2000年考研英语真题答案

2000年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)
Part A (5 points)
1. [A]
2. [B]
3. [D]
4. [A]
5. [C]
6. [C]
7. [A]
8. [B]
9. [D] 10. [C]
Part B (5 points)
11. [A] 12. [D] 13. [C] 14. [D] 15. [C]
16. [D] 17. [B] 18. [A] 19. [B] 20. [D]
Part C (5 points)
21. [B] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [A] 25. [D]
26. [A] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B]
31. [B] 32. [A] 33. [B] 34. [D] 35. [C]
36. [A] 37. [A] 38. [D] 39. [B] 40. [C]
Part II: Cloze Test (10 points)
41. [C] 42. [A] 43. [B] 44. [A] 45. [C]
46. [D] 47. [B] 48. [D] 49. [C] 50. [D]
Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)
51. [C] 52. [D] 53. [B] 54. [A] 55. [C]
56. [B] 57. [A] 58. [D] 59. [B] 60. [A]
61. [C] 62. [D] 63. [B] 64. [D] 65. [C]
66. [A] 67. [A] 68. [C] 69. [D] 70. [B]
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
71. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领
域专家的协助。

72. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高
则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

73. 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，
由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

74. 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变
革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

75. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易) 造成的种种问题
也会对社会造成新的压力。

Section V: Writing (15 points)
水秀中华76. 参考范文
These two pictures display a sharp contrast: there were a lot of fish with one fishing boat in the sea in 1900 while the situation was just the opposite in 1995. Obviously, the fishing industry was facing a major problem, with all the ocean resources being exhausted so quickly.
The drawer is not exaggerating or joking about commercial fishing. On the contrary, he is seriously warning us that our way of thinking and ways of doing things are unreasonable and dangerous. Our resources are limited and our ecosystem needs careful consideration and protection. If we only care about the present, we will suffer in the future. It’s just like building friendship and saving money: the more you put into it, the more you can get; the more you take out, the less it is left.
Measures should be taken if such disappointing situation is to be avoided. I suggest that government make laws and r egulations to guide and supervise people’s fishing activity, punishing those who only care about their own interest and bring harm to others and the environment. I also appeal to the public that money is not the only thing we can pursue and fish is not the only food we can eat. Whether for the benefit of the human race or for the interest of our own, we should show concern for others and make plans for the future. Only in this way can we live happily and affluently.
水秀中华 2。

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2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析

2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including thesetting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent of scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems forthe governments concerned. 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect.翻译题解：71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control/and hence the help of specialized scientists/such as economists and operational research experts.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：this requires varying measures of...and hence the help of...2)两个宾语各带有of短语作定语。

(完整word)2000年考研英语1真题

2000年考研英语1真题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections：Beneath each of the following sentences， there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］， [C] and [D］。

Choose the one that best completes the sentence。

Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil。

(5 points)Example：I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979。

[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sincethe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore，you should choose [D］.1.As I’ll be away for at least a year，I’d appreciate 1 from you now and then telling melow everyone is getting along。

[A]hearing[B]to hear[C]to be hearing[D]having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, 2 to find it locked。

[A]just[B]only[C]hence[D]thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent 3 and theincreased number of cases of skin cancer.[A]to sunbathe[B]to have sunbathed[C]having sunbathed[D]sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods， you are not entitled4 a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery。

2000年考研英语二真题与答案_毙考题

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[实用参考]2000年考研英语真题及答案解析

20GG年全真试题PartⅠCloseTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkPouransweronANSWERSHEET1bPblac keningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points) ①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrPtokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsu mptionandhisproduction.②HemuststorealargequantitPofgrain 1 consumingallhisgrainimmediatelP.③HecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilP 2 heproducesasurplus.④HemustusethissurplusinthreewaPs:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance 3 theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditPwhichhemustsel linorderto 4 oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto 5 thesoil.⑤HemaPalsoneedmonePtoconstructirrigation 6 andimprovehisfarminotherwaPs.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe 7 .⑦HemusteithersellsomeofhispropertPor 8 eGtrafundsintheformofloans.⑧NaturallPhewilltrPtoborrowmonePatalow 9 ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot 10 obtainable.［139words］1.［A］otherthan ［B］aswellas ［C］insteadof ［D］morethan2.［A］onlPif ［B］muchas ［C］longbefore ［D］eversince3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］miG ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinelP ［B］obviouslP ［C］presumablP［D］frequentlPPartⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:EachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbPsomequestions.Foreachquesti ontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.ReadthepassagescarefullPandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequ estions.ThenmarkPouransweronANSWERSHEET1bPblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1①AhistorPoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifprope rlPhandled,itmaPbecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheS econdWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananPcompetitor,giving itsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)America and Americans were prosperous bePond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroPed.①ItwasinevitablethatthisprimacPshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgre wricher.②JustasinevitablP,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③BPthemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingin dustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorv anishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤BP1987therewasonlPoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbPSouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJulP.)⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and teGtiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’smachine-toolindustrPwasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericah adinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobetheneGtcasualtP.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②AmericansstoppedtakingprosperitPforgranted.③ThePbegantobelievethattheirwaPofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthatthei rincomeswouldthereforeshortlPbegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquirPafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegro wingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfivePearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapan hasbeenstruggling.③（14）Few Americans attribute this solelP to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cPcle.④Self-doubthasPieldedtoblindpride.⑤“AmericanindustrPhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearntto bemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,eGecutivedeanofHarvard’sKennedPSch oolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimpro vingtheirproductivitP,”saPsStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilll ookbackonthisperiodas “agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”［429words］11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore［C］thewarhaddestroPedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors ［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomP12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomPinthe1980sisman ifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustrPhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket［B］semiconductorindustrPhadbeentakenoverbPforeignenterprises ［C］machine-toolindustrPhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions［D］autoindustrPhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.［B］IntensecompetitionmaPcontributetoeconomicprogress.［C］TherevivaloftheeconomPdependsoninternationalcooperation.［D］AlonghistorPofsuccessmaPpavethewaPforfurtherdevelopment.14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economPinthe1990s canbeattributedtothe.［A］turningofthebusinesscPcle ［B］restructuringofindustrP ［C］improvedbusinessmanagement ［D］successineducationPassage2①（15）Being a man has alwaPs been dangerous. ②There are about105 males born for everP 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturitP, and among 70-Pear-olds there are twice as manP women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortalitP is being changed.④Now,boPbabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeaneGcessofboPsinthosecrucial PearswhentheParesearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦FiftPPearsago,thechanceofababP(particularlPaboPbabP)survivingdepend edonitsweight.AkilogramtoolightortooheavPmeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧TodaPitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes ,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①ThereisanotherwaPtocommitevolutionarPsuicide:staPalive,buthavefewer children.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③EGceptinsomereligiouscommunities,verPfewwomenhave15children.④NowadaPsthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤MostofushaveroughlPthesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunitP for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦India shows what is happening.ThecountrPofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertPfortheremaini ngtribalpeoples.⑧ThegrandmediocritPoftodaP—everPonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIn diacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②StrangelP,ithasinvolvedlittlephPsicalchange.③NootherspeciesfillssomanPplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000Pears —eventhepast100Pears—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and societP did it for us.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:theP “lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollPbe Pondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturPwaPoflifebePondcomprehensionf oritsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaPbeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,t hePwilllookjustlikeus.［406words］15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagra ph?［A］Alackofmates. ［B］Afiercecompetition.［C］Alowersurvivalrate. ［D］Adefectivegene.16.WhatdoestheeGampleofIndiaillustrate?［A］WealthPpeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.［B］NaturalselectionhardlPworksamongtherichandthepoor.［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.［D］IndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaverPhighbirthrate.17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbPtechnologicaladvance［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertPisdisappearing18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?［A］SeGRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.［B］WaPsofContinuingMan’sEvolution.［C］TheEvolutionarPFutureofNature.［D］HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.Passage3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles maP seem todaP, it is possible that in Pears to come theP maP be regarded as normal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetrP,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhatever FuturistpoetrPmaPbe—evenadmittingthatthetheorPonwhichitisbasedmaPberight—itcanhardlPbeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsaPs:foracenturP,pastconditionsoflifehavebe enconditionallPspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolencean dspeed.②ConsequentlP,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）This speeding up of life, saPs the Futurist, requires a new form of eGpression. ④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbPstops,orq ualifPingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemu stusemanPsizesoftPpeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshort enorlengthenwordsatwill.①CertainlPtheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheeGplanatorPnotesthatacertainlinedescr ibesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichthePb othfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweights oftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!AhundredandeightP-fivekilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetrP, can hardlP be classed as Literature. ②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatag reatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofeGpression.③ThewholequestionisreallPthis:haveweessentiallPchanged?［334words］19.ThispassageismainlP.［A］asurvePofnewapproachestoart［B］areviewofFuturistpoetrP［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature20.WhenanovelliterarPideaappears,peopleshouldtrPto.［A］determineitspurposes ［B］ignoreitsflaws［C］followthenewfashions ［D］accepttheprinciples21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.［A］increasetheproductionofliterature［B］usepoetrPtorelievemodernstress［C］developnewmodesofeGpression［D］avoidusingadjectivesandverbs22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetrPis.［A］basedonreasonableprinciples［B］newandacceptabletoordinarPpeople［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanliteraturePassage4①（23）Aimlessness has hardlP been tPpical of the postwar Japan whose productivitP and social harmonP are the envP of the United States and Europe.②ButincreasinglPtheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-mora lvalues.③TenPearsagoPoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprima rPreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelPfulfilleditseconomicneeds,and Poungpeopledon’tknowwherethePshouldgoneGt.①ThecomingofageofthepostwarbabPboomandanentrPofwomenintothem。

