2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读模拟题(一)
2019年12月六级真题(第1套)及答案
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 nunutes to write an essay on the importance of havinga sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best ansyveifrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B)It sponsors major jazz concerts.C)It has several branches in London.D)It displays albums by new music talents.2.A) It originated with cowboys.B)Its market has now shiunk.C)Its listeners are mostly young people.D)It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3.A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B)It is still going through experimentation.C)It is frequently accompanied by singing.D)Its style has remained largely unchanged.4.A) Learn to play them.B)Take music lessons.C)Listen to them yourself.D)Consult jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have Just heard.5.A) She paid her mortgage.B)She called on the man.C)She made a business plan.D)She went to the bank.6.A) Her previous debt hadn*t been cleared yet.B)Her credit history was considered poor.C)She had apparently asked for too much.D)She didn't pay her mortgage in time.7.A) Pay a debt long overdue.B)Buy a piece of property.C)Start her own business.D)Check her credit history.8.A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.B)Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C)Build up her own finances step by step.D)Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you wilt hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. ^4fter youhear a question, you must choose the best answer frojn the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). Then mark the coiresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B)It is well located and completely automated.C)It is small and unconventional.D)It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B)Their desire to improve farming equipment.C)Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D)Their wish to set a new farming standard.11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B)It needs little maintenance.C)It causes hardly any pollution.D)It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B)It has started to expand business outside the UK.C)It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D)It has joined hands with Sainsbury's to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B)It was a pleasant surprise.C)It hurt his throat lightly.D)It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B)They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C)They contain more protein than conventional meats.D)They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B)It is a promising industry.C)It requires new technology.D)It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answerfiom the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) To categorize different types of learners.B)To find out what students prefer to learn.C)To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D)To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17.A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C)It was original in design.D)It was thought-provoking.18.A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B)Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C)Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D)Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have Just heard.19.A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B)Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C)Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D)Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20.A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B)The balance of power in the workplace would change.C)Technological advances would create many new jobs.D)Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.21.A) Loss of workers, personal dignity.B)Depnvation of workers, creathity.C)Deterioration of workers' mental health.D)Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have Just heard.22.A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B)It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C)It has become something of a joke among Germans.D)It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23.A) The city's airports are outdated.B)The city had just been reunified.C)The city wanted to boost its economy.D)The city wanted to attract more tourists.24.A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B)The construction firm breached the contract.C)Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D)Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25.A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C)Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D)Complaints by local residents increase.Part HI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the coiresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even withoutgadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends-unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants? phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own "beliefs and 32So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles (护柳)) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's fiiendliness.A)alleviateB)apparentlyC)arrogantD)associatedE) circumstancesF) competitiveG) concededH) consciousnessI)desiresJ)excluded K)featureL)lonely M) separateN) spectacularly O) warrantSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains infonnation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fi omwhich the infonnation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Ansyver the questions by marking the coiresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Why More Farmers Are Switching to Grass-Fed Meat and Diary[A]Though he didn't come from a fanning family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea ofliving off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Fanner and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B]Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery,an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass- fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir（发酵乳饮品）,on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn't going to suffice.[C]His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. TheAniburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D]All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight. Jospeh has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch upto 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated fromjumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland's natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.[E]Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and healthbenefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement, Grazing herds stimulate microbial（微生物的）activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F]In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of theinternational commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they'1。
19年12月大学英语六级考试真题1答案
