英语词汇学ppt课件

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初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (2)

初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (2)
141.Sci :知,知识
Science=sci(知识)+ence(抽象名词后缀) n :科学 Conscious=con(加强意义)+sci(知,知
道)+ous(adj后缀) Adj:有知觉的,有意识的 Conscience=con(共同,完全)+sci(知识,
知道)+ence(抽象名词后缀) N: 良心,道德 Subconscious=sub(under)+con+sci+ous Adj:潜意识的,下意识的
145 simil,simul 相似的,相同 的
Assimilate=as(加强语气) +simil+ate(v后缀)
Vt,vi吸收,同化 Dissimilate=dis(表否定)+simil+ate Vt,vi 变得不同 Verisimilar=veri(真实)+simil+ar
142:sec,sequ:follow 跟随
Persecute=per(一直)+sec+ute(v后 缀)
V:迫害 Consecutive=con(一起)
+sec+utive Adj:连续的,连贯的 Sequence=sequ+ence N:先后顺序 V:按顺序排列
Consequence=con (一起)+sequ+ence
(…的) Adj好像真实的
Simulate=simul+ate Vt模仿,假装 Adj模仿的,假装的 Facsimile=fac(作)+simil N摹写
Simultaneous=simul+aneous Adj同时发生的

词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件

词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件

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3. Native words and borrowed words 本族语词和外来语词
Native words / Angle-Saxon words
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are native
words. They form the great majority of the
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Another important characteristic is that function words belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, in comparison to content words. The total number of functional words is about 154. They are stable; they do not come and go with changing fashions and ideas.
basic word stock of the English language.
The basic word stock is the foundation of the
vocabulary accumulated over a number of
epochs. Most native words in modern
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What causes the differences between sound and form?
➢ 1) More morphemes than letters, ➢ 2) Stabilization of spelling, ➢ 3) Deliberate change of spelling by

初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (3)

初中英语词汇学精美课件ppt (3)
Belligerency = 交战,好战状态
2. Biblio = book Bibliofilm = biLeabharlann lio- + film(交卷)
微缩胶卷 Bibliography = biblio- + -graphy(书,画)
参考书目,文献
Bibliology = biblio- + -logy(学科) 目录学,圣经学
生物合成
Bioclean 无菌的 Bioclimatic 生物气候的
4. Brev = Short
Brevity = brev- + -ity(n) = 简洁,简明
Brevirostrate= brev- +i + rostrate(有喙的 短喙的
Abbreviate = ab-(加强)+ brev- +i + -ate(v.使成为)缩短
5. Brig = Fight
Brigand = brig- + -and(n. 对象 )土匪 Brigandish= brigand+ -ish(adj, …似的)
土匪般的
Brigandage=brigand+ -age(n.行为,动作) 土匪行为,抢劫
Brigade 旅,帮, 伙 Brigadier 准将 Brigantine 双桅帆船
1. Bell
= War
Bellcose = bell- + cose(交谈)
好斗的,好争辩的
Bellicism= bell- +-ic(adj.属于的)+ -ism
好战性,好战倾向
Belligerent = bell- + i + -ger(携带)+ -ent (adj.性质,状态)好斗的,交战的 Belligerent country 交战国

英语词汇学 第八章课件详细版.ppt

英语词汇学 第八章课件详细版.ppt
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8.2 The Role of Context: 语境的作用
❖ 1.Elimination of Ambiguity. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and homonymy. 消除歧义。由于词的多义词和 同音同形异义性,歧义现象经常出现。
❖ Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity. 语法结构也会引起歧义。
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❖ 4) Synonymy.同义词关系 ❖ Synonyms or synonymous expressions
are frequently employed by authors to explain new words. 作家们频繁地使用同义词或同义词组来解释 新词 。
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❖ 5) Antonymy.反义关系 ❖ Contrasting words or statements are also
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8.2.2 Indication of Referents.限定所指
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8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning 提供推断词义的线索
❖ In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea. 在很多情形中,当一个新词(所谓的)第一 次出现时,作者一般会想方设法提供一些可 能帮助读者抓住概念或理解观点的暗示。

