外文翻译---汽车防撞雷达系统
防撞系统英文
The introduce of the automobile anti-collision control systemThe accident of automobile rear-end collision has taken place frequently in recent years,and rear-end collision warning system has good use in improving expressway traffic safety,so the warning system has been paid more attention in the world. The vehicle collision avoidance alarm apparatus system was introdued according to the ultrasonic measurement distance’s system . Th e system can automaticanlly xeamine the distance between the back and the nearest obstacle ( or the distance among cars ) whicwould be demonstarted through LED that when it arrives the limit distance ,the system can send out the warning and reminds the driver for preventing the vehicle colliding . The experimental results showed that,the system illustrates a good prospect of application and xetension highways, streets, parking, garage and other crowded places narrow reverse, the driver should not only forward but also looking back, a little rear-end careless accidents can occur. According to related statistics, 15% of motor vehicle collisions when the vehicle is reversing, as the capacity of the latter caused by bad.So after the increase of motor vehicles as the ability to detect obstacles on the development of the rear of the car reversing radar has become the research hotspot in recent years. Security to avoid obstacles on the premise that the rapid and accurate measurement of obstructions and the distance between motor vehicles. To this end, the design of a single-chip microcomputer as the core, the use of ultrasonic ranging to achieve non-contact reversing radar system. Generally refers to ultrasonic frequencies above 20 kHz mechanical waves, with penetrating, and attenuation of small, reflecting the ability and so on. Work, the ultrasonic transmitter continuously emits a series of consecutive pulses to the measurement of logic circuits to provide a short pulse. Finally, signal processing devices based on the received signal for processing the time difference, automatic calculation of turnout and the distance between obstacles. Ultrasonic Ranging simple, low cost, easy production, but the transmission speed by a larger weather can not be precise range; In addition, the ultrasonic energy and the attenuation is directly proportional to the square of the distance, the farther the distance, the lower sensitivity and thus Ultrasonic Ranging way so that only apply to a shorter distance. At present, ultrasonic range finder at home and abroad in general, the ideal distance of the measurement 4 ~ 5 m, thusreversing radar are used in cars, such as close range in this paper, according to the spread of sound waves in air reflection to ultrasonic transducer interface components, based on MCU AT89C51 ultrasonic range-finder. Designed by the ultrasonic transmitter module, receiver module, single-chip processing module, a digital display and alarm sound and light display module,such as parts, the text in detail the range of hardware devices, detection theory, methods and software architecture.In one aspect the present invention broadly resides in a self-propelled robotic vehicle responsive to a radio frequency signal from a transmitter means including a vehicle frame means; at least two spaced apart receiver means adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter means; a processor operatively associated with the receiver means, said processor is programmed to process input from the at least two spaced apart receiver means to locate the position of the transmitter means and produce an electrical signal for the vehicle to move relative to the transmitter means in accordance with the processor programming; and drive means supported on the vehicle frame means and adapted to receive and act on the electrical signal sent from the processor to move the vehicle in accordance with the processor programming.In a further aspect the present invention broadly resides in a system for a self- propelled robotic vehicle including transmitter means able to transmit a radio frequency signal; a self-propelled vehicle including a vehicle frame means; at least two spaced apart receiver means adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter means; a processor operatively associated with the