2018年河北省衡水金卷普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟(调研卷)试题(二)理综(word版)
【衡水金卷】2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题(二,压轴卷)数学(理)试题
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题理科数学(二)本试卷共4页，23题(含选考题)。
全卷满分1 50分。
考试用时120分钟。
第I 卷一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中。
只有一项是符合 题目要求的。
1．已知集合{}{}1,1,2,3,5,6,210xA B x Z =-=∈<，则AB=A ．{1}B ．{l ，2}C ．{1，2，3}D ．{一1，1，2，3}2．设i 为虚数单位，复数z 满足2(13)(3)i z i +=-+，则共轭复数z 的虚部为 A ．3i B ．3i - C ．3 D ．3- 3．学生李明上学要经过4个路口，前三个路口遇到红灯的概率均为12，第四个路口遇到 红灯的概率为13，设在各个路口是否遇到红灯互不影响，则李明从家到学校恰好遇到 一次红灯的概率为 A ．724 B ．14 C ． 124 D ． 184．已知双曲线方程为22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>，F 1，F 2为双曲线的左、右焦点，P 为渐近线上一点且在第一象限，且满足120PF PF ⋅=，若1230PF F ︒∠=，则双曲线的离心率为 A ．2 B ．2 C ．22 D ．3 5．已知θ为锐角，1cos 211cos 22θθ-=+，则sin()3πθ+的值为A ．264+ B ．624- C ．366+ D ．3236+ 6．执行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的s 的值为A ．一1B ．一2C ．1D ．27．2101211011112(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)x x a x a x a x a +-=-+-++-+，则01211a a a a ++++的值为A ．2B ．0C ．一 2D ．一48．某几何体三视图如图所示，则该几何体的表面积为 A ．2052π-B ．203π-C ．24π-D ．12π+9．已知34a b ==12，则a ，b 不可能满足的关系是 A ．a +b >4 B ．ab >4C ．(a 一1)2+(b —1)2>2D ．a 2+b 2<8 10．若函数()sin()(0)6f x x πωω=+>在区间(π，2π)内没有最值，则ω的取值范围是 A ．112(0,][,]1243 B ．(0，16][13，23] C ．[12,43] D ．[12,33] 11．过抛物线x 2=2p y (p>0)上两点A ，B 分别作抛物线的切线，若两切线垂直且交于点 P(1，一2)，则直线AB 的方程为 A ．122y x =+ B ．124y x =+ C ．132y x =+ D ．134y x =+ l 2．在正三棱锥(底面是正三角形，顶点在底面的射影是底面三角形的中心的 三棱锥)O 一ABC 中，OA ，OB ，OC 三条侧棱两两垂直，正三棱锥O —ABC 的内切球与三个侧面切点分别为D ，E ，F ，与底面ABC 切于点G ，则三棱 锥G —DEF 与O —ABC 的体积之比为 A ．23318+ B ．23318- C ．6239+ D ．6239- 第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。
衡水金卷2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题理综化学试题2 (2)
衡水金卷2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟（调研卷）试题（二）理综化学试题【试卷整体分析】考试范围：高考范围试题难度：一般【题型考点分析】第I卷（选择题）1．化学与社会、生活密切相关,下列说法正确的是A．通过浸渍水玻璃的方法防止木材腐朽B．宣纸的主要成分为蛋白质,酸性条件下易水解C．地沟油的主要成分与柴油的主要成分相同,所以地沟油可用于制生物柴油D．SO2有毒,不能用作食品漂白剂和食品防腐剂添加在粉条、红酒等食品饮料中【答案】A【解析】A．水玻璃具有防腐阻燃的作用，故A正确；B．纸的主要成分为纤维素，故B错误；C．地沟油的主要成分为高级脂肪酸甘油酯，茶油的主要成分为烃，故C错误；D．SO2是在葡萄酒生产中普遍使用的一种食品添加剂，故D错误；本题选A。
学#科网点睛：二氧化硫不能用作其他食品的添加剂，但是可以用于葡萄酒的生产。
2．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列有关叙述正确的是A．标准状况下，足量的铜与一定量浓硝酸反应，每生成224 mL气体，转移电子数目为0.01N AB．一定条件下，一定量的氧气通过Na单质后，Na单质增重3.2 g，转移电子数目为0.4N AC．0.1mol/L的CH3COONa溶液中所含碳原子总数为0.2N AD．4 g SiC 中所含碳硅键数目为0.4N A【答案】D【解析】A．随着反应的进行，浓硝酸公变稀，生成的气体就会发生变化转移电子数日无法计算，故A项错误；B．氧气与Na单质反应得到的产物有可能是氧化钠，也有可能是过氧化钠，转移电子数日无法计算，B项错误；C．未给出溶液体积，故C项错误；D．4gSiC即0.1molSiC．含碳硅键数目为0.4mol，故D项正确。
点睛：SiC是原子晶体，每个Si和C都平均有2个共价键。
3．分子式为C4H6O2的链状有机物M能与NaHCO3溶液反应产生CO2，下列关于M的说法中不正确的是A．能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液和溴水褪色B．同系物的通式为C n H2n-2O2(n≥3)C．与HBr发生加成反应，最多有6种不同的结构( 不考虑立体异构)D．分子中至少有6个原于共平面【答案】C【解析】分子式为C4H6O2的链状有机物且含有羧基，根据分子式可知含碳碳双键，故A、D项正确；同系物的通式为C n H2n-2O2(n≥3)，故B项正确；M的结构简式可能为CH2=CHCH2COOH、CH3CH=CHCOOH、CH2=C(CH3)COOH，这3种物质与HBr加成时均可得到两种不同的物质，但其中有两种物质的结构简式均为CH3CHBRCH2COOH，即为5种结构，C 项错误；故选C。
(衡水金卷)2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题二
（衡水金卷）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题二本试题卷共8页。
全卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMovie Nights at the Museum brings you classic movies in a classic location. Each film has been chosen for its connection to an area of our knowledge.We start this movie season with ocean-inspired cinema to celebrate the arrival of the noble blue whale in the Museum’s typical hall, the site for the series.So get your popcorn, take your seat, and settle in for Movie Nights at the Museum. JawsDid you know that great whites actually find the taste of human flesh not tasty? However, this legendary Steven Spielberg thriller sees a giant great white shark cause destruction on the shores of a New England beach town in the mid-1970s. Free WillyDid you know that the killer whale is not a whale? It’s actually a dolphin. In this heart-warming 90s classic, orphan Jesse makes friends with a trapped killer whale and does whatever it takes to return him to his family and ocean home. Finding NemoContrary to popular belief, fish are actually good at remembering things. Follow young clownfish Nemo, taken unexpectedly from his Great Barrier Reef home, and his father and forgetful partner who go on a brave journey to find him, in this charming Disney adventure.The Little MermaidIn this classic Disney tale of a mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human, Ariel falls in love with a handsome prince, much to the sadness of her father and long-suffering friends. But did you know that a fish is actually brown and flat,with both eyes on one side of its body?Ticket: £ 28, Member: £ 25.1. In which movie do fish memorize things well?A. Jaws.B. Free Willy.C. Finding Nemo.D. The Little Mermaid2. Who helps a whale return to his home?A. Ariel.B. Jesse.C. Nemo.D. Steven.3. Who will most likely be interested in the passage?A. A scientist on farming.B. A director of war movies.C. A teenager liking ocean life.D. A farmer hating cruel animals.BMany experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this.Billy Wilder was born in 1906 in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Billy Wilder started law school in Vienna, Austria. However, he began reporting for a Vienna newspaper after graduation. By the 1920s, he was writing movies in Germany. However, the Nazis had risen to power in the nation. Wider was Jewish, and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany. In 1933, he went to Paris. There he directed a movie for the first time. It was called “The Bad Seed”. Then he received word that producers in the United States had accepted one of his scripts. Billy Wilder left Europe for America.In America he formed a writing team with Charles Brackett. The two writers created many films together. Wilder and Brackett wrote several successful movies.One was the nineteen thirty-nine movie, “Ninotchka”, starring Greta Garbo. Ernst Lubitsch directed the film. Wilder always praised this man as a friend and teacher whose humor and expert direction greatly influenced his works.In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The nest year, Wilder’s first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was “The Seven Year Itch”. In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular. I.A.L. Diamond joined Wilder in writing “Some Like It Hot”.By the 1980s, Wilder no longer was considered the most unusual, creative movie-maker in Hollywood. In recent years, however, Billy Wilder received many more awards and honors. Critics praised his gifts to movie making. In 1987, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. It is the highest award a producer can receive.4. Which is Wilder’s first successful movie as an independent filmmaker?A. Ninotchka.B. The Bad Seed.C. Some Like It Hot.D. The Seven Year Itch.5. What can we know about Wilder according to the text?A. He intended to be a lawyer at first.B. He starred a movie for the first time in Paris.C. He is the first director to make realistic movies.D. He has been accepted as the most creative movie-maker.6. Why did Wilder leave Germany?A. He was Jewish and couldn’t develop there.B. The Nazis were searching for him everywhere.C. He was invited to produce his script in America.D. He expected to go to Paris to form a writing team.7. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Maker of History of American MoviesB. Billy Wilder — a Best Movie Maker。
【全国省级联考】衡水金卷2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟(调研卷)试题(二)理综生物试题(解析
衡水金卷2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟（调研卷）试题（二）理综生物试题一、选择题1. 蓝球藻和小球藻在细胞结构等方面存在着较大的差异。
下列对于这两种生物的叙述正确的是A. 均含有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素B. 均在叶绿体基质中完成二氧化碳的固定和还原C. 细胞膜均有控制内外物质交换的作用D. 有丝分裂过程中均会以一定方式形成细胞壁【答案】C【解析】蓝球藻属于原核生物，细胞内含有叶绿素和藻蓝素，不含类胡萝卜素，小球藻属于真核生物，细胞内叶绿体中含有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素，A错误；蓝球藻中没有叶绿体，B错误；不管是原核细胞还是真核细胞，它们的细胞膜都有控制物质进出的功能，C正确；原核细胞不能行有丝分裂，有丝分裂是真核细胞的分裂方式之一，D错误。
2. 下列做法对实验结论的得出不会产生明显影响的是A. 进行酵母菌计数时从静置的试管中吸取培养液滴在计数室内B. 用洋葱鳞片叶内表皮作为材料观察植物细胞有丝分裂C. 测定种子萌发初期呼吸速率变化的实验在光照条件下进行D. 探索生长素类似物促进插条生根的最适浓度时不设蒸馏水处理的组别【答案】C【解析】进行酵母菌计数时，从静置的试管中吸取培养液滴在计数室内，可导致实验误差加大，正确的做法是：吸取培养液计数前要将试管轻轻振荡几次，以使培养液中的酵母菌均匀分布，A错误；洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞已经高度分化，失去了分裂能力，不能作为观察植物细胞有丝分裂的实验材料，B错误；种子萌发初期，细胞中还没有形成叶绿体，不能进行光合作用，此时，测定种子萌发初期呼吸速率变化的实验在光照条件下进行，对实验结论的得出不会产生明显影响，C正确；探索生长素类似物促进插条生根的最适浓度时，只有与设蒸馏水处理的对照组对比，才能明辨生长素类似物对插条生根的作用是促进还是抑制，否则对实验结论的得出会产生明显影响，D错误。
3. 如图为人体免疫过程的示意图。
下列与此图相关的说法错误的是A. 图中的同有免疫应答属于第二进防线B. 图中淋巴细胞接受抗原刺激后大部分分化为记忆细胞C. 图中接受抗原刺激的淋巴细胞不可能是浆细胞D. 图中过程能说明免疫系统具有防卫功能【答案】B【解析】分析图示可知，图中固有免疫应答是噬菌细胞可对部分病原体的非特异性吞噬处理，属于人体第二道防线，A正确；图中淋巴细胞接受抗原刺激后只有小部分分化为记忆细胞，其中大部分分化为浆细胞，B错误；浆细胞不具有识别抗原的功能，图中接受抗原刺激的淋巴细胞不可能是浆细胞，C正确；图中过程能说明免疫系统具有识别、防御和杀灭外来病原体的功能，即体现了免疫系统的防卫功能，D正确。
模拟试卷】衡水金卷2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷理科数学(二)试题Word版含答案
模拟试卷】衡水金卷2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷理科数学(二)试题Word版含答案2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题理数(二)第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知集合$A=\{x|y=x^2-2x\}$，$B=\{y|x^2+1\}$，则$A\cap B=$（）A。
$[1,+\infty)$B。
$[2,+\infty)$C。
$(-\infty,2]\cup[2,+\infty)$D。
$(-\infty,+\infty)$2.已知$a\in R$，且$a>0$，$i$是虚数单位，$\frac{a+i}{2+i}=2$，则$a=$（）A。
4B。
32C。
19D。
253.已知$\theta$为直线$y=3x-5$的倾斜角，若$A(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)$，$B(2\cos\theta+\sin\theta,5\cos\theta-\sin\theta)$，则直线AB的斜率为（）A。
3B。
-4C。
$\frac{11}{3}$D。
$-\frac{3}{4}$4.双曲线$\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a>0,b>0)$的渐近线与抛物线$y=x^2+1$相切，则双曲线的离心率为（）A。
2B。
3C。
$\sqrt{2}$D。
$\sqrt{5}$5.袋中装有4个红球、3个白球，甲、乙按先后次序无放回地各摸取一球，在甲摸到了白球的条件下，乙摸到白球的概率是（）A。
$\frac{3}{11}$B。
$\frac{1}{2}$C。
$\frac{7}{25}$D。
$\frac{9}{25}$6.《算法统宗》是中国古代数学名著，由XXX所著，其中记载这样一首诗：九百九十九文钱，甜果苦果买一千，四文钱买苦果七，十一文钱九个甜，甜苦两果各几个？请XXX算莫迟疑！其含义为：用九百九十九文钱共买了一千个甜果和苦果，其中四文钱可以买苦果七个，十一文钱可以买甜果九个，请问究竟甜、苦果各有几个？现有如图所示的程序框图，输入$m,n$分别代表钱数和果子个数，则符合输出值$p$的为（）A。
衡水金卷2018年高考模拟卷(二)英语试题Word版含答案
本试题卷共8页。
全卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMovie Nights at the Museum brings you classic movies in a classic location. Each film has been chosen for its connection to an area of our knowledge.We start this movie season with ocean-inspired cinema to celebrate the arrival of the noble blue whale in the Museum’s typical hall, the site for the series.So get your popcorn, take your seat, and settle in for Movie Nights at the Museum.JawsDid you know that great whites actually find the taste of human flesh not tasty? However, this legendary Steven Spielberg thriller sees a giant great white shark cause destruction on the shores of a New England beach town in the mid-1970s.Free WillyDid you know that the killer whale is not a whale? It’s actually a dolphin. In this heart-warming 90s classic, orphan Jesse makes friends with a trapped killer whale and does whatever it takes to return him to his family and ocean home.Finding NemoContrary to popular belief, fish are actually good at remembering things. Follow young clownfish Nemo, taken unexpectedly from his Great Barrier Reef home, and his father and forgetful partner who go on a brave journey to find him, in this charming Disney adventure.The Little MermaidIn this classic Disney tale of a mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human, Ariel falls in love with a handsome prince, much to the sadness of her father and long-suffering friends. But did you know that a fish is actually brown and flat, with both eyes on one side of its body?Ticket: £ 28, Member: £ 25.1. In which movie do fish memorize things well?A. Jaws.B. Free Willy.C. Finding Nemo.D. The Little Mermaid2. Who helps a whale return to his home?A. Ariel.B. Jesse.C. Nemo.D. Steven.3. Who will most likely be interested in the passage?A. A scientist on farming.B. A director of war movies.C. A teenager liking ocean life.D. A farmer hating cruel animals.BMany experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this.Billy Wilder was born in 1906 in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Billy Wilder started law school in Vienna, Austria. However, he began reporting for a Vienna newspaper after graduation. By the 1920s, he was writing movies in Germany. However, the Nazis had risen to power in the nation. Wider was Jewish, and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany. In 1933, he went to Paris. There he directed a movie for the first time. It was called “The Bad Seed”. Then he received word that producers in the United States had accepted one of his scripts. Billy Wilder left Europe for America.In America he formed a writing team with Charles Brackett. The two writers created many films together. Wilder and Brackett wrote several successful movies. One was the nineteen thirty-nine movie, “Ninotchka”, starring Greta Garbo. Ernst Lubitsch directed the film. Wilder always praised this man as a friend and teacher whose humor and expert direction greatly influenced his works.In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The nest year, Wilder’s first movie asan independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was “The Seven Year Itch”. In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular. I.A.L. Diamond joined Wilder in writing “Some Like It Hot”.By the 1980s, Wilder no longer was considered the most unusual, creative movie-maker in Hollywood. In recent years, however, Billy Wilder received many more awards and honors. Critics praised his gifts to movie making. In 1987, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. It is the highest award a producer can receive.4. Which is Wilder’s first successful movie as an independent filmmaker?A. Ninotchka.B. The Bad Seed.C. Some Like It Hot.D. The Seven Year Itch.5. What can we know about Wilder according to the text?A. He intended to be a lawyer at first.B. He starred a movie for the first time in Paris.C. He is the first director to make realistic movies.D. He has been accepted as the most creative movie-maker.6. Why did Wilder leave Germany?A. He was Jewish and couldn’t develop there.B. The Nazis were searching for him everywhere.C. He was invited to produce his script in America.D. He expected to go to Paris to form a writing team.7. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Maker of History of American MoviesB. Billy Wilder —a Best Movie MakerC. An Autobiography of a DirectorD. The Best Director and ProducerCThe sixth mass extinction of life on the Earth is unfolding more quickly than feared, scientists have warned. More than 30 percent of animals with a backbone —fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals —are declining in both range and population, according to the first comprehensiveanalysis of these trends.Around a decade ago, experts feared that a new range wipeout of species was appearing. Today, most agree that it is underway —but the new study suggests that the die-out is already growing fast.The loss of biodiversity has recently accelerated. Several species of mammals that were relatively safe one or two decades ago are now endangered, including cheetahs, lions and giraffes, the study showed.There is no mystery as to why: our own ever-expanding species —which has more than doubled in number since 1960 to 7.4 billion —is eating, crowding and polluting its planetary cohabitants out of existence. By comparison, there are as few as 20,000 lions left in the wild, less than 7,000 cheetahs, 500 to 1,000 giant pandas.The main drivers of wildlife decline are habitat loss, over-consumption, pollution, other species, disease, as well as hunting in the case of tigers, elephants, rhinos and other large animals prized for their body parts.Climate change is thought to become a major threat in the coming decades, with some animals —most famously polar bears —already in decline due to rising temperatures and changing weather patterns.8. What does the underlined word “accelerated” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Made up.B. Put up.C. Sped up.D. Used up.9. Why has the loss of biodiversity sped up?A. The mankind’s population is growing fast.B. The air pollution is too severe.C. There are fewer species in larger areas.D. Man causes wider water pollution.10. Which is not the main driver of wildlife decline?A. Outside animals.B. Loss of living areas.C. Various illnesses.D. Lack of water.11. How is the future of polar bears?A. Uncertain.B. Hopeful.C. Doubtful.D. Unsatisfying.DWhen your child lies to you, it hurts. As parents, it makes us angry and we take it personally. We feel like we can never trust our child again. Why does lying cause such anger, pain and worry for parents?Parents are understandably very afraid of their children getting hurt and getting into trouble, but they have very little protection against these things as they send their kids out into the word. Kids learn from other kids and from external media, and this makes parents feel unsafe because they can’t control the information and ideas that their children are exposed to.When your kid lies, you start to see him as “s neaky（卑鄙的）”, especially if he continues to lie to you. You feel that he’s going behind your back. You begin to think that your kids are “bad”. Because, certainly, if lying is bad, liars are bad. It’s just that simple. Parents need to make their kids responsible for lying. But the mistake parents make is that they start to b lame the kid for lying. It’s considered immoral to lie. But when you look at your kid like he’s a sneak, it’s a slippery slope （滑坡谬误）that starts with “You lie” and ends up at “You’re a bad person”.Kids know lying is forbidden. But they don’t see it as hurtful. So a kid will say, “I know it’s wrong that l eat a sugar snack when I’m not supposed to. But who does it hurt?” “I know it’s wrong that I trade my dried fruit for a Twinkie. But it doesn’t really hurt anybody. I can handle it. What’s the big deal?” That’s what the kid sees.So I think t hat parents have to assume that kids are going to tell them lies, because they’re immature and they don’t understand how hurtful these things are. They’re all drawn to excitement, and they’ll all have a tendency to distort（歪曲）the truth because they’re kids.12. Why do parents worry about their kids and feel unsafe?A. Nobody trusts their kids in the world because of lying.B. Lying always causes their kids to get hurt or get into trouble.C. Their kids are exposed to outside world without their control.D. They can’t protect their kids from other kids and external media.13. What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ seeing kids as bad if they lie?A. Immoral.B. Negative.C. Supportive.D. Different.14. The underlined word “they” really refers to ________.A. parentsB. their childrenC. other kidsD. bad things15. How do parents react to kids’ lying?A. Taking no notice of itB. Blaming them immediately.C. Pretending to be angry and educate them.D. Accept it but make them responsible for it.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(衡水金卷)2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题二
