2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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中国社会科学院2017年博士生入学考试英语试题考博英语真题

中国社会科学院2017年博⼠⽣⼊学考试英语试题考博英语真题中国社会科学院研究⽣院2017年攻读博⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试试卷英语（B卷）2017年3⽉11⽇8:30–11:30答题说明1.请考⽣按照答题卡的要求填写相关内容。

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PART I:Cloze(20points)Directions:Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank.During the mid–1980s,my family and I spent a__(1)__year in the historic town of St.Andrews,/doc/9ea84bb585868762caaedd3383c4bb4cf6ecb75e.html paring life there with life in America,we were impressed by a__(2)__ disconnection between national wealth and well-being.To mostAmericans,Scottish life would have seemed__(3)__.Incomes were about half that in the U.S.Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St.Andrews,44percent did not own a car,and we never met a family that owned two.Central heating in this place__(4)__south of Iceland was,at that time,still a luxury.In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half summer stays since,we ___(5)___noticethat,___(6)___their simpler living,the Scots appeared___(7)___joyful than Americans.We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher,but never about being underpaid or unable to afford wants.Within any country,such as our own,are rich people happier?In poor countries,being relatively well off doesmake__(8)__somewhat better well off.But in affluent countries,where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities,increasing affluence matters__(9)__little.In the U.S.,Canada,and Europe,the correlation between income and happiness is,as University of Michigan researcher noted in a1980s16–nation study,“virtually__(10)__”.Happiness is lower __(11)__the very poor.Butonce comfortable,more money provides diminishing returns.Even very rich people are only slightly happier than average.With net worth all___(12)___$100million,providing___(13)___money to buy things they don’t need and hardly care about,4 in5of the49people responding to survey agreed that“Money can increase or decrease happiness, depending on how it is used”.And some were indeed unhappy.One fabulously__(14)__man said he could never remember being happy.One woman reported thatmoney__(15)__misery caused by her children’s’problems.At the other end of life’s circumstances are most victims of disabling tragedies.Yet,remarkably, most eventually recover a near-normal level of day-to-day happiness.Thus,university students who must cope with disabilities are__(16)__able-bodied students to report themselves happy,and their friends agree with their self-perceptions.We have__(17)__the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being by comparing rich and unrich countries,and rich and unrich people.That leaves the final question:Over time,does happiness rise with affluence?Typically not.Lottery winners appear to gain but a temporary jolt of joy from their winnings. On a small scale,a jump in our income can boost our morale,for a while.But in the long run, neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces the same feelings of delight that it initially___(18)___.Happiness is not the result of being rich,buta__(19)__ consequence of having recently become richer.Wealth,it therefore seems,is like health:Although its utter absence can breed misery,having it does not guarantee happiness.Happiness is__(20)__a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.1. a.underpaid b.prosperous c.affluent d.sabbatical2. a.assumed b.seeming c.seemed d.seemly3. a.precarious b.imprudent c.spartan d.gallant4. a.not far b.as far as c.far from d.far to5. a.virtually b.remarkably c.ideally d.repeatedly6. a.forasmuch b.despite c.considering d.inasmuch7. a.no less b.less c.more d.no more8. a.for b.up c.out d.over9. a.scarely b.intentionally c.surprisingly d.provisionally10.a.diminishing b.negligible c.tripled d.perceivable11.a.in b.on c.upon d.among12.a.exceeded b.exceeding c.excess d.excessive13.a.utter b.messy c.greedy d.ample14.a.prosperous b.triumphant c.jubilant d.victorious15.a.could undo b.could intensifyc.could not undod.could not intensify16.a.as plausible as b.not as plausible asc.as likely asd.not as likely as17.a.ventilated b.deliberated c.speculated d.scrutinized18.a.does b.did c.has done d.is19.a.new b.favorite c.temporary d.normal20.a.more b.less c.better d.worsePART II:Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage1In the1960s and’70s of the last unlamented century,there was a New York television producer named David Susskind.He was commercially successful;he was also,surprisingly,a man of strong political views which he knew how to present so tactfully that networks were often unaware of just what he was getting away with on their—our—air.Politically,he liked to get strong-minded guests to sit with him at a round table in a ratty building at the corner of Broadway and42nd Street.Sooner or later,just about everyone of interest appeared on his program.Needless to say,he also had time for Vivien Leigh to discuss her recent divorce from Laurence Olivier,which summoned forth the mysterious cry from the former Scarlett O’Hara,“I am deeply sorry for any woman who was not married to Larry Olivier.”Since this took in several billion ladies(not to mention those gentlemen who might have offered to fill,as it were,the breach),Leigh caused a proper stir,as did the ballerina Alicia Markova,who gently assured us that“a Markova comes only once every hundred years or so.”I suspect it was the dim lighting on the set that invited such naked truths.David watched his pennies.I don’t recall how,or when,we began our“States of the Union”programs.But we did them year after year.I would follow whoever happened to be president,and I’d correct his“real”State of the Union with one of my own,improvising from questions that David would prepare.I was a political pundit because in a1960race for the House of Representatives(upstate New York), I got more votes than the head of the ticket,JFK;in1962,I turned down the Democratic nomination for U.S.Senate on the sensible ground that it was not winnable;I also had a pretty good memory in those days,now a-jangle with warning bells as I try to recall the national debt or,more poignantly,where I last saw my glasses.。

西北师范大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题_20190117125658

西北师范大学2017年攻读博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语考试日期：2017年4月1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

