bibliography格式--论文参考文献格式
bib格式参考文献
bib格式参考文献
建议使用BibTeX格式的参考文献，中文参考文献示例如下：@book{王小波1997,
author = {王小波},
title = {黄金时代},
publisher = {作家出版社},
year = {1997},
address = {北京},
}
@article{王朝霞2012,
author = {王朝霞 and 李灿华},
title = {新型农村社区建设的路径和探索},
journal = {人民论坛},
year = {2012},
volume = {184},
number = {3},
pages = {51--55},
}
@incollection{李克强2015,
author = {李克强},
title = {中国市场，为世界开放},
booktitle = {解码中国经济：十三五规划与中国经济转型}, publisher = {中信出版集团},
year = {2015},
editor = {韩俊 and 张艳},
address = {北京},
pages = {57--59},
}
注意，参考文献中出现的书名、期刊名等需要遵照相应的规则进行标注，例如书名应使用斜体，期刊名应使用正体，并用引号包裹。
同时，文中不得出现任何网址、超链接和电话等信息。
标准英文论文格式
标准英文论文格式论文，文献综述是作者对某一方面问题的历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容进行评论的论文。
因此，论文，文献格式的统一要求有着不可或缺的意义。
下面小编为大家带来了标准英文论文格式，供大家参考。
标准英文论文格式11.题目即标题，它的主要作用是概括整个论文的中心内容。
题目要确切、恰当、鲜明、简短、精炼。
XXXX（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）XX学院 XX级学号XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）2.摘要摘要是论文的高度概括，是长篇论文不可缺少的组成部分。
要求用中、英文分别书写，一篇摘要不少于200字。
要注明3—5个关键词。
【Abstract】XXXX……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。
）3.关键词是标示文献关键主题内容，但尽量少用不规范的主题词或新造词。
关键词是为了文献标引工作，从论文中选取出来，用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。
【Key Words】 XX; XX;XX;XX（英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。
毕业论文的notes和bibliography格式
Notes格式：“Notes”居中，四号字，加粗。
每条注释数字上标，首行缩进4字符，注释内容用小四号字，1.5倍行距。
如下：Notes1 卫志强．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．2陈侠，黄希庭，白纲．关于网络成瘾的心理学研究．心里科学进展，2003，（11）：331．1)中文机构文件机构名．文件名．出版年代：页码．1中国国家教育部．关于加强高等院校德育教师队伍建设的决定．1998：2．2)中文著作，一个作者：作者名．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．1卫志强．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．3)中文著作：两个或者三个作者：作者名（用逗号隔开）．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．2陈侠，黄希庭，白纲．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．4)中文著作：三个以上作者：作者名（用空格隔开）等．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．3陈侠等．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．5)中文期刊文章：（作者多人以上参照中文著作方式给作者名）作者名．文章名．期刊名，出版年代，（期数）：页码．4陈侠，黄希庭，白纲．关于网络成瘾的心理学研究．心里科学进展，2003，（11）：331．6)中文文集文章：作者名．文章名．文集主编名．文集名．文集出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．5陈侠．关于网络成瘾的心理学研究．卫志强编．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：331．7)中文译著：作者名．书名．译者名译．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．6威廉•莎士比亚．罗密欧与朱丽叶．卫志强译．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：15．8)中文工具书：主编名（责任人名）编．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．7简清国，林茂竹编．英汉多功能词典．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994：1134．9)英文专著，一个作者：作者名．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．8Wang Cunmei．The Investigation of Language Performance about Popular Language of Network．(Wuhan：Wuhan University Press, 2004) 6-7．10)英文专著，两个或者三个作者：作者名（用and连接）．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．9C. A. Dwyer and Zhou Ruanyan．The Investigation of Language Performance about Popular Language of Network．(Wuhan：Wuhan University Press, 2004) 6-7．11)英文专著，三个以上作者：作者名et al．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．10Wang Cunmei et al．The Investigation of Language Performance about Popular Language of Network．(Wuhan：Wuhan University Press, 2004) 6-7．12)英文期刊文章：（作者多人以上参照英文著作方式给作者名）作者名．文章名．期刊名，出版年代，（期数）：页码．11C. A. Dwyer．Assessment and Classroom Learning: Theory and Practice．Assessment in Education, 1998, (1)：111．13)英文文集文章：（包括TCLC, NCLC等大型文献性文集）作者名．文章名．文集主编名, Ed．