（衡水金卷）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题二本试题卷共8页。
全卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMovie Nights at the Museum brings you classic movies in a classic location. Each film has been chosen for its connection to an area of our knowledge.We start this movie season with ocean-inspired cinema to celebrate the arrival of the noble blue whale in the Museum’s typical hall, the site for the series.So get your popcorn, take your seat, and settle in for Movie Nights at the Museum. JawsDid you know that great whites actually find the taste of human flesh not tasty? However, this legendary Steven Spielberg thriller sees a giant great white shark cause destruction on the shores of a New England beach town in the mid-1970s. Free WillyDid you know that the killer whale is not a whale? It’s actually a dolphin. In this heart-warming 90s classic, orphan Jesse makes friends with a trapped killer whale and does whatever it takes to return him to his family and ocean home. Finding NemoContrary to popular belief, fish are actually good at remembering things. Follow young clownfish Nemo, taken unexpectedly from his Great Barrier Reef home, and his father and forgetful partner who go on a brave journey to find him, in this charming Disney adventure.The Little MermaidIn this classic Disney tale of a mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human, Ariel falls in love with a handsome prince, much to the sadness of her father and long-suffering friends. But did you know that a fish is actually brown and flat,with both eyes on one side of its body?Ticket: £ 28, Member: £ 25.1. In which movie do fish memorize things well?A. Jaws.B. Free Willy.C. Finding Nemo.D. The Little Mermaid2. Who helps a whale return to his home?A. Ariel.B. Jesse.C. Nemo.D. Steven.3. Who will most likely be interested in the passage?A. A scientist on farming.B. A director of war movies.C. A teenager liking ocean life.D. A farmer hating cruel animals.BMany experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this.Billy Wilder was born in 1906 in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Billy Wilder started law school in Vienna, Austria. However, he began reporting for a Vienna newspaper after graduation. By the 1920s, he was writing movies in Germany. However, the Nazis had risen to power in the nation. Wider was Jewish, and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany. In 1933, he went to Paris. There he directed a movie for the first time. It was called “The Bad Seed”. Then he received word that producers in the United States had accepted one of his scripts. Billy Wilder left Europe for America.In America he formed a writing team with Charles Brackett. The two writers created many films together. Wilder and Brackett wrote several successful movies.One was the nineteen thirty-nine movie, “Ninotchka”, starring Greta Garbo. Ernst Lubitsch directed the film. Wilder always praised this man as a friend and teacher whose humor and expert direction greatly influenced his works.In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The nest year, Wilder’s first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was “The Seven Year Itch”. In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular. I.A.L. Diamond joined Wilder in writing “Some Like It Hot”.By the 1980s, Wilder no longer was considered the most unusual, creative movie-maker in Hollywood. In recent years, however, Billy Wilder received many more awards and honors. Critics praised his gifts to movie making. In 1987, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. It is the highest award a producer can receive.4. Which is Wilder’s first successful movie as an independent filmmaker?A. Ninotchka.B. The Bad Seed.C. Some Like It Hot.D. The Seven Year Itch.5. What can we know about Wilder according to the text?A. He intended to be a lawyer at first.B. He starred a movie for the first time in Paris.C. He is the first director to make realistic movies.D. He has been accepted as the most creative movie-maker.6. Why did Wilder leave Germany?A. He was Jewish and couldn’t develop there.B. The Nazis were searching for him everywhere.C. He was invited to produce his script in America.D. He expected to go to Paris to form a writing team.7. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Maker of History of American MoviesB. Billy Wilder — a Best Movie MakerC. An Autobiography of a DirectorD. The Best Director and ProducerCThe sixth mass extinction of life on the Earth is unfolding more quickly than feared, scientists have warned. More than 30 percent of animals with a backbone —fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals — are declining in both range and population, according to the first comprehensive analysis of these trends.Around a decade ago, experts feared that a new range wipeout of species was appearing. Today, most agree that it is underway — but the new study suggests that the die-out is already growing fast.The loss of biodiversity has recently accelerated. Several species of mammals that were relatively safe one or two decades ago are now endangered, including cheetahs, lions and giraffes, the study showed.There is no mystery as to why: our own ever-expanding species — which has more than doubled in number since 1960 to 7.4 billion — is eating, crowding and polluting its planetary cohabitants out of existence. By comparison, there are as few as 20,000 lions left in the wild, less than 7,000 cheetahs, 500 to 1,000 giant pandas.The main drivers of wildlife decline are habitat loss, over-consumption, pollution, other species, disease, as well as hunting in the case of tigers, elephants, rhinos and other large animals prized for their body parts.Climate