receiver means, said processor is programmed to process input from the at least two spaced apart receivers to locate the position of the transmitter means and produce an electrical signal for the vehicle to move relative to the transmitter means in accordance with the processor programming; and drive means supported on the vehicle frame means and adapted to receive and act on the electrical signal sent from the processor to move the vehicle in accordance with the processor programming.The receiver means preferably includes two spaced apart antennas with each operatively linked to a receiver. The receivers are preferably Super Heterodyne typeor Near Zero IF type. The antennas are preferably spaced apart at a distance from each other. More preferably, the antennas are 25cm or more spaced apart from each other.The two spaced apart antennas are preferably operatively connected to enable the processor to process the signal inputs to determine the location of the transmitter. The receiving antennas are preferably arranged with one antenna peak tuned and the other is dip tuned so that they are 90 degrees out of phase. The processor preferably can combine the two signals for a summed RSSI reading and measure a phase shift to determine the position of the transmitter means.Preferably the antennas have resonator coils that enable them to be dynamically tuned. With tuning the antenna, the predefined frequency is preferably set by varying the capacitance of the coil by the voltage to peak tune the antenna to the definedfrequency.The transmitter means is preferably a transponder that transmits a signal but not receive a signal. The transmitter means is preferably portable. Alternately transmitter means may be a transponder which is activated on receiving a radio frequency signal from the vehicle and transmits a location signal back to the vehicle. Preferably the transponder is wearable and has a frequency between 200Khz to 8 Ghertz. More preferably the transponder has a frequency between 300 Khz and 500 Khz.The transponder preferably has a plurality of capacitors so that the transponder antenna can be dynamically tuned and shifted in 5 KHz increments to form 5 KHz channels. The signal is carrier modulated by frequency shift keying (FSK) where the keying rate is 300 Htz and the frequency shift is +/- 1 Khz either side of the carrier forming a 300Htz tone.The radio frequency signal is preferably a suitable frequency to enable identification of the vehicle and activation of the vehicle to move in accordance with the processor programming. The radio frequency signals are preferably arranged in channels. The signal processing is preferably able to identify separate transmitter channels and negate any adjacent channel interference.Within the defined range of the radio frequency signals, the number of vehicles responding to transponder specific signals within an area may be increased by one or more methods including random transmission cycle for the transponders where the transmissions are coded so that they can be decoded and used by the corresponding vehicle. Alternately the frequency from the transponder may be modulated at a FSK keying rate of 500Htz with +/- 1 Khz frequency shift so that the receivers can identify their corresponding transponder. Furthermore the transponder preferably has a random number generator which is used to trigger transmit time so that transmissions are not synchronized to avoid the situation where multiple simultaneous transmissions are received by a receiver.。
汽车雷达防撞
一．汽车防撞系统的定义及组成。
CCAS就是「Car Collision Avoidance System 」的简称，即为「汽车防撞系统」。
防撞雷达装置即汽车防撞系统，是防止汽车发生碰撞的一种智能装置。
它能够自动发现可能与汽车发生碰撞的车辆、行人、或其它障碍物体，发出警报或同时采取制动或规避等措施，以避免碰撞的发生。
防撞雷达装置主要由三个部分组成：（1）信号采集系统：采用雷达、激光、声纳等技术自动测出本车速度、前车速度以及两车之间的距离；（2）数据处理系统：计算机芯片对两车距离以及两车的瞬时相对速度进行处理后，判断两车的安全距离，如果两车车距小于安全距离，数据处理系统就会发出指令；（3）执行机构：负责实施数据处理系统发来的指令，发出警报，提醒司机刹车，如司机没有执行指令，执行机构将采取措施，比如关闭车窗、调整座椅位置、锁死方向盘、自动刹车等；防撞雷达装置高集成化、高智能化、高适应性：集声、光、电、机多方面的高科技组合。
智能化的处理器，识别处理指令速度远远高于人脑的最快反映速度。
适用于各种类型汽车的安装。
由于车祸事件日驱严重，所以近年来各国(尤以欧洲为主)，都在致力发展CCAS，但由于其成本高昂而未得到广泛的应用。
二．DSP（Digital Signal Processing）的介绍DSP是一种价格低廉但性能高的芯片,将接受到的讯号(从雷达那)转成数字讯给计算机,让计算机做距离等的运算判断,别于现在市面上的倒车雷达,它必须精密计算,并且自动煞车,此芯片也正朝自动驾驶迈进!DSP是微处理器的一种。
这种微处理器具有极高的处理速度。
DSP的出现使得极大的推动了汽车防撞雷达技术研究，使汽车防撞雷达系统在普通汽车中的实现和普及成为可能。
