翻译英语惯用语
汉英翻译第十讲惯用语的翻译.
• 例： （1） 敲诈勒索（成语） • Blackmail and impose exactions upon • 敲竹杠（惯用语） • Overcharge; fleece; soak • (2) 趋炎附势（成语） • Hurry to the glorious and hang on to the
• 例：（1） 门外汉
• A man outside the gate • (建议改成 the uninitiated 或 a layman) • （2） 小广播
• A small broadcast station • (建议意译成 spreading of hearsay
information) (3) 风凉话
• 从上面的例子中，译文同原文在意义和语体上都 是一致的。甚至有一部分惯用语能在英语习语里 找到同比喻者一致的对等物。
• 例：（1）开绿灯
• Give the green light • (2) 泼冷水
• Pour cold water on • (3) 唱反调
• Sing a different tune • (4) 挖空心思
• Hait hasn’t got a mind of his own on any matter of importance; he just goes with the tide.
• 海特在任何重要问题上都没有自己的主见，他只 是随大流。（这里不宜译成“随波逐流”。）
• They didn’t give him a raise, though he had licked his boss’s boots for years.
• Concentrate on one thing only
• (4) 咬耳朵
品味出来的英语惯用语(FoodIdioms)
英语知识1. She is the apple of his eye. 他非常宠爱她。
2. I don’t know beans about that. 我对此一无所知。
3. Where is the beef after all? 实质问题究竟在哪儿？4. I live on bread and water at school. 我在学校时过着粗茶淡饭的生活。
5. It’s only a piece of cake. 那是件很容易的事。
6. He gives a carrot to the boy. 他引诱这个男孩。
7. He is the big cheese. 他是个重要人物。
8. Well, I have other fish to fry. 好吧，我还有别的事要干。
9. He is just sour grapes. 他只是吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸。
10. The young man knows his onions. 这个小伙子精明能干。
11. He is eating humble pie. 他出丑了。
12. Mr. Green is a small (big) potato. 格林先生是个小（大）人物。
13. His statement must be taken with a grain of salt. 他的话不能全信。
14. I’m afraid he is in the soup. 恐怕他有麻烦。
15. It’s another cup of tea. 那是另一回事儿。
16. When she stays at home, she feels like a vegetable. 当她呆在家里时，觉得生活太单调。
作为一个会议口译译员，应该全面发展，不仅能搞同声传译工作，也要能搞即席传译工作，二者缺一不可。
由于同声传译比即席传译更加容易学习和掌握（这点恐怕同很多人的想象相反），所以，作为初学者，在掌握即席传译技术以前，最好先搞一段时间的同声传译工作。
新概念英语第三册Lesson10~12惯用语
新概念英语第三册Lesson10~12惯用语新概念英语第三册Lesson10惯用语1.only 要是…就好了(表示愿望)(=I wish, 虚拟语气特殊句型)(it would be better if...)（1）If only we had’t spent so much money on our vacation this year.要是我们今年度假时没有花这么多钱就好了!（2）If only, had’t caused so much trouble to the dean!要是我没给主任添这么多麻烦就好了!（3）A:I wish my hair was longer.A:我希望头发长一些。
B:Yes, pity you had it cut. If only you had listened to me.B:的确，真可惜你已经剪短了。
要是你当初能听我的话就好了。
2.in time 及时，及时赶上做例句：（1）Shouldn’t we call now if we are going to get a taxi in time?如果我们想及时叫辆出租的话，我们不该现在就打电话吗?（2）You won’t be able to get to the airport intime to catch that plane at four o’clock.你不会及时赶到机场去赶四点的那班飞机的。
（3）I saw the pitcher of water about to fall. but I couldn’t reach it in time.我看见那水罐就要倒了，可是没来得及抓住。
3.miss v. 未击中，未抓住;错过，未赶上;未理解;惦念，想念;逃脱，遗漏，省掉miss by (time)差...没赶上(miss sth.with a delay of...)（1）You just misssd the nine-thirty bus by five minutes.你差5分钟没赶上9:30的公共汽车。
【高中英语语法 词性】惯用语翻译不可“想当然”2英语听力
【高中英语语法词性】惯用语翻译不可“想当然”2三．许多英语的惯用表达中包含着固定搭配，如果不清楚这些特殊句型所表达的意义，就极易出现误译。
例如：11. It is a good athlete that never loses points.误译：从不丢分的运动员才是优秀的运动员。
应译为：再好的运动员也会丢分。
这里的，“It is a adj.+ n. that+否定句“是个习语中常出现的句型，应理解为”even if …+adj.，肯定句，即“再……的，也会……”。