19年12月大学英语六级考试真题1答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Amazing Adventure at the English Test!Hi everyone! Today I want to tell you about my incredible adventure at the English test. It was so much fun, and I can't wait to share all the exciting details with you!So, it all happened on a sunny day in December. I woke up early in the morning and had a delicious breakfast with my favorite cereal. I wore my lucky T-shirt and grabbed my backpack, which was filled with pencils, erasers, and a water bottle. I was ready to conquer the English test!When I arrived at the test center, I saw many other students waiting nervously. Some were whispering to each other, while others were reviewing their notes. I felt a little nervous too, but I reminded myself to stay calm and do my best.Finally, it was time to start the test. We entered the exam room one by one, and I found a comfortable seat at the front. The room was quiet, and I could hear the sound of pencilsscribbling on paper. I took a deep breath and began reading the first question.The first part of the test was listening. We listened to different conversations and answered questions about them. The conversations were about everyday topics like going shopping or planning a party. I listened carefully and tried my best to understand. It was a bit challenging, but I remembered to stay positive and focus.After the listening section, it was time for the reading part. We had to read passages and answer questions. The passages were about interesting topics like animals, sports, and famous people. I love animals, so I was excited to read about them. I read the passages carefully and answered the questions with confidence. Sometimes I had to guess the meaning of a word, but I used my imagination and tried to make sense of it.Next came the writing section. We had to write an essay about a given topic. The topic was "My Favorite Season." I love spring, so I wrote about all the beautiful flowers and the warm weather. I used my best handwriting and tried to remember all the grammar rules I learned in class. I finished just in time and felt proud of my essay.The last part of the test was the speaking section. We had to talk about a picture and answer questions. The picture showed a family having a picnic in the park. I talked about the delicious food, the sunny weather, and the fun games they were playing. I spoke confidently and smiled at the examiner. It was a lot of fun!Finally, the test was over. I handed in my paper and walked out of the exam room with a big smile on my face. I felt a sense of accomplishment and was proud of myself for completing the test.Now, I just have to wait for the results. No matter what the outcome is, I know I did my best. The English test was an amazing adventure, and I learned a lot from it. I learned that staying positive and being confident can help me overcome challenges. I also learned that preparation is key, and practicing English every day is important.I hope you enjoyed hearing about my adventure at the English test. Remember, no matter what challenges you face, always believe in yourself and give it your best shot. You can do anything you set your mind to!Take care and keep smiling!Your friend,[Your Name]P.S. Wish me luck for the test results!篇2My Big Sister Took a Really Hard English TestHi friends! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. My big sister Jane is in college and she just took this really really hard English test called the CET-6. It's a big important test that lots of college students in China have to take. Jane studied super duper hard for months to get ready!After the test was over, I asked Jane to tell me all about it. She said the first section was listening comprehension. That means they played some audio recordings and lectures and she had to answer questions about what she heard. Jane said some of the recordings were easy but others were really difficult, especially the lectures from university professors talking about complicated science topics. She had to listen very carefully and take good notes.Then there was a section all about reading comprehension. Jane had to read a bunch of different passages and answer questions on the main ideas, details, vocabulary in context, andmaking inferences. Some of the passages were sort of boring academic articles, but others were more fun and interesting like magazine articles, advertisements, and excerpts from books. To do well, Jane had to read each one slowly and thoroughly.After the reading part, there was a writing section where Jane had to write a short essay responding to a prompt. The prompt asked her opinion about whether schools should require students to do community service. Jane said she argued that community service is a great experience that teaches important values like helping others and being a good citizen. She had to plan her essay carefully, come up with clear main points, give good examples and explanations, and make sure her writing was well-organized.The last section Jane told me about was the translation part. She had to translate a few passages from English into Chinese, and also from Chinese back into English. Translating is super hard because you have to really understand every word and phrase in both languages. You can't just translate thingsword-for-word. Jane practiced translating a whole lot to get ready for this section.When Jane finished telling me all the details, I asked her if she thought she did well on the test. She said she felt prettygood about it and was cautiously optimistic about getting a high score. I could tell Jane worked incredibly hard to prepare. No matter what her final score ends up being, I'm really proud of my big sister for her perseverance and dedication!Well that's all about Jane's big important CET-6 test. It definitely seemed crazy difficult to me. I'm just a little kid still learning basic English vocabulary and grammar rules. Tests like the CET-6 make me realize how amazing it is that people can get so incredible at a foreign language through hard work and practice. I've got many years of studying ahead of me if I want to get that good at English someday!Thanks for reading my story about my sister's experience with the CET-6 exam. I know it's not a perfect or complete explanation, since I'm just an 8-year-old kid after all. But I did my best to describe what Jane went through as clearly as I could. Hopefully you found my perspective kind of fun and unique! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇3My Big Adventure at the Science MuseumHiya! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. I just had the coolest adventure ever at the science museum last weekend and I can't wait to tell you all about it!It was a sunny Saturday morning and my mom said we were going on a surprise trip. I really hoped it would be somewhere fun like the zoo or an amusement park. When we pulled up to the huge science museum building though, I have to admit I wasn't that excited at first. A museum sounded kind of boring to me. But boy was I wrong!The first exhibit we went to was all about dinosaurs. There were these massively huge skeleton models of different dinosaurs towering above us. The T-Rex was easily as big as a bus! I learned that dinosaurs actually had feathers like birds and weren't all green and scaly like in the movies. Who knew? There were interactive displays where you could put on a virtual reality headset and see what the world looked like back when dinosaurs roamed the Earth. It was SO COOL!Next up was the outer space section and this was probably my favorite part. They had real rockets and spacesuits that actual astronauts had worn! There were model planets and moons that you could spin around to see the different surfaces. But the absolute best thing was the virtual reality simulation where yougot to experience walking on the moon. The ground felt all spongy and bouncy because there's less gravity on the moon. I even got to drive a cool moon rover vehicle!After that, we went upstairs to an area about the human body. This one was pretty wild and maybe a little gross in parts! There were see-through models showing all the organs and bones and muscles inside us. You could walk through a gigantic mouth model with huge teeth all around you. They even had some preserved animal organs you could touch (don't worry, they were just for display and weren't used for medical purposes!). My favorite was the giant walk-through brain model that let you see all the different sections and what they control.We took a break for lunch at the museum's cafeteria. They had standard