2020年英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(1)
2020年9月六级第一套仔细阅读详解
2020年9月六级第一套仔细阅读详解摘要：一、引言二、2020 年9 月六级第一套仔细阅读题目概述三、题目一解析1.题目背景2.解题思路3.答案及解析四、题目二解析1.题目背景2.解题思路3.答案及解析五、题目三解析1.题目背景2.解题思路3.答案及解析六、题目四解析1.题目背景2.解题思路3.答案及解析七、总结一、引言随着我国英语教育水平的不断提高，越来越多的人开始关注英语四六级考试。
本文将对2020 年9 月六级第一套仔细阅读进行详细解析，帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这套题目。
二、2020 年9 月六级第一套仔细阅读题目概述2020 年9 月六级第一套仔细阅读共包括四篇文章，涉及科技、教育、文化等多个领域。
题目类型包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。
要求考生在规定时间内，根据文章内容回答问题。
三、题目一解析1.题目背景第一篇文章讲述了无人驾驶汽车的发展现状及未来趋势。
文章指出，无人驾驶汽车已成为科技发展的重要方向，各国企业和政府纷纷投入巨资研发相关技术。
2.解题思路针对第一篇文章，我们可以通过以下几点来解题：- 找出文章的主题句，了解文章大意。
- 分析每个段落的主要内容，理清文章结构。
- 根据问题，定位到文章相关部分，寻找答案。
3.答案及解析(1) 问题一：根据文章，无人驾驶汽车发展的主要驱动因素是什么？答案：无人驾驶汽车的发展主要受到科技发展、政府政策和企业投资的驱(2) 问题二：请简要概括无人驾驶汽车的发展现状。
答案：无人驾驶汽车已在部分地区进行试点，取得了一定的成效，但仍面临技术、安全、法规等多方面的挑战。
四、题目二解析(1) 题目背景第二篇文章讨论了在线教育对于传统教育的影响及挑战。
文章指出，在线教育为学习者提供了便利，但同时也给教育质量和教育资源分配带来了新的问题。
(2) 解题思路针对第二篇文章，我们可以通过以下几点来解题：- 找出文章的主题句，了解文章大意。
- 分析每个段落的主要内容，理清文章结构。
2020年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案
2020年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案2020年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案第一套：第二套第三套选词填空As it is，sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge on Plus， we live in a culture that（36） to the late neighter， from 24 hour grocery store to ? shopping site that never close。
It’s no surprise，then， that more than half of American adults get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as （37）by sleep experts。
Whether or not we can catch up on sleep on the weekend，say- is a hotly （38） among sleep researchers。
The latest evidence suggests that while it isn’t （39）， it might ? when Liu， the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine， brought （40） sleep-rest people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they lagged about 10 hours per night。
showed （41）in the ability of insulin（胰岛素）to process blood sugar。
That suggests up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep （42） causes， which is encouraging ? given how many adults don’t get the hours they need each night。
2020年大学英语六级阅读理解试题及答案(卷一)
2020年大学英语六级阅读理解试题及答案（卷一）A great deal ofattention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the divisionof the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that dividedoes exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces thatwork against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic。
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in theinterest of business to universalize access—after all, the morepeople online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spreadInternet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people onthe planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digitaldivide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very goodnews because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combatingworld poverty that we've ever had。
2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套)
2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套) 2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
第一套：C 46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.I 47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.E48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.K49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected.G 50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.A 51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.G 52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources but in their applications.J 53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.D 54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.B 55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.第二套：CLGPH DJBFO第三套：46．Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.答案：H47．First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.答案：C48．The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low.答案：B49．Some top institutions like Yale seem to providefirst-generation students with more support than theyactually need.答案：N50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.答案：A51．Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first generation students.答案：J52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don’t know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.答案：G53．Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students’ self-confidence.答案：O54. I’m First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.答案：D55. Elite universities distributes information to help first-generation students at a higher rate.答案：M相关推荐：2020年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语四级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语六级成绩查询专题2020年12月英语四级成绩查询专题。
20207月英语六级真题及答案
2020年7月英语六级真题及参考答案【完整版】作文第一套Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Beauty of the soul is the essential beauty. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考译文：In this rapidly developing society，what we persue has never been more abundant than ever before. We care about the food safety，the money we can earn，the health of the people around us and the apperence of us，namely beauty. Talking about beauty，ideas may differ from person to person. Among all the elements of beauty that modern people attach importance to，I reckon that beauty of the soul is the essential beauty.Looking around，we may find many facts which can relect the value in the saying. Take Lihong as an example，she is not the traditionally typical youngster who would be considered beautiful. However，she keeps doing good routinely and insists in helping those in need. When mentioned，Lihong is always the exemplary model praised by everybody. To many acquaintances of hers，they think she is one of the most beautiful girls they' ve ever met. In the case of Lihong，beauty of the soul is more essentially valued than that of her appearence.To conclude，it is not the fashionable hairstyle，not the ex- pensive clothes we wear，but beauty of our soul that deter- mines how people see us. This reminds us agian of the value that beauty of the soul is the essential beauty.选词填空第一套26.L. realms27.C.heavily28.H. mastering29.B. fatigue30.E. hospitalized31.J. obsessed32.F. labeled33.N. ruin34.K. potential35.A. contrary信息匹配第一套How Telemedicine Is Transforming Healthcare36.D段落第一句None of this is to say that telemedicine37.H段落第一句Many health plans and employers have rushed38.E段落第一句What’smore，foralltherapidgrowth39.B段落第一句Doctors are Linking up with40.K段落第一句Who pays for the services?41.0段落第一句Todate，17stateshavejoined pass42.G段落第一句Do patients trade quality for convenience?43.F段落第一句Some critics also question whether44.1段落第一句But critics worry that such45.N段落第一句Is the state-by-state regulatory system仔细阅读第一套46-50 (Sleeplessness)46.C They are deeply impressed by Danielle Steel’s dailywork schedule.47.A She could serve as an example of industriousness.48. A They are questionable.49.C It may symbolise one's importance and success.50.BThe general public should not be encouragedto follow it.51-55 (Organic farming)51.B Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.52. D It is not that productive.53. C Inequality in food distribution.54. B It is not conducive to sustainable development.55. D (Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosys-tem.翻译第一套《水浒传》(WaterMargin)是中国文学四大经典小说之一。