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4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part L Listening Comprehension(25％)Section A:Spot DictationDirections:In this section,you are going to hear a passage.The passage will he read only once.As you listen to the passage,fill in the blanks with the words you hear.After the passage,there will be a3-minute pause. During the pause,you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students(1)____the learning of English vocabulary.The results were urprising.I'll(2)____three of them.firstly,most of the stcrdeaats think that(3)____every word ill English has just one meaning.This is,of course:,completely(4)____to the facts.A glance at any English dictionary will show this.The student will (5)____find seven or eight meanings listed for(6)____simple'words.Why,then,have these students made such a mistake:'One reason irnay be that they're.ill(7)____. students.Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning,and one meaning only. Another reason.,of course,could be the way in Which these Student,Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English.(M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-,on the other sloe,a single\ti'ord in the(Q)native language.'l°he second attitude that(10)____from the findings is equally mistaken.(11)____all the students think that every word in English has an exact(12)____equivalent.Again,this is far from the trijth.Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a(13)____in the student's native languial c."there are other(l4)____ill translation which we won't mention here.(:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation(15)____is completely false.Translation machines,which tried to work on this(16)____failed completely.The third result'of the investigation showed another(17)____in the students'thinking.They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word,they're in a(18)____to use it correctly.This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly(19)____for English.The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means.Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What,then,is the best way to increase one's vocabulary?This can be answered in threewords-observation,(20)____and repetition.Section B:Multiple ChoiceDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage.At the end of the passage,you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once.After each question,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21.A)It had no efFect on living cells.13)It had effects on living cells.C)It had effects only on children.I))It had effects only on adults.22.A)An increasing number of cancers in children.I3)A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C)A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1))A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23.A)446.13)464.C)223.1))234.24.A)Because he doesn't have enough evidence.R)Because other scientists have not studied his results yet.C.)Because he discovered nodirect link between disease and electricity.D)Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet beenproved.25.A)Health and environment.B)Electric current and the energy field.C)Electricity and cancer.D)Electrical workers and cancer.Section C:Question and AnswerDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage.The passage will be read only once.Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard.Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26.Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27.Why do many small town doctors work long hours?28.What is the growing problem in theUnited States?29.How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in1979?30.Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€5,000dollar to?Part11[.Vocabulary(20%),Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31.To qualify for such a position,the native would first have to receive specialized training,and thisis____A)refused B)discouragedC)denied D)forbidden32.The little girl wore a very thin coat.A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A)whirl B)shiftC)shiver D)shake33.Presently,there are nine teachers in my team,who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than500non-English majors.A)inclined B)hesitatedC)afforded D)undertaken34.The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A)betray B)concealC)disclose D)renew35.Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life,he became a m with a strong____A)philosophy B)idealismC)morality D)personality36.One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A)approach B)solutionC)manner D)road37.To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A)custom B)confidenceC)security D)simplicity38.All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A)glimmering B)glitteringC)flaming D)blazing39.One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A)destroyed B)collapsedC)corroded D)ruined40."Me,afraid of him?"he said with a(n)____smile,"Not me!"A)contemptible B)amusingC)contagious D)contemptuous41.He will simply no listen to anybody;he is____to argument.A)impervious B)imperceptibleC)impassable D)blunt42.Stop asking all these personal questions!It is bad manners to beA)inquisitive B)impatientC)acquisitive D)informative43.He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A)hovered B)lurchedC)wavered D)fluctuated44.We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA}legitimate B)legibleC)intimate D)legislative45.There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word'stile'.A)equivalent B)copyC)counterpart D)meaning46.The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A)distributed B)attributedC)granted D)contributed47.During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A)sustained B)maintainedC)retained D)entertained48.On leaving,we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A)extended B)expandedC)expended D)awarded49.If the dispute is not settled in a(n)____way soon,the two countries will certainly go to war.A)amiable B)amicableC)inimical D)unfriendly50,If I may be so____as to advise you,my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A)generous B)humbleC)proud D)bold51.If you take a(n)____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A)intensive B)extensiveC)expansive D)retentive52.After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday.10,A)entailed B)deservedC)entitled D)satisfied53.Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A)emigrate B)leaveC)abandon D)immigrate54,lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered MountEverest.A)mission B)invasionC)experiment D)expedition55.It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A)submit B)breakC)say D)proclaim56.He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A)discerned B)distinguishedC)discriminated D)extinguished57.She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A)inclined B)declinedC)denied D)disinclined58.He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A)accused B)prosecutedC)charged D)arrested59.What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A)prevalent B)relevantC)consistent D)coincident60.Molly has always beep a(n)____child;she becomes ill easily.A)delicate B)gloomyC)energetic D)confident61.There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A)designed B)drawnC)marked D)stained62.The man who never tries anything new is a(n)____on the wheels of progress.A)obstacle B)brakeC)break D)block63.There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A)decreases B)subtractionsC)reductions D)accounts64.Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy,his painwill often disappear.A)assumed B)assuredC)informed D)proved65:Although most birds have only a____sense of smell,they have acute vision.A}genuine.B)negativeC)negligible D)condensed66.We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B)committedC)consigned D)assigned67.If you never review your lessons,you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A)complain B)blameC)mistake D)fault68.We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go,so the game looked completely____A)irresistible B)irremissibleC}irreplaceable D)irretrievable69.Had the explosion broken out,the passagers in the plane should have been killed,for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A)spontaneously B)instantaneouslyC}simultaneously D)conscientiously70.The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A)encounter B)highlightC}testify D)identifyPart III.Reading Comprehension(50minutes,30points)Directions:There are6passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Carl Sagan,were playing a little game.The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other.He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept.Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back.He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before.But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him.Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting.Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word`More?'The astonished astronomer went-to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh,yes:That's one of the words he knows,'the director said,showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have,andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€sounds.What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster,and much further in water than it does in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans.But can it be said that dolphins have a `language'in the real sense of the word?Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words.A language has a structure,or what we call a grammar.The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning.For example,the two questions`Who loves Mary?'and`Who does Mary love?' mean different things.If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure.That is why the question`Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71.The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA)Sagan had turned his backB)it was part of the game they were playingC)he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD)Sagan wanted him to do this72.When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done,the directorA)didn't seem to think it was unusualB)thought Sagan was jokingC)told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD)asked him if he knew other words73.Dolphins'brains are particularly well-developed toA)help them to travel fast in waterB)arrange sounds in different structuresC)respond to different kinds of soundD)communicate with humans through sound74.The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA)each sound has a different meaningB)each sound is different from the otherC)there is a system of writingD)they have a structure or grammarMarried people live"happily ever after"in fairy tales,but they do so less and less often in real life.1,like many of my friends,got married,divorced,and remarried.I suppose,to some people,I'm a failure.After all,I broke my first solemn promise to"love and cherish until death us do part."But I feel that I'm finally a success.I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage.This time around,the ways my husband and I share our free time,make decisions,and deal with problems are very different.I learned,first of all,not to be a clinging vine(依赖男子的妇女).In my first marriage,I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted.If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game,I felt rejected and talked him into staying home.I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it'it meant that Ray would be home alone.I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together.In contrast,my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own.I have started playing racquetball at a health club,and Davidsometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends.When we are together,we aren't bored with each other;our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions.When Ray and I were married,I left all the important decisions to him.He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it,and where to take a vacation.I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong.I could always end an argument by saying,"It was your fault!"With my second marriage,I am trying to be a full partner.We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree.If we make the wrong choice,we're equally guilty.When we rented an apartment,for example,we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the"no pets"clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems.David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults.If we're mad at each other or worried and upset,we say how we feel.Rather than hide behind our own misery,we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it.Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis,but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times.I would lock myself in the spare bedroom.Ray would stalk out of the house,slam the door,and race off in the car.Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn.1feel better now about being an independent person,about making decisions,and about facing problems.My second marriage isn't perfect,but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75.Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A)Her former husband went out to watch football games.B)She started to play racquetball at a health club.C)They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D)They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76.It can be learned from the passage that the writer,in her first marriage,A)took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB)tool:the same responsibility as her husbandC)took more blame when things went wrongD)felt equally guilty when things went wrong77.Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A)"It was your fault!"B)"Maybe you're right."C)"It's none of your business."D)"It's none of my business."78.All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA)they hide their feelingsB)they lock themselves in their bedroomC)they have promised not to be mad at each otherD)they dare to face them79,The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways exceptA)that they share their free timeB)that they make their decisions togetherC)that they talk to each otherD)that they deal with their troubles together80.The best title for the passage isA)First MarriageB)Second MarriageC)DivorceD)Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising.Such groupings as"Help Wanted","Real Estate,""Lost and Found" are made,the rate charged being less than that for display advertising.Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.The reader who,is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him.The advertiser may,on this account,use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper.He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs.As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type.With the increase in the number of such advertisements,however,each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention.In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures.In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement.This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81.Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA)all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB)it is more distinguishedC)it is more expensiveD)nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82.One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA)house for saleB)people who are asking for helpC)people who are lostD)real antiques for sale83.What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements,according to thewriter?A)They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B)They are looking for something they need.C)They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D)They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84.What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A)They used to be voluntary.B)They used to use display type.C)They were all the same size.D)They were more formal.85.Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance,according to the writer?A)Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B)Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D)Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers..（4）Mr Abu,the laboratory attendant,came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard.He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys.If he caught any of them in any petty thieving,he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters.Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews,moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master,a man called Vernier,stepped in and stood on his small platform.Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them,then retired behind the"Church Times"which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches,advising boys.It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class,Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about,having retired to the lavatory for a smoke.As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight,minor pandemonium('N k)broke out.Some of the boys raided the store.The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles,and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films.The poorer boys, with a more determined aim,took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market.They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets.Soda for making soap,magnesium sulphate for opening medicine,salt for cooking,liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing,and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores.Kojo objected mildly to all this."Oh,shut up!"a few boys said.Sorie,a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors,commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called"gin and fizz"----from a beaker."Look here,Kojo,you are getting out of hand.What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for?For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson?"The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster,feared by the small boys,adored by the boys in the middle school,and liked,in a critical fashion,with reservations,by some of the senior boys and African masters.He had a passion for new motor-cars,buying one yearly."Come to think of it,"Sorie continued to Kojo,"you must take something yourself,then we'll know we are safe,""Yes,you must,"the other boys insisted.Kojo gave in and,unwillingly,took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home."Someone!"the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment.Sorie washed out his mouth,at the sink with some water.Mr Abu,the laboratory attendant,entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class.He looked round fiercely and suspiciously,and then sniffed the air.It was a physicsexperiment,but the place smelled chemical.However,Vemier came in then.After asking if anyonewas in difficulties,and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything,he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86,The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA)he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB)he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC)he was cruelD)he believed in strict discipline87.When the boys were caught petty thieving,they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA)he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB)they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC)they were afraid of their science mastersD)his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88.Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA)they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things,like tradersB)they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC)they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD)they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89.A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA)Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B)Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC)Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD)when Kojo objected.Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90.On entering the laboratory,Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA)the whole class was looking so innocentB)he was a suspicious man by natureC)there was no teacher in the roomD)he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase.As usual,she had brought some work home from the travel agency.She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then,after spending a few hours working,she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door.`Uli,no!Who on earth could that be?'she muttered to herself.She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was.A man of about sixty was standing there.It took her a moment before she realized who he was.He lived in the flat below.They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice,and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh,sorry to bother you,but...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,'he mumbled.He had a long,thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit.Alison hesitated,but then, opening the door wide,asked him to come in.It was then that she noticed the dog.She hated dogs----particularly big ones.This one was a very old,very fat bulldog.The man had already bone into her small living-room and,without being asked,he sat down on the sofa.The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him,breathing heavily.She stared at it.It stared back.The man coughed.`Uh,do you mind if I smoke?'he asked.Before she could ask him not to,he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come.I...I hope you won't be offended but,well...,'he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red.His whole body began to shake.Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him.Still coughing,he took out a grey,dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it.Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply.As he did so,some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room.He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say.Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point.She waited.'Nice place you've got here,'he said at last.91.How do you think Alison felt when she heard the knock at the door?A)Afraid.B)Irritated.C)Pleased.D)Curious.92.Who was the man at the door?A)Someone from work.B)A friend who needed advice.。