三．汽车防撞的几种探测方式目前汽车防撞系统按目标探测方式主要有激光、超声波、红外等一些测量方法，不同的目标探测方式其工作过程和原理有不同之处，但它们的主要目的都是通过前方返回的探测信息判断前方车辆和本车间的相对距离，并根据两车间的危险性程度做出相应的预防措施。
汽车防装报警系统设英文文献翻译
毕业设计附件材料学生姓名：***学号：******所在系部：电气与电子工程学院专业班级：自动化专业（03）班指导老师：***日期：2013年6月目录1 英文文献翻译 (3)1.1英文文献原文题目 (3)1.2中文翻译 (10)2 专业阅读书目 (14)2.1 《毫米波雷达及其应用(精)》 (14)1 英文文献翻译1.1英文文献原文题目Increases massively along with the automobile, on the road the stream of vehicles rest, does not make the road traffic accident year to increase large scale by the , causes the massive personnel casualty and the property damage. News which according to Chinese male peaceful on January 14, 2005 issued: China altogether sent in 2004 to live the traffic accident 567, 753, caused 99, 217 dead, 451, 810 people the wound, the immediate goods are lost 27. 7 hundred million Yuan. Traffic accident's primary cause exercises after over speed , occupies the magical skill causes, the liquor drives, weary driving and so on. But collides is the traffic accident main manifestation, majority is the vehicle - vehicle collision and the person - vehicle collision. may affirm, along with our country automobile inventory and productivity swift growth, high speed road and first-class highway course fast extending, if does not enlarge road service peaceful the entire control, the traffic safety accident will increase massively, causes more casualties and economical the loss. the expert indicated to the road service accident's analysis result, in occurs junction passes in the accident, some 80% are because the pilot responds not promptly, does not handle, when makes to become. And some 65% accident are the automobile follows the collision to create, other belong lean the surface collision, to scratch hang the result. Therefore, Germany Mercedes-Benz Company's experts, in hands over after each kind to pass the accident to carry on the system research analysis obtains: If the pilot can before the accident has to shift to an earlier time 1 second consciousness to attend a meeting to have the traffic accident to occur, and has adopted corresponding the true measure, then the overwhelming majority accidentpossibly avoids. the automobile anti-collision early warning system to enhances the automobile travel security to be very important. Year starts from the 1971, domestic and foreign presented the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine to regard one after another to think, infrared as well as interactive and so on anti-collision early warning system's research or the product. This article to each kind of anti-collision aspects and so on early warning system's principle, characteristic, flaw will carry on the analysis, and proposes the automobile anti-collision early warning system's development direction. The automobile anti-collision early warning system is in the automobile travel process, as well as about the direction danger carries on the examination to automobile's around, in the automobile and the danger has in the collision danger situation, carries on the acousto-optic warning, prompts pilot dangerous thing the direction as well as the degree of hazard, with the aim of letting the pilot take the corresponding measure, avoids following the collision and the side hangs and so on traffic accident's occurrences. Automobile anti-collision early warning system general by the information acquisition, the information processing, the information judgment, the early warning information and so on four groups to become. The information acquisition present stage's technology has the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine vision,infrared as well as interactive, through these technical gathering automobile travel process in all around information; The information processing part is mainly carries on the processing analysis to the gathering information, sentences to break in the automobile travel process whether all around to have the danger, commonly used monolithic integrated circuit, ARM, microprocessors and so on DSP, even uses the multi-CPU special purpose computer to process; Information the judgment is according to this vehicle vehicle type, the weather, time as well as this vehicle and danger distanceto, information and so on relative velocity, relative acceleration, through the information fusion technology, real-time carries on the dangerous