change is thought to become a major threat in the coming decades, with some animals — most famously polar bears — already in decline due to rising temperatures and changing weather patterns.8. What does the underlined word “accelerated” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Made up.B. Put up.C. Sped up.D. Used up.9. Why has the loss of biodiversity sped up?A. The mankind’s population is growing fast.B. The air pollution is too severe.C. There are fewer species in larger areas.D. Man causes wider water pollution.10. Which is not the main driver of wildlife decline?A. Outside animals.B. Loss of living areas.C. Various illnesses.D. Lack of water.11. How is the future of polar bears?A. Uncertain.B. Hopeful.C. Doubtful.D. Unsatisfying.DWhen your child lies to you, it hurts. As parents, it makes us angry and we take it personally. We feel like we can never trust our child again. Why does lying cause such anger, pain and worry for parents?Parents are understandably very afraid of their children getting hurt and getting into trouble, but they have very little protection against these things as they send their kids out into the word. Kids learn from other kids and from external media, and this makes parents feel unsafe because they can’t control the information and ideas that their children are exposed to.When your kid lies, you start to see him as “s neaky（卑鄙的）”, especially if he continues to lie to you. You feel that he’s going behind your back. You begin to think that your kids are “bad”. Because, certainly, if lying is bad, liars are bad. It’s just that simple. Parents need to make their kids responsible for lying. But the mistake parents make is that they start to blame the kid for lying. It’s considered immoral to lie. But when you look at your kid like he’s a sneak, it’s a slippery slope （滑坡谬误）that starts with “You lie” and ends up at “You’re a bad person”.Kids know lying is forbidden. But they don’t see it as hurtful. So a kid will say, “I know it’s wrong that l eat a sugar snack when I’m not supposed to. But who does it hurt?” “I know it’s wrong that I trade my dried fruit for a Twinkie. But it doesn’t really hurt anybody. I can handle it. What’s the big deal?” That’swhat the kid sees.So I think that parents have to assume that kids are going to tell them lies, because they’re immature and they don’t understand how hurtful these things are. They’re all d rawn to excitement, and they’ll all have a tendency to distort（歪曲）the truth because they’re kids.12. Why do parents worry about their kids and feel unsafe?A. Nobody trusts their kids in the world because of lying.B. Lying always causes their kids to get hurt or get into trouble.C. Their kids are exposed to outside world without their control.D. They can’t protect their kids from other kids and external media.13. What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ seeing kids as bad if they lie?A. Immoral.B. Negative.C. Supportive.D. Different.14. The underlined word “they” really refers to ________.A. parentsB. their childrenC. other kidsD. bad things15. How do parents react to kids’ lying?A. Taking no notice of itB. Blaming them immediately.C. Pretending to be angry and educate them.D. Accept it but make them responsible for it.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题二
（衡水金卷调研卷）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题英语二本试题卷共8页。
全卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解（百强校英语解析团队专供）（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMovie Nights at the Museum brings you classic movies in a classic location. Each film has been chosen for its connection to an area of our knowledge.We start this movie season with ocean-inspired cinema to celebrate the arrival of the noble blue whale in the Museum’s typical hall, the site for the series.So get your popcorn, take your seat, and settle in for Movie Nights at the Museum. JawsDid you know that great whites actually find the taste of human flesh not tasty? However, this legendary Steven Spielberg thriller sees a giant great white shark cause destruction on the shores of a New England beach town in the mid-1970s.Free WillyDid you know that the killer whale is not a whale? I t’s actually a dolphin. In this heart-warming 90s classic, orphan Jesse makes friends with a trapped killer whale and does whatever it takes to return him to his family and ocean home.Finding NemoContrary to popular belief, fish are actually good at remembering things. Follow young clownfish Nemo, taken unexpectedly from his Great Barrier Reef home, and his father and forgetful partner who go on a brave journey to find him, in this charming Disney adventure.The Little MermaidIn this classic Disney tale of a mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human, Ariel falls in love with a handsome prince, much to the sadness of her father andlong-suffering friends. But did you know that a fish is actually brown and flat, with both eyes on one side of its body?Ticket: £ 28, Member: £ 25.1. In which movie do fish memorize things well?A. Jaws.B. Free Willy.C. Finding Nemo.D. The Little Mermaid2. Who helps a whale return to his home?A. Ariel.B. Jesse.C. Nemo.D. Steven.3. Who will most likely be interested in the passage?A. A scientist on farming.B. A director of war movies.C. A teenager liking ocean life.D. A farmer hating cruel animals.BMany experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this.Billy Wilder was born in 1906 in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Billy Wilder started law school in Vienna, Austria. However, he began reporting for a Vienna newspaper after graduation. By the 1920s, he was writing movies in Germany. However, the Nazis had risen to power in the nation. Wider was Jewish, and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany. In 1933, he went to Paris. There he directed a movie for the first time. I t was called “The Bad Seed”. Then he received word that producers in the United States had accepted one of his scripts. Billy Wilder left Europe for America.In America he formed a writing team with Charles Brackett. The two writers created many films together. Wilder and Brackett wrote several