kid foods like chicken nuggets and pizza but they also had some wacky experimental concoctions that looked interesting albeit a bit suspicious! The "Glowing Green Goo Smoothie" didn't seem too appealing but maybe I'll be brave enough to try it next time.After refueling, we headed to the technology and innovation wing. This part was mind-blowing! There were 3D printers making all kinds of crazy objects, from toy robots to smartphone cases. You could tinker with little coding games and build simplemachines using Lego-type bricks. One of the highlights was getting to control arealrobotarm to pick up and move things around. Who knows, maybe I'll grow up to be an engineer or programmer after seeing all that neat stuff!As if that wasn't enough excitement for one day, the final section was all about weather and the environment. They had an indoor hurricane simulator where you could crank up the winds and rain to see what it feels like in a tropical storm. Maybe not something I'd want to experience for real! There were also a bunch of interactive games teaching about renewable energy, climate change, and how to reduce your carbon footprint.The absolute coolest part though was the museumplanetarium. We went into this domed theater and the whole ceiling lit up with stars, planets, nebulas, and galaxies. The narrator talked about all the different constellations and how ancient cultures saw different shapes in the stars. We even got to see what the night sky would look like from other planets in our solar system. I could have stayed in that room all day just staring up in awe.By the time we left, my brain felt like it was going to explode from learning so many new things! I had no idea museums could be so awesome and hands-on. Our trip to the science museumwas definitely one of the funnest, most amazing days ever. I'm already bugging my parents about when we can go back because there's still so much more I want to see and do there. If you ever get a chance to visit, you've just GOT to go!篇4我参加的英语六级考试大家好！我是小明，一个正在上小学的孩子。
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题与答案 一
2019年12月大学英语六级考试CET6真题与答案解析（卷一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡListening comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in LondonD) It displays albums by new music talents.2. A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4. A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A)Her previous debt hadn't been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C)She had apparently asked for too much.D)She didn't pay her mortgage in time.7. A)Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C)Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A)It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10. A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard.11. A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C)It causes hardly any pollution.D)It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expanding business outside the UK.C)It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D)It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13. A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14. A)They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15. A)It is environmentally friendly.B)It is a promising industry.C) It requires new technology.D)It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C)To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D)To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17. A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C)It was original in design.D)It was thought-provoking.18. A)Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C)Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D)Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A)Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D)Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have house of their own.21. A) Loss of workers’ personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity.C) Deterioration of workers' mental health.D)Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A)It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D)It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23. A) The city’s airports are outdated.B)The city had just been reunified.C)The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24. A)The municipal government kept changing hands.B)The construction firm breached the contract.C)Shortage of funding delayed is construction.D)Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25 A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B) All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C)Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D)Complaints by local residents increase.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliance what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researcher phones, the participants’ phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 ”. So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(护栅) that up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a cars’ friendliness.A) alleviateB) apparentlyC) arrogantD) associatedE) circumstancesF) competitiveG) concededH) consciousness I) desiresJ) excluded K) featureL) lonelyM) separate N) spectacularly O) warrantSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn't come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like the Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir(发酵乳饮品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice.[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight, Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy fanners have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland' s naturalseed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats. (F] In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, it's just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he's received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he'll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic(整体的）management to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[I] Though advocates portray grass-fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do havedownsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC' s most successful product-the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar-Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison(北美野牛）raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it. We're bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains. 36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch tograss-fed.38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43. Grass-fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison meat was scarce. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside—at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados—appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because theirfamilies can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But £3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over £30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice: and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46.What does the author say best schools should do?A)Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B)Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C)Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D)Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47.What does the author think about school field trips?A)They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C)They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D)They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A)Events aiming to improve community services.B)Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.C)Events that require mutual understanding.D)Activities involving all students on campus.49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A)They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.B)They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C)They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.50. What is the author's expectation of schools?A)Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B)Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C)Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D)Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的)waters around the Antarctic could see King penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: “If there' re no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic.Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: "Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins—1.1 million breeding pairs-will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100." King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front-an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life—is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as this distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said: “The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C)The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D)The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52.What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53.What does the passage say about king penguins?A)They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B)Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C)They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar FrontD)The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54.What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A)Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.B)Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C)Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.D)Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55.What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguins.D) Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.梅花位居中国十大名花之首,源于中国南方,已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。
2019年12月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题(1)
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2019年12月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题9篇10 Ways Obama Could Fight Climate Change[A] One of the biggest surprises of President Barack Obama's inauguraladdress,on Monday was how much he focused on fighting climate change, spendingmore time on that issue than any other. "We will respond to the threat ofclimate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children andfuture generations," Obama said. The President pointed out that recent severeweather supplied an urgent impetus for energy innovation and staked the nation'seconomic future on responding to a changing climate. "We cannot cede to othernations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries--we mustclaim its promise," Obama said. '" That's how we will maintain our economicvitality and our national treasure--our forests and waterways;our croplands andsnowcapped (山顶积雪的) peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded toour care by God. " so what could the President reasonably do to deliver on thatvow Here are ten of their suggestions:Sunset coal with new incentives and regulations.[B] "Provide incentives to phase out the oldest, most polluting powerplants," said Robert Jackson, a climate scientist at Duke University. It'salready happening, to some degree, as more of the nation transitions to naturalgas. Earth scientist Bill Chameides, dean of Duke's Nicholas School of theEnvironment and a former chief scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund,urges the administration to use its Clean, Air Act authority to promulgate (颁布)carbon regulations for existing power plants like it has for new ones: "Doingthat will force fuel switching from coal to natural gas. "Invest federalstimulus money in nuclear power.[C] It's hardly a perfect fuel, as accidents like Japan's Fukushima fallouthave shown, but with safety precautions new nuclear plants can meaningfullyoffset dirtier types of energy, supporters say."Nuclear is the only short-tomedium-term way to really get away from fossil fuels," said Peter Raven.President emeritus of the Missouri Botanical Garden. He said the damage done byrelentless global warming will far exceed the damage done by faults in thenuclear system.Kill the Keystone pipeline.[D] The controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline is up for review again bythe White House this year. "The font thing he should do to set the tone to alower carbon economy is to reject the Keystone pipeline, “said Raymond PierrehumBert, a geophysical scientist at the University of Chicago. The pipeline wasnever going to be a major driver of global emissions, but Pierre humbert andsome other environmentalists say that by killing it the President would send aclear message about America's intent to ramp down fossil fuels.Protect the oceans by executive order.[E] Land use is complicated, but large swaths of oceans can be protected byexecutive order. Just as President George W. Bush designated the world's largestmarine monument northwest of Hawaii in 2006. Obama could single-handedly protectother areas. National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Sylvia Earle said thePresident should focus on parts of the Arctic that are under U. S. control,putting them off limits to energy production, commercial fishing, and mineralexploration. Marine sanctuaries (禁捕区) won't stop climate change, but they cangive marine species a better chance of adapting to it by reducing the otherman-made threats the animals face.Experiment with capturing carbon.[F] Huge untapped reserves of natural gas and oil make it unlikely that theU. S. will transition away from fossil fuels in the immediate future. Instead,said Wallace Broecker, geology professor at Columbia University's Lamont-DohertyEarth Observatory, we should attack the atmosphere's carbon surplus directly."Obama could make available funds to build and test prototype air capture units"to capture and store CO2, said Broecker. Removing some carbon from theatmosphere could buy valuable time as policy makers and scientists explore morepermanent solutions.Grow government research for new energy sources.[G] The Department of Energy has a nimble program that's tasked withinnovative energy research—the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. TheARPA-E funds research in biofuels, transmission,and batterystorage, with anannual budget of $ 275 million. Last year, DOE officials requested at least $ 75million more. Increasing funding for ARPA-E, said Rare Pomerance, former deputyassistant secretary of state for environment and development and currently anenvironmental consultant, "you get new technologies that undercut coal, oil, andgas. " Plus, he said, yon get a competitive advantage if American researchersuncover the next big idea in new energy.T ax carbon.[H] Congress would have to agree, but many climate experts say that themost meaningful way to tackle emissions is to set a price on carbon. "We shouldbe asking people to pay the cost of putting carbon into the atmosphere as theybuy the fuel," said Josh Willis, climate scientist and oceanographer at NASA'sJet Propulsion Laboratory. To gain political support for the idea, Obama wouldprobably have to show that the tax wonld help accelerate technology, grow newindustries, and pay down the deficit.Dial back the federal government's energy use.[I] With more than I. 8 million employees, $ 500 billion in annualpurchasing power, and 500,000 buildings to operate, the federal government hasbeen a leader in reducing energy use since Obama signed a 2009 executive orderto cut waste. "I would urge him to keep using the power of government to promoteenergy conservation," said Syndonia Bret-Harte, an Arctic biologist who studiesclimate change at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.Build a scientific clearinghouse for climate information.