or the secure state dynamic identification; When the early warning information part mainly refers to information the identification for the danger, this part carries on the dangerous rank judgment, the dangerous direction as well as should a cousto-optic warning. As a result of the different information acquisition technology, its corresponding automobile against hits the early warning system to be different, below to each kind of anti-collision early warning system's principle, the characteristic, lacks to fall and so on aspects to carry on the analysis. After radar truck anti-collision early warning system use electromagnetic wave launch, meets obstacle the reflection the echo to examine and the computation unceasingly to it with the front or rear area the obstacle to the speed and the distance, undergoes the analysis judgment, with does not carry on the warning to present hazards' goal according to degree . This system by the dual-mode antenna, the directional coupler, the mixer, frequency modulation the oscillator and the processing unit is composed. When the transmitter uses microwave frequency modulated continuous wave system , in the vehicles march forward, the radar pencil beam launches the frequency modulated continuous wave signal forward, when the transmitting message meets the goal, is reflected for the identical antenna receive, after mixing enlargement processing, between the available its pulsation signal the difference expressed that the radar and goal distance leaves, may obtain the distance the corresponding signal impulse after the microprocessor processing computation to count the value, again according to the slip frequency signal difference and the relative velocity relations, calculates the goal the relative velocity which reaches to thunder , the microprocessor above two physical quantity substitution dangerous time letter counts thematrix, then figures out the dangerous time. radar sounding stable property, not easily object surface shape and color shade sound. The environment adaptation performance is good, is been big the weather effect, it has the measuring time to be short, the measuring range big (may achieve above 10km), the precision higher merit. But periphery the vehicles, the obstacle can have the electromagnetic wave disturbance to it, between trailer-mounted radar each other also has the disturbance. This system is huge, the construction cost is expensive. On the high speed road, the isolation strip and the road two side metal has limited this system's application to a great extent.Since the early 80s, many of the world famous universities and research institutions to And the United States more than 300 companies (including IBM and other computer companies) are put into research Study. Such as millimeter wave radar research, automotive radar used for more than 30GHZ The millimeter wave radar, it can reduce the electromagnetic radiation from the antenna beam angle increases Degrees, eliminating the need to reduce the reflection caused by the malfunction and interference; other Surface as the Doppler shift, the relative speed and high precision. Present primarily Used in millimeter wave broadband wireless data communications and guided weapons, but still did not put Off the radar of the inherent defects in poor anti-interference ability to detect small angle range, the steam Car driving in the jitter can not adapt, but also turn out in the road before and after testing by the To turn restrictions.② millimeter wave radar and image sensor combination with image Sensor under the direction of the road, so as to control the transfer of laser or millimeter wave radar Moving direction, laser or millimeter wave radar to follow the car driving Drive rotation. Have Effective solution to the laser or millimeter wave radar inherent part of the defect, the detection sideTo the line, perspective view of the shortcomings of small or even 0, but the image sensors And Lei da Yun station control technology high. ③improvements in algorithmic research Study [18] - [20], if the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM - CM), two-lane Maximum matching hair, Larry detection, high-precision phase detection, narrowband compensation side Method, measured by the second difference method, etc. on the precision