而与此结构相似的强调句型中，一般没有形容词。
12. You are not going to marry her, and that’s final.误译：你不准同她结婚，那就算了。
应译为：你不许同她结婚，就这样完了。
这里的“You are not going to +v.”意思为“禁止你……，不许你……”。
13. The visit can’t have left us a deeper impression.误译：这次访问根本不会给我留下较为深刻的印象。
应译为：这次访问给我们留下的印象最深刻不过了。
这里的“can’t+形容词或副词比较级”是一种常用表达，其实要表达的是最高级的意义。
14. I can’t see you quickly enough.误译：我不能很快见到你。
应译为：我巴不得尽快与你见面。
这里的“cannot +adj./adv. + enough”，意思是“越……越好。
而另一个与此相似的句型，“can’t + adj./adv. +enough”，意思为“非常……十分……” I can’t like the English teaching enough. 应译为“我非常喜欢教英语。
”15. No criticism will be too severe to be gratefully acknowledged.误译：没有一种批评会是尖锐得使人无法领谢的。
英文翻译
1．Potluck Party：一种聚餐方式，主人准备场地和餐具，参加的人必须带一道菜或准备饮料，最好事先问问主人的意思。
2．Pull over！把车子开到旁边。
3．Drop me a line！写封信给我。
Give me a ring. = Call me！来个电话吧！4．For here or to go？堂食或外卖。
5．Cool：That's cool! 等於台湾年轻人常用的囗语"酷！"，表示不赖嘛！用于人或事均可6．What's up? = What's happening? = What's new? 见面时随囗问候的话"最近在忙什么？有什么新鲜事吗？"一般的回答是"Nothing much!"或"Nothing new!"7．Cut it out! = Knock it out！= Stop it! 少来这一套！同学之间开玩笑的话。
8．Don't give me a hard time! 别跟我过不去好不好！9．Get yourself together! 振作点行不行！10．Do you have "the" time? 现在几点钟？可别误以为人家要约你出去。
11．Hang in there. = Don't give up. = Keep trying. 再撑一下。
12．Give me a break! 你饶了我吧！（开玩笑的话）13．Hang on. 请稍候。
14．Blow it. = Screw up. 搞砸了。
15．What a big hassle. 真是个麻烦事。
16．What a crummy day. 多倒霉的一天。
17．Go for it. 加油18．You bet. = Of course. 当然；看我的！19．Wishful thinking. 一厢情愿的想法。
用英文表达中文惯用语1
用英文表达中文惯用语1. 炒鱿鱼：比喻某人被解雇、辞退Literal meaning（字面意义）：To fry cuttlefishFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Be sacked / be firedE.g. He was fired for always being late.2. 出气筒：比喻那些无故受气的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Breathing-out pumpFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Punching bagE.g. He always uses Ken as a punching bag.Don't use anyone as a punching bag.3. 穿小鞋：比喻暗中打击报复或利用权利故意刁难，使别人痛苦Literal meaning（字面意义）：Give someone tight shoes to wearFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Make things hard for someoneE.g. Don’t make things hard for Jeremy.4. 出风头：指故意吸引别人的注意，骄傲地显示自己比别人强Literal meaning（字面意义）：Stand out at the wind’s headFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Seek the limelight / show offE.g. She always tries her best to seek the limelight on different occasions.They enjoy showing off on certain occasions.5. 吹牛皮：指夸口、说大话Literal meaning（字面意义）：Blow up a bull’s skinFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: To boast / to bragE.g. Someone likes to brag.You are always boasting.6. 掉链子：比喻在关键时刻出现了问题而使事情产生了不好的结果Literal meaning（字面意义）：(Bike) chain falls offFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Drop the ballE.g. He dropped the ball at the critical moment and led to a bad consequence.7. 兜圈子：指说话拐弯抹角、不干脆、不直接Literal meaning（字面意义）：Circle aroundFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Beat about the bush/ beat around the bush E.g. Don’t beat around the bush.I see no reason to beat about the bush.。