[J] "I advocate for building a better information system on what ishappening and why," said Kevin Tren berth, head of the Climate Analysis Sectionat the U. S. National Center for Atmospheric Research. That involves compilingobservations related to climate change from around the worldand using the datato refine climate modeling. Think of it as a one-stop,user-friendly websitethat clearly demonstrates how weather data from around the globe are influencedby broader shifts in the planet's climate.Keep talking. Despite a consensus among top scientists, the world stillneeds some convincing on climate change.[K] A CNN poll last week found that just 49 percent of Americans agree thatglobal warming is real and is due to human activities. "The most important thingthe President can do is to build on his inaugural comments to heighten the senseof urgency about rapid climate destabilization and clarify its connection tovirtually every other issue on the national agenda," said David Orr,environmental studies professor at Oberlin College. That means using the bullyclergymen to show how a more volatile climate affects everything fromagriculture to transportation to 21st-century warfare.。
大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(1).doc
2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题（1）Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writera fact which can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he has ventured. His co-editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1930 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution.Since 1916 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he reached bedrock, Lindsay has maintained a consistent Marxist viewpointand it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that the historical novel is a form that has a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument (New Masses, January 1917), Lindsay first attempted toformulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the past: particularly in his trilogy in English novels1929, Lost Birthright, and Men of Forty-Eight (written in 1919, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe). Basically these works set out, with most success in the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsays words, for the true completion of the national destiny.Although the war years saw the virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of the 1910s, Lindsay himself carried on: delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Francos soldiers have been transferred rather crudely to the German troops. After the war Lindsay continued to write mainly about the presenttrying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as The British Way, and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1933, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply to resort to more and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-handed didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most elementarypolitical consciousness to his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: Everything must be different, I cant live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how? To his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesnt give him any explicit answer.1. According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as _____.[A]inventive [B]productive [C]reflective [D]inductive2. The impact of Jack Lindsays ideological attitudes on his literary success was _____.[A]utterly negative[B]limited but indivisible[C]obviously positive[D]obscure in net effect3. According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in______.[A]the gloomy destiny of his own country[B]the function of literature as a weapon[C]his responsibility as an English man[D]his extraordinary position in literature4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__________.[A]the war led to the ultimate union of all English authors[B]Jack Lindsay was less and less popular in England[C]Jack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairs[D]the radical writers were greatly influenced by the war5. According to the text, the speech at the end of the tex__________t.[A]demonstrates the authors own view of life[B]shows the popular view of Jack Lindsay[C]offers the authors opinion of Jack Lindsay[D]indicates Jack Lindsays change of attitude参考答案：B C B D D。
2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题（1）
2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题（1）2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题（1）It's Time to Pay Attention to SleepA．After being diagnosed with brain and lung cancer in 2011, Lynn Mitchell, 68, was averaging about an hour of solid sleep a night． Stressed about her treatments, she was paying for it in hours of lost sleep．B．The brain cancer was already affecting her mobility--Mitchell was often dizzy and would lose her balance--but the lack of sleep made things worse． Even walking became increasingly difficult．Exhausted in the mornings, she was practically incoherent (精神恍惚)． When her doctors recommend she see a sleep therapist, Mitchell was relieved at how benign it sounded in comparison to the chemotherapy (化学疗法)she had undergone and the gene therapy trial she was undergoing, which had side effects like nausea and fatigue．C．For about nine weeks, Mitchell worked with the sleep therapist to adjust her sleep habits． She went to bed only when she was extremely fired．She quit watching TV in bed．She stopped drinking caffeinated (含咖啡因的) coffee in the evening． She also learned breathing exercises to relax and help her fall asleep． It was all quite simple and common sense, and most importantly, noninvasive and didn't require taking any pills．D． "It's common knowledge that sleep is needed for day to day function," says Dr．David Rapoport, director of the Sleep Medicine Program at NYU School of Medicine． "What isn't common knowledge is that it really matters--it's not just cosmetic．" Rapoport has long seen people seek sleep therapybecause they're chronically fired or suffering from insomnia, but an increasing number of patients are being referred to his center for common diseases, disorders, and mental health．E．Researchers have known for some time that sleep is critical for weight maintenance and hormone balance． And too little sleep is linked to everything from diabetes (糖尿病) to heart disease to depression．Recently, mounting evidence indicates that sleep plays a role in nearly every aspect of health． Beyond chronic illnesses, a child's behavioral problems at school could be rooted in mild sleep apnea (呼吸暂停)． And studies have shown children with ADHD (注意力缺陷多动症) are more likely to get insufficient sleep． A recent study published in the journal SLEEP found a link between older men with poor sleep quality and cognitivedecline．Another study shows sleep is essential in early childhood for development, learning, and the formation and retention of memories．F．But to many of us, sleep is easily sacrificed, especially since lack of it isn't seen as life threatening．Over time, sleep deprivation can have serious consequences, but we mostly sacrifice a night of sleep here and there, and always say that we'll "catch up．" Luckily, it is possible to make up for sleep debt (though it can take a very long time), but most Americans are still chronically sleep deprived．