and improved anti-interference. Automotive collision avoidance systems are often not only in a technical, but full use of each Kind of technology expertise, the whole system performance greatly improved. An example of ChongqingAfter nearly a decade Chi Technology Co., Ltd. developed the "intelligent vehicle highway Active driving safety warning system ", Information Monitoring on each side of car is the super- Sound ranging principles. In the short-range ultrasonic distance measurement technique is very good, 4 - 5m range of powerful, but the car is moving in from the left and right sides of the information Auto close, so the use of its information gathering before and after image sensor. After nearly Decades of research, the company has been in the software algorithms have great breakthrough, as the U.S. State TI' s digital signal processor development, the company designs and more CPU Processors, so each CPU division of labor. Now, the company has been able to do per second Able to handle 37 images per second, far more than the film image, reaching as Frequency flow requirements, to ensure real-time detection, accuracy.From the twentieth century 80's, famous universities, research institutions And automobile manufacturers to actively research Automotive Collision warning systems, various transportCompanies and insurance companies are very concerned about how to reduce traffic accidents, the original Due to the following points: ① According to statistics, about 120 million people worldwide die each year payThrough accident, car accident not only caused the increase in economic losses, returned to the urban traffic Caused unnecessary congestion through to families in many wounds, so that people's health Living adversely affected, it has increasingly become concerned about social issues; ② Research That, as early as 1 s warning will reduced by 50% ~ 90% of rear-end accident; ③ security has beenThe focus of the automotive market, the survey shows that most users think the most important consideration The problem is that the safety car; ④great market prospects of the system [21]. Through the various existing features of vehicle collision avoidance warning systems, performance Analysis, we found that, ultrasonic, radar, laser has the following inherent flaw: ① in Car side there is more objective, not well identified the most dangerous targets, Lead to false positives; ② roads are not well detected corners dangerous target, subject to public Impact of road railings, also led to false positive and false negative; ③ radar and laser can be measured On the distance of several kilometers, but ineffective in the 200m the following high cost, big problemLittle to do, and they system complexity, bulky, expensive; ④ laser as Perception point of view is almost 0 directive, the weather and robustness;⑤machine vision The collision warning system with high technical requirements and hardware requirements by climate; ⑥ Infrared collision warning system is relatively the best, all-weather use,anti- Interference ability, but the system's technical requirements and hardware requirements are also high; ⑦ interaction Intelligent anti-collision warning system in the type of traffic information on a certain role in promoting, However, to supporting the use of cars widely used and requires a long process. Development of electronic technology will drive the development of collision warning systems. In order to prevent Collision warning system to overcome the shortcomings of each system above,the following aspects should : ① to improve anti-jamming capability, reduce false positives; ②increased visual angle, Improve the monitoring range; ③ enhance stability, reduce false positives, false negative; ④ increase in driving Members and automobile testing, because the collision in the driver's fatigue driving and vehicle Performance also has a relationship; ⑤ increased police decision-making factors, ultrasonic, radar, laser, etc. Alarm factor is the distance of cars and hazards should be considered relative velocity,The relative acceleration, vehicle and weather; ⑥ form of intelligent expert system to improve reporting Police real-time, accuracy, because the different models and different weather safetyDistance and time requirements of different security; ⑦industry standard form, it is imperative Because the product can not do without the successful application of industry standards.Collision Warning System will promote intelligent car, information, and Play a catalytic role on unmanned technology to make our journey in life Safe, comfortable, fast being.1.2中文翻译随着汽车大量增加,路上车流不息,使道路交通事故逐年大幅度增加,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。