词汇学Word-Meaningppt课件

词汇学Word-Meaningppt课件
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(3).Social meaning: Based on: ①the social relationship between the
speakers;②the occasion;③the subject matter;④ the mode of speech;etc. eg: What’s your age? (对求职者)
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2.Lexical meaning:
(1).Denotative meaning: It is the central factor in linguistic communication. eg: chair → 椅子 mother → 母亲 man → 男人 woman → 女人 politician → 政客 blood → 血液 chicken → 小鸡 adumeaning: eg: chair → 官位 mother → love, care, tenderness man → 勇敢,强壮,责任心,大度 woman → 意志薄弱,爱流泪,多情善感 (Anyway,she is a woman.) politician → 欺诈,夸夸其谈 blood → 出身,亲情,民族 (Blood is thicker than water. He has Canadian blood) chicken → 懦弱,胆怯 adult → 责任
你吃了吗? (denotative meaning; connotative meaning)
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(4).Affective meaning: a.Interjections: Oh! Alas! Ouch! b.Approval and disapproval: mother, scholar, masterpiece, career, buzz, gang, boast, workaholic, etc. c.Bias: slender — skinny, statesman — politician, famous — notorious proud — arrogant (褒义) (贬义)

词汇学第九章课件

词汇学第九章课件
Many idioms are semantically inexplicable. 许多习语在语义上是无法解释的。
9.1.2 Structural Stability结构 的稳定性
01 T h e s t r u c t u re of a n idiom is to a large extent unchangeable. 一个习语的结构在很大程 度上是不可改变的。
9.2 Classification of idioms习语的分类
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The standard of Classification of idioms is The criterion
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of ’grammatical function’.习语的分类标准是语法功能的 标准 。
9.2.1 Idioms nominal in
主要是谚语和格言,包 括口语词和时髦语
The forms and functions of idioms are not necessarily identical. 习语的形式 和功能并非完全相同。 E.g. pepper and salt His hair is pepper and salt.他的头发黑白 相间
❖ 3.Figure of speech 修辞手法
❖ I. Simile 明喻
❖ II .Metaphor 暗语
Animal to refer to people.
❖ III.Metonymy 借代
❖ Synecdoche 提喻法
.——means using a part for a whole, an individual for a class a material for a thing or the reverse of any of these. 部分代替整体或整体代替部分

英语词汇学授课课件 PPT

英语词汇学授课课件 PPT
❖ 2. synonyms and idioms
B: rapid growth of present-day English Vocabulary and Its causes
❖ Neologisms(新词) after World War II ❖ Reasons: ❖ 1. progress of science and technology科技
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法), but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
Bloomfield布洛姆菲尔德(美国语言学家教育 家) and ❖ a French linguist, Antoine Meillet(梅耶,法 国语言学家)
Bloomfield
❖ “some linguistic forms(语言形态), which we call bound forms(限定/非自由形态) are never used as sentences.
invaded by Angles盎格鲁, Saxons撒克逊, Jutes朱特人
❖ Vocabulary: 5000-6000 words,chiefly Anglo-Saxon/ some Old Norse古斯堪的那维 亚语
❖ Old Norse words (are, they, their, them, till, call, die, give, take, skin, window, ill, weak)