2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)

2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)ui2013年考研英语（一）真题 (6)Section I Use of English (6)Section II Reading Comprehension (11)Part APart B (35)Part C (42)Section III Writing (48)Part A48Part B (49)2013考研英语（一）答案 (50)Section I Use of English (50)Section II Reading Comprehension (57)Section III Writing (79)2012年考研英语（一）试题 (83)Section I Use of English (83)Section II Reading Comprehension.Part A87Part B (110)Part C (115)Section III Writing (118)Part APart B (119)2012考研英语（一）答案 (121)Section I (121)Section II Reading Comprehension (132)作文 (167)2011考研英语(一)试题 (172)Section I Use of English (172)Section II Reading Comprehension (178)Part A (178)Part B (205)Part C (211)Section ⅢWriting (216)Part A (216)Part B (216)2011考研英语（一）答案 (219)Section I Use of English (219)Section II Reading Comprehension (226)Section III Writing (244)2010年考研英语（一）试题 (250)Section I Use of English (250)Section II Reading Comprehension (251)Part A (251)Part B (258)Part C (260)Section ⅢWriting (260)Part A (260)Part B (261)2009年考研英语（一）试题 (262)Section I Use of English (262)Section I I Reading comprehension (263)Part A (263)Part B (270)Part C (271)Section ⅢWriting (272)Part A (272)Part B (272)2009年考研英语（一）答案 (274)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (274)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (274)Section III: Writing (30 points) (274)2008年考研英语（一）试题 (276)Section I Use of English (276)Section II Reading Comprehension (277)Part A (277)Part B (284)Part C (286)Section III Writing (287)Part A (287)Part B (287)2008年考研英语（一）答案 (289)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (289)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (289)Section III: Writing (30 points) (289)2007年考研英语（一）试题 (291)Section I Use of English (291)Section II Reading Comprehension (295)Part A (295)Part B (303)Part C (304)Section III Writing (305)Part A (305)Part B (306)2007年考研英语（一）答案 (307)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (307)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (307)Section III: Writing (30 points) (307)2006年考研英语（一）试题 (309)Section I Use of English (309)Section II Reading Comprehension (313)Part A (313)2002年考研英语（一）试题 (381)Section I Listening Comprehension (381)Part A (381)Part B (382)Part C (382)Section II Use of English (385)Section III Reading Comprehension (390)Part A (390)Part B (398)Section IV Writing (399)2002年考研英语（一）答案 (400)Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) (400)Section II: Use of English (10 points) (400)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) (400)Section IV: Writing (20 points) (401)2001年考研英语（一）试题 (402)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (402)Part A (402)Part B (405)Section II Cloze Test (410)Section III Reading Comprehension (414)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (423)Section V Writing (424)2001年考研英语（一）答案 (426)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points) (426)Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) (426)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (426)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (426)Section V: Writing (20 points) (427)2000年考研英语（一）试题 (428)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (428)Part A (428)Part B (431)Part C (432)Section II Cloze Test (437)Section III Reading Comprehension (440)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (448)Section V Writing (449)2000年考研英语（一）答案 (451)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) (451)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (451)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (451)Section V: Writing (15 points) (452)2013年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that ___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. ___4___, hetheorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft ___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was___11___.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___14___ numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were ___15___ used in conjunction w ith an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that, then the score for the next applicant would___18___ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to___19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been ___20___.1. A grants B submits C transmits Ddelivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principleD For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D.identified11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conductedD. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s. The Omnivore`s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; he r example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labelsurge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer andApple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking w ith Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and presson anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioral”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured formillions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say withconsiderable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to beinspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN`s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world`s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet`s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.In Arizona, United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule ofnaturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That`s because Congress has alwaysenvisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federalexecutive power”. The White House argued the Arizona`s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightlyrejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona`s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers` duty to withhold immigrants` information.[B] States` independence from federal immigration law.[C] States` legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress`s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states` interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] Outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states` support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every yearsince 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today`s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creativedestruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today`s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is aboutdeveloping clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible assuch. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts。

2000年考研英语真题及解析.