汽车自动防撞系统历史
维基百科，自由的百科全书【摘】汽车防撞系统（英语：collision avoidance system）是一种利用通讯、控制与资讯科技侦测车辆周遭的动态状况，以辅助汽车驾驶人的安全科技。
依各家车厂不同的命名，另有预防碰撞系统（pre-crash system）、前方碰撞预警系统（forward collision warning system）、减少碰撞系统（collision mitigating system）等异称。
∙车道变换辅助系统（Audi Side Assist）：车尾的雷达感测器可侦测是否有车辆位于盲点区域，若系统侦测有车辆，能在驾驶人打方向灯并变换车道时，快速闪烁车侧后视镜的LED灯号，以警告侧边有来车接近。
∙车道偏离警示系统（Audi Lane Assist）：运用摄影机侦侧车道标线，若系统发现车辆开始偏移，便以震动方向盘的方式警告驾驶人；万一仍不修正偏移，则会介入并让车辆维持在车道之中。
∙预防追撞前车系统（Audi Pre Sense Front）：以雷达侦测与前车的距离，若系统判断车距过近，先是透过警示信号提醒驾驶人减速；若驾驶人并未减速，刹车辅助系统便会介入刹车，甚至加强刹车力道。
假设碰撞无可避免，此系统能够在碰撞发生前0.5秒完成所有的减速，大约可降低车速达40km/hr，同时启动警示灯后告知后方来车，且维持紧闭车窗与天窗、紧缩安全带，以减少追撞意外对乘员的伤害。
BMW德国BMW在2013年中期发表互联驾驶系统（BMW ConnectedDrive），整合了资讯、娱乐、行车辅助等多项功能，其中跟汽车防撞相关的功能包含下列：∙主动式定速控制系统（Active Cruise Control）：此系统可与碰撞警示暨刹车启动系统、车道变换警示系统、怠速熄火功能等一同连动。
在巡航定速的状态下，当前方车辆进入感测器的监控范围时，系统会自动降速以保持安全间距；等到前方车道净空时又恢复原先设定的时速。
驾考科目一英文系统缩写知识
撤三：撤销资格后三年不能申请驾照。 醉五：醉驾后五年不能申请驾照。 逃终生：驾车肇事逃逸，终生不能重新申请驾照。 二、注意事项: 1、科一考试时学员注意着装，不准穿拖鞋，电子产品和包包不准携带考场。 2、带好身份证，排队进入候考大厅。 3、观察大屏幕上注意事项及流程，进入考场前将随身物品放入保险柜。 4、进入考场，身份核对处分配座位，找到后开始考试，注意摄像头对准自己，遵守考试纪律，一次不过当天有 补考,再不过交钱重新预约。 5、结束后，排队领取成绩单，并签字，没有签字视为无效。
驾考科目一英文系统缩写知识
Hale Waihona Puke 驾考科目一英文系统缩写知识 科目一英文系统缩写有：ACC、ALC、AEBsAFS.APS等。具体如下： 一、自……系统：英文缩写第一个字母一般为A0 1、自适应巡航系统ACC(AdaptiveCruiseControl∖ 2、自动变道辅助系统ALC(AutoLaneChange\ 3、自动刹车辅助系统AEB(AutonomousEmergencyBraking∖ 4、自适应前大灯系统AFS(AdaptiveFront-LightingSystem∖ 5、自动泊车辅助系统APS(AutomatedParkingSystem∖ 二、带盲点(Blind)系统：英文缩写中应有字母Bo 1.盲点监测系统BSD(BlindSpotDetection∖ 2、车辆盲点辅助系统BSA(BIincISpotAssistSystemI3、盲点碰撞预警系统BCW(BlindCollisionWarning) 三、带(预)警(Warning)的系统：英文缩写中应有字母Wo 1.盲点碰撞预警系统BCW(BlindCollisionWarning∖ 2、驾驶员注意力警示系统DAW(DriverAttentionWarning)0
防撞的神奇汽车作文
防撞的神奇汽车作文英文回答：The magical car that can prevent collisions is truly a remarkable invention. Imagine driving on the road without worrying about accidents or crashes. This car uses advanced technology to detect potential dangers and take immediate action to avoid them.One of the key features of this car is its intelligent collision detection system. It uses sensors and cameras to constantly monitor the surrounding environment. If it detects a vehicle or obstacle in its path, it will automatically apply the brakes or steer away to prevent a collision. This feature alone can save countless lives and prevent countless accidents.Another amazing feature of this car is its adaptive cruise control. It uses radar technology to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front. It can automaticallyadjust the speed and acceleration to ensure a safe and comfortable driving experience. It's like having a personal chauffeur who knows exactly how to drive defensively.In addition to these safety features, the magical car also has a built-in emergency response system. In the event of an accident, it can automatically call for help and provide the exact location of the incident. This can significantly reduce the response time of emergencyservices and increase the chances of survival for those involved in the accident.Furthermore, this car is equipped with an advanced navigation system that can provide real-time trafficupdates and suggest alternative routes to avoid congested areas. This not only saves time but also reduces the riskof accidents caused by traffic jams or road closures.Overall, the magical car that can prevent collisions is a game-changer in the automotive industry. It combines cutting-edge technology with practical safety features to create a truly remarkable driving experience. With this car,I can confidently say that I am in safe hands and can enjoy the journey without worrying about potential accidents.中文回答：这辆能够防止碰撞的神奇汽车真是一项了不起的发明。
aeb术语和定义
aeb术语和定义
汽车自动紧急制动系统（AEB）是一种汽车主动安全技术，旨在协助驾驶员在紧急情况下自动刹车，以避免或减少碰撞事故的发生。
AEB系统通过环境感知传感器（如毫米波雷达或视觉摄像头等）感知前方可能与车辆、行人或其他交通参与者发生的碰撞风险，并通过系统自动触发执行机构（如电子稳定程序ESP）来实施制动。
AEB系统的工作原理是一个感知-运算-执行的闭环循环过程，基于车内传感器各种监测，配合系统控制器控制，与之配套的运行软件和算法组成的综合型电子控制系统。
AEB系统主要包含三个部分：控制模块（ECU），测距模块和制动模块。