西北工业大学2017年博士研究生1001考博英语第一次招生考试试题(全)

Part One Structure and Written ExpressionDirection: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1.The doctor's ________ is that she' 11 soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.A.agnosticismB.anticipationC.diagnosisD.prognosis2.It is ________ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his heating will remain forever unspoken.A.uncommunicativelyB. acceptablyC. tacitlyD. taciturnly3.________ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.A.A complimentB.An adulatoryC.FlatteryD.Praise4.Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will ________ worry about being late.A.rule offB.preventC.avoidD.obviate5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _________ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A.vociferouslyB. patrioticallyC.verboselyD. loquaciously6.People suffering from __________ prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken in large public buildings and open fields.A.acrophobiaB. agoraphobiaC.claustrophobiaD. xenophobia7.All normal human beings are ___________ at least to a degree - they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.A.segregatedB.congregationalC. gregariousD.egregious8.He is ____________ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.A.an inveterateB.an incorrigibleC. a chronicD.an unconscionable9.We listened dumb-struck, full of ____________, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex- president of the company.A.incredulityB.ingenuityC. ingenuousnessD. incredibility10.Too much ____________ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.A.retrospectB.introspectionC. perspicacityD.perspicuity11.Hydrocarbons, __________ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.A.are given offB.give offC.they are given offD. given off12.He could hardly __________ his temper when he saw the state of his office.A.hold inB.hold upC.hold offD.hold out13.The statesman was evidently __________ the journalist' s questions and glared at him fora few seconds.A.put downB.put outC.put acrossD.put away14.__________, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.A.as the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC. The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light15.________ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used16.I would have gone to the lecture with you __________ I was so busy.A.except thatB.provided thatC.but thatD.only that17.The detective watched and saw the suspect __________ a hotel at the corner of the street.A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into18.The child is ____________ all the evidence for his opinion.A.not encourage either to be critical for his opinion.B.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine19.To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children __________ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.A.would have been expected to have consideredB.were expected to considerC.will be expected to have been consideredD.were expected to have considered20.Whenever work is being done, energy ___________ from one form into another.A.convertsB.convertedC.is convertedD.is being convertedPart Two Reading ComprehensionI.Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneThe Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth(1)A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British CyclingChampionships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the Barcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carbon fibre.(2)Bicycles for amateurs have up to now been made of steel, aluminum or magnesium tubes welded together into the conventional "A-frame" shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit events on a custom-built, carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than standard models. Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it does not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weakness of welds.(3)The new bike, which will cost between $ 2000 and $ 3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model, It weighs about 11 kilograms, a saving of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames. With no crossbar, it has a lower center of gravity, making it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding, you throw the bike about form side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston, director of British Eagle, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. "The low centre of gravity gives you better control."(4)The frames are being made in the US for British Eagle by $P systems in Camarillo, California, which has clients in the aerospace industry, "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by enthusiasts," says Eccleston. When professionals tested racing versions of the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal versions by up to 3 seconds per kilometer.(5)The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back wheel; instead, the frame' s flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back wheel strut, allowing up to 5 centimeters of movement.(6)The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and smoother back-wheel suspension than conventional bikes.21.The new bicycle exhibited at the National British Cycling Championships was radical because ________.A.it was made from the gold medal-winning design of the Barcelona OlympicsB.it was the first commercial mountain bikeC.its public showing last weekend aroused many people's curiosityD.it was made of one single piece of carbon fibre22.According to the context, "bicycles for amateurs" at the beginning of the second paragraph refers to bicycles __________.A.that people buy only for riding in their daily lifeB.that are bought by amateur cyclists who like cycling as an exerciseC.that are built for customers in generalD. that non-Olympic competitors use23.Which of the following statements in Not true?A.The new commercial bike has no crossbar and its centre of gravity is lower than theOlympic model.B.When the rider is doing some rough riding, the new bike' s low centre of gravity gives himbetter control.C.The new bike is made by using aerospace technology and is quicker than the conventionalbike by 3 seconds per kilometer.D.The new bike has no metal bar between the saddle and the back wheel, and the amount ofcarben fibre in the back wheel can be changed according to the user's taste.Passage TwoFree Advice Is Just Around the Corner(1)When Daniel Franklin, a political science professor from Atlanta, needed career advancement advice, be didn't turn to colleagues, therapists or even his mom.(2)He went to the Advice Ladies.(3)Three thirty something New York women, advertising freelancers by day, have turned themselves into Saturday afternoon street-comer oracles, they pull up lawn chairs and a table on a lower Manhattan street comer and dish out free advice to passersby. They've claimed the comer of West Broadway and Broome Street in Soho as their own for the last several months.(4)Amy Alkon, who, with longtime friends Marlowe Minnick and Carolyn Johnson, becomes a part-time shrink each weekend. "We use creative problem-solving to turn problem into fun," she says.(5)On a recent steamy afternoon, a line has formed in front of the Advice Ladles' table. Obviously, New Yorkers need plenty of help. "People feel they have no control in this crazy world. And therapy can take years," Minnick says. "We solve problems instantly, it's instant answer gratification."(6)The three brainstorm before delivering advice on everything from pet discipline, closet-space management, even hair care. But no legal advice "By far, most of our questions are love-related. It's amazing the intimate sexual problems that people will divulge to a total stranger," Alkon says.(7)But they won't be strangers much longer. The Advice Ladies are putting together a book deal. And Robert De Nitro is creating a talk show around them, due nationally this fall from his Tribeca Pictures.(8)"De Nitro asked us for advice, but we think he's already perfect," purrs Alkon.(9)And their career advice to Franklin? "He' s written a book, so we told him to get a manager and go on the touring circuit. It's great money and great publicity for the book."(10)"Good advice," says Franklin.24.There were _________.A.about 30 blew York women who offered free advice by dayB.three women freelancers about 30 years old who offered advertising advice on SaturdayC.about 30 women advertising freelancers offered advice every Saturday afternoon in NewYorkD.three women about 30 years old, who did advertising as a job, offered free advice everySaturday afternoon25.These advisors _________.A.changed the New York street comers into oraclesed the New York street comers as their advice officeC.sat at a street comer to give people free adviceD.made a street comer their place to predict the future to passersby26.New Yorkers came to the Advice Ladies becauseA.the ladies' advice was quick and effective to solve problemsB.New Yorkers felt it was difficult to live m tins crazy worldC.Medical therapy could not solve people's problemsD.New York was a crazy place and its inhabitants need plenty of help27.In the seventh paragraph we read that the Advice Ladies won't be strangers for long because _________.A.they are dealing with a book together and a TV man is writing a talk show about themB.they are going to sell a book about themselves and also appear on a TV showC.they will buy a book through a deal and appear in a film in the coming fall seasonD.they will get to know each other better by working on a book and appearing in a TV showtogetherPassage ThreeThe American Presidential Gala of 1993(1)Mixing populism and celebrity, Clinton dances into office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.(2)The Party was held in a way never seen since World War II. Many movie and music stars showed up, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs like "You know Bill's gonna get this Country straight.”“’93! You and me! U-hi-tee! /Time to pasrtee with Big Bill and Hillaree."(3)The stars came out in constellation because they recognized in Clinton one of their own. Not just that he plays the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough lawyer, like most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Clinton is a beacon of middle-class charm, a love of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And he is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols directly to the people on TV, without the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes for a wondrous' 90s blend of show biz and politics.(4)"This is our time," Clinton said in his Inaugural Address." Let us embrace it." Last week he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huggy-bear President needs to feel the public's approval.(5)At one of the balls of the week, Clinton was like the college student who drops in the night before the exam to show he' s one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram. Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the charm, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of liberal dreams). He will need to be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, "the gap between our words and our deeds."(6)During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: "We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our country." Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mouthed the words as Olmos spoke them. Clinton must have realized that, in a different sense anddifferent era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Hollywood stardust and facing facts.(7)In 1992 Clinton vended optimism; now he must be careful in saying so. He sold the nation a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it doesn' t get the stains out, the electorate' s high hopes could sour into despair. Then the man called Hope will become the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.28.The meaning of "Clinton dances into his office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs" in the first paragraph is: ______.A.Clinton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guestsB.Clinton went into his office followed by, rich film stars and musicians wanted to behugged by the presidentC.Clinton started his term of president' s work with a week-long gala of celebrities andmusic to celebrate the eventD.Clinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and music to please the filmstars and important people29.By saying "Bill's gonna get this Country straight", the party attendants believe that ______.A.Money bills are important in getting things done for the United StatesB.The president has got to do a wonderful job to save AmericaC.Clinton will change the United States to a free countryD.Clinton is going to solve the problems of the United States30.Which of the following statements is True？A.At one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then left in a quiet way to do his work.B.Clinton was certainly a combination of both Nixon and Kennedy.C.Clinton said at the Party that he was going to close his mouth and work harder.D.When Olmos quoted Lincoln, Clinton repeated the words as Olmos spoke them.Ⅱ. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. (15 % )Medical consumerism--like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly---is designed to be unsatisfying. (31) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy.(32)Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources--not least medical ones, like illegal steroids--are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying; the logical extension of longevism—the "abolition" of death--would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. (33) To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen--a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories--but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but withdissolving goals.(34)Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. (35) Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.Part Three Cloze TestDirection: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) For _________ (36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain _________ (37): a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the terrible consequences of war stopped __________ (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat _______ (39) to be repeated.There will never be _________ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have _________ (41). All-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out __________ (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at _________ (43). And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best. European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for Dusseldorf". In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth ___________ (44)American cities to avenge a Europe already _________ (45) to rubble.Part Four ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash ( \ ) and write the correct word. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash ( \ ). Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g. 1 (46) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (46)-begun- begane.g. 2 (47) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain wentup.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (47) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (48) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (48) nut(46)A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer became, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month. (47)Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd, 64, the president of Central Connecticut State University made the driver. Peter Baba, 24, of Plainville, pull on Jan. 23, the state police said. (48) He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.(49)Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995.(50) But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (51 ) The gold badge was mere a university award. (52) The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.(53)Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. McOuillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain."(54) "My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter," Mr. Judd said in the statement. (55)"In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below:(15%)Topic: Write in 250 ～300 words about China's auto industry.。