用英文表达中文惯用语3
用英文表达中文惯用语1. 老狐狸：常常指那些非常狡猾、阴险的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：An old foxFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A cunning person / a sly person / a sharp operatorE.g. He is as cunning as a fox.He is a sharp operator.2. 老黄牛：用来比喻那些老实勤恳工作的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：An old oxFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A very loyal hard-workerE.g. He is a very loyal hard-worker.3. 老油条：指人油滑、圆滑Literal meaning（字面意义）：Old dough stickFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: A sophisticated person / a wily old bird E.g. He is a sophisticated person.That guy is a wily old bird.4. 驴脾气：指听不进别人的劝告、固执己见、直来直去的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：Donkey’s temperamentFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Stubborn / as stubborn as a muleE.g. He is stubborn.He is as stubborn as a mule.5. 落汤鸡：比喻那些全身湿透、样子狼狈的人Literal meaning（字面意义）：A chicken in a hot soupFigurative meaning（比喻意义）: Get soaked in the rain / like a drowned ratE.g. I look like a drowned rat because I almost drowned.We’d better go now in case we get soaked in the rain. 我们要走了，不然要淋成落汤鸡了。
英语习语成语
英语成语汉译In the seventh heaven 愉快，高兴Knit one's brow 皱眉头Last but not least 最后但不是最不重要的一点Laugh in sb's face 当面嘲笑Lay sth to heart 把某事放在心上Have pity on sb 同情某人Trojan horse 特洛伊木马—比喻暗藏的敌人或危险Tower of ivory 象牙塔—比喻世外桃源Sour grapes 酸葡萄—得不到的东西就说它不好Sphinx's riddle 斯芬克斯之谜—比喻难解之谜As wise as Solomon 像所罗门一样聪明—比喻非常富有智慧The fifth column 第五纵队—比喻间谍A Judas kiss 犹大之吻—比喻背叛行为Crocodile tears 鳄鱼眼泪—比喻假慈悲Wash one's hands of 洗手不干—撒手不管New wine in old bottles 旧瓶装新酒—旧形式不适合新内容In a pig's whisper 低声地；顷刻间Draw blood 伤人感情，惹人生气Hang on sb's sleeve 依赖某人，任某人做主Hang on sb's lips 对某人言听计从Make a monkey of 愚弄To be full of beans 精神旺盛，精力充沛Bend an ear to 聚精会神地听，倾听Get cold feet 开始感到怀疑、胆怯或害怕A skeleton at the feast 扫兴的人或东西Bury one's head in the sand 采取鸵鸟政策Burn the boat 破釜沉舟Castle in the air 空中楼阁A bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两After one's own heart 正中下怀One's hair stands on end 毛发倒竖Kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕Show the cloven hoof 露出马脚Hang by a hair 千钧一发Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵Have an axe to grind 别有用心Talk through one's hat 胡言乱语To be as poor as Job 家徒四壁Neither fish nor fowl/flesh 不伦不类No respecter of persons 一视同仁Leave no stone unturned 千方百计Hole and corner 偷偷摸摸；鬼鬼祟祟A fly in the ointment 美中不足By the skin of one's teeth 九死一生Call a spade a spade 直言不讳Pull sb's leg 愚弄某人，开某人的玩笑Move heaven and earth 想方设法，千方百计Child's play 简单的东西，容易的事情Eat one's words 承认自己说错了话Dog-eat-dog 残酷争夺，人吃人的关系Reap what one has sown 自作自受；自食其果；自掘坟墓；飞蛾扑火；咎由自取；玩火自焚；惹火烧身；作茧自缚Be on tenterhooks 坐立不安；如坐针毡；局促不安；心乱如麻；心烦意乱；七上八下；六神无主；手足无措Fish