2020年12月英语六级答案(卷一完整版)
2020年12月英语六级答案（卷一完整版）2020年12月英语六级答案（卷一完整版）考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
作文：2020年12月大学英语六级考试已经结束，今年四级作文题目之一“虽然有信息发达的信息技术，但是要获得有用的信息依然困难”。
关于科技类话题，2020年12月的六级作文考试也考过类似的题目，所以只要将历年真题复习好，相信大家对此话题应不会感到陌生。
都教授特此提供范文一篇，供大家参考学习。
参考范文：The picture vividly depicts that a group of people are holding a meeting in an office. They are facing a difficult problem that although they have lots of advanced information technology, they still fail to acquire useful information.In fact, the phenomenon conveyed in the picture does not surprise us, because as the science and technology develops, the topic concerning the side effects of technological advancement increasingly arouses people’s attention. Undoubtedly, the drawer of the picture aims at reminding us that advanced technology can not replace useful information, and in effect it is still difficult to get the useful information despite of information technology . What we should do is to be capable of telling the goof information from the bad. Put it another way, technology can only provides us a way to obtain the information, but to get theknowledge, we desired, we must pay out efforts instead ofover-depending on the technology.It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. But, while enjoying the convenience produced by tech, we should alert that there is no shortcut to helpful information ; we should bear in mind that advanced technology can not be the substitute of human endeavors in gettinguseful information . In addition, it is wise for human beings to learn how to obtain and distinguish the information they would like by themselves.听力：短对话答案1. B. The dressing makes themixed salad very inviting.2. B. He is opening a newconsulting firm.3. B. The man may find thesupplies in the cabinet.4. D. He has to use amagnifying glass to see clearly.5. C. Redecorating heroffice.6. A. Shortage of containerships.7. A. Acolleague.8. C. Hold the banquet at a differentplace.长对话答案ConversationOne9. D. He often goes backhome late for dinner.10. B. To discuss an urgentproblem.11. C. There is a sharpincrease in India's balance of payment deficit.ConversationTwo12. D. They have unrealisticexpectations about the other half.13. A. He is lucky to beable to do what he loves.14. B. It is allglamour.15. A.Amazed.短文答案Passage One16. B. Follow closely the fast development oftechnology.17. B. What type of personnel the team should becomposed of.18. D. A team manager should develop a certainset skills.Passage Two19. A. It is a program allowing people to shareinformation on the Web.20. B. He met with an entrepreneur named JimClark.21. B. They had confidence in his newideas.Passage Three22. A. Word-of-mouthadvertising.23. D. To build up theirreputation.24. D. By using the servicesof large advertising agencies.25. C. Pre-test alternative ads or commercialsin certain regions.短文听写答案26. eternal27. diminishing28. absolute29. succeed30. on a vast scale31. As regards32. used up33. disposing34. modification35. magnitude词汇理解：36. B. caters37. M. recommended38. D. debated39. F. ideal40. C. chronically41. G. improvements42. E. deprivation43. L. ready44. H. necessarily45. O. target长篇阅读Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easy being greenHow do we convince our inner caveman to be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists.A) The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious： our own behaviour. We getdistracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbor’s rip to India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioral economics may be able to do that for us.B) Despite mournful polar bears and carts showing carbon emissions soaring, mot people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.C) This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. “When we can’t actually remove the sou rce of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defense mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization World Wide Fund for Nature.D) Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. “We worry most about now because if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to be around in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York.If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks—and benefits—associated with issues that lie some way ahead.E) Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. “One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future,” he says. “This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years.”F) Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well be too late. And if we’re not going to make national decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.G) Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge：Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions—such as saving more in our pension plans—by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.H) Defaults are certainly part of the solution. Butsocial scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). ”We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change,” says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich. ”It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society.” In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.I) The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group. “Social norms are primitive and elemental,” says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence：The Psychology of Persuasion. “Birds f lock together, fish school together, cattle herd together … just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd.”J) These norms can take us beyond good intentions. Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangersbearing messages about saving energy were hung on people’s doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it wasthe one that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.K) Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usageon people’s bills.L) Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-destructive behaviour. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly (不经意地) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. “Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginalise it,for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent.”M) Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identity. Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action—much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and CommercialServices Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.N) Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if your get the psychology right—in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organising groups. “I think there must be something in it.” She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.O) Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies. “Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change … and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil societ y networks in the UK,” he says. The “Love Food, Haste Waste” campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network—the Women’s Institute. Londoner Rachel Talor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen. “It’s always more of an incentive if you’re doing it with other people,” she says. “It motivates you more if you know that you’ve got to provide feedback to a group.”P) The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment. In the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related behaviour. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists areregularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.46. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.47. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.48. It is the government’s responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.49. Politicians are beginning to realize the importance of enlisting psychologists’ help in fighting climate change.50. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.51. In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.52. One study shows that our neighbors’ actions are influential unchanging our behavior.53. Despite clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives.54.We would take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.55. Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in people’s behaviour.答案：CLGPH DJBFO仔细阅读：56-60.61. It has aroused public attention to safety issues.62. It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.63. To promote the space tourism industry.64. Suspend Virgin Galactic’s Lisence to take passengers into space.65. It is worth promoting despite the risks involved.翻译：在中国父母总是竭力协助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要的决定，而不管孩子要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为了孩子好。
“2020年12月份大学英语六级考试答案与解析
Part I WritingThe Way to SuccessAbraham Lincoln, a successful leader sparkling in American history, once put, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” Simple as his remark is, it subtly encapsulates a profound and enlightening notion that the path to success only lies under the feet of people who are well-prepared.Currently in this progressively competitive society, it is anything but uncommon for us to see people desperately in want of success. Taking a look around, not only can we easily find students staying up late with their homework, we can also notice that a multitude of clerks step into the mansion in the early morning, then go back home after overtime. However, success, as a matter of fact, only belongs to a few of them. For instance, there is no shortage of this kind of people—who participate in numerous interviews and get nothing but a rejection slip, then they start whining time after time, “why isn’t that me?”Just as an ancient Chinese proverb goes, “Sharp tools make good work.”Accumulation of ability and knowledge is the prerequisite of success, and once we are strong and powerful enough, the whole universe will come to assist us in chasing our dreams.The way to successSuccess, the one everyone desires, plays an essential role in our daily life, because it directly determines our daily behaviors. In other words, if there is no desire for success, there will be no individuals’ development and even no advance of our society. It is the aspiration of success that promotes our growth of our individuals and society. But throughout the whole human history, how to succeed is always the most concerned topic.Among all the factors of success, well preparation of knowledge, the basic requisition of success, should be placed on the first one. Without extensive and intensive knowledge, even if there are exterior opportunities to success, such as the parents’ assistance or friends’ recommendation, you will still never succeed, because you cannot qualify the job you have already had. The more preparation you do in advance, the more likely you will get success. As Lincoln has said, if I had six hours to chop down a tree, I would spend the first four hours sharpening the axe.Besides the well preparation of knowledge, the preparation of confidence and interpersonal skills is also indispensable on the way to success.[快速阅读]Google's plan for world's biggest online library: philanthropy or act of piracy?[1] Google has already scanned 10 million books in its bid to digitise thecontents of the world's major libraries, but a copyright battle now threatens the project, with Amazon and Microsoft joining authors and publishers opposed to the scheme.[2] In recent years the world's most venerable libraries have played hostto some incongruous visitors. In dusty nooks and far-flung stacks, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been beavering away to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe – including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.[3] Why is Google undertaking such a venture, so seemingly out-of-kilterwith its snazzy, hi-tech image? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? 1.The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to"organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. Like the Ancient Egyptians who attempted to builda library at Alexandria containing all the known world's scrolls, Googleexecutives talk of constructing a universal online archive, a treasure trove of knowledge that will be freely available – or at least freely searchable – for all.[4] The company likes to present itself as having lofty, utopian aspirations."This really isn't about making money" is a mantra. "We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "2.By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of humanknowledge."[5] Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, offers an analogy withthe invention of the Gutenberg press – Google's book project, he says, will have a similar democratising effect. He talks of people in far-flung parts being able to access knowledge as never before, of search queries leading them to the one, long out-of-print book they need.[6] And he does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily aphilanthropic exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google,"he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."[7] It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along bytheir missionary zeal. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodiesrepresenting authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.[8] First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility fordigitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. 3.In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all –only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.[9] The second, related criticism is that Google's scanning of books isactually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Bleak House look straightforward.[10] 4.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. Theinconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright.Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and last century saw more books published than in allprevious centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in USlibraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.[11] Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out ofcopyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).[12] But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright andout-of-copyright works. 5.In its defence, Google points out that it displays only snippets of books that are in copyright – arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy.[13] "The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can becopied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask."[14] 6.In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of USpublishers and publishers, launched a class action suit against Google that, after more than two years of wrangling, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are staggeringly complicated – the text alone runs to 385 pages – and trying to summarise it is no easy task."Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Blofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.[15] Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to reimburse authorsand publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.[16] The settlement stipulates that a body known as the Books Rights Registrywill represent the interests of US copyright holders. Authors andpublishers with a copyright interest in a book scanned by Google who make themselves known to the registry will be entitled to receive a payment – in the region of $60 per book – as compensation.[17] Additionally, the settlement hands Google the power – but only with theagreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. 7.It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's mostcontroversial aspect.[18] Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commerciallyexploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "8.Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out JamesGrimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.[19]9.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works,where there is no known copyright holder– these make up an estimated 5% to 10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work,commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in itssubscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.[20] "The deal has in effect handed Google a swath of intellectual copyright.It is a mammoth potential bookselling market," says Blofeld. He adds it is no surprise that Amazon, which currently controls 90% of the digital books market, is becoming worried.[21] But Dan Clancy of Google dismisses the idea that, by gaining control overout-of-print and orphan works, Google is securing for itself a significant future revenue stream. He points out that out-of-print books represent only a tiny fraction of the books market – between 1% and 2%. "This idea that we are gaining access to a vast market here – I really don't think that is true.[22] James Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild,broadly agrees. He says that, although Google's initial scanning of in-copyright books made him uncomfortable, the settlement itself is a fair deal for authors.[23] "The thing that needs to be emphasised is that this so-called market overwhich Google is being given dominance – the market in out-of-print books – doesn't currently exist. That's why they're out of print. In real life,I can't see what the damage is – it's only good."[24] It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted – it isthe subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this – and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.[25] Over the coming months, we will hear a lot more about the Googlesettlement and its ramifications. Although it's a subject that may seem obscure and specialised, it concerns one of the biggest issues affectingpublishing and, indeed, other creative industries – the control of digital rights.[26] No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual propertyit has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself.10.But what is certain is that, in some way or another, Google's entranceinto digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come.题目：1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____A. to save out-of-print books in libraries.B. to serve the interest of the general publicC. to encourage reading around the worldD. to promote its core business of searching【解析】该题问的是Google所声称的自己图书馆计划的目的。
2020年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案(1)
2020年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案2020年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections： In this section, there is a short passagewith 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it'ssurprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios：It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream： "No! It's done!" What do you do?The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to citeoptions and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or aboutthe designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far.Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibitingfurther ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions.Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations.47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________.48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________.49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution.50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important toset up a system for stories to __________.51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?"situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid__________.参考答案47. what is in your boss's mind48. challenging our boss's anthority49. possible consequences50. be proposed and reviewed51. feeling uneasy about the confrontationsSection BDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question： are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yetthe consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices ofeverything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So whyis there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on,consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businessesin California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but howmany consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer mostfrom the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的)burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding： that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected – say, low-skilled workers, or California residents – the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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2020年英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(1)Paper--More than Meets the EyeA) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very smallnutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid isparticularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will。