文集名．(文集出版地：出版社，出版年代) 页码．12Qin Hui．On Localization of the Communicative Approach．Liu Shoulan and Qin Hui, Ed．Teaching English as a Foreign Language—Current Issues．V ol 2．(Kunming: Yunnan University Press, 2002) 9．14)英文工具书：主编名（责任人名）编．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．13Jian Qingguo．A Multifunction English-Chinese Dictionary．(Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1994) 1109．15)网络资源：作者名．文章名．网站名称．（网址）．14卫广新．新课程与角色的转换．香港大学图书馆．（http://sunzil.lib.hku.hk/view/32/3200054.pdf）．*只能接受以.pdf, .html, .htm, .php, .asp为结尾的网址。
参考文献格式
本科毕业论文注释和参考文献格式要求Format of Notes and References for the Graduation Theses （说明：本格式参阅了MLA、CMS、《外语教学与研究》的格式、其他学术刊物、以及中山大学外语学院毕业论文格式要求。
）I.注释Endnotes and In-text Citations1．尾注在正文需详细注释处的右上方按顺序加注数码①②③……，在全文之后写注文,每条加对应数码, 回行时与上一行注文对齐。
2．夹注某些引文或所依据的文献无须详细注释者，以夹注的形式随文在括号内注明。
1）来自专著的直接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现：格式：出版年份：页码例：Rees said, ―As key aspects of …in the process‖(1986;241).2 ) 来自专著的直接引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现：格式：作者姓名，出版年份：页码例：The underlying assumption is that language ―bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways‖(Kramsch, 1968: 3).3 ) 来自某篇文章的直接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现：格式：发表年份（无须页码）例：Ernst Rose submits, ―The highly spiritual view of the …alike‖ (1974).4 ) 来自某篇文章的直接引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现：格式：作者姓名（英文只注姓）、出版年份（无须页码）例：―Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing as ‗just‘ words –but there isn‘t‖ (Bateson 1972)5 ) 来自专著的间接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现：格式：出版年份：引文页码例：According to Alun Rees (1986:234), the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.6 ) 来自专著的间接引语，作者姓名在文中没有提到：格式：作者姓名出版年份：引文页码例：It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance ( see Robertson 1987: 136).7 ) 来自文章的间接引语，作者姓名在文中没有提到：格式：作者姓名出版年份（无须页码）例：It is argued that if communication is to be successful, the people involved need to share the same referential meaning of the words they are using (Byron & Fleming 1999).8 ) 提到某人的观点与姓名：格式：发表年份（紧跟姓名后）例：Peters (1985) proposes that the operation of a rule-based system generates language, …9 )提到某人的观点（没有提到姓名）：格式：作者姓名发表年份例：The writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (Rees 1986 :32).A number of studies do not find texts with long series of Themes that derive from a single semantic field (Thompson 1985; Francis 1989/1990).10 ) 互联网资料：格式：编号例：―A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of atext‘s critical difference from itself‖ (Net. 2 ).( 注:：Net. 1, Net. 2, Net. 3,……为了便于注明文内引语的出处，在参考文献中按编号顺序列出网址。
论文参考文献的格式
Research Paper (V) IV.常见参考文献的著录格式
★ Article collections(论文集)
[序号]作者.文献题名[A]. 见: 主编.论文集名[C]. 出版地:出版社, 出版年:起止页码. Eg: [3]刘道义.关于深化基础外语课程改革的几点意见[A]. 见: 人 民教育出版社外语室英语组. 中学英语教师培训参考手册 [C]. 北京:中国青年出版社, 2000: 1—3. [序号]文献作者．析出文献文题 （ 第一个单词首字母[A] . In： 论文集编者．论文集题名 （ 斜体，实词首字母大写 ） [C] ．出版地：出版者，出版年 . 析出文献起止页码． eg: [4] Li C. M., Anbulagan. Heuristics based on unit propagation for satisfiability problems [A]. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence [C]. Nagova, Japan ：XXX, 1997. 232 - 238.
Research Paper (V) IV.常见参考文献的著录格式
★ Patent (专利)
[序号]专利所有者.文献题名[P]. 国别:专利号,发布日期. eg: [6]姜锡州.一种温外敷药制备方案[P]. 中国专利 :881056078, 1983—08—12. [序号]专利所有者.文献题名（ 正体，实词首字母大写） [P]. 国别：专利号，发布日期． Eg: [7]Koya, S., Yutaka, W. Jointing Nitride Ceramics [P]. JP: 07011305, 1995-10-16 .