G． While diet and exercise have been a part of public health messaging for decades, doctors and health advocates are now beginning to argue that getting quality sleep may be just as important for overall health． "Sleep is probably easier to change than diet or exercise," says Dr． Michael Grandner , a sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylvania． "It may alsogive you more of an immediate reward if it helps you get through your day．" Sleep experts claim that it is one of the top three, and sometimes the most, important lifestyle adjustments one can make, in addition to diet and exercise．And while there's more evidence linking diet and exercise as influential health factors, sleep is probably more important in terms of brain and hormonal function． "Among a small group of sleep researchers, it's always been said that eating, exercise, and sleep are the three pillars of health," says Dr． Rapoport．H． In our increasingly professional and digital lives, carving out time for sleep is not only increasingly difficult, but also more necessary．Using technology before bed stimulates us and interferes with our sleep, yet 95% of Americans use some type of electronics like a computer, TV,or cell phone at least a few nights a week within the hour before we go to bed, according to a 2011 National Sleep Foundation survey． "Many doctors, lawyers, and executives stay up late and get up early and bum the candle at both ends," says Dr． Richard Lang, chair of Preventative Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic． "Making sure they pay attention to sleep in the same way they pay attention to diet and exercise is crucial．"I．To some, sleep has become a powerful cure to mental health． Arianna Huffington, president and editor-in-chief of the Huffington Post Media Group, advocates that sleep is the secret to success, happiness, and peak performance． After passing out a few years ago from exhaustion and cracking a cheekbone against her desk, Huffington has become something of a sleep evangelist (传道者)．In a 2010 TED Women conference, Huffington said, "The way to a more productive,more inspired, more joyful life is getting enough sleep．" Research linking high-quality sleep with better mental health is growing; a 2013 study found that treating depressed patients for insomnia can double their likelihood of overcoming the disorder．J． While 70% of physicians agree that inadequate sleepis a major health problem, only 43% counsel their patients on the benefits of adequate sleep． But there's growing pressure on primary care physicians to address, and even prescribe, sleep during routine check-ups． In a recent study published in the journal The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, the researchers concluded that health professionals should prescribe sleep to prevent and treat metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes．K． On the other hand, overlooking sleep as a majorhealth issue can also have deadly consequences．It was recently reported that the operator of the Metro-North train that derailed in New York last year, killing four people and injuring more than 70, had an undiagnosed case of sleep apnea．L．Sleep therapies can range from simply learning new lifestyle behaviors to promote sleep, to figuring out how to position oneself in bed．More drastic measures involve surgery to open up an airway passage for people suffering from disorders like sleep apnea． Sleeping pills can be prescribed too, to get much needed rest, but sleep therapists tend to favor other approaches because of possible dependencies developing．M． A large part of reaping the benefits of sleep is known when you're not getting the right amount．According to a 2013 Gallup survey, 40% of Americans get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night． While the typical person still logsabout 6．8 hours of sleep per night, that's a drop from the 7．9 Americans were getting in the 1940s．N．When it comes to adequate sleep, it's much more personalized than previously thought． Some people feel great on five hours of rest, while others need ten． The best way to determine if you're getting the right amount, doctors say, is to find out how many hours of sleep you need to be able to wake up without an alarm and feel rested, refreshed, and energetic throughout the day．O．Since reforming her sleep habits, Mitchell has been clocking up to seven hours of shuteye a night for the past two months． "I'm alert in the morning, my balance is better, and I feel more energetic," says Mitchell． Getting enough sleep has helped her better deal with her cancers, and its symptoms． The best news is that she recently found out that her brain tumor is shrinking, and there are fewer cancerous spots on her lungs．46． According to Rapoport, people fail to fully realize the importance of sleep．47．The amount of time for an adequate sleep actually varies from person to person, and thus relies on personal judgment．48． The positive role of sleep therapy in treating depression indicates that sleep also contributes to mental health．49． Compared to the sleep therapy, the other therapies that Mitchell has to go through have some negative side effects．50． Now work and electronic products may play a role in depriving Americans of time for sleep．51． Mitchell has benefited much from sleep therapy in the fight against her brain and lung cancers．52． Among the various methods in sleep therapy, sleepingpills are usually the last choice by health professionals．53． It is recommended that physicians should adopt sleep as a way to prevent or treat some illnesses．54．It is now argued that high-quality sleep is no less important than diet and exercise in affecting health．55．Recent studies show that sleep is related to the behavioral problems of the kids and the cognitive abilities of the old．。
2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读练习题(1)
2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读练习题(1)Section BDirections： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Great Charter TryoutA． Long before Sci Academy, a charter school in New Orleans, had graduated its first senior class, the school was being heaped with accolades ( 称赞). In September 2010, when Sci Academy was just two years old, its 200 excited students--then all freshmen and sophomores--filed into Greater St. Stephen Baptist church, next door to the school. Together with local dignitaries ( 显要人物 ), journalists, and a brass band, the students watched on huge screens as the leaders of six charter schools from around the country appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show. At the end of the show, they watched as Oprah handed each charter-school leader—including Ben Marcovitz, Sci Academy's founder—a $1 million check.B． Sci Academy is a flagship charter school and a model of the new data-driven, business-infused approach to education that has won its worship in New Orleans. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, education reformers swept away what remained of the traditional public schools in what hadbeen one of the nation's lowest- performing districts. In their place, charters promised choice and increased accountability( 负责制 ). More than 75 percent of New Orleans kids landed in schools controlled by the so-called Recovery School District, which was heavily dominated by charter schools.C． "This transformation of the New Orleans educational system may turn out to be the most significant national development in education since desegregation," wrote Neerav Kingsland, the CEO of New Schools for New Orleans, the city's leading venture-philanthropy group incubating local charter schools, a year ago. "New Orleans students have access to educational opportunities that are far superior to any in recent memory."D． But eight years after Hurricane Katrina, there is evidence that the picture is far more complicated. Seventy- nine percent of RSD charters are still rated D or F by the Louisiana Department of Education. Sci is one of two RSD high schools to earn a B; there are no A-rated open-admission schools. In a school system with about 42,000 mostly poor African-American kids, every year thousands