测距模块的核心包括微波雷达、人脸识别技术和视频系统等，可以提供前方道路安全、准确、实时的图像和路况信息。
总的来说，AEB系统是一种预防性的主动安全技术，通过自动探测前方障碍物、判断碰撞风险，必要时发出报警及自动实施制动，旨在事先识别碰撞风险，完全规避碰撞发生或尽最大可能地减轻碰撞的强度，从而避免车辆追尾，或与行人及其他交通参与者发生碰撞事故。
AEB系统弥补了人和车的弱点，变被动为主动，变人动为自动，从根本上扼制了车祸事故的发生，把驾车的安全性提高到一个空前的高度，实现了真正意义上的主动安全。
基于超声波倒车雷达 外文翻译
外文翻译毕业设计题目：超声波倒车雷达预警原文1：DISTANCE MEASURING AND MONITORING DEVICE EQUIPPED AUTOMOBILE REVERSE RADAR译文1：距离测量和监控设备装备汽车反向雷达原文2：ULTRASONIC SENSOR ASSEMBLY FOR AVEHICLE REVERSING RADAR译文2DISTANCE MEASURING AND MONITORING DEVICE EQUIPPED AUTOMOBILE REVERSE RADAR(原文1)This design relates to an automobile commutating radar, an ultrasonic sensor comprising the radar. The ordinary car commutation radar is usually installed in the rear bumper of a car. The vehicle has a commutation radar sensor, a ceramic chip in the polarization electric field, due to the reverse piezoelectric vibration of the aluminum housing and transmitting an ultrasonic signal, and receiving the reflected ultrasonic signal into an effective distance. Therefore, a driver will know that this situation is reversed in the rear of the vehicle do not have to stop looking for the front of the vehicle.A good ultrasonic sensor ultrasonic signal should be sent to a central area, produced a strong reaction in order to achieve a sensitive detection. The distance along the line of its axis with reference to Figure 5, a conventional ultrasonic sensor sensitive areas, the reception sensitivity in a test has 250 cm, and a sensitive, including 60 degree angle in the above 2 (X) cm. Thus, the conventional sensor performance has a low accuracyIn some vehicles, the most traditional ultrasonic sensor mounted in the front and rear bumpers. Vehicles of a monitor in a dashboard display, ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle. However, with the conventional ultrasonic sensor has a sensitive wide angle, they must be installed in the end of the bumper to prevent the ultrasonic signals interfere with each other. However, the distance in each ultrasonic sensor is so large is still very low detection accuracy.In addition, when parking the vehicle, ultrasonic sensors often detect other vehicles parked next to the vehicle as an obstacle, so the driver may be a false alarm.Accordingly, the present design provides an improved ultrasonic sensors to reduce or eliminate the above problems.Summary of the designThe main purpose is to provide the design of an ultrasonic sensor sensitive to the radar has high precision long distance and a little sensitive to the angle of the car for. Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the design will become more apparent from the following detailed description together when an ultrasonic transducer assembly of the vehicle the commutation radar has an ultrasonic sensor and the two wires. A sleeve is received by the rubbermaterial and has a chamber sensor. A tapered opening that is defined in a front chamber. A wave guide cone is provided to open and close to the sensor in the center of the tapered. By using the sensor assembly, automotive radar there is a reversal of precision long detection distance in a concentrated area.The reference to the diagram, an ultrasonic sensor assembly for a car reversing radar, in accordance with the design consists of a sensor, a set, a guided wave cone, and a housing (ultrasonic sensor has a structure like traditional sensors, and two wires extending from sensors.Sleeve, usually made of rubber, there is one which is defined as the receiving sensor. A tapered shape of the opening is defined at the front and an opening formed on the lower side to prevent the ultrasonic signal reflected from the ground to cause false alarms. A flange formed on the rear of the sleeve.The definition channel for receiving signals. A rear cover is provided on the rear side of the space to encapsulate the sensor and the sleeve inside.In the assembled state shown in Figure 2, the guide wave cone installed you like bracket combination conical opening of the center of the casing and highlights. The heating wire extends the bracket backward and exit back cover. The sleeve is placed in the housing flange butt shoulder wires and heating wire extends from the back cover of the diaphragm. A pad, made of a resin or other soft material, is provided between the sleeve is An ci back cover, so the sleeve and the sensor housing can be stably received.Figure 4 illustrates a detector effect Contrast sensor and unguided wave cone, wherein the solid line illustrates the sensor wave guide cone, and the conflict lines described sensor without the guided wave taper. As shown in Figure 4, at a test frequency of about 40 kHz (35 kHz), gift of design of the sensor can be provided to an ultrasonic signal with a Federation higher than traditional sensors. Therefore, the design of detection better than traditional sensors作者：Joan Smith；Mike Howard ；国籍：USA出处：United States Patent距离测量和监控设备装备汽车反向雷达(译文1)本设计涉及一种汽车换向雷达,用一个超声波传感器组成该雷达。
