小托福官方指南

Language and Meaning1.A. First timeB.The first timeC.Being the first timeD.It was the first time()I met Henry I was just seven years old. His family moved into the big, old house next door to ours. I am an only child, so I was ( ) A. Amazed B. Ignored C. Accepted D. Expected by how big Henry's family was. Henry 's three older sisters, his grandparents, and an uncle( )A. In the house together all livedB. Lived together in all the houseC. Together all in the house livedD. All lived in the house togetherwith Henry and his parents. Even though Henry was two years( )A. Older than meB. As old was IC. Older than ID. Old as Iwas, we quickly became friend.2. A parasite is a living thing that benefits at the expense of( )A. TheB. ThatC. OtherD. AnotherLiving thing. A brood parasite is a creature usually a bird, fish, or insect---( )A. TricksB. To trickC. TrickingD. That tricksanother creature into raising its young. A brood parasite bird puts its own eggs into another bird's nest and( )A. LetsB. It letC. To letD. Lettingthe other bird take care of the eggs. Cuckoos, cowbirds, and widowbirds are three examples( )A. OfB. ByC. ForD. Frombirds that are brood parasites. When the baby birds hatch from their eggs, the host bird --- the bird that is being tricked---feeds the brood parasite 's baby( )A. It were as ifB. Were as it ifC. As if it wereD. If as it wereone of its own. Brood parasites birds are able to fool host birds because their eggs look( )A. As similarB. So similarC. Similar andD. Similar than to the host bird's eggs.3. Dear Aunt Tina，I am writing ()A. Inviting youB. To invite youC. You are invitedD. Has invited you to my birthday party on Sunday afternoon, May 15. All my school friends and a few of my teachers will be( )A. AttendingB. InvitingC. StayingD. ArrivingMy mother asked me if I waned anyone else to come, ( )A. ButB. AndC. WhileD. Thereforethe first person I thought of was you! I hope you have to drive ( )A. For to get here two hoursB. Two hours for to get to thereC. To get for two hours thereD. For two hours to get thereBut the party should be a lot of fun, with music, games, and, of course, birthday cake!Love. Sandra4. The next assignment for art class will be different from(A. ExtraB. PreviousC. ContinuedD. Interestingones. This time, you, the students, get to choose what each of you wants to create. You can do a clay sculpture, a drawing, a watercolor painting, or anything else( )A. Before we in class have doneB. Done in class we have beforeC. We have before in class doneD. We have done before in classYou can choose ( )A. AnyB. ThatC. SomeD. Anothersubject you want. What is more important is ( )A. It is thoughtB. That you thinkC. You think of itD. What you thinkcarefully about what you want to create before you begin..5.Ski jumping is a winter sport( )A. TheB. ThatC. WhichD. In which competitors ski quickly down a hill and launch themselvesinto the air, trying to fly as( )A. Far is possibleB.Possibly as farC. Far as possibleD. Far a possibility Ski jumping was started in nineteenth century by a Norwegian army officer, Olaf Rye. He enjoyed skiing and liked to show his fellow soldiers( ) A. So far he could jump B. How far he could jumpC. To be able to jump so farD. and he could jump that far while skiing downhill.( )A. Little did he realize thatB. That little did he realizeC. Realize that little did heD. He did realize that littlehis skiing trick would grow into a popular sporting event. Nowadays, ski jumping is a well-known Winter Olympic sport. Athletes from many countries( )A. WinB. StandC. FinishD. Competeto jump the farthest. Unlike the first jumps of the sport's early days, which were( )A. LessB. A fewC. A littleD. A smalldozen meters long at most, ( )A. Those of todayB. It is of those todayC. And those are of todayD. To make those of todaycan exceed 200 meters. Given new technologies and advanced training techniques, ski jumping records will surely continue( )A. Are brokenB. To be brokenC. Breaking themD. Have been breaking6. Corn is a tall plant ( )A. Its stems carryB. Stems carryingC. Carried on its stemsD. With stems that carry edible seeds grouped in large ears. It is ( )A. OneB. SomeC. ManyD. Anotherof the world 's most important grains. It is used in ( )A. Breakfast cereals are madeB. To make breakfast cerealsC. Breakfast cereals to makeD. Making breakfast cerealsflour, and sweeteners, among other things. Corn is also one of the oldest crops, ( )A. Using itB. Has used itC. Has been usedD. Having been usedAs a food for the last 7,000 years. It is believed to have been first grown by humans in ( )A.now MexicoB. Now is MexicoC. What is now MexicoD. Where Mexico is nowBack then, however, corn did not look quite the same ( )( )A. To corn todayB. As it does todayC. That corn is todayD. Than today's doesA.wild varietiesB. Wild varieties thatC.varieties were wildD.whether wild varieties of corn had only a few seeds in each year. ( )A. UntilB. It wasC. AlthoughD. There wasby