论文的基本结构和引用文献格式(MLA)
论文的基本结构和引用文献格式（MLA格式）学术论文文献的引用有三种形式：文内注释、注解（Notes）和参考文献（Bibliography）。
正文中引用别人的论述、词汇、材料、观点或思想时，文内注释采用同论文末尾参考文献相关联的信息，用圆括号表示。
正文中除了文内注释外，往往还需要注解；注解同文内注释不同，它主要是针对正文中需要说明的问题作注解，而不是针对正文中的引用作注解。
参考文献（Bibliography）是指被论文参考和引用过的所有作品，位于正文末尾。
如论文末尾有注解，参考文献则位于注解后。
论文末尾的“注解”和“参考文献”可能同时存在。
凡是在参考文献中以书的形式出现的出版物品名称，无论是小说、诗歌、戏剧，还是小册子、报刊杂志、电影、光盘、盒式录音磁带、唱片、绘画、雕塑作品等，英文用斜体表示。
中文名称则用书名号表示。
对于“注解”和“参考文献”中提到的文章、论文、短篇小说、短诗、书中的章节，包括未公开出版的讲座、会议发言稿、手稿、学位论文等，都一律加引号表示。
中文的也采用同样方法，避免同书名混淆。
一、论文的基本结构不同学科、不同研究方向以及不同类型的学术论文在基本结构上存在差异，但本科毕业论文一般应有以下部分：Introduction，（Literature Review）and Discussions (与APA不一致), Conclusion 等等。
当然，研究类型不同，中间部分章节内容也就不同。
北京第二外国语学院教务处对各章布局作如下规定，Introduction、Chapter 1、Chapter 2…Conclusion。
其中，Introduction和Conclusion前不加Chapter等字样。
下面对这些章节的大致内容略作介绍。
Introduction本章应该包括以下内容：本研究的背景、意义以及预期解决的问题。
有时需要对重要概念或术语进行简单的定义。
本章末尾一般对全篇论文的章节主要内容作简单介绍（An overview of the thesis）。
latex中常用的参考文献文件格式
1. 概述在学术研究和学术写作过程中，引用参考文献是一项必不可少的工作。
而对于使用LaTeX进行学术论文写作的研究人员来说，正确的参考文献格式和引用方式显得尤为重要。
本文将对LaTeX中常用的参考文献文件格式进行详细介绍，帮助读者了解并掌握LaTeX中参考文献的规范要求和格式要求。
2. 参考文献文件格式在使用LaTeX进行学术写作时，通常会用到.bib格式的参考文献文件。
这种文件格式是一种文本格式，其中包含了论文所需的全部参考文献信息。
在LaTeX中，可以使用bibliography和cite命令来引用参考文献，并将参考文献文件与论文进行关联。
3. .bib文件的内容.bib文件通常包括以下几个部分：- 文献条目类型（如article、book等）- 作者名- 文献标题- 出版社、出版地、出版日期- 页码- DOI- URL具体的参考文献条目示例如下：article{author_year,author = {作者尊称},title = {文献标题},journal = {期刊名称},volume = {卷号},number = {期号},pages = {页码范围},year = {出版年份},publisher = {出版社},address = {出版地},doi = {DOI},url = {URL}}4. 参考文献的引用方式在LaTeX中，可以使用cite命令来引用.bib文件中的参考文献条目。
使用\cite{author_year}命令就可以在论文中引用名为author_year的参考文献。
在引用多个参考文献时，可以使用逗号分隔不同的参考文献条目，也可以使用如\cite{author1_year1, author2_year2}的方式同时引用多个参考文献。
5. 参考文献的排版在LaTeX中，可以使用bibliography命令来指定参考文献的排版格式，常用的排版格式包括pl本人n、unsrt、alpha等。
bibliography格式--论文参考文献格式
Bibliography FormatsA bibliography should cite all the sources used in preparing a speech — including Internet documents, personal interviews, and television programs, as well as print materials such asbooks,newspaper and magazine articles,reference works,government documents,and the like.There are a number of bibliographical formats,and you should check with your instructor to see which she or he wants you to follow. Examples of the two major formats—from the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Modern Language Association(MLA) —are provided below.Book: Single AuthorMLA Ramos, Jorge.Dying to Cross: The Worst Immigrant Tragedy in American History. New York: Harper, 2005.APARamos, J. (2005).Dying to cross: The worst immigrant tragedy in American history. New York: HarperCollins.Book: Two or More AuthorsMLA Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner.Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: Morrow-Harper, 2005.APA Levitt, S. D., & Dubner, S. J. (2005).Freakonomics: A rogue economist explores the hidden side of everything. New York: William Morrow.Book: Second or Later EditionMLAFishman, Stephen.The Public Domain: How to Find & Use Copyright-Free Writings, Music, Art & More. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Nolo, 2004.APA Fishman, S. (2004).The public domain: How to find & use copyright-free writings, music, art, & more(2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo.Book: Corporate AuthorMLA Mayo Clinic Health Information.Mayo Clinic Guide to Women's Cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information, 2005.APA Mayo Clinic Health Information. (2005).Mayo clinic guide to women's cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information.Book: Anthology or CompilationMLA Sloane, Thomas O., ed.Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. APA Sloane, T. O. (Ed.). (2001).Encyclopedia of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter in Anthology or CompilationMLA Lucas, Stephen E. "Public Speaking."Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Ed. Thomas O. Sloane. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 640-47.APA Lucas, S. E. (2001). Public Speaking. In T. O. Sloane (Ed.),Encyclopedia of rhetoric (pp. 640-647). New York: Oxford University Press.Signed Magazine ArticleMLA Johnson, Steven. "Your Brain on Video Games: Could They Actually be Good for You?"Discover July 2005: 38-43.APAJohnson, S. (2005, July). Your brain on video games: Could they actually be good for you?Discover, 26, 38-43.Unsigned Magazine ArticleMLA"Banking for Native Americans: On the Trail."Economist19 Feb. 2005: 70.APA Banking for native Americans: On the trail. (2005, February 19).Economist, 374, 70. Journal Article, Continuous PaginationMolinsky, Andrew L., Mary Anne Krabbenhoft, Nalini Ambady, and Y. Susan Choi. "Cracking theMLA Nonverbal Code: Intercultural Competence and Gesture Recognition Across Cultures."Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology36 (2005): 380-395.Molinsky, A. L., Krabbenhoft, M. A., Ambady, N., & Choi, Y. S. (2005). Cracking the nonverbalAPA code: Intercultural competence and gesture recognition across cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 380-395.Journal Article, Noncontinuous PaginationMLA Gómez, Christina. "Latino Diversity and Political Representation."Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies 1.2 (2004): 19-32.APA Gómez, C. (2004). Latino diversity and political representation.Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies, 1(2), 19-32.Signed Newspaper ArticleMLA Elliot, Andrea. "In a Now-Suspicious America, Muslim Converts Face Discrimination."New York Times30 Apr. 2005, natl. ed.: A13.APAElliot, A. (2005, April 30). In a now-suspicious America, Muslim converts face discrimination.New York Times, p. 13A.Unsigned Newspaper ArticleMLA "Fatal Error: Seat-Belt Use Less in Pickups."Chicago Tribune16 May 2005, Midwest ed., sec.1: 6.APA Fatal error: Seat-belt use less in pickups. (2005, May 16).Chicago Tribune, section 1, p. 6. Signed Newspaper EditorialMLA Reyes, Raul A. "Cinco de Mayo and Social Security." A Today 6 May 2005, final ed.: 13A.APA Reyes, R. A. (2005, May 6). Cinco de Mayo and social security [Editorial].USA Today , p. 13A. Unsigned Newspaper EditorialMLA"Sesame Street's Private Road." Editorial.Christian Science Monitor12 May 2005: 8.APA Sesame street's private road [Editorial]. (2005, May 12).Christian Science Monitor, p. 8. Government PublicationMLA United States. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.Indicators of Equal Employment Opportunity—Status and Trends. Washington: GPO, 2004.APAU.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004).Indicators of equal employment opportunity—Status and trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Signed Article in Reference WorkMLA Alvarez-Smith, Alma. "Pantoja, Antonia."Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Ed. Cordelia Ch vezáCandelaria. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004.APA Alvarez-Smith, A. (2004). Pantoja, Antonia. In C. C. Candelaria (Ed.),Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture(Vol. 2, pp. 613-614). Westport, CT: Greenwood.Unsigned Article in Reference WorkMLA "Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart."African-American Political Leaders. Ed. Charles W. Carey, Jr. New York: Facts on File, 2004.APA Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart. (2004). In C. W. Carey, Jr. (Ed.),African-American political leaders(pp. 212-215). New York: Facts on File.Personal InterviewMLA Velasquez, Andrew. Personal interview. 12 July 2005.APA A. Velasquez (personal communication, July 12, 2005)Letter or E-Mail CommunicationMLA Ahmed, Mohammed. E-mail interview. 11 Feb. 2005.APA M. Ahmed (personal communication, February 11, 2005)Speech or LectureHuang, Wensha. Lecture on water pollution. Geography 212: Environmental Science. University MLAof Florida. 25 Feb. 2005.Huang, W. (2005, February 25). Water pollution [Lecture]. In Geography 212: Environmental APAscience. University of Florida.Television ProgramMLA"Medical Tourists." Narr. Bob Simon. I. CBS. WCBS, New York. 24 Apr. 2005.APA Olian, C. (Producer). (2005, April 24). Medical tourists [Television broadcast]. In Sixty minutes .New York: Columbia Broadcasting System.FilmMLA The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till. Dir. Keith A. Beauchamp. SJL Management, 2004.Beauchamp, K. A. (Director). (2004).The untold story of Emmett Louis Till[Motion picture]. APA United States. (Available from SJL Management, 400 East 58th Street, Suite 7G, New York,NY 10022)Article in Scholarly Journal Reprinted OnlineFrith, Katherine, Ping Shaw, and Hong Cheng. "The Construction of Beauty: A Cross-CulturalMLA Analysis of Women's Magazine Advertising."Journal of Communication55.1 (2005): 56-70.27 Apr. 2005 </cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdf>.Frith, K., Shaw, P., & Cheng, H. (2005). The construction of beauty: A cross-cultural analysis ofAPA women's magazine advertising.Journal of Communication, 55, 56-70. Retrieved April 27, 2005, from /cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdfArticle in Online Scholarly JournalKelsey, Kathleen D., and Alan D'souza. "Student Motivation for Learning at a Distance: DoesMLAOnline Journal of Distance Learning Administration7.2 (2004): 13 pp.Interaction Matter?"30 Apr. 2005 </%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.html>.Kelsey, K. D., & D'souza, A. (2004). Student motivation for learning at a distance: DoesAPA interaction matter? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration , 7(2). Retrieved April 30, 2005, from /%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.htmlOnline Government PublicationUnited States. Dept. of Energy. Energy Information Administration. Office of Integrated AnalysisMLA and Forecasting.Annual Energy Outlook 2005 With Projections to 2025. Feb. 2005. 13 May 2005 </oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdf>.United States Department of Energy, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. (2005,APA February).Annual energy outlook 2005 with projections to 2025. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from /oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdfOnline Newspaper ArticleWulfhorst, Ellen. "Study: Blogs Haven't Displaced Media."Washington Post16 May 2005. 17 May MLA2005 </wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/16/AR2005051600884.html>.APAWulfhorst, E. (2005, May 16). Study: Blogs haven't displaced media.Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from Online EditorialKinsley, Michael. "Remember: You Can't Swat a Fly with a Computer." Editorial.Los AngelesMLA Times 8 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-ed>.Kinsley, M. (2005, May 8). Remember: You can't swat a fly with a computer [Editorial].Los APA Angeles Times. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-edOnline Magazine ArticleMLAHerper, Matthew. "Race-Based Medicine Arrives." 10 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.html>.APA Herper, M. (2005, May 10). Race-based medicine . Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.htmlDocument Accessed from Online ServiceMcCartney, Anthony. "Online Thieves Are Fishing For Suckers."Tampa Tribune9 Feb. 2005: 9. MLA Academic Universe: News. Lexis-Nexis. Memorial Library, Madison, WI. 4 June 2005</universe/>.APA McCartney, A. (2005, February 9). Online thieves are fishing for suckers.Tampa Tribune .Retrieved April 29, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe database.Online Document from BroadcastMLA "Paleontologist Disputes Altering Discovery.". 2005. Cable News Network. 13 May 2005 </2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap/index.html>.Paleontologist disputes altering discovery. (2005, May 13).Cable News Network. Retrieved MayAPA13, 2005, from /2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap /index.html。
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Bibliography FormatsA bibliography should cite all the sources used in preparing a speech—including Internet documents, personal interviews, and television programs, as well as print materials such as books, newspaper and magazine articles, reference works, government documents, and the like. There are a number of bibliographical formats, and you should check with your instructor to see which she or he wants you to follow. Examples of the two major formats—from the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA)—are provided below.Book: Single AuthorMLA Ramos, Jorge. Dying to Cross: The Worst Immigrant Tragedy in American History. New York: Harper, 2005.APA Ramos, J. (2005). Dying to cross: The worst immigrant tragedy in American history. New York: HarperCollins.Book: Two or More AuthorsMLA Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: Morrow-Harper, 2005.APA Levitt, S. D., & Dubner, S. J. (2005). Freakonomics: A rogue economist explores the hidden side of everything. New York: William Morrow.Book: Second or Later EditionMLA Fishman, Stephen. The Public Domain: How to Find & Use Copyright-Free Writings, Music, Art & More. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Nolo, 2004.APA Fishman, S. (2004). The public domain: How to find & use copyright-free writings, music, art, & more (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo.Book: Corporate AuthorMLA Mayo Clinic Health Information. Mayo Clinic Guide to Women's Cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information, 2005.APA Mayo Clinic Health Information. (2005). Mayo clinic guide to women's cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information.Book: Anthology or CompilationMLA Sloane, Thomas O., ed. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. APA Sloane, T. O. (Ed.). (2001). Encyclopedia of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter in Anthology or CompilationMLA Lucas, Stephen E. "Public Speaking." Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Ed. Thomas O. Sloane. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 640-47.APA Lucas, S. E. (2001). Public Speaking. In T. O. Sloane (Ed.), Encyclopedia of rhetoric (pp. 640-647). New York: Oxford University Press.Signed Magazine ArticleMLA Johnson, Steven. "Your Brain on Video Games: Could They Actually be Good for You?" Discover July 2005: 38-43.APA Johnson, S. (2005, July). Your brain on video games: Could they actually be good for you?Discover, 26, 38-43.Unsigned Magazine ArticleMLA "Banking for Native Americans: On the Trail." Economist 19 Feb. 2005: 70.APA Banking for native Americans: On the trail. (2005, February 19). Economist, 374, 70. Journal Article, Continuous PaginationMLA Molinsky, Andrew L., Mary Anne Krabbenhoft, Nalini Ambady, and Y. Susan Choi. "Cracking the Nonverbal Code: Intercultural Competence and Gesture Recognition Across Cultures."Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 36 (2005): 380-395.APA Molinsky, A. L., Krabbenhoft, M. A., Ambady, N., & Choi, Y. S. (2005). Cracking the nonverbal code: Intercultural competence and gesture recognition across cultures. Journal ofCross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 380-395.Journal Article, Noncontinuous PaginationMLA Gómez, Christina. "Latino Diversity and Political Representation." Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies 1.2 (2004): 19-32.APA Gómez, C. (2004). Latino diversity and political representation. Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies, 1(2), 19-32.Signed Newspaper ArticleMLA Elliot, Andrea. "In a Now-Suspicious America, Muslim Converts Face Discrimination." New York Times 30 Apr. 2005, natl. ed.: A13.APA Elliot, A. (2005, April 30). In a now-suspicious America, Muslim converts face discrimination. New York Times, p. 13A.Unsigned Newspaper ArticleMLA "Fatal Error: Seat-Belt Use Less in Pickups." Chicago Tribune 16 May 2005, Midwest ed., sec.1: 6.APA Fatal error: Seat-belt use less in pickups. (2005, May 16). Chicago Tribune, section 1, p. 6. Signed Newspaper EditorialMLA Reyes, Raul A. "Cinco de Mayo and Social Security." Editorial. USA Today 6 May 2005, final ed.: 13A.APA Reyes, R. A. (2005, May 6). Cinco de Mayo and social security [Editorial]. USA Today, p. 13A. Unsigned Newspaper EditorialMLA "Sesame Street's Private Road." Editorial. Christian Science Monitor 12 May 2005: 8.APA Sesame street's private road [Editorial]. (2005, May 12). Christian Science Monitor, p. 8. Government PublicationMLA United States. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Indicators of Equal Employment Opportunity—Status and Trends. Washington: GPO, 2004.APA U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). Indicators of equal employment opportunity—Status and trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Signed Article in Reference WorkMLA Alvarez-Smith, Alma. "Pantoja, Antonia." Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Ed. Cordelia Chávez Candelaria. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004.APA Alvarez-Smith, A. (2004). Pantoja, Antonia. In C. C. Candelaria (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (Vol. 2, pp. 613-614). Westport, CT: Greenwood.Unsigned Article in Reference WorkMLA "Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart." African-American Political Leaders. Ed. Charles W. Carey, Jr. New York: Facts on File, 2004.APA Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart. (2004). In C. W. Carey, Jr. (Ed.), African-American political leaders (pp. 212-215). New York: Facts on File.Personal InterviewMLA Velasquez, Andrew. Personal interview. 