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外文翻译---汽车防撞雷达系统
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
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外文出处：0-7803-C(77-8/Ol/$10.00)2001 IEEE
(用外文写)
附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
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汽车防撞雷达系统
倪国庆刘长满管永军王满生
桂林空军学院消防系
1引言
汽车从1886诞生于德国到现在已经100多年了，自那时起，汽车工业的发展带彻底改变全世界人们的生活。
近年来，随着中国经济的发展，道路交通发展迅速，尤其是高速公路的建设，为我国经济的快速发展起到了重要作用。
但是，由于某些原因，如车多路少，公路等级比较低，混合的行人、汽车交通和管理不善。
因此，在我国交通事故发生率很高。
例如，从上海到南京的高速公路上，每年都有超过一起车辆连环相撞事故。
这些事故造成了生命和财产的巨大损失，那么有什么方法可以阻止这一切呢？本文作者认为，除了重视交通安全，执行严格的交通法规以及进行更好的管理之外。
我们应该建立一个先进的车载防撞雷达系统来自动限制车速，以减少交通事故。
2 总体方案和基本原则
2.1 总体结构框图
总体方案是根据上面的原则设计的，如下图所示：
调制器震荡源
发射天线
控制装置接收天线
信号处理
速度调
节器
指示
图1：汽车防撞雷达系统的总体结构
我们采用的是传统的火控雷达设计，它的原理是采用单脉冲系统，只用一根天线进行传输和接收。
这种设计一方面降低了成本，另一方面也简化了信号的处理。
该类型的雷达测距精度小于5米。
其中用于发送和接收的天线被设置在汽车的前面发射电磁波了。
而电磁反射板则被安装在前面车的车尾，以此反映来自后面车的波信号。
处在后面的车通过将从前面车接受来的信号进行放大、检测和整理，从而计算出两车之间的距离。
该计划的另一个优点是它的成本也比较低。
由于只有一个测距雷达所需的检测范围是固定的（1200），因此它的作用距离不长（约1km）。
而且源功率不高，几乎没有天线，所以它的成本很低。
2.2 发射机
2.2.1 频率选择
影响频率选择的主要因素是雷达的功能方面，雷达需要有良好的搜索功能，高测距精度，所以我们采用毫米波。
采用毫米波的优点：(1)由于其具有较短的波长度，因此该系统将比较紧凑，且具有高测距精度；(2)其带宽很宽。
在毫米波段，有四个窗口作为大气传输，它们分别在8.6mm,3.2mm，2.1mm和1.4mm附近。
每个窗口的带宽很宽，他们分别为16 GHz，23GHz，26GHz和70GHz；(3)传输窗口的大气衰减和损耗很低。
在悬浮颗粒和粉尘，烟雾和空气污染的情况下衰减也很低。
原因是其低地面散射，地杂波和多径干扰低。
有两个叫柳条和韦伯的美国人比较了微波雷达、毫米波雷达、光学雷达优缺点。
他们的特点如下表所示:
表1：不同波段雷达系统之间的性能比较
特点微波雷达光雷达毫米雷达
跟踪精确度低高中
分类识别度弱强中
隐蔽性差好中
空中搜索能力强弱中
在恶劣环境下好差中
在雾或灰尘的环
好中差
境下
2.2.2 震荡源
雷达发射机主要由高频电源、调制器和电源组成。
有两种方法产生的高频电源：功率振荡器和主振放大。
本系统主要采用功率放大器作为振荡源，用于信号处理。
其优点为重量轻，体积小，比较方便。
主振荡器可应用于本系统的交叉场放大器和速调管及行波管和晶体管放大器等，通常它是应用在需要这种稳定场合的低功率器件。
例如：它们可以被用来作为相干运动目标指示系统的终端功率放大器，脉冲压缩雷达和脉冲多普勒系统。
2.2.3 发射天线
以下是某跟踪雷达的设计原理：采用定向天线来集中精力，使光束为针状波束。
其中，技术比较成熟的是一种较为理想的卡氏天线。
天线的选择取决于系统的要求：可随时检测的最大数量的目标；要跟踪的目标数目；速度和方位角和俯仰角的目标的目标和可能的范围的机动。
这些扫描仪包括最简单的和最便宜的机械扫描仪，复杂和昂贵的电子扫描仪。
其中，前者可以在不要求的情况下使用，后者可以是一个非常苛刻的条件下使用。
在两者之间的是混合扫描仪和机电扫描器。
最简单的是扫描式固定梁系统。
这种类型的系统，如唤醒测距雷达，不需要天线波束扫描。
我们就采用这种扫描。
2.3 信号处理系统
2.3.1 接收器
通过收发转换开关，反射电磁波信号进入接收机的信道得到混频后的中频信
号，然后将中频信号送入整流探测器进过放大后输出视频信号。
本系统采用超外差接收机，由于其具有较高的灵敏度和较低的成本，因此工作比较顺利。
在这个系统中，我们采用无冷却毫米波外差接收机，它采用的是梁式引线的砷化镓半导体器件。
非常适合用于频率范围是30到100兆赫之间的接收机。
目前导波分量频率超过100兆赫，而且该技术已经得到了广泛的应用。
因此，许多不同的传播媒介和技术也已发现毫米波集成电路的发展及其应用。
现在，许多多功能的组件已经被运用于悬浮带状线、微型带状线、鳍线缺口线和波导。
他们的频率在35到100兆赫之间。
毫米波接收机与普通微波接收机的结构是相同的。
总的来说，毫米波接收机使用高中频，但毫米波接收机在低频段（30000兆赫）采用和微波接收机相同的技术。
如集成电路接收器，气体放电管收发开关保护装置，接收机，滤波器，隔离器和幅度有限的环行器，PIN开关等。
2.3.2 数字信号处理
现在，雷达数字信号处理变得非常流行。
这使得我们生成数字信号并进行过滤成为现实，随着模拟/数字转换器和集成电路技术的发展以及快速傅立叶计算的出现。
数字信号处理已在其稳定性、重复性和灵活性上，显示出其优势。
理论上，数字信号处理在波形和滤波器功能上没有任何限制。
随着数字计算机的出现，我们可以有效地根据采样定理处理连续雷达信号。
频谱是基于采样的信号计算组。
2.3.3 数字脉冲压缩
在脉冲压缩技术中，数字系统能力十分强大，它可以在有效的时间内去做各种各样的处理。
在做完模拟信号到数字信号的转换处理之后，处理的数据可以存储在内存中，继续以一个较快或较慢的速度进行非实时处理。
为什么采用脉冲压缩技术？这主要是因为它具有强大的改进测试能力和更强的抗干扰性。
在一个非常密集活跃的电磁环境中，雷达之间彼此干扰将成为该课题一个非常严重的问题。
为此，我们不断研究，查找了大量的资料。
最终找到了使用不同的调制码和不同的匹配滤波器，从而达到了在脉冲压缩雷达设计中可以减少的雷达之间的相互干扰的目的。
2.3.4 数字匹配滤波
理想的数字匹配滤波方法是采用加权法计算抽头延迟线。
但是，最近快速傅立叶变换其周边卷积取代了这种方法。
随着装配线快速傅立叶变换技术的发展和浮点
设备的发展，宽动态范围和高速度的匹配滤波处理装置已经出现。
这个新的匹配滤波的处理方法称为步进变换，它使用子孔径处理，不仅降低了快速傅立叶变换的规模，并且其硬件不超过快速傅立叶卷积处理的一半。
2.4 显示器
在这个系统中，雷达显示器属于辅助设备类。
它主要提供司机两车的车距，显示速度。
我们采用比较流行的等离子体显示器，它可以通过微处理器完成经典程序和预编译的程序。
该等离子体显示器可以生成点、线和特殊符号，如小圆圈和块等。
等离子体显示器具有很多优点：与阴极射线管相比，它具有较高的稳定性，具有更长的使用寿命和更高的亮度比。
考虑到成本，我们将显示数据的部分采用发光二极管阵列。
2.5 控制和调整速度
装载机的雷达测量出两车之间的距离，将其转换成数字信号并与他的安全距离比较(1.5m)。
如果测量的距离小于安全距离。
该雷达将输出一个正误差信号来控制调节系统来降低汽车的速度，直到两车达到设置距离。
否则，该雷达将输出一个负误差信号来控制和调整汽车的移动速度。
汽车的速度不能超过速度限制。
此外，如果司机不想有这么高的速度，他可以进行手动控制。
当有一个负误差信号时，司机进行手动控制时将出字幕。
速度会自动减慢。
最适合的调速系统为无级变速系统。
该控制系统如图2所示：
图2：速度控制系统框图
实际测量数 两车车距的最
加速数据 误差信号电路 可调装置
数字计算
3 小结
这是一个二十一世纪非常关键的项目，它的出现可以减少一些不必要的经济损失，从而创造更大的经济效益和社会效益，具有重大的意义。
其原型也已经产生，不过到目前为止它还只是个实验。
因此，大家如果有任何意见和建议，十分欢迎。
附件2：外文原文（复印件）(网络查阅的资料可以打印)。