliloquy=sol+loqu说话 +y名词后缀
• n.自言自语
• Desolate=de(离 开)+sol+ate形容词后缀
• a. 荒废的，荒凉的
• Circumsolar a.环日的， 近日的
• Parasol n.太阳伞 • Solar a.太阳的，太阳光的
• Sol=sun(太阳)
• v.有抱负，立志做某事.
• Expire = ex（出） + pir(=spir)+e(动词后缀)
• v.期满；断气死亡
• Respire=re(一再)+spire • v.连续呼吸，透口气
• a.无所不知的
• Sophisticate=sophist( 诡辩家)+ic+ate(形容词后 缀，有...性质的)
初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (1)
• Altimeter
• (起连接作用) n.
•
（高度计）
• altimetry
•
(…学)
•
（测高学）
• Altitude (抽象n.后缀)
•
（高度）
•Exalt （高
向上
使…升高）v.
（ 提升，提拔）
• Alto (男高音)
•Contralto （contr-相反）
•
(女低音)
• Agrarian (adj.词缀)
•
（土地的）
• Agrimotor
•
（农用汽车，拖拉机）
• Agrobiology（生物学）
•
（农业生物学）
•Agronomy (…学)
•
（农业经济学）
•Agrotechny
•
（农产品加工学）
• Agrotype(类型）
•
（农业型）
• Alt=high(高）
（议程，日常工作事项）
Agile（易于…的）
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
（敏捷的）
enact in (正在表演)
（扮演）
• Transact
Through（通过，行得通）
•
•
（处理，执行交易行得通）
• Interact
• between ,among(交互作用)
•
（互相影响）
• agr, agri =field（田地，农业）
• Acouphone 仪器（与声音有关）
•
（助听器）
•Aer(o) ['εərəu] =air 空中, 航空
•Aerodrome [‘eərə,drəum] (飞机跑的
地方) |（ run）
初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (3)
phon =voice(声音)
otophone=oto(耳)+phon(声音)+e n. 助听器 stereophone=stereo(立体的)+phon(声
音)+e n. 立体声 megaphone n. 扩音器
phob(ia)= fear (怕)
photophobia = photo(光)+phob(怕) +ia(名词后缀) n. 恐光症
hydrophobia = hydro(水)+phob(怕)+ia 恐水症
• xenophobia = xeno(外国 人)+phob(怕)+ia
• 对外国人的无理仇视或畏惧，仇外
国际都市
cosmopolitanism [kɔzmə'pɔlitənizəm] =cosmo(世 界)+polit(城) +an(……的)+ism(主义)
世界大同主义
megalopolis [meɡə'lɔpəlis ] =megalo(特 大)+polis(都市)
特大都市
port=拿，带，运 portable=port(拿，带)+able(可……
euphonious=eu(优美)+phon(声 音)+ious(......的) adj. 悦耳的，好听的
cacophonous=caco(差)+phon(声 音)+ous(……的) adj. 发音不和谐的
dysphonia=dys(困难)+ phon(声音，发 音)+ia n. 言语障碍，发音困难
初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (13)
efficient (adj.)
working well,ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱuickly and without wasting time or energy 高效率的，效率高的
eg. a very efficient secretary
fatigue （n.）
accuse (v.)
to say that sb. has done sth. wrong or illegal 控告；谴责（某人）
eg. Don't accuse me of stealing from you. 别说我偷你东西。
谢谢观看~！
• mature (adj.)
1.physically, mentally, emotionally, etc, grownup 成熟的
eg. Be mature and stop acting as if you were a baby. 成熟点儿，别表现得像个孩子。
2.(of plans, theories, etc) fully considered 成熟的
refuse (v.)
1.to say firmly that you will not do or accept sth. 拒绝， 不接受
eg. The best thing is to refuse. 最明智的做法就是拒绝。 2. to not give or allow sb. sth. that they want.拒绝（给某
eg. We should upbuild mature system of law and statute. 我们应该建立完备的法律、法规体系。
effective （adj.）
初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (1)
F. He quotes them extensively nevertheless, together with other equally suspect evidence, because otherwise he would have no straw with which to make his bricks.
E. They four had one likeness： their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of the wheel.
wheels within wheels: A situation which is difficult to understand because it involves complicated secret processes and decisions.错 综复杂；盘根错节
B. Fleur’s head was lost in the tool—box, but her voice was heard saying：“too many cooks, better let me.”
too many cooks spoil the broth: பைடு நூலகம்f too many peoples are involved in doing something, it will not be done well. 厨师多了烧坏汤；人 多手杂反坏事；人多添乱
have a finger in many pie: To be involved in a lot of different
activities and have influence over