12 July 2005. APA A. Velasquez (personal communication, July 12, 2005) Letter or E-Mail CommunicationMLA Ahmed, Mohammed. E-mail interview. 11 Feb. 2005. APA M. Ahmed (personal communication, February 11, 2005) Speech or LectureMLA Huang, Wensha. Lecture on water pollution. Geography 212: Environmental Science. University of Florida. 25 Feb. 2005.APA Huang, W. (2005, February 25). Water pollution [Lecture]. In Geography 212: Environmental science. University of Florida.Television ProgramMLA "Medical Tourists." Narr. Bob Simon. I. CBS. WCBS, New York. 24 Apr. 2005.APA Olian, C. (Producer). (2005, April 24). Medical tourists [Television broadcast]. In Sixty minutes. New York: Columbia Broadcasting System.FilmMLA The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till. Dir. Keith A. Beauchamp. SJL Management, 2004.APA Beauchamp, K. A. (Director). (2004). The untold story of Emmett Louis Till [Motion picture].United States. (Available from SJL Management, 400 East 58th Street, Suite 7G, New York, NY 10022)Article in Scholarly Journal Reprinted OnlineMLA Frith, Katherine, Ping Shaw, and Hong Cheng. "The Construction of Beauty: A Cross-CulturalAnalysis of Women's Magazine Advertising." Journal of Communication 55.1 (2005): 56-70.27 Apr. 2005 </cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdf>.APA Frith, K., Shaw, P., & Cheng, H. (2005). The construction of beauty: A cross-cultural analysis of women's magazine advertising. Journal of Communication, 55, 56-70. Retrieved April 27, 2005, from /cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdfArticle in Online Scholarly JournalMLA Kelsey, Kathleen D., and Alan D'souza. "Student Motivation for Learning at a Distance: DoesInteraction Matter?" Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration 7.2 (2004): 13 pp.30 Apr. 2005 </%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.html>.APA Kelsey, K. D., & D'souza, A. (2004). Student motivation for learning at a distance: Doesinteraction matter? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 7(2). Retrieved April 30, 2005, from /%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.htmlOnline Government PublicationMLA United States. Dept. of Energy. Energy Information Administration. Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Annual Energy Outlook 2005 With Projections to 2025. Feb. 2005. 13 May 2005 </oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdf>.APA United States Department of Energy, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. (2005,February). Annual energy outlook 2005 with projections to 2025. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from /oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdfOnline Newspaper ArticleMLA Wulfhorst, Ellen. "Study: Blogs Haven't Displaced Media." Washington Post 16 May 2005. 17 May 2005 </wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/16/AR2005051600884.html>.APA Wulfhorst, E. (2005, May 16). Study: Blogs haven't displaced media. Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from Online EditorialMLA Kinsley, Michael. "Remember: You Can't Swat a Fly with a Computer." Editorial. Los Angeles Times 8 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-ed>.APA Kinsley, M. (2005, May 8). Remember: You can't swat a fly with a computer [Editorial]. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-edOnline Magazine ArticleMLA Herper, Matthew. "Race-Based Medicine Arrives." 10 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.html>.APA Herper, M. (2005, May 10). Race-based medicine arrives. . Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.htmlDocument Accessed from Online ServiceMLA McCartney, Anthony. "Online Thieves Are Fishing For Suckers." Tampa Tribune 9 Feb. 2005: 9. Academic Universe: News. Lexis-Nexis. Memorial Library, Madison, WI. 4 June 2005</universe/>.APA McCartney, A. (2005, February 9). Online thieves are fishing for suckers. Tampa Tribune. Retrieved April 29, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe database.Online Document from BroadcastMLA "Paleontologist Disputes Altering Discovery." . 2005. Cable News Network. 13 May 2005 </2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap/index.html>.APA Paleontologist disputes altering discovery. (2005, May 13). Cable News Network. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from /2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap /index.html。