selectively breeding corn over many years that Native Americans developed types of corn with hundreds of seeds per year.7. Houseboats are boats( )A. Served as homesB. And homes servingC. That serve as homesD. As homes that are servedfor people. Known throughout recorded history, they are ( )A. YetB. StillC. EverD. Then used by people all around the world. ( ) A. It is B. When C. Because D. Althoughthe way they are made may be different from region to region, houseboats are very similar in many ways. Most of them have flat bottoms, and they are wider ( )A. OfB. AsC. ThanD. Fromnormal boats. They( )A. BuildB. Are builtC. Have builtD. Are buildingto provide a lot of living space, not for long, dangerous voyages. ( )A.in factB. Due toC. At lastD. Even if houseboats are not used to travel across wide oceans. Instead, they often remain in one body of water, such as a lake or a ( )A. Flows-slowB. Slowly-flowsC. Flowed-slowlyD. Slow-flowing river, for long periods of time. ( )A. Rarely they only areB. Only are rarely theyC. Are they only rarelyD. Only rarely are theymoved to new places.Read ing1. Stude nt VOlu nteer NeededOn Saturday, December 1艺,from 10 A.M. Un til 4 P.M., Carverto nMiddle School will be holding a music festival in the school gymnasium. The special eve nt will feature a variety of professi onal musicia ns and sin gers.We are looking for Carverton students to help with the jobs listed below.In terested stude nts should speak with Ms. Braxto n, the music teacher. Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permissi on from a pare nt or guardia n.Questi ons:1. What time will the festival begin?A. 10.A.MB. 11 A.M.C. 1 P.M.D. 2 P.M.2.1 n line 2, the word feature is closest in meaning to ?A. LookB. KeepC. In eludeD. en terta in3. What job will be done the day before the festival beg ins?A. Maki ng postersB. Sett ing up the gymC. Clea ning up the gymD. Help ing the performers4. Who is told to talk to Ms. Braxton?A. ParentsB. StudentsC. TeachersD. Performers2.Last Saturday, the students in Mr.Marshall ' s social studies class helc the school ' f isst-ever Current Event Awareness Day. The students themselves came up with the idea for the eve nt.As part of their regular studies, Mr. Marshall asks his stude nts to read the newspaper every day and to follow topics that they found particularly in teresti ng.The students became knowledgeahle about a number of current eve nts and wan ted to get other stude nts from outside their class more in terested in the n ews.For the eve nt, Mr. Marshall s stude nts formed in to five small groups. Each group focused on a particular area in current events. The main areas in eluded politics, the en vir onment, the economy, scie nee, and intern ati onal relati ons.The students prepared posters for the short presentations about their topics, whichthey then shared with the 230 people who atte nded the eve nt.Mr. Marshall was very proud of his students and impressed with the work they had done.They made the in formatio n easy for every one to un dersta nd” he said. They even made it entertaining!”Mr. Marshall hopes the eve nt will become a new school traditi on that will take place each year.I.Which headline best summarizes the article?A. Students Focus on Current EventsB. Five Issues Students Care About MostC. Stude nt Newspaper Read by Hun dredsD. Teache'Prese ntati on In spires Stude nts2」n line 5, the word knowledgeahle is closest in meaning to?A. SmartB. BoredC. InformedD. Well-known2. According to the article, what assignment does Mr.Marshall regularly give his stude nts?A. Reading the newspaperB. Giving class presentationsC. Doi ng research at the libraryD. Writ ing about curre nt eve nts3. According to the article, what made each student group different from the others?A. The number of people in itB. The schedule it had to followC. The kind of materials it madeD. The current events it discussed4. In line 10, the word they refers to ?A. TopicsB. PostersC. StudentsD. Presentations5. Based on his comme nts, what did Mr. Marshall thi nk about the eve nt?A. It was difficult to planB. It was larger than expectedC. It was both educational and funD. It was better than last year'event3. Well-k nown in many coun tries, tug-of-war is a sports eve nt witheasy rules and a lot of action. On a grassy field, two teams pull on opposite ends of a rope. The team that can pull the other team to its side of the field triumphs. Many places have local tug-of-war clubs that compete against each other. An international organization sets the rules of the competiti on.If one tug-of-war team weighs much more than the other team, the n it is easier for the heavier team to wi n. To keep con tests fair, all eight pullers on a team must be weighed. Only teams with similar weighs compete aga inst each other.The thrill of tug-of-war has been known for a very long time. In fact, it is one of the world ' oldest eve nt going back many cen turies. Tug-of-war existed in many places in an cie nt times, in cludi ng Greece, Egypt, and Korea. At one point it was even includedin the Olympic Games. It was in troduced into the Olympics in 1900, just four years after the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Greece. It was a part of the Olympics until 1920, when the rope was pulled for the final time as an official Olympic eve nt.