in the airCry for the moon Plough the sands Make a wild-goose chaseHold a candle to the sunCatch at shadows Lash the wavesBeat the air 水中捞月挑雪填井扬汤止沸缘木求鱼钻冰求酥以冰致蝇以狸饵鼠隔靴搔痒左右为难进退维谷骑虎难下左支右绌跋前踬后羚羊触藩不上不下进退两难无所适从莫衷一是Between the devil andthe deep seaStick in the mudBetween the horns of adilemmaBetween two firesIn a fixIn a cleft stickAt a nonplusHold a wolf by the earsWith one's back to thewallBetween Scylla andCharybdis汉语成语英译竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish / kill the goose that lays the golden eggs打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake / wake a sleeping dog易如反掌to be as easy as turning over one's hand / as easy as falling off a log玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself / fry in one's own grease挥金如土to spend money like dirt / spend money like water掌上明珠a pearl in the palm / the apple of one's eye 对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow / cast pearls before swine守口如瓶to keep one's mouth closed like a bottle / keep a still tongue in one's head雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather / help a lame dog over a stile画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it / paint the lily声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one's heart and bones 井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 劳苦功高to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits屡教不改to fail to mend one's ways after repeated admonition牢不可破to be so strongly built as to be indestructible 攻其不备to strike sb when he is unprepared史无前例to be without precedent in history粗枝大叶to be crude and careless无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness扬眉吐气to feel proud and elate灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious纸醉金迷a life of luxury and dissipation开门见山to come straight to the point单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale海阔天空to talk at random风雨飘摇of a situation being unstable毛遂自荐to volunteer one's service叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides锱铢必较to haggle over every penny罄竹难书of crimes too numerous to mention初出茅庐at the beginning of one's career倾国倾城to be exceedingly beautiful悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study小题大做make a mountain out of a molehill赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 洗心革面turn over a new leaf七颠八倒at sixes and sevens横行霸道throw one's weight about 大发雷霆blow one's top 过河拆桥kick down the ladder乳臭未干be wet behind the ears格格不入be like square pegs in round holes 魂不附体jump out of one's skin翻译中汉语四字格的使用Extend in all directions 四通八达Talk and laugh cheerfully 谈笑风生；欢声笑语A world of difference 天壤之别；截然不同；天差地别Take a risk in desperation 铤而走险；孤注一掷Disciples and followers 徒子徒孙；门生弟子Decline with all sorts of excuses 推三阻四；百般推辞Await with great anxiety 望穿秋水；望眼欲穿；翘首以待Remarkably true to life 惟妙惟肖；栩栩如生Be shamed into anger 恼羞成怒；老羞成怒Hate