successful movies. One was the nineteen thirty-nine movie, “Ninotchka”, starring Greta Garbo. Ernst Lubitsch directed the film. Wilder always praised this man as a friend and teacher whose humor and expert direction greatly influenced his works.In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The nest year, Wilder’s first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was “The Sev en Year Itch”. In 1959, Wilder m ade a funny movie that was very popular. I.A.L. Diamondjoined Wilder in writing “Some Like It Hot”.By the 1980s, Wilder no longer was considered the most unusual, creative movie-maker in Hollywood. In recent years, however, Billy Wilder received many more awards and honors. Critics praised his gifts to movie making. In 1987, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. It is the highest award a producer can receive.4. Whi ch is Wilder’s first succes sful movie as an independent filmmaker?A. Ninotchka.B. The Bad Seed.C. Some Like It Hot.D. The Seven Year Itch.5. What can we know about Wilder according to the text?A. He intended to be a lawyer at first.B. He starred a movie for the first time in Paris.C. He is the first director to make realistic movies.D. He has been accepted as the most creative movie-maker.6. Why did Wilder leave Germany?A. He was Jewish and couldn’t develop there.B. The Nazis were searching for him everywhere.C. He was invited to produce his script in America.D. He expected to go to Paris to form a writing team.7. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Maker of History of American MoviesB. Billy Wilder — a Best Movie MakerC. An Autobiography of a DirectorD. The Best Director and ProducerCThe sixth mass extinction of life on the Earth is unfolding more quickly than feared, scientists have warned. More than 30 percent of animals with a backbone —fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals — are declining in both range and population, according to the first comprehensive analysis of these trends.Around a decade ago, experts feared that a new range wipeout of species was appearing. Today, most agree that it is underway — but the new study suggests that the die-out is already growing fast.The loss of biodiversity has recently accelerated. Several species of mammals that were relatively safe one or two decades ago are now endangered, including cheetahs, lions and giraffes, the study showed.There is no mystery as to why: our own ever-expanding species — which has more than doubled in number since 1960 to 7.4 billion — is eating, crowding and polluting its planetary cohabitants out of existence. By comparison, there are as few as 20,000 lions left in the wild, less than 7,000 cheetahs, 500 to 1,000 giant pandas.The main drivers of wildlife decline are habitat loss, over-consumption, pollution, other species, disease, as well as hunting in the case of tigers, elephants, rhinos and other large animals prized for their body parts.Climate change is thought to become a major threat in the coming decades, with some animals — most famously polar bears — already in decline due to rising temperatures and changing weather patterns.8. What does the underl ined word “accelerated” in Pa ragraph 3 mean?A. Made up.B. Put up.C. Sped up.D. Used up.9. Why has the loss of biodiversity sped up?A. The ma nkind’s population is growing fast.B. The air pollution is too severe.C. There are fewer species in larger areas.D. Man causes wider water pollution.10. Which is not the main driver of wildlife decline?A. Outside animals.B. Loss of living areas.C. Various illnesses.D. Lack of water.11. How is the future of polar bears?A. Uncertain.B. Hopeful.C. Doubtful.D. Unsatisfying.DWhen your child lies to you, it hurts. As parents, it makes us angry and we take it personally. We feel like we can never trust our child again. Why does lying cause suchanger, pain and worry for parents?Parents are understandably very afraid of their children getting hurt and getting into trouble, but they have very little protection against these things as they send their kids out into the word. Kids learn from other kids and from external media, and this makes parents feel unsafe because they can’t control the info rmation and ideas that their children are exposed to.When your kid lies, you start to see him as “sneaky（卑鄙的）”, especially i f he continues to lie to you. Y ou feel that he’s going behind your back. You begin to think that your kids are “bad”. Be cause, certainly, if lying is bad, liars are bad. It’s just that simple. Parents need to make their kids responsible for lying. But the mistake parents make is that they start to blam e the kid for lying. It’s c onsidered immoral to lie. But when you look at your kid like he’s a sneak, it’s a slippery slop e （滑坡谬误）that starts with “You lie” and ends up at “You’re a bad person”.Kids know lying is forbi dden. But they don’t s ee it as hurtful. So a kid will say, “I know it’s wrong that l eat a sugar s nack when I’m not supposed to. But who does it hurt?” “I know it’s wrong that I trade my dried fruit for a Twinkie. But it doesn’t really hurt anybody. I c an handle it. What’s the big deal?” That’s what the kid sees.So I think that parents have to assume that kids are going to tell them lies, because they’re i mmatur e and they don’t und erstand how hurtful these th ings are. They’re all drawn to excitement, and they’ll all have a tendency to distort（歪曲）the truth because they’re kids.12. Why do parents worry about their kids and feel unsafe?A. Nobody trusts their kids in the world because of lying.B. Lying always causes their kids to get hurt or get into trouble.C. Their kids are exposed to outside world without their control.D. Th ey can’t protect their kids from other kids and external media.13. What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ seeing kids as bad if they lie?A. Immoral.B. Negative.C. Supportive.D. Different.14. The underlined word “they” really refers to ________.A. parentsB. their childrenC. other kidsD. bad things15. How do parents react to kids’ lying?A. Taking no notice of itB. Blaming them immediately.C. Pretending to be angry and educate them.D. Accept it but make them responsible for it.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
