托福基础词汇(知名北美考试机构内部资料)

相关词: aggregate v./n.
cultivation /kʌlti'veiʃən/
n. Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes
With the development of land cultivation, hunters were able to settle in one place.
相关词:cultivate v.
fertilize /'fə:tilaiz/ v. To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful sustances to the soil
eg: This farm fertilizes tomatoes more than any other crop. 相关词:fertilizer n. fertilization n.
Still, crop revitalization faces an unexpected adversary: institutional incompetence. Where crop specialists have convinced individual farmers to abandon old farming techniques in place of new, they can't readily obtain the governmental cooperation they need. The biggest hurdles are political corruption, incompetence and the absence of a marketing infrastructure.
相关词: intensification n. intense a.
irrigation /'irigeiʃn// n. The supplying of water to dry land eg: In dry areas of the country, you can see dithes all over the farmland for irrigation.
Definition and Samples
相关词: photosynthesize v.
precipitation /prisipi'teiʃn/ v. Water falls to the Earth surface eg: In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rih, green plant life.
intensify /in'tensifai/ v. To increase in power; to act with increased strength eg: Jacob's long absence intesified his certainty that he should marry Rose.
C.farming techniques
D.adversaries
obtain
intensify
irrigation aggregate adversely
1 2 3 4 5
weaken ______
separate ______ lose ______ drainage ______ positively ______
In this passage, the word adversary is closest in meaning to A.friend B.helper
C.enemy
D.leader
In the last paragraph, the word they refers to A.crop specialists B.farmers
adversely /æd'və:sli/ ad. In a harmful way, negatively 不利地，负面地
eg：Excessive fainfall early in the spring can adversly affect the planting of crops. 相关词:adversity n.
相关词: irrigate v.
obtain /'ɔbtein/ v. To gain possession of; to get eg: After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job.
photosynthesis /'fəutəsinθisis/ v. The process by which green plants make their own food by combining water, salts and carbon dioxide in the light eg: Oxygen is a by-product of the process of phtosynthesis.
Nature
Nature challenges humans in many ways, through disease, weather and famine. For living along the coast, one unusual phenomenon capable of catastrophic destruction is the tsunami. A tsunami is a series of waves generated in a body of water by an impulsive disturbance. Earthquakes, landslides, vocalnic eruptions and even the impact of meteorites can generate tsunami.Starting at sea, a tsunami slowly approaches land, growing in height and losing energy through bottom friction and turblance. Still, just like any other water waves, tsunami unleash tremendous energy as they plunge onto the shore. They have great erosion potential, stripping beaches of sand and flooding hundreds of meters inland.
Nature
In countries like Niger and Mauritania, the cultivation of land has changed little in the past several countries. Additionally, these countries' mono-modal rainfall pattern brings precipitation for only three months the year. As a result, food production doesn't nearly meet demand. Several agencies and organizations have intensified their efforts to increase the productivity of the land in these countries. They have introduced new strains of seed, improved irrigation techniques, and introduced new methods of fertilization and soil management. With ample sunlight for photosynthesis and modern irrigation techniques, sustainable farming techniques should allow farmers too boost aggregate production in order to meet demand.
abandoned precipitation cultivation fertilize photosynthesis 1.Through _________, green plants create organic materials with the help of chlorophyll. 2.The coastal city gets half of its ________ during the months of Jan, Feb and March.
3.Farmers use various methods of land ______,
4.When they heard the hull crack, all but two of the sailors ______ ship. 5.Inexperienced gardeners may not realize how important it is that they ________ their plants.
They can easily crush cars, homes and anything they collide with. To minimize the devastation of a tsunami, scientists are constantly trying to anticipate them more accurately and more quickly. Because many factors come together to produce a life-threatening tsunami, forseeing them is not easy. Despite this, researchers in meteorology persevere in studying and predicting tsunami behavior.