are out of school at any given time-- because they are on suspension, have dropped out, or are incarcerated. Even at successful schools, such as the highly regarded Sci Academy, large numbers of students never make it to graduation, and others are unlikely to make it through college.E． Figuring out what has taken place in the New Orleans schools is not just a matter of interest to local residents. From cities like New York to towns like Muskegon Heights,Michigan, market-style reforms have been widely considered as the answer to America's educational woes. New Orleans tellsus a lot about what these reforms look like in practice. And the current reality of the city's schools should be enough to give pause to even the most passionate charter supporters.F． With its chain-link fence and campus of module-like buildings--the result of a continuing post-Hurricane Katrina building shortage--Sci Academy doesn't look much like a model school. Freshmen, wearing the polo shirts and khakis of the school uniform, are required to walk along straight red lines that snake through the school's breezeways. Placards bearing slogans, such as "No Short Cuts; No Excuses" and "Go Aboveand Beyond," hang overhead.G． Everything at Sci Academy is carefully designed to maintain discipline and focus on the school's principal mission, which is to get every student into college. Each morning, at 8 a.m., the teachers, almost all white and intheir 20s, gather for a rousing thigh-slapping, hand-clapping, rap-chanting staff revival meeting, the beginning of whatwill be, for most, a 14- to 16-hour workday. Students arrivea half hour later, and if asked "Why are you here?" and "What will it take?" are expected to respond "To learn" followed by a recitation of the school's six core values： "achievement, respect, responsibility, perseverance, teamwork, and enthusiasm."H． Both curriculum and behavior are elaborately arranged. As kids file into class, a teacher hands them their "entry ticket," a survey that helps determine how much students retained from the previous class. An "exit ticket"distributed at the end of each class establishes how much kids have absorbed. Information from the exit tickets, as well as attendance, demerits for bad behavior, and "Sci bucks" for good behavior, are keyed into the Sci software system by teachers every night to help monitor both student and teacher performance.I． After the storm, the state fired the city's unionized teachers, who were mostly middle-aged African- Americans, an action that has been challenged in court. While a few schools have hired back teachers who worked in the pre-Katrina schools, the city now relies heavily on inexperienced educators--mostly young, white, and from out of town--who are willing, at least in the short run, to put in exhausting hours. But at many schools, including Sci Academy, plenty of teachers last for less than two years.J． In New Orleans, teachers with certifications from Teach for America number close to 400, five times the level a few years ago. Within the RSD, in 2011, 42 percent of teachers had less than three years of experience; 22 percent have spent just one year or less in the classroom, according to "The State of Public Education in New Orleans," a 2012 report by the pro-charter Cowen Institute at Tulane University.K． In part to help with this lack of experience, charter schools train teachers in highly regimented routines that help them keep control of their classrooms. The city's charter-school advocates argue that in the aftermath of the storm, when charter operators had to scale up quickly, they needed to start with basics： first order and security, thenskill building. "Kids expect high school to be dangerous. They come to school with their backs up," explains Sci Academy's Marcovitz, a graduate of the elite Maret school in Washington, D.C., and Yale University. He says the routines--which are borrowed from methods pioneered by KIPP, a national charter chain that also operates schools in New Orleans--are intended to keep students focused and feeling safe.L． In one English class last fall, a teacher who had been at Sci for about a year held forth on the fine points of grammar, including the subtle difference between modal and auxiliary verbs. As a few heads drifted downward, she employed a popular charter-school management routine to hold the class's attention. "SPARK check! " she called. The acronym stands for sit straight; pencil to paper (or place hands folded in front); ask and answer questions; respect; and keep tracking the speaker.M． "Heads up, sit straight--15 seconds to go," she said, trying to get her students' attention. "All scholars please raise your homework in THREE, TWO, ONE. We need to set a goal around homework completion. I only see about one third complete homework."N． It's a long way from the city's charter school roots. In the 1990s, the city's first charter school, New Orleans Charter Middle School, was built on a progressive curriculum that used experiential projects and electives, such asbicycle repair and African dance, to foster a love of learning. The school became the most highly rated nonselective school in the city before it was devastated during Hurricane Katrina. But while its founders went on tocreate FirstLine, now one of the leading charter operators in New Orleans, the progressive roots of the charter movement have been swamped by the new realities of a competitive charter marketplace.O． Now, driven by both government policy and charitable funding--which rewards schools for preparing students for college and penalizes those that don't--most charter high schools in New Orleans describe themselves as "college prep." This may seem an admirable goal. But in a school system where the number of eighth graders who passed the end-of-course tests required to get into high school has, according to the Cowen Institute, virtually stagnated at about 60 percent, the push toward college leaves behind many of the most disadvantaged kids, who already face enormous hurdles because of poverty, parental abandonment, and one of the highest rates of gun violence in the nation. For some of these students, college is not necessarily a realistic goal.46. Teachers in charter schools are trained in strict and rigid ways since most of them are inexperienced.47. Instead of carrying on its tradition of being advanced, New Orleans Charter Middle School has to follow market rules to survive and compete with other schools.48. Students in New Orleans have got the best education opportunity they have ever had in recent years.49. Many charter high schools in New Orleans are to help students enter college, which is supported by government policy and attracts funds.50. Traditional public schools have been completely reformed in areas with worst reputation on education quality in 2005.51. Even schools like Sci Academy cannot keep teachers for long.52. Several years ago, there were only about 80 teachers with qualified certifications in New Orleans.53.Even Sci Academy, which enjoys a high reputation, fails to help a lot of students graduate.54. Various information on students can be tracked down inSci Academy's computer systems to ensure the teaching quality.55. To solve the problem of American education, many people turn to the function of market as the key.。
2019英语六级考试阅读训练题(1)