2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题

2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education.A. deriveB. depriveC. dispatchD. divert2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD).A. beneficentB. expensiveC. costlyD. luxurious3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone.A. outdoneB. outweighedC. outrunD. outrivaled4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism.A. presidingB. circulatingC. floatingD. prevailing5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark.A. victimB. favoriteC. preyD. sacrifice6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions.A. break out 、B. break offC. break fromD. break down7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions.A. standB. observeC. abideD. precede8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very .A. obscureB. indefiniteC. dubiousD. intriguing9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. fingerC. retainD. dwell10. near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals.A. PossessingB. AcquiringC. ApprehendingD. Interpreting11. The closing candidate , immediately after the polls had closed.A. confessedB. concededC. concurredD. admitted12. We have to the routine expenditure, otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.A. declineB. condenseC. curtailD. dwindle13. The board of directors have already discussed the subject in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects.A. in placeB. at lengthC. on endD. off and on14. After the disaster of flood，people all over the village made effort to rebuild their home.A. superfluousB. tenuousC. strenuousD. fatuous15.Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became .A. infiniteB. illegibleC. infectiousD. immune16.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly observer of events.A. inadequateB. impassiveC. geniusD. impartial17.She was by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.A. frustratedB. dispersedC. functionedD. displaced18.The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into at once.A. diversityB. fragmentsC. doctrineD. drought19.As the society has rigid social , everyone knows his role in the society.A. hemisphereB. contemptC. controversyD. hierarchy20.He was by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.A. peckedB. orientedC. perturbedD. paddled21.He is often inclined to in other peoples affairs，which is none of his business.A. manipulateB. lumberC. meddleD. litter22.He was to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A. deducedB. dampedC. diminishedD. destined23.He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he away the day before yesterday.A. cautionedB. fledC. chatteredD. civilized24.The evil maimers would be root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.A. exterminatedB. exemplifiedC. facilitatedD. emitted25.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment26.He added a to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary27.It was clear that the storm his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated28.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability29.He cut the string and held up the two to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes30.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of31.Banks shall be unable to , or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come over32.any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.A. Take the most ofB. Keep the most ofC. Have the most ofD. Make the most of33. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly •A. let aloneB. let outC. let downD. let on34. The recovery and of the country，s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites inattractive locations.A. renewalB. revivalC. recessionD. relief35. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical36. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be as to their motive in making contact.A. seen throughB. checked outC. touched onD. accounted to37. I shall the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward for the finder.A. advertiseB. informC. announceD. publish38. The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can adult growth.A. degenerateB. deteriorateC. boostD. retard39. She had a terrible accident, but she wasn’t killed.A. at all eventsB. in the long runC. at largeD. in vain40. His weak chest him to winter illness.A.predictsB. preoccupiesC. prevailsD. predisposesA trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headline: “Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals.”The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America received wide media attention. On NBC's Today Show, Lea Thompson said, “According to a new online survey, one in 10 teenagers have an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it and nearly half think they won't get caught.”Several newspapers mentioned the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australia's Gold Coast Bulletin.Are millions of kids really buying booze online？ To arrive at that jarring headline, the group used some questionable logic to pump up results from a survey that was already tilted in favor of finding a large number of online buyer.For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors who compete with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didn't delve more deeply into how the numbers were computed.The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in turn, hired San Diego polling firm Luth Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and 20in an online survey. Luth gets people to participate in its surveys in part by advertising them online and offering small cash awards—typically less than $ 5 for short surveys.People who agree to participate in online surveys are, by definition, internet users,something that not all teens are. （Also, people who actually take the time to complete such surveys may be more likely to be active, or heavy internet users. ）It's safe to say that kids who use the internet regularly are more likely to shop online than those who don't. Teenage Research Unlimited told me it weighted the survey results to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity and geography of respondents, but had no way to adjust for degree of internet usage.Regardless, the survey found that, after weighting, just 2.1 points of the 1,001 respondents bought alcohol online—compared, with 56 points who had consumed alcohol. Making the questionable assumption that their sample was representative of all Americans aged 14 to 20 with access to the internet—and not just those with the time and inclination to participate in online surveys—the researchers concluded that 551,000 were buying alcohol online.But that falls far short of the reported “millions of kids”. To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online. Some 12 points said they did. Of course, it's ridiculous to extrapolate from a state like that—one buyer could be known by many people, and it's impossible to measure overlap. Consider a high school of 1,000 students, with 20 who have bought booze on line and 100 who know about the purchases. If 100 of the school's students are surveyed at random, you'd expect to find two who have bought and 10 who know someone who has—but that still represents only two buyers, not 10．（Not to mention the fact that thinking you know someone who has ordered beer online is quite different from ordering a six pack yourself. ）Karen Gravois Elliott, a spokeswoman for the wholesalers' group, told me, “The numbers are real,” but referred questions about methodology to Teenage Research. When I asked her about the potential problems of conducting the survey online, she said the medium was a strength of the survey: “We specifically wanted to look at the teenage online population.”Nahme Chokeir, a vice president of client service for San Diego-based Luth Research Inc., told me that some of his online panel comes from word of mouth, which wouldn't necessarily skew toward heavy internet users. He added that some clients design surveys to screen respondents by online usage, though Teenage Research didn't.I asked Michael Wood, a vice president at Teenage Research who worked on the survey，whether one could say, as the liquor trade group did, that millions of teenagers had bought alcohol online. “You can't,” he replied, adding, “This is their press release.”41．Which of the following is the message that this passage is trying to convey？A．The severe social consequences of kids buying alcohol online.B．The hidden drawback of the American educational system.C．The influence of wide coverage of news media.D．The problems in statistic methodology in social survey.42．According to the author, what is wrong with the report about kids buying alcohol？A．It is unethical to offer cash awards to subjects of survey.B．The numbers in this report were falsified.C． The samples and statistic methods were not used logically.D．The study designers and survey conductors were bribed.43．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “extrapolate”in paragraph 8？A．Conduct. B． Infer. C．Deduct. D．Whittle.44．By saying “To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online”, the author implies that ______.A．it is absurd to conduct a survey among teenagersB．the ways the wholesalers' group conducted surveys are statistically questionableC．this kinds of survey is preliminary, therefore undependableD．teenagers might not be honest since buying alcohol online is an indecent behavior45．Which of the following is more likely to be the source for problems in this survey？A．This survey is tilted in favor of local alcohol distributors, who have a conflict of interest with online sellers.B．The data collection and analysis are not scientific and logical.C．Subjects are not sampled in a right way and can not represent the whole Americanteenage population.D．The survey results are affected by gifts to subjects, which can be misleading.。

武汉理工大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

武汉理工大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Unit 1 SchoolingPassage OneVocabulary1.striking2.slender impeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fix the blame onPassage TwoVocabulary1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B6. D7. A8. D9. D10.CTranslation1. 我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。

当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。

他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。

2. 传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。

作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。

传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。

3. 死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。

4. 当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。

5. 研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。

Unit 2 MusicPassage OneVocabulary1. molecular2. hyperactive3. integrated4. retention5. condense6. clerical7. alert8. aesthetically9. compelling10. undeniablyPassage TwoVocabulary1. B2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. C Translation1.一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点，即音乐能够提高孩子的智力。