to see sb go 恋恋不舍；依依不舍；难舍难分Again and again 屡次三番Try to look happy when actually sad 强颜欢笑As if awakening from a dream 如梦初醒Walk off with sth 顺手牵羊Get instant results 立竿见影Achieve what one wishes 如愿以偿Broad daylight 光天化日Take on an entirely new look 焕然一新Face danger fearlessly 临危不惧翻译中英语成语的使用畅销sell like hot cakes抄近路cut corners出身显贵be born in the purple 出卖某人sell sb down the river 饭桶poor tool 思想敏捷think on one's feet放下架子get off one's high horse / pocket one's dignity放心breath again / breath easily非常紧张with one's heart in one's mouth非常健康as fit as a fiddle / in the pink of condition 雷声大雨点小much cry and little wool穷困潦倒be down and out / down at heels / come down in the world设身处地put oneself in sb's shoes使某人降级kick sb downstairs使某人难堪take the wind out of sb's sails讨厌have no use for体会言外之意read between the lines偷鸡不成蚀把米go for wool and come home shorn 投身于throw oneself into 说大话talk big改变立场shift one's ground / turn one's coat改过自新mend one's way / turn over a new leaf 话中有话with the tongue in the cheek禁止put the lid on拘泥礼节stand on ceremony决定性时刻zero hour埋头读书have one's nose in a book撵走某人send sb packing / show sb the door 就转局势turn the tide弄清楚make head or tail of / to button down谚语的翻译out of sight，out of mind。
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翻译英语惯用语不可“想当然”一．有些英语惯用语表达的真正含义是其喻义或引申义，如果只将其字面意义直译出来，就可能产生误译。
1. In a flash the evil intent of the vice-president to usurp power hit the president between the eyes.误译：一刹那间，副总统篡权的罪恶意图给总统当头一棒。
应译为：一刹那间，总统明白了副总统篡权的罪恶意图。
这里“to hit someone between the eyes”，为”to strike someone(metaphorically speaking)”,喻义为“使人忽然了解，使人猛然明白“。
而汉语中”给某人当头一棒“，去无此意。
2. The changes in the education system are a step in the right direction and will improve the teaching in our school.误译：教育体制改革朝着正确的方向迈进了一步，它将改进我们学校的教学。
应译为：教育体制改革是一个有效的措施，它将改进我们学校的教学。
这里“a step in the right direction”用来比喻”an action which helps toimprove a situation”，即“有效步骤或措施。
如果是将其直译，就没有反映出”有效“这个表达结果的含义。
3. This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it, the only law is the law of the jungle.误译：这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。
在有些地方，唯一的原则就是森林法则。
应译为：这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。
在有些地方，唯一的原则就是弱肉强食。
这里“the law of the jungle”引申为”principle for surviving in a violentand dangerous situation, no rules at all”,如译为“森林法则“，则含义不明。
”弱肉强食“才是准确、明了地传达了原文所要表达的意义。
4. When my ship comes in, I’ll take a trop to Casablanca.误译：当我的船进港时，我就要到卡萨布兰卡去。
应译为：当我发了财时，我就要到卡萨布兰卡去。
这里“when someone’s ship comes in”是个隐喻，指满载贵重货物的船到达港口，货主从而可获高额利润（往往表达期望）。
应译为“当某人变成富翁时或事业发达时"，汉语的“发财”恰好反映了这个含义。
5. They slip out one by one and I was left holding the baby.误译：他们一个个都跑掉了，剩下我来抱孩子。
应译为：他们一个个都跑掉了，剩下我来干这倒霉的差事。
这里“be left holding the baby”含义为”to find oneself responsible fordoing something which someone else has started and left unfinished”，与汉语中“接下烂摊子”意思一致，“剩下我来干这倒霉的差事”表达了这层含义。
二．有些英语惯用语在字面上同汉语表达相似，却貌合神离。
如果不求甚解，就会出错。