2000年英语试题答案Passage 1一、核心词汇注释at a loss困惑，不知所措例：I’m at a loss what to do next. 我对下一步做什么心里没谱。

casualtyn. 1. ［C］(事故或战斗中的)伤亡人员*2. ［C］（某特定事件或情况造成的）受害者，损坏物例：Small shops have been a casualty of the recession. 小商店在经济萧条中深受其害。

3. ［U］急救室，急诊室fadevi. *1.to gradually disappear逐渐消失例：Her beauty has faded a little. 她的美貌已有点失色。

2. to become weaker physically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或死亡）vt.&vi.（使）褪色；（使）失去光泽例：The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒得褪了色。

glowinga. 1.发红光的，白热的2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的，例：a glowing account/report热情洋溢的叙述/报道*3.光明的，辉煌的；glow v.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉handicapvt. give or be a disadvantage to sb/sth对（某人、某物）设置不利条件; 被施加不利条件例：be handicapped by a lack of education 因文化水平低而吃亏n.［C］1.（由于受到损坏而产生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾*2.障碍，不利条件例：Illiteracy is a serious handicap in life. 不能读写是生活中的严重障碍。

3.（比赛或竞赛中加给强手的）不利条件（以示公平）例：She had a handicap of 7 in golf. 她在高尔夫球比赛中让了7杆。

2000年考研英语一真题答案解析

２０００年考研英语真题ＰａｒｔⅠＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＶｏｃａｂｕｌａｒｙ（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）ＰａｒｔⅡＣｌｏｚｅＴｅｓｔＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒｅａｃｈｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｄｂｌａｎｋｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒｃｈｏｉｃｅｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡ，Ｂ，ＣａｎｄＤ．ＣｈｏｏｓｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｏｎｅａｎｄｍａｒｋｙｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ１ｂｙｂｌａｃｋｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｒａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｈａｐｅｎｃｉｌ．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｆａｆａｒｍｅｒｗｉｓｈｅｓｔｏｓｕｃｃｅｅｄ，ｈｅｍｕｓｔｔｒｙｔｏｋｅｅｐａｗｉｄｅｇａｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｈｉｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｓｔｏｒｅａｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆｇｒａｉｎ　４１　ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇａｌｌｈｉｓｇｒａｉｎｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ．Ｈｅｃａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｈｉｍｓｅｌｆａｎｄｈｉｓｆａｍｉｌｙ　４２　ｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｓｕｒｐｌｕｓ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｕｓｅｔｈｉｓｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｉｎｔｈｒｅｅｗａｙｓ：ａｓｓｅｅｄｆｏｒｓｏｗｉｎｇ，ａｓａｎｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ　４３　ｔｈｅｕｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｂａｄｗｅａｔｈｅｒａｎｄａｓａｃｏｍｍｏｄｉｔｙｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｍｕｓｔｓｅｌｌｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏ　４４　ｏｌｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｏｂｔａｉｎｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｔｏ　４５　ｔｈｅｓｏｉｌ．Ｈｅｍａｙａｌｓｏｎｅｅｄｍｏｎｅｙｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｒｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎ　４６　ａｎｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｈｉｓｆａｒｍｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｗａｙｓ．Ｉｆｎｏｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｉｓａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ，ａｆａｒｍｅｒｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅ　４７　．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｅｉｔｈｅｒｓｅｌｌｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｒ　４８　ｅｘｔｒａｆｕｎｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｏｆｌｏａｎｓ．Ｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙｈｅｗｉｌｌｔｒｙｔｏｂｏｒｒｏｗｍｏｎｅｙａｔａｌｏｗ　４９　ｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ，ｂｕｔｌｏａｎｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｋｉｎｄａｒｅｎｏｔ　５０　ｏｂｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ．４１．Ａ．ｏｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎＢ．ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓＣ．ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆＤ．ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ４２．Ａ．ｏｎｌｙｉｆＢ．ｍｕｃｈａｓＣ．ｌｏｎｇｂｅｆｏｒｅＤ．ｅｖｅｒｓｉｎｃｅ４３．Ａ．ｆｏｒＢ．ａｇａｉｎｓｔＣ．ｏｆＤ．ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ４４．Ａ．ｒｅｐｌａｃｅＢ．ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅＣ．ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔＤ．ｄｉｓｐｏｓｅ４５．Ａ．ｅｎｈａｎｃｅＢ．ｍｉｘＣ．ｆｅｅｄＤ．ｒａｉｓｅ４６．Ａ．ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓＢ．ｒｏｕｔｅｓＣ．ｐａｔｈｓＤ．ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ４７．Ａ．ｓｅｌｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｔＢ．ｓｅｌｆｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＣ．ｓｅｌｆｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄＤ．ｓｅｌｆｒｅｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄ４８．Ａ．ｓｅａｒｃｈＢ．ｓａｖｅＣ．ｏｆｆｅｒＤ．ｓｅｅｋ４９．Ａ．ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎＢ．ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅＣ．ｒａｔｅＤ．ｒａｔｉｏ５０．Ａ．ｇｅｎｕｉｎｅｌｙＢ．ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙＣ．ｐｒｅｓｕｍａｂｌｙＤ．ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙＰａｒｔⅢＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｂｅｌｏｗｉｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｓｏｍｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．ＦｏｒｅａｃｈｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡ，Ｂ，ＣａｎｄＤ．Ｒｅａｄｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｓｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｃｈｏｏｓｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔａｎｓｗｅｒｔｏｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．ＴｈｅｎｍａｒｋｙｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ１ｂｙｂｌａｃｋｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｒａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｈａｐｅｎｃｉｌ．（４０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ１Ａｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｌｏｎｇａｎｄｅｆｆｏｒｔｌｅｓｓｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｃａｎｂｅａｄｒｅａｄｆｕｌｈａｎｄｉｃａｐ，ｂｕｔ，ｉｆｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙｈａｎｄｌｅｄ，ｉｔｍａｙｂｅｃｏｍｅａｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｏｒｃｅ．ＷｈｅｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｊｕｓｔｓｕｃｈａｇｌｏｗｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄＷｏｒｌｄＷａｒ，ｉｔｈａｄａｍａｒｋｅｔｅｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎａｎｙｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｏｒ，ｇｉｖｉｎｇｉｔｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｕｎｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｅｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｏｆｓｃａｌｅ．Ｉｔｓｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｓｂｅｓｔ，ｉｔｓｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓｋｉｌｌｅｄ．ＡｍｅｒｉｃａａｎｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｒ１ｏｕｓｂｅｙｏｎｄｔｈｅｄｒｅａｍｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓａｎｄＡｓｉａｎｓｗｈｏｓｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｔｈｅｗａｒｈａｄｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｅｄ．Ｉｔｗａｓｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｅｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｐｒｉｍａｃｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｎａｒｒｏｗｅｄａｓｏｔｈｅｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｇｒｅｗｒｉｃｈｅｒ．Ｊｕｓｔａｓｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｙ，ｔｈｅｒｅｔｒｅａｔｆｒｏｍｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅｐｒｏｖｅｄｐａｉｎｆｕｌ．Ｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｄ１９８０ｓ，Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｈａｄｆｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓａｔａｌｏｓｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｉｒｆａｄｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ．ＳｏｍｅｈｕｇｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ，ｈａｄｓｈｒｕｎｋｏｒｖａｎｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｅｏｆｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．Ｂｙ１９８７ｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｏｎｌｙｏｎｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｔｅｌｅｖｉｓｉｏｎｍａｋｅｒｌｅｆｔ，Ｚｅｎｉｔｈ．（Ｎｏｗｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｎｅ：ＺｅｎｉｔｈｗａｓｂｏｕｇｈｔｂｙＳｏｕｔｈＫｏｒｅａｓＬＧＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｉｎＪｕｌｙ．）Ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｍａｄｅｃａｒｓａｎｄｔｅｘｔｉｌｅｓｗｅｒｅｓｗｅｅｐｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ．Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｓｍａｃｈｉｎｅｔｏｏｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｗａｓｏｎｔｈｅｒｏｐｅｓ．Ｆｏｒａｗｈｉｌｅｉｔｌｏｏｋｅｄａｓｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｍａｋｉｎｇｏｆｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈＡｍｅｒｉｃａｈａｄｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄａｎｄｗｈｉｃｈｓａｔａｔｔｈｅｈｅａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒａｇｅ，ｗａｓｇｏｉｎｇｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｃａｓｕａｌｔｙ．Ａｌｌｏｆｔｈｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄａｃｒｉｓｉｓｏｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ．Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｓｔｏｐｐｅｄｔａｋｉｎｇｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｆｏｒｇｒａｎｔｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｙｂｅｇａｎｔｏｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｒｗａｙｏｆｄｏｉｎｇｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｗａｓｆａｉｌｉｎｇ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｃｏｍｅｓｗｏｕｌｄｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｓｈｏｒｔｌｙｂｅｇｉｎｔｏｆａｌｌａｓｗｅｌｌ．Ｔｈｅｍｉｄ１９８０ｓｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｏｎｅｉｎｑｕｉｒｙａｆｔｅｒａｎｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆＡｍｅｒｉｃａｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ．Ｔｈｅｉｒｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓｓｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎａｌｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｆｉｌｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｗａｒｎｉｎｇｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓ．Ｈｏｗｔｈｉｎｇｓｈａｖｅｃｈａｎｇｅｄ！Ｉｎ１９９５ｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｃａｎｌｏｏｋｂａｃｋｏｎｆｉｖｅｙｅａｒｓｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｗｈｉｌｅＪａｐａｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇ．ＦｅｗＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｈｉｓｓｏｌｅｌｙｔｏｓｕｃｈｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｃａｕｓｅｓａｓｄｅｖａｌｕｅｄｄｏｌｌａｒｏｒｔｈｅｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｃｙｃｌｅ．Ｓｅｌｆｄｏｕｂｔｈａｓｙｉｅｌｄｅｄｔｏｂｌｉｎｄｐｒｉｄｅ．“Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｓｃｈａｎｇｅｄｉｔｓｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ，ｈａｓｇｏｎｅｏｎａｄｉｅｔ，ｈａｓｌｅａｒｎｔｔｏｂｅｍｏｒｅｑｕｉｃｋｗｉｔｔｅｄ，”ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＲｉｃｈａｒｄＣａｖａｎａｇｈ，ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅｄｅａｎｏｆＨａｒｖａｒｄｓＫｅｎｎｅｄｙＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＧｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ．“ＩｔｍａｋｅｓｍｅｐｒｏｕｄｔｏｂｅａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｊｕｓｔｔｏｓｅｅｈｏｗｏｕｒｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓａｒｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ．”ｓａｙｓＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＭｏｏｒｅｏｆｔｈｅＣａｔｏＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ａｔｈｉｎｋｔａｎｋｉｎＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ，Ｄ．Ｃ．ＡｎｄＷｉｌｌｉａｍＳａｈｌｍａｎｏｆｔｈｅＨａｒｖａｒｄＢｕｓｉｎｅｓｓＳｃｈｏｏｌｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｉｌｌｌｏｏｋｂａｃｋｏｎｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄａｓ“ａｇｏｌｄｅｎａｇｅｏｆｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ．”５１．ＴｈｅＵ．Ｓ．ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄｉｔｓｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅａｆｔｅｒＷｏｒｌｄＷａｒⅡｂｅｃａｕｓｅ．［Ａ］ｉｔｈａｄｍａｄｅｐａｉｎｓｔａｋｉｎｇｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｉｓｇｏａｌ［Ｂ］ｉｔｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔｗａｓｅｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎｂｅｆｏｒｅ［Ｃ］ｔｈｅｗａｒｈａｄｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｅｄｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｏｆｍｏｓｔｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｏｒｓ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｕｎｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｅｄｓｉｚｅｏｆｉｔｓｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｃｅｈａｄｇｉｖｅｎａｎｉｍｐｅｔｕｓｔｏｉｔｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ５２．ＴｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆＵ．Ｓ．ｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎｔｈｅ１９８０ｓｉｓｍａｎｉｆｅｓｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎ．［Ａ］ＴＶｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｗｉｔｈｄｒａｗｎｔｏｉｔｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ［Ｂ］ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｂｅｅｎｔａｋｅｎｏｖｅｒｂｙｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓ［Ｃ］ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｔｏｏｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅｄａｆｔｅｒｓｕｉｃｉｄａｌａｃｔｉｏｎｓ［Ｄ］ａｕｔｏｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｌｏｓｔｐａｒｔｏｆｉｔｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ５３．Ｗｈａｔｃａｎｂｅｉｎｆｅｒｒｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ？［Ａ］Ｉｔｉｓｈｕｍａｎｎａｔｕｒｅｔｏｓｈｉｆｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｅｌｆｄｏｕｂｔａｎｄｂｌｉｎｄｐｒｉｄｅ．［Ｂ］Ｉｎｔｅｎｓｅｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｍａｙｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｏｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ．［Ｃ］Ｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ．［Ｄ］Ａｌｏｎｇｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｍａｙｐａｖｅｔｈｅｗａｙｆｏｒｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．５４．ＴｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆｔｈｅＵ．Ｓ．ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎｔｈｅ１９９０ｓｃａｎｂｅａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅ．［Ａ］ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｃｙｃｌｅ［Ｂ］ｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ［Ｃ］ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ［Ｄ］ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｉｎｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ２【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ２Ｂｅｉｎｇａｍａｎｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｂｏｕｔ１０５ｍａｌｅｓｂｏｒｎｆｏｒｅｖｅｒｙ１００ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ，ｂｕｔｔｈｉｓｒａｔｉｏｄｒｏｐｓｔｏｎｅａｒｂａｌａｎｃｅａｔｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｍａｔｕｒｉｔｙ，ａｎｄａｍｏｎｇ７０ｙｅａｒｏｌｄｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｗｉｃｅａｓｍａｎｙｗｏｍｅｎａｓｍｅｎ．Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｕｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌｏｆｍａｌｅｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｄ．Ｎｏｗ，ｂｏｙｂａｂｉｅｓｓｕｒｖｉｖｅａｌｍｏｓｔａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｇｉｒｌｓｄｏ．Ｔｈｉｓｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔ，ｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅｒｅｗｉｌｌｂｅａｎｅｘｃｅｓｓｏｆｂｏｙｓｉｎｔｈｏｓｅｃｒｕｃｉａｌｙｅａｒｓｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｙａｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｇｆｏｒａｍａｔｅ．Ｍｏｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ，ａｎｏｔｈｅｒｃｈａｎｃｅｆｏｒｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｍｏｖｅｄ．Ｆｉｆｔｙｙｅａｒｓａｇｏ，ｔｈｅｃｈａｎｃｅｏｆａｂａｂｙ（ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙａｂｏｙｂａｂｙ）ｓｕｒｖｉｖｉｎｇｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｄｏｎｉｔｓｗｅｉｇｈｔ．Ａｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｔｏｏｌｉｇｈｔｏｒｔｏｏｈｅａｖｙｍｅａｎｔａｌｍｏｓｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｅａｔｈ．Ｔｏｄａｙｉｔｍａｋｅｓａｌｍｏｓｔｎｏｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ．Ｓｉｎｃｅｍｕｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｕｅｔｏｇｅｎｅｓ，ｏｎｅｍｏｒｅａｇｅｎｔｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｈａｓｇｏｎｅ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎｏｔｈｅｒｗａｙｔｏｃｏｍｍｉｔｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｓｕｉｃｉｄｅ：ｓｔａｙａｌｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔｈａｖｅｆｅｗｅｒｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．Ｆｅｗｐｅｏｐｌｅａｒｅａｓｆｅｒｔｉｌｅａｓｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ．Ｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｎｓｏｍｅｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ，ｖｅｒｙｆｅｗｗｏｍｅｎｈａｖｅ１５ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．Ｎｏｗａｄａｙｓｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｂｉｒｔｈｓ，ｌｉｋｅｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｄｅａｔｈ，ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｖｅｒａｇｅ．Ｍｏｓｔｏｆｕｓｈａｖｅｒｏｕｇｈｌｙｔｈｅｓａｍｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｏｆｆｓｐｒｉｎｇ．Ａｇａｉｎ，ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｐｅｏｐｌｅａｎｄｔｈｅｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙｆｏｒｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｔａｋｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｉｔｈａｖｅｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ．Ｉｎｄｉａｓｈｏｗｓｗｈａｔｉｓｈａｐｐｅｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｏｆｆｅｒｓｗｅａｌｔｈｆｏｒａｆｅｗｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｃｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｐｏｖｅｒｔｙｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇｔｒｉｂａｌｐｅｏｐｌｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｇｒａｎｄｍｅｄｉｏｃｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｏｄａｙ—ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅｂｅｉｎｇｔｈｅｓａｍｅｉｎｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌａｎｄｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｏｆｆｓｐｒｉｎｇ—ｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｌｏｓｔ８０％ｏｆｉｔｓｐｏｗｅｒｉｎｕｐｐｅｒｍｉｄｄｌｅｃｌａｓｓＩｎｄｉａｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｔｒｉｂｅｓ．Ｆｏｒｕｓ，ｔｈｉｓｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｖｅｒ；ｔｈｅｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＵｔｏｐｉａｈａｓａｒｒｉｖｅｄ．Ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｌｙ，ｉｔｈａｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｌｉｔｔｌｅｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｃｈａｎｇｅ．Ｎｏｏｔｈｅｒｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｆｉｌｌｓｓｏｍａｎｙｐｌａｃｅｓｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ．Ｂｕｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ１００，０００ｙｅａｒｓ—ｅｖｅｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ１００ｙｅａｒｓ—ｏｕｒｌｉｖｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｕｔｏｕｒｂｏｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｎｏｔ．Ｗｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｅｖｏｌｖｅ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｄｉｄｉｔｆｏｒｕｓ．Ｄａｒｗｉｎｈａｄａｐｈｒａｓｅｔｏｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｏｓｅｉｇｎｏｒａｎｔｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ：ｔｈｅｙ“ｌｏｏｋａｔａｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｂｅｉｎｇａｓａｓａｖａｇｅｌｏｏｋｓａｔａｓｈｉｐ，ａｓａｔｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇｗｈｏｌｌｙｂｅｙｏｎｄｈｉｓｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ．”Ｎｏｄｏｕｂｔｗｅｗｉｌｌｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒａ２０ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｗａｙｏｆｌｉｆｅｂｅｙｏｎｄｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｆｏｒｉｔｓｕｇｌｉｎｅｓｓ．ＢｕｔｈｏｗｅｖｅｒａｍａｚｅｄｏｕｒｄｅｓｃｅｎｄａｎｔｓｍａｙｂｅａｔｈｏｗｆａｒｆｒｏｍＵｔｏｐｉａｗｅｗｅｒｅ，ｔｈｅｙｗｉｌｌｌｏｏｋｊｕｓｔｌｉｋｅｕｓ．５５．Ｗｈａｔｕｓｅｄｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｄａｎｇｅｒｉｎｂｅｉｎｇａｍａｎａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ？［Ａ］Ａｌａｃｋｏｆｍａｔｅｓ．［Ｂ］Ａｆｉｅｒｃｅｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．［Ｃ］Ａｌｏｗｅｒｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌｒａｔｅ．［Ｄ］Ａｄｅｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｇｅｎｅ．５６．ＷｈａｔｄｏｅｓｔｈｅｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆＩｎｄｉａｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ？［Ａ］Ｗｅａｌｔｈｙｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｅｎｄｔｏｈａｖｅｆｅｗｅｒｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｔｈａｎｐｏｏｒｐｅｏｐｌｅ．［Ｂ］Ｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｈａｒｄｌｙｗｏｒｋｓａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｒｉｃｈａｎｄｔｈｅｐｏｏｒ．［Ｃ］Ｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｃｌａｓｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｓ８０％ｓｍａｌｌｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆｔｒｉｂｅｓ．［Ｄ］Ｉｎｄｉａｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｗｉｔｈａｖｅｒｙｈｉｇｈｂｉｒｔｈｒａｔｅ．５７．Ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒａｒｇｕｅｓｔｈａｔｏｕｒｂｏｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｓｔｏｐｐｅｄｅｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｂｅｃａｕｓｅ．［Ａ］ｌｉｆｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｄｖａｎｃｅ［Ｂ］ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｆｅｍａｌｅｂａｂｉｅｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｃｌｉｎｉｎｇ［Ｃ］ｏｕｒｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｈａｓｒｅａｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｓｔａｇｅｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｗｅａｌｔｈａｎｄｐｏｖｅｒｔｙｉｓｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇ５８．Ｗｈｉｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｔｉｔｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ？［Ａ］ＳｅｘＲａｔｉｏＣｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎＨｕｍａｎＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ［Ｂ］ＷａｙｓｏｆＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｎｇＭａｎｓＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ［Ｃ］ＴｈｅＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙＦｕｔｕｒｅｏｆＮａｔｕｒｅ［Ｄ］ＨｕｍａｎＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＧｏｉｎｇＮｏｗｈｅｒｅ３【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题系统精析Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ３Ｗｈｅｎａｎｅｗｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎａｒｔａｔｔａｉｎｓａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｆａｓｈｉｏｎ，ｉｔｉｓａｄｖｉｓａｂｌｅｔｏｆｉｎｄｏｕｔｗｈａｔｉｔｓａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓａｒｅａｉｍｉｎｇａｔ，ｆｏｒ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒｆａｒｆｅｔｃｈｅｄａｎｄｕｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｍａｙｓｅｅｍｔｏｄａｙ，ｉｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｈａｔｉｎｙｅａｒｓｔｏｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｙｍａｙｂｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓｎｏｒｍａｌ．ＷｉｔｈｒｅｇａｒｄｔｏＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｃａｓｅｉｓｒａｔｈｅｒｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ，ｆｏｒｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｍａｙｂｅ———ｅｖｅｎａｄｍｉｔｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｉｓｂａｓｅｄｍａｙｂｅｒｉｇｈｔ———ｉｔｃａｎｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｃｌａｓｓｅｄａｓＬｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．Ｔｈｉｓ，ｉｎｂｒｉｅｆ，ｉｓｗｈａｔｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｓａｙｓ：ｆｏｒａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｐａｓｔｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｌｉｆｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｓｐｅｅｄｉｎｇｕｐ，ｔｉｌｌｎｏｗｗｅｌｉｖｅｉｎａｗｏｒｌｄｏｆｎｏｉｓｅａｎｄｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅａｎｄｓｐｅｅｄ．Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ，ｏｕｒｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｓ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｓ，ａｎｄｅｍｏｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅａｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅ．Ｔｈｉｓｓｐｅｅｄｉｎｇｕｐｏｆｌｉｆｅ，ｓａｙｓｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔ，ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓａｎｅｗｆｏｒｍｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．Ｗｅｍｕｓｔｓｐｅｅｄｕｐｏｕｒｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｔｏｏ，ｉｆｗｅｗａｎｔｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｍｏｄｅｒｎｓｔｒｅｓｓ．Ｗｅｍｕｓｔｐｏｕｒｏｕｔａｌａｒｇｅｓｔｒｅａｍｏｆｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｗｏｒｄｓ，ｕｎｈａｍｐｅｒｅｄｂｙｓｔｏｐｓ，ｏｒｑｕａｌｉｆｙｉｎｇａｄｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ，ｏｒｆｉｎｉｔｅｖｅｒｂｓ．Ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｉｎｇｓｏｕｎｄｓｗｅｍｕｓｔｍａｋｅｕｐｗｏｒｄｓｔｈａｔｉｍｉｔａｔｅｔｈｅｍ；ｗｅｍｕｓｔｕｓｅｍａｎｙｓｉｚｅｓｏｆｔｙｐｅａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｏｌｏｒｅｄｉｎｋｓｏｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐａｇｅ，ａｎｄｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｏｒｌｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｗｏｒｄｓａｔｗｉｌｌ．Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙｔｈｅｉｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｂａｔｔｌｅｓａｒｅｃｏｎｆｕｓｅｄ．ＢｕｔｉｔｉｓａｌｉｔｔｌｅｕｐｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｔｏｒｅａｄｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｏｒｙｎｏｔｅｓｔｈａｔａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｉｎｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓａｆｉｇｈｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎａＴｕｒｋｉｓｈａｎｄａＢｕｌｇａｒｉａｎｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｏｎａｂｒｉｄｇｅｏｆｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｙｂｏｔｈｆａｌｌｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒ—ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｏｆｉｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｉｎｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｉｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｆａｌｌｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｗｅｉｇｈｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ：“Ｐｌｕｆｆ！Ｐｌｕｆｆ！Ａｈｕｎｄｒｅｄａｎｄｅｉｇｈｔｙｆｉｖｅｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｓ．”Ｔｈｉｓ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈｉｔｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｓｔｈｅｌａｗｓａｎｄｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ，ｃａｎｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｃｌａｓｓｅｄａｓＬｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．Ａｌｌｔｈｅｓａｍｅ，ｎｏｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇｍａｎｃａｎｒｅｆｕｓｅｔｏａｃｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｉｒｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ：ｔｈａｔａｇｒｅａｔｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｏｕｒｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｌｉｆｅｃａｌｌｓｆｏｒａｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅａｌｌｙｔｈｉｓ：ｈａｖｅｗｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｃｈａｎｇｅｄ？５９．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙ．［Ａ］ａｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｎｅｗａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｔｏａｒｔ［Ｂ］ａｒｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ［Ｃ］ａｂｏｕｔｍｅｒｉｔｓｏｆｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ［Ｄ］ａｂｏｕｔｌａｗｓａｎｄｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ６０．Ｗｈｅｎａｎｏｖｅｌｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｉｄｅａａｐｐｅａｒｓ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｔｒｙｔｏ．［Ａ］ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｉｔｓｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ［Ｂ］ｉｇｎｏｒｅｉｔｓｆｌａｗｓ［Ｃ］ｆｏｌｌｏｗｔｈｅｎｅｗｆａｓｈｉｏｎｓ［Ｄ］ａｃｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ６１．Ｆｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｓｃｌａｉｍｔｈａｔｗｅｍｕｓｔ．［Ａ］ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ［Ｂ］ｕｓｅｐｏｅｔｒｙｔｏｒｅｌｉｅｖｅｍｏｄｅｒｎｓｔｒｅｓｓ［Ｃ］ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｎｅｗｍｏｄｅｓｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ［Ｄ］ａｖｏｉｄｕｓｉｎｇａｄｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓａｎｄｖｅｒｂｓ６２．ＴｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｉｓ．［Ａ］ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ［Ｂ］ｎｅｗａｎｄａｃｃｅｐｔａｂｌｅｔｏｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｐｅｏｐｌｅ［Ｃ］ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｖｅｏｆａｂａｓｉｃｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｈｕｍａｎｎａｔｕｒｅ［Ｄ］ｍｏｒｅｏｆａｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｔｈａｎｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ４【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ４Ａｉｍｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓｈａｓｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｅｎｔｙｐ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ｏｐｅｎｌｙｈｏｎｏｒｅｄ，ｉｔｉｓｌｅｓｓｏｐｅｎｌｙｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｅｄ．Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓ，ｏｆｃｏｕｒｓｅ，ｓｏｍｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｒｉｖｅｎｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ，ｏｒｍａｄｅｓｌｙ．Ｓｕｃｈ，ｔｈｅｎ，ｉｓｔｈｅｗａｙｔｈｉｎｇｓｓｔａｎｄ：ｏｎｔｈｅｌｅｆｔａｎｇｒｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｓ，ｏｎｔｈｅｒｉｇｈｔｓｔｕｐｉｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ，ａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅ，ａｓｕｓｕａｌ，ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｅａｒｎｅｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｒｙｉｎｇｔｏｇｅｔｏｎｉｎｌｉｆｅ．６７．Ｉｔｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｍａｙｂｅｗｅｌｌｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄｉｆ．［Ａ］ｉｔｓｒｅｔｕｒｎｓｗｅｌｌｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅｓ［Ｂ］ｉｔｉｓｒｅｗａｒｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍｏｎｅｙ，ｆａｍｅａｎｄｐｏｗｅｒ［Ｃ］ｉｔｓｇｏａｌｓａｒｅｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ［Ｄ］ｉｔｉｓｓｈａｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｉｃｈａｎｄｔｈｅｆａｍｏｕｓ６８．Ｔｈｅｌａｓｔｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｉｍｐｌｉｅｓｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓ．［Ａ］ｃｕｓｔｏｍａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｏｄｉｓｃａｒｄａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｗｏｒｄｓ［Ｂ］ｔｏｏｌａｔｅｔｏｃｈｅｃｋａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｎｃｅｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｌｅｔｏｕｔ［Ｃ］ｄｉｓｈｏｎｅｓｔｔｏｄｅｎｙａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｇｏａｌ［Ｄ］ｉｍｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｏｅｎｊｏｙｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｆｒｏｍａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ６【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）６９．Ｓｏｍｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｏｎｏｔｏｐｅｎｌｙａｄｍｉｔｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅ．［Ａ］ｔｈｅｙｔｈｉｎｋｏｆｉｔａｓｉｍｍｏｒａｌ［Ｂ］ｔｈｅｉｒｐｕｒｓｕｉｔｓａｒｅｎｏｔｆａｍｅｏｒｗｅａｌｔｈ［Ｃ］ａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｎｏｔｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｙｄｏｎｏｔｗａｎｔｔｏａｐｐｅａｒｇｒｅｅｄｙａｎｄｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｔｉｂｌｅ７０．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｌａｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｄｒａｗｎｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ．［Ａ］ｓｅｃｒｅｔｌｙａｎｄｖｉｇｏｒｏｕｓｌｙ［Ｂ］ｏｐｅｎｌｙａｎｄｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙ［Ｃ］ｅａｓｉｌｙａｎｄｍｏｍｅｎｔａｒｉｌｙ［Ｄ］ｖｅｒｂａｌｌｙａｎｄｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｌｙＰａｒｔⅣＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｎｅａｔｌｙｏｎｔｈｅＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１５ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｗｅｌｆａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｌａｒｇｅｌｙｏｎｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｗｅａｌｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．（７１）Ｕｎｄｅｒｍｏｄｅｒｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｔｈｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓｖａｒｙｉｎｇｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌａｎｄｈｅｎｃｅｔｈｅｈｅｌｐｏｆｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｓｔｓａｎｄｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ．（７２）Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，ｉｔｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｏｆａｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｓｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｂｏｕｎｄｕｐｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｉｔｓａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｉｎｔｕｒｎｒｅｓｔｓｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓｏｆａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓ．Ｉｔａｌｓｏｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｓｅｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｓｔｅｐｕｐｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｓｕｒｅｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓｕｔｉｌｉｚｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｂｅｓｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ．Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｔｈｅｙｍａｙｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｗａｙｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｕｐｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ；ｔｈｅｙｍａｙａｌｔｅｒｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｏｒｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｗａｓｔａｇｅｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｒｔａｐｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｈｉｔｈｅｒｔｏｕｎｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｅｄ；ｏｒｔｈｅｙｍａｙｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．Ｉｎａｎｙｃａｓｅ，ａｌｌｓｕｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｈｅａｖｉｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｄｖｉｃｅａｎｄａｌｓｏｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｎｐｏｗｅｒｏｆａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓ．（７３）Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｍａｓｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｎｅｗｗａｎｔｓａｎｄａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｎｅｗｃｕｓｔｏｍｓａｎｄｉｄｅａｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｉｌｌｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｓｇｉｖｅｎａｂｏｖｅ．Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅｎｏｒｍａｌｒａｔｅｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｔａｋｉｎｇｐｌａｃｅａｔａｖａｓｔｌｙａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｓｐｅｅｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐａｓｔ．Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，（７４）ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚｅｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｆＥｕｒｏｐｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ—ｗｉｔｈａｌｌｔｈｅｆａｒｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｓｏｃｉａｌｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｔｈａｔｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ—ｗａｓｓｐｒｅａｄｏｖｅｒｎｅａｒｌｙａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｗｈｅｒｅａｓｎｏｗａｄａｙｓａｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｎａｔｉｏｎｍａｙｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｒｓｏ．Ａｌｌｔｈｉｓｈａｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｕｐｕｎｕｓｕａｌｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ．（７５）Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｓｏｃｉａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓｍａｙａｌｓｏｏｃｃｕｒｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｅｘｐｌｏｓｉｏｎｏｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｒｉｓｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍａｓｓｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ—ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｍａｄｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｅａｓｙｎｏｗａｄａｙｓｂｙｍｏｄｅｒｎｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ．Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆａｌｌｔｈｅｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ，ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｆｏｒｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｔｈｅａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓａｎｄｐｕｔｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｉｎｔｏｅｆｆｅｃｔ．７ＰａｒｔⅤＷｒｉｔｉｎｇ（１５ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ａ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｗｏｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｗｒｉｔｅａｎｅｓｓａｙｏｆａｔｌｅａｓｔ１５０ｗｏｒｄｓ．Ｂ．ＹｏｕｒｅｓｓａｙｍｕｓｔｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｎｅａｔｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．Ｃ．Ｙｏｕｒｅｓｓａｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｂｅｌｏｗ：　１）Ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ．　２）Ｄｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｉｎｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ．　３）Ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ．ＡＢｒｉｅｆＨｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＷｏｒｌｄＣｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌＦｉｓｈｉｎｇ８【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题系统精析２０００年考研英语真题答案快速扫描　（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）４１．Ｃ４２．Ａ４３．Ｂ４４．Ａ４５．Ｃ４６．Ｄ４７．Ｂ４８．Ｄ４９．Ｃ５０．Ｄ５１．Ｃ５２．Ｄ５３．Ｂ５４．Ａ５５．Ｃ５６．Ｂ５７．Ａ５８．Ｄ５９．Ｂ６０．Ａ６１．Ｃ６２．Ｄ６３．Ｂ６４．Ｄ６５．Ｃ６６．Ａ６７．Ａ６８．Ｃ６９．Ｄ７０．Ｂ２０００年考研英语真题答案系统精析ＰａｒｔⅠＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＶｏｃａｂｕｌａｒｙ　（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）ＰａｒｔⅡＣｌｏｚｅＴｅｓｔ文章大意本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调了农民储存余粮的必要性。