清华大学2017年考博英语真题

清华大学2017年考博英语真题Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. The opinions of his peers are more important to her than her parents' idea.A) friends B) equalsC) enemies D) bosses2. After we join the WTO, the situation that our automobile industry, depends for its survival on government subsidies will be changed. A) financial aid B) personnel supportC) spiritual encouragement D) partial taxation3. My salary has been raised to 100,000 yuan a year. but there is a proportionate increase in my income tax.A) dramatic B) undesirableC) perpetual D) proportional4. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854).A) study B) liveC) read aloud D) wander5. Despite the pressure from the president, the provincial government insisted on its autonomous jurisdiction.A) regional B) obstinateC) willful D) legal6. All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been relayed to even' part of the world through satellites.A) received B) reservedC) rebroadcast D) enjoyed7. You must be drunk last night. Otherwise how did you manage to drive into a stationary vehicle?A) official B) policeC) parked D) running8. To create a democratic atmosphere in the company, the manager should always be accessible to his staff.A)fair B) equalC) acceptable D) approachable9. The newly imported machine doesn't work in ambient humidity of 50 degrees.A) approximate B) surroundingC) convenient D) high10. Many students are signing the petition against building a steelworksnear the school.A) names B) agreementC) request D) disapproval11. Your appraisal of the current situation is quite different from mine.A) optimistic B) complimentC) agreement D) estimate12. They are boycotting the store because the workers are on strike.A) looting B) banningC) protecting D) destroying13. In the final contest, two athletes are contending for the championship.A) satisfying B) happyC) competing D) quarreling14. The computer's value will depreciate by half in the first year.A) decrease B) increaseC) keep low D) fluctuate15. China Telecom is about to embark on a major program of computerization.A) propaganda B) finishC) purchase D) undertakel6. The candidate has given a pledge that he will improve the local environment and invest doubly in education.A) promise B) declarationC) proposal D) possibility17. There has always been an epldemic or bike stealing inschools.A) a theft B) a punishmentC) a plague D) a crime18. It is in Chongqing that the next international symposium on environmental protection will be held.A) debate B) conferenceC) seminar D) negotiation19. Many people suspected the existence of extraterrestrial life.A) snowman B) outside the earthC) spiritual D) underworld20. In case your liabilities outrun your assets, you may go bankrupt.A) debt B) enterpriseC) controversy D) bondage21.After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a __________ loathing for each other.A) boring B) reciprocalC) friendly D) standing22. On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to ________the sea waves.A) simplify B) simulateC) help D) like23. The government lacked money because of biting oil________.A) prices B) stationsC) buildings D) revenues24. Though the policies of racial ________had been abolished, manywhites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities.A) segregation B) regulationsC) communism D3 extinction25. The proposal was accepted with ________ approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.A) unanimous B) doubtfulC) pleasant D) searching26. Many social services are provided by ________ societies and organizations that do not expect any material payment.A) wealthy B)voluntaryC) helpful D)spiritual27. In the packed hall, the people sitting close to me _________ me into the corner little by little.A) dragged B) drewC) frightened D) wedged28. The police, trying to ________exactly who was at the party are investigating every person concerned.A) ascertain B) arrestC) imagine D) count29. If everybody has arrived the meeting may________ now.A) commence B) criticizeC) comment D) conclude30. The prodigal son ________his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.A) inherited B) receivedC) accumulated D) dissipated3l. In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable ________ in religious and social life.A) hierarchy B) powerC) despot D) president32._________ delinquency refers to law-breaking by young people.A) Juvenile B) Green-handC) Amateur D) Institute33. It's necessary to make your handwritings ________ when you fill in an official form.A) reconcilable B) legitimateC) legible D) formal34. She has always been a conscientious secretary since the gal, she entered my company. Tine suggestion that I wanted her to resign is quite __________A) thoughtful B) reasonableC) unfounded D) early35. The ________ meaning of "yellow" is a color, but it can also mean "cowardly."A) positive B) negativeC) underlying D) literal36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.A) the circulation B) a clusterC) the falling D) myriads36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.A) the circulation B) a clusterC) the falling D) myriads37. Ringing church bells sets up ________ in the Alpine valleys.A) resonance B) forestsC) church building D) priests38. The students are all from ________ countries, such as Singapore. India Korean, and Japan.A) developing B)orientalC) island D) Christian39. Wouldn't it be easier to move about on the ________ of the mobbed crowd than to squeeze in tile middle?A) consent B) headsC) fringe D) recreation40. When the new immigration law came into effect, the old one was naturallyA) validated B) put offC) repealed D) put upPart III Reading Comprehension(50%)Section ADirections: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You loeide on the best choice.Passage IIn the years following the Second World War, the youth hostel idea spread to other parts of the world and the same spirit was maintained. The International Youth Hostel Federation, IYHF, which was to co-ordinate activities in the various national associations, incorporated in its constitution the principle that in youth hostels "there shall be no distinctions of race, nationality color, religion, class or political opinions. This, it should be noted, was at a time when the principles of racial equality and brotherhood were by no means so widely acknowledged as they are now."There is normally no age bar at youth hostels. Exceptions are Switzerland and Bavaria. Where there is a maximum age of 25 and I7 years respectively. Generally, however, the hostels are intended to meet theneeds of two main groups: senior secondary school children, university and schoolchildren travelling with a teacher on educational visits, and aged between about 11 and I8.The principal contribution of the youth hostel movement to the attack on racism is the fact that in the 4,364 hostels throughout the world the brotherhood of man is taken for granted and practiced quietly and without any ostentation.If you walk into the common-room of a big youth hostel in Gracow or Munich, Lahore of Canberra, you will find young people of' every race and nationality sitting down together to share their experiences and discuss the world's problems. As a Malaysian boy recently remarked:" youth hostel is a place where you will never feel lost"In accordance with its constitution, the IYHF has never admitted to membership youth hostel associations in South Africa and Rhodesia, because legislation in those countries makes it impossible for people of different races to share youth hostel facilities.But an interesting new project is under way in Lesotho, with the financial and technical support of the Federation: the construction of a south hostel specifically designed to carry out an educational task in southern Africa by opening its doors to young people of all races from neighboring and more distant countries. Situated just outside the capital, Maseru, the youth hostel will also provide accommodation for young people of Lesotho attending study and training courses.The very, comprehensive statistics maintained by the IYHF show tile movement of young people form country, to country in some detail, it can be seen, for instance, that 10,828 "overnights" were recorded in 1972 by young Americans in tile hostels of Japan. and 3.643 by young visitors form India in the youth hostels of West Germany. Although these figures are small in absolute terms, they represent a network of individualhuman contacts among young people which can influence outlooks and opinions at the grass roots.41. It can be interred from this passage that IYHF isA) an organization where young people liveB) an organization that advocates brotherhood of manC) an organization to protect the rights of teenagersD) an international company42. "Ostentation" in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaning with_______A) pretentiousness B) outstandingC) obstruction D) declaration43. The maximum age of people staying at youth hostels in most countries is______A) 20B) 25C) 17D) unlimited44. The tone of this article may be described is______A) formal B) imaginative C) humorous D) negative45. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______A) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are fined by IYHF.B) Only very, few countries are members of the IYHE.C) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are denied membership in the IYHF.D) All countries are allowed normal memberships in the IYHF. Passage 2Before about 3500 BC, there were cultures, but not civilizations. Prehistoric men and women created societies, constructed houses, lived in villages, hunted and fished, farmed, made pottery, wove cloth, and created languages. But unlike more advanced peoples, they did not build cities, read, or write. Cities are the cornerstone of civilized life because with them came other civilizing elements, including differentiation of classes and employment, sophisticated religious and political systems, monumental architecture, and the formation of states and empires.Historians usually begin the story, of civilization with accounts of the world's first great writers and city-builders, the Sumerians. Because the Sumerians recorded ideas and sagas and listed the names of their rulers, we know more about them than about prehistoric about prehistoric peoples who left their legacy in stones, bones, and pottery.With the ability to build cities and record thought came the ability to communicate ideas and innovations over vast reaches of time and space. Human beings—who had formerly taken hundreds of thousands of years to learn that a stone ax sharpened on both sides is more useful than an ax sharpened on one side—progressed rapidly from foot travel to horse drawn carts, and later, from railroads to airplanes. With these and thousands of other innovations, people came to live Longer, more comfortable lives.Civilization also brought new ills to humanity. In the 20th century, it brought nuclear carfare global warming, and ozone depletion. More subtly, civilization removed human beings from regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world. Unlike people of modem civilizations primitive people lived close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands. They locked at fire and the stars with awe and reverence. Civilization involves the ability to create a new political and cultural world. In the 19th century, the American writer, philosopher, and naturalist Henry David Thoreau noted that this artificial sphere separates humanity from primitive virtue. "Most of the luxuries, he argued, "and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." Thoreau believed that men and women should simplify their lives.Even those ancient pioneers of civilization, the Greeks, mourned the lost innocence. They expressed this sense of regret in the story, of Prometheus and Pandora. Contrary, to the wishes of other Gods, Prometheus brought to humanity the gifts of fire, art, and science. The jealous gods were unwilling to allow men and women to enjoy, such blessings without cost, and so they sent Pandora to the world with a box containing disease, sorrow, and other evils.Thus, human beings have viewed civilization as a mixed blessing. Civilized people have waged brutal wars, destroyed majestic forests, and persecuted religious minorities. But civilizations have also achieved wonders.46. Which of the following represents civilization of people?A) They build houses.B) They have societies.C) They live in a group.D) They can write.47. "Sumerians" in the second paragraph refers to ______.A) a person B) a group of peopleC) human beings D) prehistoric people48. In paragraph 4, there is a sentence given by Henry. Thoreau, "Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." This sentence means ______.A) Most luxuries and comforts are important and can improve the quality, of people's life.B) Most luxuries rind comforts are not so important for they cannot improve the quality of people's life.C) Most luxuries and comforts are not so necessary and also they prevent the progress of human beingsD) Most luxuries and comforts are too important to improve the quality of people's life49. All tile following represent the negative side of civilization EXCEPT ______A) chemical warfare B) the decrease of fresh airC) greenhouse effect D) the nuclear plant50. In the paragraph that follows this passage, the writer is going to discuss ______A) the importance of civilizationB) the difference between civilization and cultureC) the positive aspect of civilizationD) the GreeksPassage 3One of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his early works depicted tile lives of two types of people. One type consisted of men and women deprived, by World War I, of faith in the moral values in which they had believed, and who lived with cynical disregard for anything but their own emotional needs. The other type were men of simple character and primitive emotions, such as prizefighters and bullfighters. Hemingway wrote of their courageous and usually futile battles against circumstances. His earliest works include the collections of short stories Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), his first work; In Our time (1924),tales reflecting his experiences as a youth in the northern Michigan woods; Men without women(1927), a volume that included "The Killers," remarkable for its description of impending doom; and Winner T ake Nothing (1933), stories characterizing people in unfortunate circumstances in Europe. The novel that established Hemingway's reputation. The Sun Also Rises (1926), is the story, of a group of morally irresponsible Americans and Britons living in France and Spain, members of the so-called lost generation of the post-world War I period. Hemingway's second important novel, A Farewell to Arms (1929), is the story, of a deeply moving love affair in wartime Italy between an American officer in the Italian ambulance service and a British nurse. The novel was followed by two nonfiction works, Death in the Afternoon (1932), prose pieces mainly about bullfighting; and Green, gills of Africa (1935), accounts of big-game hunting.Hemingway's economical writing style often seems simple and almost childlike, but his method is calculated and used to complex effect. In his writing Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his characters' emotions and thoughts directly. Instead, in providing the reader with the raw material of an experience and eliminating the authorial viewpoint. Hemingway made the reading of a text approximate the actual experience as closely as possible. Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity, in writing. Hebelieved that a writer could treat a subject honestly only if the writer had participated in or observed the subject closely. Without such knowledge the writer's work would be flawed because the reader would sense the author's lack of expertise: In addition, Hemingway believed that an author writing about a familiar subject is able to write sparingly and eliminate a great deal of superfluous detail from the piece without sacrifleing the voice of authority. Hemingway's stylistic influence on American writers has been enormous. The success of his plain style in expressing basic. yet deeply felt, emotions contributed to the decline of the elaborate Victorian-era prose that characterized a great deal of American writing in the early 20th century. Many American writers have cited Hemingway as an influence on their own work.51. The novel that brought Hemingway greatest fame________.A) Three Stories and Ten Poems B) In Far TimeC) Men Without Women D) The Sun Also Rises52 Which of the following can best describe Hemingway's writing style?A) simple and precise B) bullfightingC) superfluous D) complicated53. According to this passage which of the following is the great contribution of Hemingway?A) He introduced a new subject into literature.B) His writing style influenced a group of American writersC) He proved that one should write about details.D) He said that writers should know what they are writing.54. This passage is mainly, about Hemingway's ___________A) life B) backgroundC) novels and writing style D) influence55. The sentence. "Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity in writing"."authenticity" is closest in meaning withA) author's right B) credibilityC) authorization D) authorshipSection BDirections: After you have read the following passage write out a summary in English with about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary, on the Answer Sheet.It is said that the public and Congressional concern. about deceptive packaging uproar started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Lze. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity, delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags. and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound quantities of break fast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles and tins are in use more same time and as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work. and net weights hat are used for improving a product's market position.When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply tile price of hard sweets by 2.5,from I dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancyjar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high. when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.注：请将概要用英文写在答题纸上。