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. Games of strength and speedB. A simple but excit ing con testC. Changing the rules of a fun gameD. The oldest sports at the Olympic Games2」n line 3, the word triumphs is closest in meaning to?A. WinsB. ArrivesC. RelaxesD. Gets tired3. Accord ing to the passage, what might make a tug-of-war con test un fair?A. Having eight pullers on each teamB. Including pullers who like tug-of-warC. Keeping teams on opposite sides of the same ropeD. Having teams with different weights compete against each other.4. What is done before a contest begins?A. T he rope is pulledB. T he field is measuredC. The teams are countedD. The pullers are weighed5. What does the author say about tug-of-war regarding the history of the game?A. I t was played in ancient timesB. I t was invented in GreeceC. Its rules were written down in 1900D. It was a part of the first modern Olympic Games6. What was the last year that tug-of-war was included in the Olympics?A.1896B. 1900C. 1904D. 19204.It 's Softball GameWant to have fun exercising in the sun? Want to meet new friends and learn how to work as part of a team? Want to represent your school in friendly competition against other schools? Want to gain health benefits that can make you an even better student? Then join the girl 's softball team!We'll be holding a meeting on Wednesday,January 15, at 7:00 pm in the gymnasium for anyone interested in joining the team. At the meeting, you and your parents will get to talk to current members of the team and me, the coach. We'll also hand out schedules of the games this season.You'll need to do a few things before you can join the team. First, you must bring me a letter from your doctor confirming that you are in good health. Second, you'll need to make sure that you have at least a “B”grade average in all your classes. Third,since they are very important to prepare for games, you'll need to make time in your schedule for the practice sessions. These are held every day after school for two hours. Fourth, you need to go to every game. Sometimes you will miss classes because of the games. However, you must notify your teachers at least a week in advance of the absence. You should complete in advance any work you'll miss and submit it at least one day before the absence. Finally, you and your parents will also need to complete some forms, such as permission slips.I look forward to meeting you. Go, team!Ms.Gobron1. What was the teacher's main reason for writing this letter?A. T o ask students to join the softball teamB. T o remind softball players to study seriouslyC. To encourage softball players to exercise regularlyD. To tell students the results of a recent softball game2. What is NOT one benefit of playing softball that is mentioned in the letter?A. Becoming healthierB. Making new friendsC. Learning team-workD. Winning scholarships3. According to the letter, what is one activity parents might do at the meeting on January 15?A. Fill out permission formsB. Ask the teacher questionsC. Create the new game scheduleD. Watch the team practice in the gym4. What is the first task new team members should do?A.Buy a practice uniform and equipmentB. Bring the coach a letter from the doctorC. Ask their parents to complete some formsD. Show the coach a copy of their grade report5.Whe n ano ther old cave is discovered in the south of Fran ce, it is not usually n ews. Rather, it is an ordinary eve nt. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, whe n the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Pain ted directly on its walls were hun dreds of sce nes show ing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting an imals, such as bis on or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far out nu mberi ng all other ani mals.Early artists draw ing these ani mals accomplished a monumen tal and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawli ng into n arrow passages in the Lascaux complex.Unfortun ately, the pain ti ngs have bee n exposed to the destructive acti on of water and temperature cha nges, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascauxcaves have many entran ces, air moveme nt has also damaged the images in side. Although they are not out in the ope n air, where n atural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recog ni zable. To preve nt further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23years after it was discovered.1. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. Wild animals in artB. Hidden prehistoric paintingsC. Explori ng caves respectfullyD. Determining the age of french caves2.1 n line 2-3, the words pays heed to are closest in meaning to?A. DiscoversB. WatchedC. NoticesD. Buys3. Based on the passage, what is probably true about the south of Franee?A. It is home to rare animalsB. It has a large number of cavesC. It is known for horse-racing eventsD. It has attracted many famous artists.4. According to the passage,which animals appear most often on the cave walls?A. BirdsB. Bis onC. HorsesD. Wild cats5. In line 6, the word depict is closest in meaning to?A. ShowB. Hu ntC. Cou ntD. Draw6. Why was pain ti ng in side the Lascaux complex a difficult task?A. It was completely dark in sideB. The caves were full of wild an imalsC. Painting materials were hard to findD. Many painting spaces were diffiicult to reach7. In line 9, the word they refers to ?A. WallsB. ArtistsC. AnimalsD. Materials8. Accord ing to the passage, all of the follow ing have caused damage to the pai ntings EXCEPT?A. Temperature changesB. Air environmentC. WaterD. Light9. What does the passage say happened at the Lascaux caves in 1963?A. Visitors were prohibited from enteringB. A new lighti ng system was in stalledC. A no ther part was discoveredD. A new entranee was created6.The Ion ger food is kept, the more likely it is to attract in sects. Eve n foods stored in containers often attract bugs. To solve this problem, scientists have been working with different odors in an attempt to find one strong eno ugh to keep in sects from going n ear food. One possibility would be use pla nts with stro ng smells, like garlic or pi ne, to keep in sects away. Un fort un ately, however, using these smells might keep some people away too!A more promising repellent is citronella oil, which comes from a type of lem on grass. An experime nt was done using this oil with a certa in in sect, the red flour beetle. Scie ntists sprayed cardboard boxes with citronella oil and noticed that the beetles did not enter those boxes. They were much more in terested in boxes that were not prayed.One problem with using citronella oil as a repellent, however, is that it is quiteephemeral ------------------ it simply does not last very long. After a fewmon ths it loses its smell, and bugs no Ion ger find it un pleasa nt. Scie ntists hope to improve citronella oil so that its scent remains strong for a Ion ger time. It will also be n ecessary to make sure that the oil is not harmful to people, as scientists are still not sure whether it is safe to use around food.1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Oil used in cookingB. Ways of protect ing food from in sectsC. The behavior of a kind of beetleD. Smells produced by different grasses2. In line 2, the word one refers to?A. An odorB. An in sectC. A scie ntistD. A container3. What does the author imply about the odors of garlic and pine?A. They last for a long timeB. They are not always very strongC. They can be un pleasa nt to peopleD. They attract certain species of beetles4. What are repelle nts?A. A food source for beetlesB. Machines used to get oil from plantsC. Substa nces used to keep in sects awayD. Chemicals used to speed up plant growth5. Which substa nee is NOT men ti oned as being un pleasa nt to in sects?A. PineB. FlourC. GarlicD. Citronella oil6. What does the author say about the sprayed boxes?A. They were very heavyB. They did not contain much foodC. Beetles avoided themD. Many in sects were trapped in them.7. In line 10, the word ephemeral is closest in meaning to ?A. WeightlessB. Short-livedC. OverpricedD. Not dist in guishable8. What are scientists hoping to do in the future?A. Breed larger beetlesB. Produce better-tasti ng foodsC. Grow lem on grass in greater qua ntitiesD. Make the odor of citr on ella oil last Ion ger9. In line 12, the word scent is closest in meaning to?A. SmellB. FlavorC. NatureD. Standard10. What do scientists still not know about citronella oil?A. What chemicals it containsB. Where it comes fromC. Why beetles like itD. How safe it is7.Each food we eat tastes differe nt, and there are un told nu mbers of different tastes. Still, all flavors are based on just four basic tastes: sweet, bitter, salty, and sour. Some food experts argue there is a fifth basic taste called umami ( a Japanese word that can be translated roughly as t asty ” or Savory” ), but this theory remai ns con troversial. Regardlessif whether there are four or five basic taste, the number is small.How can so few basic taste give rise to the enormous number of flavors we experie nee? This is possible because the basic tastes comb ine in different proportions. Compare this to colors. There are only three basic colors---yellow, red, and blue---but when mixed in different ways and proportions, these three basic colors are sufficient to create the vast array of colors that we see every day.Apart from being in flue need by differe nt comb in ati ons of the basic tastes, the experience of taste is also enriched by other sensations, such as odor and