【全国百强校】河北省衡水金卷2018年高三调研卷 全国卷 I A 理科数学试题(二)(解析版)
【衡水金卷】2018年衡水金卷调研卷全国卷 I A模拟试题（二）理科数学第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1. 已知集合，，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】，，，，故选B.2. 已知是虚数单位，复数满足，则（）A. B. C. D. 5【答案】A【解析】，，，故选A.3. 已知具有线性相关的两个变量之间的一组数据如下表所示：若满足回归方程，则以下为真命题的是（）A. 每增加1个单位长度，则一定增加1.5个单位长度B. 每增加1个单位长度，就减少1.5个单位长度C. 所有样本点的中心为D. 当时，的预测值为13.5【答案】D【解析】由，得每增一个单位长度，不一定增加，而是大约增加个单位长度，故选项错误；由已知表格中的数据，可知，，回归直线必过样本的中心点，故错误；又，回归方程为，当时，的预测值为，故正确，故选D.4. 已知点为椭圆：上一点，是椭圆的两个焦点，如的内切圆的直径为3，则此椭圆的离心率为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】由椭圆的定义可知的周长为，设三角形内切圆半径为，所以的面积，整理得，又，故得椭圆的离心率为，故选C.【方法点睛】本题主要考查椭圆的定义、性质及离心率，属于中档题.离心率的求解在圆锥曲线的考查中是一个重点也是难点，一般求离心率有以下几种情况：①直接求出，从而求出;②构造的齐次式，求出;③采用离心率的定义以及圆锥曲线的定义来求解;④根据圆锥曲线的统一定义求解．本题中，根据三角形的面积可以建立关于焦半径和焦距的关系．从而找出之间的关系，求出离心率．5. 如图，已知与有一个公共顶点，且与的交点平分，若，则的最小值为（）A. 4B.C.D. 6【答案】C【解析】，又，，又三点共线，，即得，易知，，当且仅当，即时，取等号，故选C.【易错点晴】本题主要考查平面向量基本定理的应用以及利用基本不等式求最值，属于难题.利用基本不等式求最值时，一定要正确理解和掌握“一正，二定，三相等”的内涵：一正是，首先要判断参数是否为正；二定是，其次要看和或积是否为定值（和定积最大，积定和最小）；三相等是，最后一定要验证等号能否成立（主要注意两点，一是相等时参数否在定义域内，二是多次用或时等号能否同时成立）.6. 我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中有这样一些数学用语，“堑堵”意指底面为直角三角形，且侧棱垂直于底面的三棱柱，而“阳马”指底面为矩形且有一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥.现有一如图所示的堑堵，，若，当阳马体积最大时，则堑堵的外接球的体积为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】设，则，由题意，得四棱锥的体积为，当且仅当，即时，取等号，设的中点分别为，则堑堵的外接球的球心应恰为线段的中点，又，则堑堵的外接球的半径满足，故，故堑堵的外接球的体积为，故选B.7. “”是“函数与函数在区间上的单调性相同”的（）A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A【解析】函数在区间上是单调递减的，当时，函数在区间上也是单调递减的，所以充分性成立，当时，在区间上也是单调递减的，故必要性不成立，“”是“函数与函数在区间上的单调性相同”的充分不必要条件，故选A.8. 执行如图所示的程序框图，若输出，则判断框内应填的内容是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】由程序框图的功能可知，输出，此时，判断框内应填，故选A.9. 如图所示，直线为双曲线：的一条渐近线，是双曲线的左、右焦点，关于直线的对称点为，且是以为圆心，以半焦距为半径的圆上的一点，则双曲线的离心率为（）A. B. C. 2 D. 3【答案】C【解析】设焦点关于渐近线的对称点为，则，又点在圆上，，故选C.10. 某单位现需要将“先进个人”、“业务精英”、“道德模范”、“新长征突击手”、“年度优秀员工”5种荣誉分配给3个人，且每个人至少获得一种荣誉，五种荣誉中“道德模范”与“新长征突击手”不能分给同一个人，则不同的分配方法共有（）A. 114种B. 150种C. 120种D. 118种【答案】A【解析】将种荣誉分给人，共有和两类. ①当为时，共有，“道德模范”与“新长征突击手”分给一个人共有种，故有；②当为时，共有，“道德模范”与“新长征突击手”分给一个人共有种，故有种，综上，不同的分配方法共有种，故选A.11. 如图，正方体的对角线上存在一动点，过点作垂直于平面的直线，与正方体表面相交于两点.设，的面积为，则当点由点运动到的中点时，函数的图象大致是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】设，而由运动到的中点的过程中，，由相似三角形，可知为定值，设正方体的边长为，当为线段的中点时，，则的面积为，故选D.12. 已知为函数的导函数，当是斜率为的质询案的倾斜角时，若不等式恒成立，则（）A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】由题可知，，，，即，令，则，即在区间内单调递增，由，可知不正确，由可得，正确，故选D.【方法点睛】利用导数研究函数的单调性、构造函数比较大小,属于难题.联系已知条件和结论，构造辅助函数是高中数学中一种常用的方法，解题中若遇到有关不等式、方程及最值之类问题，设法建立起目标函数，并确定变量的限制条件，通过研究函数的单调性、最值等问题，常可使问题变得明了，准确构造出符合题意的函数是解题的关键；解这类不等式的关键点也是难点就是构造合适的函数，构造函数时往往从两方面着手：①根据导函数的“形状”变换不等式“形状”；②若是选择题，可根据选项的共性归纳构造恰当的函数.二、填空题（每题4分，满分20分，将答案填在答题纸上）13. 已知函数，则其最小正周期为_______.【答案】【解析】因为函数，函数，则其最小正周期为，故答案为.14. 过，两点的光线经轴反射后所在直线与圆存在公共点，则实数的取值范围为_______.【答案】【解析】点关于轴的对称点为，则直线的方程为，即，因为反射后所在直线与圆存在公共点，所以圆心到直线的距离，即，解得，故实数的取值范围是，故答案为.15. 如图，将正方形沿着边抬起到一定位置得到正方形，并使得平面与平面所成的二面角为，为正方形内一条直线，则直线与所成角的取值范围为_______.【答案】【解析】不妨设正方形的边长为，作，垂足为，由，得平面，故，又，得平面，故直线在平面内的射影为，易知，则与平面所成的角为与平面内的直线所成的最小角为，而直线与所成角的最大角为（当与重合时，与所成角为的），所以直线与所成角的取值范闱为，故答案为.16. 已知菱形，为的中点，且，则菱形面积的最大值为_______.【答案】12【解析】设，则两边之和大于第三边，两边之差小于第三边，，即，，设，在中，由余弦定理可知，即，，令，则，则，当时，即时，有最大值，故答案为.【方法点睛】本题主要考查余弦定理的应用以及最值问题，属于难题.求最值的常见方法有①配方法：若函数为一元二次函数，常采用配方法求函数最值，其关键在于正确化成完全平方式，并且一定要先确定其定义域；②换元法：常用代数或三角代换法，用换元法求值域时需认真分析换元参数的范围变化；③不等式法；④单调性法；⑤图象法.本题(2)求值域时主要应用方法①求解的.三、解答题（本大题共6题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．）17. 已知数列的前项和.（1）求数列的通项公式；（2）求数列的前项和.【答案】(1)见解析;(2).【解析】试题分析：（1）当时，；当时，，对不成立，从而可得数列的通项公式；（2）当时，，当时，，利用裂项相消法可得，再验证时，是否成立即可.试题解析：（1）当时，；当时，，对不成立，所以数列的通项公式为.（2）当时，，当时，所以又时，符合上式，所以（）.【方法点晴】本题主要考查数列的通项公式与求和，以及裂项相消法求数列的和，属于中档题. 裂项相消法是最难把握的求和方法之一，其原因是有时很难找到裂项的方向，突破这一难点的方法是根据式子的结构特点，常见的裂项技巧：(1)；（2）；（3）；（4）；此外，需注意裂项之后相消的过程中容易出现丢项或多项的问题，导致计算结果错误......................18. 如图所示，已知三棱锥中，底面是等边三角形，且，分别是的中点.（1）证明：平面；（2）若，求二面角的余弦值.【答案】(1)见解析;(2).【解析】试题分析：（1）连接，因为是的中点，由等腰三角形及等边三角形的性质可得，从而利用线面垂直的判定定理可得结果；（2）先根据勾股定理证明与垂直，再以为轴建立空间直角坐标系，平面的一个法向量为，利用向量垂直数量积为零，列方程组求出平面的一个法向量，根据空间向量夹角余弦公式可求得二面角的余弦值.试题解析：(1)连接，因为，底面等边三角形，又因为是的中点，所以又因为，所以平面.（2）因为，由（1）可知，而，所以以为原点，以的方向为轴正方向建立空间直角坐标系，如图所示，则，，，，由题得平面的一个法向量为.设平面的一个法向量为所以，即令得所以，所以由题意知二面角为锐角，所以二面角的余弦值为.【方法点晴】本题主要考查线面垂直的判定定理以及利用空间向量求二面角，属于难题.空间向量解答立体几何问题的一般步骤是：（1）观察图形，建立恰当的空间直角坐标系；（2）写出相应点的坐标，求出相应直线的方向向量；（3）设出相应平面的法向量，利用两直线垂直数量积为零列出方程组求出法向量；（4）将空间位置关系转化为向量关系；（5）根据定理结论求出相应的角和距离.19. 伴随着智能手机的深入普及，支付形式日渐多样化，打破了传统支付的局限性和壁垒，有研究表明手机支付的使用比例与人的年龄存在一定的关系，某调研机构随机抽取了50人，对他们一个月内使用手机支付的情况进行了统计，如下表：（1）若以“年龄55岁为分界点”，由以上统计数据完成下面的列联表，并判断是否有的把握认为“使用手机支付”与人的年龄有关；（2）若从年龄在，内的被调查人中各随机选取2人进行追踪调查，记选中的4人中“使用手机支付”的人数为.①求随机变量的分布列；②求随机变量的数学期望.参考数据如下：参考格式：，其中【答案】(1)见解析;(2)①见解析.②见解析.【解析】试题分析：（1）根据表格中数据可完成列联表，利用公式：求得，与邻界值比较，即可得到结论；（2）①选中的人中“使用手机支付”的人数为的可能取值为利用组合知识，根据古典概型概率公式公式求出各随机变量对应的概率，从而可得分布列；②由①利用期望公式可得的数学期望.试题解析：（1）列联表如下：的观测值，所以有的把握认为“使用手机支付”与人的年龄有关.（2）①由题意，可知所有可能取值有0，1，2，3，，，，，所以的分布列是②.20. 已知点，过点作与轴平行的直线，点为动点在直线上的投影，且满足.（1）求动点的轨迹的方程；（2）已知点为曲线上的一点，且曲线在点处的切线为，若与直线相交于点，试探究在轴上是否存在点，使得以为直径的圆恒过点？若存在，求出点的坐标，若不存在，说明理由.【答案】(1);(2)见解析.【解析】试题分析：（1）设，由题得，则，，由化简即可得动点的轨迹的方程；（2）设点，，根据导数的几何意义，结合直线的点斜式方程可得直线的方程为，从而得点的坐标为，由恒成立得解得，进而可得结果.试题解析：(1)设，由题得又，∴，，由，得，即，∴轨迹的方程为.（2）设点，，由，得，∴，∴直线的方程为令，可得，∴点的坐标为，∴，（*）要使方程（*）对恒成立，则必有解得.即在轴上存在点，使得以为直径的圆恒过点，其坐标为.21. 已知函数.（1）若函数，试研究函数的极值情况；（2）记函数在区间内的零点为，记，若在区间内有两个不等实根，证明：.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)见解析.【解析】试题分析：（1）由求出，分三种情况讨论的范围，在定义域内，分别令求得的范围，可得函数增区间，求得的范围，可得函数的减区间，根据单调性可得函数的极值情况；（2）先证明，即在区间内单调递增，根据零点存在性定理，存在，使得，可得以，要证，只需证，即，记，其中，利用导数可证明单调递增，故当时，，即可得，进而可得结果.试题解析：（1）由题意，得，故，故，.令，得①当时，，或；,所以在处取极大值，在处取极小值.②当时，，恒成立，所以不存在极值；③当时，，或；,所以在处取极大值，在处取极小值.综上，当时，在处取极大值，在处取极小值；当时，不存在极值；时，在处取极大值，在处取极小值.（2），定义域为，，而，故，即在区间内单调递增又，，且在区间内的图象连续不断，故根据零点存在性定理，有在区间内有且仅有唯一零点.所以存在，使得，且当时，；当时，，所以当时，，由得单调递增；当当时，，由得单调递减；若在区间内有两个不等实根（）则.要证，即证又，而在区间内单调递减，故可证，又由，即证，即记，其中记，则，当时，；当时，，故而，故，而，所以，因此，即单调递增，故当时，，即，故，得证.请考生在22、23二题中任选一题作答，如果都做，则按所做的第一题记分.22. 选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程在平面直角坐标系中，已知圆：（为参数），以为极点，轴的正半轴为极轴，取相同的长度单位建立极坐标系，圆的极坐标方程.（1）分别写出圆的普通方程与圆的直角坐标方程；（2）设圆与圆的公共弦的端点为，圆的圆心为，求的面积.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)见解析.【解析】试题分析：（1）圆的参数方程利用平方法消去参数可得出圆的普通方程，，圆的极坐标方程两边同乘以利用即可得圆的直角坐标方程；（2）两圆的直角坐标方程相减可得公共弦所在直线方程为，利用点到直线距离公式及勾股定理求出弦长，由三角形面积公式可得结果.试题解析：（1）因为圆：（为参数），所以圆的普通方程是因为圆：，所以圆的直角坐标方程是.（2）因为圆：，圆：，两式相减，得，即公共弦所在直线为，所以点到的距离为，所以公共弦长为，所以.23. 选修4-5：不等式选讲已知均为正实数，且.（1）求的最大值；（2）求的最大值.【答案】(1)12;(2).【解析】试题分析：（1）利用柯西不等式可得，结合即可得的最大值；（2）原式，因为，从而可得结果.试题解析：（1），当且仅当，即时，取等号，故原式的最大值为12.（2）原式因为，当且仅当，即时，取等号所以原式，故原式的最大值为.。