厦门大学2017年博士入学英语考试真题

厦门大学·2017年·博士入学英语考试真题————————————————————————————————————————Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15% )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B，C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sen-tence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. The village my grandfather grew up in is not far from the town.A. whatB. whereC. whereverD. which2. What’s your attitude his criticism?A. againstB. forC. towardsD. in3. If I had a car of my own，I it to your sister yesterday.A. will lendB. would lendC. should lendD. would have lent4. The newcomers found it impossible to themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A. suitB. adaptC. regulateD. coordinate5. It’s a program designed to mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.A. includeB. appreciateC. appealD. conduct6. The actress lives in a very fashionable of town.A. positionB. componentC. quarterD. zone7. The store displayed its most products in the front window.A. modelB. presentC. distinctiveD. favorite8. Bob fails to attend the evening school. He sick，because he never asks for leave.A. may beB. can beC. must beD. is9. that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A. ForB. NowC. SinceD. Despite10. the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. But forB. In case ofC. In spite ofD. Because o£11. A tyre when you pump air into it；it shrinks when the air is gone.A. exploresB. expandsC. exploitD. exposes12. We simply can’t compete with other companies we improve our engine design and reduce the cost of production.A. thoughB. unlessC. lestD. provided13. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A. by thatB. at thatC. on thatD. in that14. He wasn’t appointed chairman of the committee，not very popular with all its members.A. to be consideredB. consideringC. being consideredD. having considered15. telling her again since she won’t listen to it?A. What’s the point ofB. How’s the point ofC. Where is the point inD. Is there the point for16. To save money for my education，mother often took on more work than for her.A. it was goodB. what was goodC. was goodD. being good17. He denied to send out the signal at exactly 8 p. m.A. having been tellingB. being toldC. to be toldD. having been told18. Did it ever you that he could be the murderer?A. occur toB. occur inC. happen toD. happen with19. The professor sprang to his feet，a hand to his rosy, bald head.A. coveredB. clappingC. smashingD. hit20. The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and troughs of water for the horses to drink.A. held inB. held withC. held underD. held up21. Because of the of its ideas，the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.A. originalityB. subjectivityC. generalityD. ambiguity22. With its own parliament and currency and a common for peace，the European Union declared itselfin 11 official languages—open for business.A. inspirationB. assimilationC. intuitionD. aspiration23. America has now adopted more ___ European-style inspection systems，and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.A. discreteB. solemnC. rigorousD. autonomous24. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an spur to efficiency and innovation.A. extravagantB. exquisiteC. intermittentD. indispensable25. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are today.A. transientB. commonplaceC. implicitD. elementary26.1 was so when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.A. immersedB. assaultedC. thrilledD. dedicated27. His arm was from the shark’s mouth and reattached, but the boy, who nearly died, remained in a delicate condition.A. retrievedB. retainedC. repelledD. restored28. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people the magazine has to be the Grea- test American.A. appointedB. appeasedC. nicknamedD. nominated29. The majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.A. overflowingB. overwhelmingC. prevalentD. premium30. We will also see a increase in the number of televisions per household，as small TV displays are added to clocks，coffee makers and smoke detectors.A. startlingB. surpassingC. suppressingD. stackingPart H Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncingforeign languages. Now there are many reasons for this，some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about dealing with it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language，while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught? the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher：the first, knowledge；the second，technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech，and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students’pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use，and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.31. According to the passage, pronouncing foreign languages.A. few people are extremely good atB. even modern people are not good atC. only a few people are somewhat good atD. few people are at the average level in32. According to the author, pronunciation is a skill that can NOT be .A. picked up without conscious trainingB. trained consciouslyC. be taughtD. be carefully trained33. The italicized “the branch of study” in Para. 1 refers to •A. accentB. pronunciationC. the learning of spoken EnglishD. both A and B34. In the author’s opinion, •A. grammar is less important than pronunciationB. grammar and spelling should always make room for pronunciationC. grammar and spelling are sometimes less important than pronunciationD. grammar is more important than spelling35. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. The difficulty and importance of pronunciation.B. The difficulty and the teaching requirements concerning pronunciation.C. The significance and the teaching methods of pronunciation.D. The difficulty and features of pronunciation.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course，but we can be sure that he will be different from what he istoday. For man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man，even five hundred years ago，was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, menare about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time，so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so，we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on，however，we shall have to use our brains more and more，and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too：the head，in particular the forehead，will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it islikely that man’s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These，as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future，then，both se-xes are likely to be bald! Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look atj This may well be true. All the same，in spite of all these changes，future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.36. The passage tells us about .A. how man’s life will be in the futureB. how future man will look likeC. the fact that man’s organs will function differently in the futureD. the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes37. There is evidence that man is changing— •A. man has been growing taller over the past five hundred yearsB. man has got stronger eyes now than he ever hadC. man’s hair is getting thinner and thinnerD. man’s limbs are growing weaker because he tends to make less use of them38. Man’s forehead will grow larger because .A. he still makes use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacityB. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due timeC. he had rather narrow forehead a few hundred years agoD. he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on39. Future man will probably .A. have smaller eyesB. have larger eyesC. see betterD. have to wear better glasses40. The reason for believing that future man will be different is that heA. is always growingB. never stops changingC. hopes for a changeD. will live a different lifeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage：Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter.“You’re supposed to remember something，but you haven’t encoded it deeply •” Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you，“says Schacter. “Rather，you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. ”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago，’’ says Zelinski，“may not remember to drop a letter in themailbox. ” Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available，” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch，put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time，”says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you’ll likely remember.41. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?A. It helps us understand our memory system better.B. It enables us to recall something from our memory.C. It expands our memory capacity considerably.D. It slows down the process of losing our memory.42. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that .A. they have a wider range of interestsB. they are more reliant on the environmentC. they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD. they are more interested in what’s happening around them43. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because .A. it will easily get lostB. it’s not clear enough for you to readC. it’s out of your sightD. it might get mixed up with other things44. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B. Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.C. Repetition helps improve our memory.D. If we keep forgetting things，we’d better return to where we were.45. What is the passage mainly about?A. The process of gradual memory loss.B. The causes of absent-mindedness.C. The impact of the environment on memory.D. A way of encoding and recalling.Part H Short Answer Questions (5%)Directions：Read the following passage and then give short answers to the questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns to dull or bright solid colors and looks longer at stripes and an-gles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatically to the human face.Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to a human face than to any other kind of pattern? Some scientists think this preference represents a built in advantage for the human species. The object of prime importance to the physically helpless infant is a human being. Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially rewarding. Researchers also point out that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline，size，or color. Pattern remains stable，while outline changes with point of view; size, with distance from an object；and brightness and color, with lighting.Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have been told. The experts who thought that perception （知觉）had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate perception of objects—skills like visual tracking and reaching for an object, both of which the newborn does poorly. Then，too, assumptions that the newborn’s eye and brain were too immature for anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic”qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.46. What does a newborn baby like to see most in the first two weeks?47. Why does the newborn pay more attention to a human face than any other kind of objects，according to some scientists?48. What have mothers been told about newborns, contrary to what they believe?49. Why were mothers’ observations thrown away?50. What was the prevalent assumption about perception of form and perception of more “basic” qualities?Part K Cloze （10%）Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag （时差反应）.Jet lag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 51 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 52 of your “body clock” 一a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 53 • The body clock is designed for a 54 rhythm of daylight and darkness，so that it is thrown out of balance when it 55 daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone.The 56 of jet lag often persist for days 57 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 58 that is based on proven59 pioneering scientific research.Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 60 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 61 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 62 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either 63 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 64 light exposure depends a great deal on 65 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary （旅行路线）and the individual’s sleep 66 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 67 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 68 bright light, you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is darkoutside, or the weather is bad，69 you are on an aeroplane，you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 70 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.51. A. for B. from C. to D. of52. A. rupture B. functions C. reflection D. disruption53. A. actions B. functions C. reflection D. behavior54. A. regular B. formal C. continual D. circular55. A. retains B. encounters C. possesses D. experiences56. A. diseases B. symptoms C. signs D. defects57. A. while B. whereas C.if D. although58. A. adaptable B. approachable C. available D. agreeable59. A. broad B. inclusive C. tentative D. extensive60. A. devised B. recognized C. scrutinized D. visualized61. A. at B. through C. in D. as62. A. most B. least C. little D. more63. A. attain B. shed C. retrieve D. seek64. A. on B. with C. for D. in65. A. unique B. specific C. complicated D. peculiar66. A. norm B. mode C. pattern D. style67. A. directories B. instructions C. specifications D. commentaries68. A. off B. on C. for D. up69. A. or B. and C. but D. while70. A. agitation B. spur C. acceleration D. stimulusPart V English-Chinese Translation (20%)Directions：Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(71) Against the backdrop of the relative decline of Britain, whose GDP has slipped to the seventh place in the world, London is doing very well, being first or second to New York in most of the rankings of great cities. (72) London’s success over the past quartercentury has been the consequence of historical accident and good policy, which attracted smart professionals and the rich from all around the world. (73) They are not only betterqualified, younger and harder-working, but also brought in the flow of foreign money to London. Therefore, the author claims that London lives off foreigners. However, Britain does not much like foreigners. (74) British people, especially those who are not Londoners are pressuring their government to cut immigration and restrict students’ right to work, which the author thinks is going to mar London’s brilliance and speed London and Britain’s relative decline. (75) Though London’s moment will inevitably pass because of the emerging market elsewhere, there are still a lot of things that London can do to slowdown the process, such as investing in transportation. The least that it should is to discourage foreigners from coming, the author concludes.Part M Writing (20%)Directions：You are asked to write an essay on the following topic : Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?You should write at least 250 words.You should give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.。

2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题

2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题西南政法大学考博英语历年试题西南政法大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题学科专业：各专业考试科目：1001英语（100分）考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试题上答题不给分。

试题和答题纸同时交回，否则成绩无效。

基础英语部分（70分）Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point for each)Directions:Choose the word that best completes the following sentences.1. A camera takes light rays ______ off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.A. disguisedB. definedC. bouncedD. incorporated2. A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it ______ over time.A. peelsB. shrinksC. hardensD. fades3.If you reveal your friend’s secrets, you will ______ him.A. lureB. disturbC. alienateD. control4.If you ______ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. conductB. dismissC. grantD. moderate5.He was extremely ______ by the illness of his daughter.A. agitatedB. exploitedC. influencedD. dominated6.The tremor in his voice ______ his nervousness.A. affirmedB. disguisedC. representedD. revealed7.He is unable to find a post ______ with his ability.A. commensurateB. appropriateC. requisiteD. applicable8.Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was ______ by the noise from the nextroom.A. dissuadedB. avertedC. repressedD. distracted9.His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of ______ for his lameness andinability to play active games.A. remedyB. compensationC. treatmentD. comfort10.To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ______ of the humanlife span?。

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昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。