1英语词汇概说ppt课件

1英语词汇概说ppt课件
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பைடு நூலகம்
实义词表示明确的含义或概念,它包括名 词(noun)、动词(verb)、形容词(adjective)、 副词(adverd)、数词(numeral)等。它表示 物体、现象、动作、品质、状态、程度和 数量等。实义词构成了英语词汇的绝大部 分,数量极大。
Content words (notional words) denote clear notions, including: nouns, verbs, ajectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree and quantity.
基本词汇包括七个部分:(1)术语 (terminology);(2)行话(jargon);(3) 俚语(slang);(4)隐语或黑话(argot); (5)方言(dialectal words);(6)古语 (archaisms)和 (7)新语(neologism)
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(二)根据词的功能,英语词汇可以分 为实义词(content words)即“实词” 和功能词(function words)即“虚词”。
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词汇学 (lexicology) 是语言学 (linguistics) 的一个分支,它研究词的起源和意义。
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.
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英语词汇学(English lexicology)旨在研究英 语词汇的形态结构、语义结构、语义关系、历 史演变以及词的构成和用法等。这是一门理论 课。
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II. 词与词之间的同义关系
词与词可以因表达同一的逻辑概念结合在一起,这 些词称之为同义词(synonyms)。
同义词只是意义相同,但形位结构、音位形状和用 法不同。
一对或一组同义词并不是一成不变,一个词可与 一部分或另一部分词构成同义词。如: look与see, watch, observe 构成同义词,表示“看”的概念, 也可以与seem, appear 构成同义词,表示“看上 去”的概念。
handsome: 用做“漂亮”时,多指男性;形容女性,指“健壮和举止大 方的美”,“身材匀称,端正庄重”;指物时“悦目,匀称 ,端正,庄重”
lovely: 强调说话人的感情,感受;能引起赞赏和喜悦的人和物;
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• look, glance, stare, gaze, eye, peep
look 通俗常用,泛指“看”的动作 glance “一瞥” a short, quick look stare “盯着看、目不转睛的看” a very surprised look or a
there are some small differences. e.g. beautiful,
pretty, good-looking, handsome, attractive,
charming are synonymous words.
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三、同义词之间的差异
1、语义上的差异 如:amaze astound 使惊呼
• fatherland -- motherland, word-formation -- wordbuilding.
• 2. Relative synonyms or more accurate quasi-
synonymous words(相对同义词):It refers to the
words are synonymous in meaning basically but
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• beautiful, pretty, handsome, lovely
beautiful: 普通,含义广; 用于可爱的人或物;指形式和颜色的完美; 给人以愉快的印象,给人以美和高贵的感觉的人或物;女性 和小男/女孩;
pretty: 不如beautiful强烈;小巧,俏丽;没有文雅、高贵的含义; 女性和孩子;
very ill-mannered gaze gaze “凝视,注视” a long, steady look, often caused by
• Native
Borrowed
answer
reply
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• 2. Dialects and regional English:
• relative synonyms in British and American usage
• British
American
lift
elevator
car park
Ram ewe Lamb语义场:由 公羊 母羊 小羊 下义词组成
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• Semantic Field(语义场) 语义场的共同概念由上义词表示,由下义词组
成。
Semantic field of colours: red, orange… Semantic field of kinship: son, father…
Semantic Classification of Words 词的语义分类
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语义分类(semantic classification of words):
根据词与词之间的语义关系对词进行分类: 1. 上下义关系 the superordinate and the hyponym 2. 同义关系 synonymy 3. 反义关系 antonymy 4. 同形或同音异义关系 homonymy
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I. 词与词之间的上下义关系
Living有生命的
plant
animal
类概念 种概念 支配词 受支配词
bush tree shrub flower tiger wolf dog sheep 上下义关系
pine oak ash maple
white yellow pine pine 五叶松 黄松
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escape flee 逃、逃脱
a. The wolf rolled over and played dead to escape capture by the farmer.
b. They lost no time in fleeing the burning hotel. 更强调在紧急情况下仓促逃跑
parking lot
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• Types of synonyms
• 1. Complete or absolute synonyms(完全/绝对同 义词):It refers to the two words are tothey are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings. e.g.
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• Major sources of English synonyms(同义 词) are :
• 1. Borrowing: Modern English is extremely rich in synonyms, which come from different sources. The most important source may be borrowing.
a. A teacher was amazed to find that a lazy
student had gained a mark of 100 in an important test. 难以相信
b. A woman may be astounded to learn
that her dearest friend has been spreading malicious gossip about her. 难以相信的程度 更高
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