衡水金卷2018年高考模拟卷(二)数学(文)试题Word版含答案
衡水金卷2018年高考模拟卷(二)数学(文)试题Word版含答案2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（衡水金卷调研卷）文数二第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知集合 $A=\{-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3\}$，集合 $A=\{-1,0,1,3\}$，集合 $B=\{-3,-2,-1,3\}$，则 $C\cup(A\cup B)$ 的结果为（）A。
$\{-3,-2,1\}$ B。
$\{-2,-1,1\}$ C。
$\{2\}$ D。
$\{-1,2,3\}$2.已知复数 $z$ 满足 $z(1+i)=i^{2018}$（其中 $i$ 是虚数单位），则复数 $z$ 在复平面内对应的点所在象限为（）A。
第一象限 B。
第二象限 C。
第三象限 D。
第四象限3.函数 $f(x)=\frac{1}{4-x^2}+\ln(2x+1)$ 的定义域为（）A。
$\left\{1\right\}\cup(-\infty,2)$ B。
$(-\infty,-2)\cup\left\{2\right\}$ C。
$(-\infty,-2)\cup(2,\infty)$ D。
$(-\infty,2)\cup\left\{2\right\}$4.三世纪中期，魏晋时期的数学家XXX首创割圆术，为计算圆周率建立了严密的理论和完善的算法。
所谓割圆术，就是不断倍增圆内接正多边形的边数求出圆周率的方法。
如图是XXX利用正六边形计算圆周率时所画的示意图，现在在圆中随机投掷一个点，则该点落在正六边形内的概率为（）A。
$\frac{33}{\pi}$ B。
$\frac{323}{333}$ C。
$\frac{2}{\pi}$ D。
$\frac{2}{\pi^2}$5.已知双曲线 $\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a>0,b>0)$ 的一条渐近线与直线$4x+3y+1=0$ 垂直，且焦点在圆 $x^2+(y-1)^2=26$ 上，则该双曲线的标准方程为（）A。
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2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题理综（二）理科综合试题一、选择题1.蓝球藻和小球藻在细胞结构等方面存在着较大的差异。
下列对于这两种生物的叙述正确的是A.均含有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素B.均在叶绿体基质中完成二氧化碳的固定和还原C.细胞膜均有控制内外物质交换的作用D.有丝分裂过程中均会以一定方式形成细胞壁2.下列对实验试剂及其实验效果的分析，错误的是A.细胞膜的通透性与所使用盐度的浓度及处理时间有关B.茎段的生根数和生根长度与所使用的NAA浓度有关C.染色体数目加倍的细胞所占的比例与固定液处理的时间有关D.洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞质壁分离的程度与外界蔗糖溶液浓度有关3.如图为人体免疫过程的示意图，下列与此图相关的说法错误的是A.图中的固有免疫应答属于第二道防线B.图中淋巴细胞接受抗原刺激后大部分分化为记忆细胞C.图中接受抗原刺激的淋巴细胞不可能是浆细胞D.图中过程能说明免疫系统具有防卫功能4.神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统之间可以通过信息分子相互联系，如图显示的是三者之间的部分联系。
下列相关叙述正确的是A.神经末梢释放的信息分子进入免疫细胞内部发挥作用B.激素作为信息分子通过体液传送作用于免疫细胞C.图中信息分子的化学本质均为蛋白质D.免疫细胞表面的受体均属于信息分子5.艾滋病病毒（HIV)是一种逆转录病毒，HIV的宿主细胞主要是T钿胞，病毒进入人体后在宿主细胞内经一系列过程形成新的病毒。
下列与HIV增殖有关的叙述中正确的是A.HIV进入淋巴细胞内的只是病毒的RNAB.逆转录出的DNA分子中A+T与C+G的数目相等C.A与U的配对只发生在转录过程中D.HIV增殖时所用原料全部来自宿主细胞6.下列有关基因突变的叙述正确的是A.基因突变可能改变基因中密码子的种类或顺序B.密码子的简并性可以减少有害突变对机体造成的危害C.癌症的发生是几个正常基因突变成了原癌基因和抑癌基因D一个基因中不同的碱基均可改变说明基因突变具有随机性7.化学与社会、生活密切相关,下列说法正确的是A.通过浸渍水玻璃的方法防止木材腐朽B.宣纸的主要成分为蛋白质,酸性条件下易水解C.地沟油的主要成分与柴油的主要成分相同,所以地沟油可用于制生物柴油D.SO2有毒,不能用作食品漂白剂和食品防腐剂添加在粉条、红酒等食品饮料中8.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列有关叙述正确的是A.标准状况下，足量的铜与一定量浓硝酸反应，每生成224 mL气体，转移电子数目为0.01N AB.一定条件下，一定量的氧气通过Na单质后，Na单质增重3.2 g，转移电子数目为0.4N AC.0.1mol/L的CH3COONa溶液中所含碳原子总数为0.2N AD.4 g SiC 中所含碳硅键数目为0.4N A9.分子式为C4H6O2的链状有机物M能与NaHCO3溶液反应产生CO2，下列关于M的说法中不正确的是A.能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液和溴水褪色B.同系物的通式为C n H2n-2O2(n≥3)C.与HBr发生加成反应，最多有6种不同的结构( 不考虑立体异构)D.分子中至少有6个原于共平面10.A、B、C、D、E为原子序数依次增大的短周期元素，对应单质为a、b、c、d、e。
B、C、D的最外层电子数之和为10，对应的最高价氧化物的水化物分别为m、n、p；q为B 和E形成的二元化合物。
上述物质发生的转化关系如图所示(部分产物已略去)。
下列说法不正确的是A.可通过电解熔融状态的q制备b和eB.原子半径:B>C>D>E>AC.n既能溶解在m的水溶液中，又能溶解在p的水溶液中D.d可以保存在CS2中11.利用电解法制备Ca(H2PO4)2并得到副产物NaOH 和Cl2。
下列说法正确的是A.C 膜可以为质子交换膜B.阴极室的电极反应式为2H2O-4e-=O2↑+4H+C.可用铁电极替换阴极的石墨电极D.每转移2mole-，阳极室中c(Ca2+)降低1mol/L12.下列实验的操作、现象、结论或解释均合理的是A.酸碱中和滴定时，未用标准液润洗滴定管可导致最终计算结果偏大B.向Na2SiO3 溶液中滴加稀盐酸，产生白色沉淀可说明非金属性:Cl>SiC.用已检查不漏液的分液漏斗分离苯和水的混合物，需在分液漏斗下端放出苯D.向某溶液中滴加盐酸酸化的氯化钡，产生白色沉淀可说明原溶液中含有SO42-13.常温下，分别取未知浓度的MOH 和HA溶液，加水稀释至原体积的n倍。
稀释过程中，两溶液pH的变化如图所示。
下列叙述错误的是A.MOH为强碱，HA 为弱酸B.水的电离程度:X=Y>ZC.若升高温度，Y、Z 点对应溶液的pH值均减小D.将X 点溶液与Z点溶液等体积混合，所得溶液中c(A-)>c(M+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)二、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求,第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
14.如图所示,将带正电的金属球A移至中性导体BC附近,很短的时间导体BC就达到了静电平衡,则下列说法正确的是A.导体B端带负电,C端带正电且B端电势比C端电势低B.用手摸一下导体B端可使导体带上正电C.导体C端电势比金属球A电势高D.导体B端和C端感应电荷在导体内部产生的场强沿BC方向逐渐减小15.2016年08月16日凌晨1时40分,由我国科学家自主研制的世界首颗量子科学实验卫星v,地球静止轨“墨子号”在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。
量子卫星的轨道半径为R0,线速度为道卫星对应的半径和线速度为R和v,则下列关系式正确的是001.lg()lg()2v R A v R = 00.lg()2lg()v R A v R = 001.lg()lg()2R v C v R = 00.lg()2lg()R v D v R= 16.竖直平面内水平弹簧连接一个套在斜杆上的小球,小球无初速度释放,当小球距离O 点最 近时恰好为弹簧原长,当小球运动到O 点正下方吋,速度恰好减小为零,忽略一切摩擦,弹 簧始终在弹性限度之内,已知竖直虚线与斜杆夹角为30°,下列说法错误的是A.弹簧的弹性势能先减小后增大B,小球在最高点时的机械能大于在最低点时的机械能C 小球在弹簧与斜杆垂直时速度最大D.重力的功率先增大后减小17.如图所示,在斜面底端的正上方h 处水平抛出一个物体,飞行一段时间后,垂直地撞在倾角 为53°的斜面上。
不计空气阻力,sin53°=0.8,重力加速度为g,可知物体完成这段飞行的 时间为BC D. 条件不足,无法计算 18.质谱仪是一种测定带电粒子质量和分析同位素的重要工具,它的构造原理如图所示:粒子源S 发出各种不同的正粒子束（粒子重力忽略不计），粒子从S 出来时速度很小，可以看做 初速度为零,粒子经过加速电场加速后垂直进入有界匀强磁场(图中线框所示),并沿着半圆 周运动而达到照相底片上的P 点,测得P 点到入口的距离为x,则以下说法正确的是A.若粒子束不是同位素,则x越大,正粒子的质量一定越大B.若粒子束是同位素,则x越大,质量一定越小C.只要x相同,则正粒子的质量一定相同D.只要x相同,则正粒子的电荷一定相同19.法拉第发明了世界上第一台发电机,如图所示,圆形金属盘安置在电磁铁的两个磁极之间, 两电刷MN分别与金属盘的边缘和中心电接触良好,且与灵敏电流计相连,金属盘绕中心轴沿图示方向转动,则下列说法正确的是A.电刷M的电势低于电刷N的电势B.若只将电刷M移近N,电流计的示数变大C.若只提高金属盘转速,电流计的示数变大D.若只将滑动变阻器的滑片向左滑动,电流计的示数变大20如图（a）所示为示波管的原理图。
如果在电极XX’之间所加的电压按图(b)所示的规律变化,在电极YY”之间所加的电压按图(c)所示的规律变化,则在荧光屏上不可能出现的图形是21,PET(正电子发射型计算机断层显像)的基本原理是将放射性同位素158O注入人体,参与人体的代谢过程, 158O在人体内衰变放出正电子,与人体内负电子相遇而湮灭转化为一对光子,被探测器探测到,经计算机处理后产生清晰的图象。
已知湮灭前正、负电子总动量为零。
根据PET原理,下列说法正确的是A. 158O衰变的方程式为158O→157N+01eB.将放射性同位素158O注入人体, 158O的主要用途是作为示踪原子C.一对正负电子湮灭后也可能只生成一个光子D.PET中所选的放射性同位素的半衰期应较长第Ⅱ卷三、非选择题:本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。
第22~32题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答。
第,33~38题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。
(一)必考题(共129分)22.(5分)“探究加速度与物体质量、物体受力的关系”的实验装置如图甲所示(1)在平衡摩擦力后,挂上砝码盘,打出了一条纸带如图乙所示,计时器打点的时间间隔为0.02s。
从比较清晰的点起,每5个点取一个计数点,量出相邻计数点之间的距离(图乙中已标出),该小车的加速度a=_____m/s2。
(结果保留两位有效数字)(2)改变所放砝码的数量,多次重复测量,在某次实验中根据测得的多组数据可画出a-F关系图线(如图丙所示)。
①分析此图线的OA段可得出的实验结论是______________________________。
②此图线的AB段明显偏离直线,造成此误差的主要原因是________(填正确答案标号)。
A.小车与轨道之间存在摩擦B.导轨保持了水平状态C.所放砝码的总质量太大D所用小车的质量太大23.为了描绘小灯泡的伏安特性线,某同学设计了如图甲所示的实验电路,已知小灯泡的规格为“12V5W"(1)闭合开关前,应将电路图中的滑动变阻器的滑片移到_________(填“a”或“b”)端。
调节滑动变阻器,记录多组电压表和电流表的示数,作出的I-U图线如图乙中实线所示,由图线分析可知,小灯泡的电阻随温度的升高而_______(填“增大”或“减小”)。
若某次电流表的示数如图丙所示,则此时小灯泡的功率为_________W(保留两位有效数字)(2)若I-U图象中的虚线Ⅰ或Ⅱ表示小灯泡真实的伏安特性曲线,与实验中得到的实线相比,虚线_________(填“I”或“Ⅱ”)才是其真实的伏安特性曲线。
24. .(12分)如图所示,固定在水平桌面上的倾角a=30°的光滑斜面足够长,其底端有一垂直于斜面的挡板,质量均为m的A、B两球用轻弹簧连接放在斜面上并处于静止状态,弹簧的劲度系数为k。
现在将质量为3m的小球C从距离B球s=16mgk的地方由静止释放,C球与B球碰撞时间极短,碰撞后两球粘在一起。