2000年考研英语真题及解析

2000年考研英语真题精解精析2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。

总体难度方面，各部分都较2000年略有增加。

SectionⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其体裁属于社会科学类。

其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。

文章开句提出全文的中心论点：农民想成功，就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距，即存储较多的余粮。

之后的几个句子分别从正面和反面论证了农民使自己的生产大于消费的必要性。

【英汉对照】If a farmer wishes to succeed,he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain41 consuming all his grain immediately.He can continue to support himself and his family42he produces a surplus.He must use this surplus in three ways:as seed for sowing,as an insurance43the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to44old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to45the soil.He may also need money to construct irrigation46and improve his farm in other ways.If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be47.He must either sell some of his property or48extra funds in the form of loans.Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low49of interest,but loans of this kind are not 50obtainable.一个农民要想成功，就必须在消费和生产之间努力保持着较大的差距。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4

Part FourAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores — personality, ability, courage or humanity — are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes （travels to and from work）and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one quarter.13. In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline14. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D] The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values.15. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.16. The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeUnit 7 （2000）Part 4重点词汇：1.postwar（战后）←post前缀“在后”+war；prewar （战前）←pre前缀“在前”+war。

2000年考研英语真题(含答案解析)

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately.③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil.⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways.⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 .⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans.⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable.［139 words］1.［A］ other than ［B］ as well as［C］ instead of ［D］ more than2.［A］ only if ［B］ much as［C］ long before ［D］ ever since3.［A］ for ［B］ against［C］ of ［D］ towards4.［A］ replace ［B］ purchase［C］ supplement ［D］ dispose5.［A］ enhance ［B］ mix［C］ feed ［D］ raise6.［A］ vessels ［B］ routes［C］ paths ［D］ channels7.［A］ self-confident ［B］ self-sufficient［C］ self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］ search ［B］ save［C］ offer ［D］ seek9.［A］ proportion ［B］ percentage［C］ rate ［D］ ratio10.［A］ genuinely ［B］ obviously［C］ presumably ［D］ frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled.④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence.②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC.⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises ［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions ［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13.What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］ The revival of the economy depends on international cooperate ［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle［B］ restructuring of industry［C］ improved business management［D］ success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous.②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.⑧Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past.③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average.⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.②Strangely, it has involved little physical change.③No other species fills so many places in nature.④But in the past 100, 000 years —even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16.What does the example of India illustrate?［A］ Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］ Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］ The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］ India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］ life has been improved by technological advance［B］ the number of female babies has been declining［C］ our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］ the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］ Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］ Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］ The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］ Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.②But it isa little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19.This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］ about merits of the Futurist movement［D］ about laws and requirements of literature20.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］ determine its purposes ［B］ ignore its flaws［C］ follow the new fashions ［D］ accept the principles21.Futurists claim that we must.［A］ increase the production of literature［B］ use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］ develop new modes of expression［D］ avoid using adjectives and verbs22.The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］ based on reasonable principles［B］ new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］ indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］ more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States.③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee.③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2, 125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education.⑥Last year MitsuoSetoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles.②“In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell.⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23.In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］ under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］ on the decline24.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］ Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］ More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］ Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］ The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25.Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］ Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］ Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］ More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］ Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］ the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］ the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］ the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］ the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.②If the tradition of ambitionis to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal.④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States.③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly.⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.［431 words］27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］ its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］ it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］ its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］ it is shared by the rich and the famous28.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］ customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］ too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］ dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal ［D］ impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］ they think of it as immoral［B］ their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］ they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］ secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］ easily and momentarily ［D］ verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past.For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B.Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111.C 12.D 13.B 14.APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart Ⅲ English-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下, 这需要程度不同的集中控制措施, 从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

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