6. Mr. Nixon said, “we two countries have common interests over and above our differences.”误译：尼克松先生说：“我们两国具有远远高于我们分歧的共同利益。
“应译为：尼克松先生说：“我们两国除了有分歧，也有共同的利益。
“这里”over and above”没有“在……之上“的含义，其用法相当于”besides“.7. You don’t seem to come anywhere near to knowing the importance ofworking on the program, you’d better take your fingers out.误译：你看来一点也不了解这项计划的重要性，你干脆别再插手了。
应译为：你看来一点也不了解这项计划，你最好现在就动手。
这里“take one’s fingers out”似乎与汉语的“别再插手了”意思一样，其实它是叫人把手从口袋里拿出来，开始干活，因此，它所要表达的意义是“开始干”而不是“停止并退出”。
8. To my joy, my son knows a thing or two about Italian.误译：使我高兴的是，我儿子对意大利语也略知一二。
应译为：使我高兴的是，我儿子对意大利语还很精通哩。
“know a thing or two”其实是指“to have practical and useful informationgained from experience”，不是“略知一二”，而是“非常熟悉，了如指掌”。
9. His speech was given a warm reception by the crowd.误译：他的讲话受到了群众的热烈欢迎。
应译为：他的讲话受到群众的热烈反对。
“be given a warm reception”是句反语，含义为”be attacked violently inwords”。
如将其直译，这句话的意思就弄反了。
另一个习语”give somebody a warm time”，用法与此相同。
意为“make somebody embarrassed”。
10. When do you hope to start a family?误译：你希望什么时候成家呢？应译为：你希望什么时候生第一个孩子呢？“start a family”不是“成家“，而是”give birth to the first child”。
三．许多英语惯用表达中包含着固定搭配，如不认清这些特殊句型所表达的意义，极易出现误译。
11. It is a good athlete that never loses points.误译：从不丢分的运动员才是优秀的运动员。
应译为：再好的运动员也会丢分。
这里，“It is a adj.+n. that+否定句“是个习语中常出现的句型，应理解为”even if …+adj.，肯定句，即“再……的，也会……”。
而与此结构相似的强调句型中，一般没有形容词。
12. You are not going to marry her, and that’s final.误译：你不准同她结婚，那就算了。
应译为：你不许同她结婚，就这样完了。
“You are not going to +v.”意思为“禁止你……，不许你……”。
13. The visit can’t have left us a deeper impression.误译：这次访问根本不会给我留下较为深刻的印象。
应译为：这次访问给我们留下的印象最深刻不过了。
“can’t+形容词或副词比较级”，其实表达的是最高级的意义。
14. I can’t see you quickly enough.误译：我不可很快见到你。
应译为：我巴不得尽快与你见面。
“cannot+adj./adv.+enough”，意思是“越……越好。
而另一个与此相似的句型，”can’t+adj./adv.+enough”，意思为“非常……十分……” I can’t like the English teaching enough.译为“我非常喜欢教英语。
”15. No criticism will be too severe to be gratefully acknowledged.误译：没有一种批评会是尖锐得使人无法领谢的。
应译为：批评尽管尖锐，我们仍会衷心感谢。
这里“no+too…to”句型不同于一般”no…too”句型，”No…too”部分译为“尽管”，”to(be)”部分译为“也会，也将”。
四．些英语表达在特定的语境里，尤其在口语中，有特定的含义，翻译这些表达时，应该将其包含的语气译出。
16. They had a good laugh at my expense. How do you like that!误译：他们大大地把我取笑了一番。
你觉得他们做得对吗？应译为：他们大大地把我取笑了一番。
你说气不气人！这里“How do you like that!”请注意后面的感叹号，极易与How do you like that?Perfect.“你觉得怎么样？棒极了。
”中的问好混淆。
17.—“In the face of all this they actually stood up by and did nothing.”---“You don’t say so!”误译：“面对这一切，他们竟然袖手旁观，什么都不做。
“你不要这样说！“应译为：“面对这一切，他们竟然袖手旁观，什么都不做。
““竟有这样的事！““You don’t say so!”用来表示“在所说某事之后，感到非常惊奇“，可译为”竟有这样的事！“或”我没听错吧！“18. ---“You accepted her offer, didn’t you ?”----“No fear!”误译：――你接受了她的建议，是吗？――不用怕，我当然接受了。
应译为：你接受了他的建议，是吗？不会的。
“No fear!”表示“不会的“，”肯定没有这种可能性。
“19. I’ll be blessed if I do it!!误译：如果我干这种事，我就太有福了！应译为：如果我干这事，我就没有好下场！这里be blessed是赌咒的话，”I’ll be hanged if…”20. No, I won’t lend you the money, you’ve had it!误译：不，我不会把钱借给你的，你已经借过钱了！应译为：不，我不会把钱借给你了，你别指望了！“You’ve had it!”意为”It’s no use hoping.”。