temperature. These fun cti on together to produce what we recog nize as unique tastes. In fact, what we perceive as taste ofte n invo Ives smell more tha n the taste experie need through the ton gue. This is why foods with strong tastes often seem bland to people who, due to a stuffy no se, cannot smell them. For example, cinnamon tastes quite mild to people who cannot enjoy its fragrant smell. The same is true of drinks, like hot coffee or tea, which taste best when they can be smelled as well as tasted.What can also con tribute to the sen sati on of taste is our ability to feel pain. The reason why hot, spicy foods like chili peppers are tasty is that they affect the lingual nociceptors are small areas on the surface of the body that help protect us against injury. Nociceptors on the skin warn us of potential damage to the body. When we arepricked with a needle, for example, nociceptors represent that sensation as pain. A special kind of nociceptor called a lingual nociceptor is found on the ton gue and, along with the other sen ses, helps us enjoy certa in foods.1. Which sentence best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. New tastes can be created in laboratoriesB. Taste is a comb in ati on of differe nt factorsC. Solid foods have a stronger taste than drinksD. The sense of taste is more importa nt tha n the sense of smell2. According to the author, what question is still debated?A. How many basic tastes there areB. Which tastes people enjoy mostC. Why foods lack flavor when a person is sickD. What causes the sensation of warmth on the tongue3.1 n line 5, the words give rise to are closest in meaning toA. LiftB. CountC. RemoveD. Produce4.1 n line 8, the word sufficient is closest in meaning to?A. FullB. SimpleC. SpecialD. Eno ugh5. What does the author imply about cinnamon?A. It can relieve a stuffy noseB. It can have a very strong tasteC. It should be kept in a cool placeD. It tastes better in large quantities6. I n line 16, the word con tribute is closest in meaning to ?A. AddB. JumpC. AppearD. Introduce7. What are lingual nociceptors?A. Foods that taste hotB. Substances in a food that improve its flavorC. Areas on the ton gue that sense spicy foodD. Small connections between the nose and mouth8.Scientists in China recently discovered the remains of a very oldvillage where salt was produced 4,000 years ago. At the site, called Zhongba, which is located near the Gan River in the Chongquing Municipality, the scientists found small cups still containing traces of ancient salt. Based on this discovery, they believe that 4,000 years ago the people of the village used the cups to boil salty water. Once the water evaporated, the salt was left behi nd.The Zhongba settlement is extremely important because it is the first place we know of where people had a method for collecting salt. Comparable evide nee of an cie nt salt producti on in the world comes from sites that are not nearly as old. The Zhongba settlement is also very different from other sites because of its unique source of salt. While in other places salt was dug from mines or extracted from sea water, the Zhon gba salt was obta ined from a salty river. Regardless of the source, the Zhon gba people must have valued salt greatly because salty foods were not as com mon the n as today. Such foods would have bee n difficult to find, and they were probably a rare luxury. But even though salt was scarce, people knew about it, and it was appreciated in the past just as much as it is today. What the discovery at Zhon gba shows is that people have had a taste for salt thousa nds of years!1. What is the passage mainly about?A. An early means of travel on riversB. An ancient method of fishing in riversC. A n importa nt discovery at an an cie nt villageD. The practice of trading foods in ancient times2. Where did the scientists find traces of salt?A. In small cupsB. In a boat on a riverC. At the bottom of a riverD. On food stored in the ground3. In line 3, the word they refers to?A. CupsB. TracesC. PeopleD. Scientists4. According to the author, why is the Zhongba settlement important?A. It is remarkably well preservedB. It was a trading center for the regionC. It contained traces of a food that could not be identifiedD. It is the oldest known place where salt was produced.5. What does the author say about salty foods in the past?A. They were not very tastyB. They were difficult to getC. They were used to treat diseases.D. They were shared by entire villages.6. In line 12, the word scarce is closest in meaning to?A. OldB. NormalC. Prese ntD. Un common7. What was unusual about the salt at Zhongba?A.It came from a riverB. I t was extremely pureC. It was found in large quantitiesD. It was dug up from a deep mine8. According to the author, what does the Zhongba discovery prove?A. Seawater was once used to cook foodB. Salt was mined in many different placesC. Food was transported over great distancesD. People have long enjoyed the taste of salt.。