形容词和副词的原级

形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法总结

(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词+ (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级+….

如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了)

They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)

The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟)

I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)

☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词+ as + 形容词/副词原级+ as + 第二个人物+….

如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)

Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)

They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级+ as + 第二个人物+….

如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)

Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)

They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)

(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：

主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)

This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)

讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：

主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词+ less+ (多音节形/副)比较级+ than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….

如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)

Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？) (3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词+(the) +形容词/副词最高级+in / of ….

如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流)

He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)

回顾：原级的构成和用法

l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词

2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用" as 十原级形容词或副词十as"的结构；

表示双方不相等时，用" not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十as"的结构；

3）表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用"倍数十as十原级形容词或副词十as"的结构．

e.g. Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．

This building looks not so (as) high as that one．

This room is three times as large as that one.

提到倍数用法，补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

1) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．如：

Asia is four times as larger as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)

2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．如；

The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．

3) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．如：

Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．)

用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用twice或double

little/few和many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法

1）little less least修饰不可数名词

2）few fewer fewest修饰可数复数名词

3）much more most修饰不可数名词

4）many more most修饰可数复数名词

If you want to be thinner and healthier, you’d better eat less food and take more exercise.

(4)a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法

1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。。。越。。。

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。。。

The weather is getting colder and colder.

(5) elder的用法

1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级

My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me)

2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后

She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。

(6) 注意以下表达式的含义：the same…as(和……一样)，no less than(不少于)，not less than(只有)，had better(最好)，less than(不到)，more or less(或多或少)，other than(除了)，rather than(而不是)，the more…the more/less(越……就越……)

6. 比较级和最高级的构成

1）加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。

单音节形容词和副词以不发音的-e结尾的

high higher highest safe safer safest

hard harder hardest late later latest

small----smaller----smallest large----larger----largest

new----newer----newest nice----nicer----nicest

辅音字母要双写的情况以辅音加-y结尾的情况

big bigger biggest dry drier driest

hot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest

thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest

2) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级

多音节的形容词

expensive more expensive most expensive

由形容词加-ly构成的副词

slowly more slowly most slowly

carefully more carefully most carefully