2019英语六级考试阅读训练题（1）Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year. The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever toinhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprisingthat each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.1.Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?A.The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source.B.The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton.C.The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate.D.The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to a specific example.2.According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses?A.It is easier to cultivate.B.It produces more carbohydrates.C.It does not require soil.D.It is more palatable.3.Why does the author mention “planktonburgers”?A.To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.B.To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.C.To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.D.To compare the food values of beef and plankton.4.What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?A.They are the smallest marine animals.B.They are pink in color.C.They are similar in size to lobsters.D.They have grass like bodies.5.The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food source except that it is ___.A.high in food value.B.in abundant supply in the oceans.C.an appropriate food for other animals.D.free of chemicals and pollutants.答案：DBCBD。
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2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读模拟题(一)Passage OneWords： 1,036EarthquakesA) An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as “rock-solid” and completely stable. An earthquake can shatter (粉碎）that perception instantly, and often with extreme violence.B) Up until relatively recently, scientists only had unproven guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century. Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquake"s magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a way of predicting earthquakes, so they don’t catch people by surprise. In this article, we’ll find out what causes earthquakes, and we’ll also find out why they can have sucha devastating effect on us.C) An earthquake is a vibration(震动)that travels through the earth’s crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you feelyour house shaking as it goes by; but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affect a fairly large area, suchas an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes：volcanic eruptions, meteor(流星)impacts, underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example), collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine). But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are caused by movements of the earth’s plates.D) We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than 3 million earthquakes occur every year. That’s about 8,000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of these 3 million quakes are extremely weak. The law of probability also causes a good number of stronger quakes to happen in uninhabited places where no one feels them. It is the bigquakes that occur in highly populated areas that get our attention.E) Earthquakes have caused a great deal of property damage over the years, and they have claimed many lives. In the last hundred years alone, there have been more than 1.5 million earthquake-related fatalities. Usua lly, it’s not the shaking ground itself that claims lives; it’s the associated destruction of man-made structures and other natural disasters it causes, such as tsunamis, avalanches (雪崩)and landslides.F) The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology—the study of earthquakes—came in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theory of plate tectonics(筑造学).Scientists proposed the idea of plate tectonics to explain a number of peculiar phenomena on earth,such as the apparent movement of continents over time, the clustering of volcanic activity in certain areas and the presence of huge ridges at the bottom of the ocean.G) The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earth—the lithosphere—is comprised of many plates thatslide over the lubricating (润滑的)asthenosphere layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen.H) Plates can move apart. If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere. This magma (岩浆) comes out on the surface (mostly at the bottom of the ocean), where it is called lava (熔岩).As the lava cools, it hardens to form new lithosphere material, filling in the gap. This is called a divergent plate boundary.I) Plates can push together. If the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. This plate below sinks into the lower mantle layers, where it melts. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a position to push under the other, so they both push against each other to form mountains. Thelines where plates push toward each other are called convergent plate boundaries.J) Plates slide against each other. At other boundaries, plates simply slide by each other—one moves north and one moves south, for example. While the plates don’t drift directly into each other at these transform boundaries, they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary.K) We understand earthquakes a lot better than we did even 50 years ago, but we still can’t do much about them. They are caused by fundamental, powerful geological processes that are far beyond our control. These processes are also fairly unpredic table, so it’s not possible at this time to tell people exactly when an earthquake is going to occur. The first detected earthquake waves will tell us that more powerful vibrations are on their way, but this only gives us a few minutes’ warning, at most.L) So what can we do about earthquakes? The major advances over the past 50 years have been in preparedness, particularly in the field of construction engineering. In 1973, the Uniform Building Code, an international set of standards for building construction,7 added7 specifications7 to7 strengthen7 buildings7 against7 the7 force7 of7 earthquake7 waves.7 This7 includes7 strengthening7 support7 material7 as7 well7 as7 designing buildings so they are flexible enough to absorb vibrations without falling orde teriorating. It’s very important to design structures that can undergo this sort of attack, particularly in earthquake -prone areas.M) Another component of preparedness is educating the public. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and other government agencies have produced several brochures explaining the processes involved in an earthquake and giving instructions on how to prepare your house for a possible earthquake, as well as what to do when a quake hits.N) In the future, improvements in prediction and preparedness should further minimize the loss of life andproperty associated with earthquakes. But it will be a long time, if ever, before we’ll be ready for every substantial earthquake that might occur. Just like severe weather and disease, earthquakes are an unavoidable force generated by the powerful natural processes that shape our planet. All we can do is increase our understanding of the phenomenon and develop better ways to deal with it.1. Earthquake-related fatalities are usually caused by buildings，collapse and other ensuing natural disasters, not by the shaking ground itself.2. Besides movements of the earth’s plates, other forces such as volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts and so on, can also cause earthquakes.3. Earthquakes actually occur every day; most of them are not big enough to get our attention.4. People generally think the ground beneath their feetis completely stable, but earthquakes shatter that idea in no time.5. We cannot prevent earthquakes but we can actively find better ways to face them.6. Earthquakes are hardly predictable, and people cannot be told when an earthquake is going to occur.7. Scientists have found out forces that cause earthquakes through years of efforts.8. Architects now have designed flexible buildings to minimize the damages of earthquakes.9. Scientists use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the apparent movement of continents over time.10. The convergent plate boundaries refer to the lines where plates push toward each other.。