动词ing形式的用法80166讲课教案
高考英语复习动词-ing形式的用法课件
live a better life when you are old.
2. 动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型： 1) 做某事没有好处： _It_i_s_n_o__g_o_o_d__d_o_in__g_s_t_h_. 2) 做某事没有用处：
_I_t _is__n_o_u_s_e__/_u_s_e_l_e_s_s_d/oing sth.
动词-ing在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、 宾补和状语。
一. 动词-ing作主语 1. 请找出下列句子的主语。 1) Smoking does harm to our health. 2) Playing basketball is so interesting. 3) Working hard when you are young can help you
Grammar
The revision of v-ing
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考
，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能 不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是 本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的超实用新高考英语专题复习讲义希望可以帮 助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
动词ing的用法教案
动词ing的用法教案一、教学目标1、学生能够理解动词 ing 形式的构成规则。
2、学生能够掌握动词 ing 形式在不同语境中的用法，如作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
3、学生能够正确运用动词 ing 形式进行书面表达和口语交流，提高语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
二、教学重难点1、重点（1）动词 ing 形式作主语、宾语、定语和状语的用法。
（2）动词 ing 形式与动词不定式在用法上的区别。
2、难点（1）某些动词后接动词 ing 形式或动词不定式的不同用法。
（2）如何在复杂的句子中准确使用动词 ing 形式。
三、教学方法1、讲授法：讲解动词 ing 形式的构成规则和用法。
2、练习法：通过练习题巩固学生对动词 ing 形式的理解和运用。
3、情景教学法：创设真实的语言情景，让学生在实际情境中运用动词 ing 形式。
四、教学过程1、导入（5 分钟）通过展示一些包含动词 ing 形式的句子，如“Swimming is my favorite sport” “I enjoy reading books” 等，引导学生观察这些句子中动词 ing 形式的用法，激发学生的学习兴趣，从而引出本节课的主题——动词 ing 的用法。
2、知识讲解（20 分钟）（1）动词 ing 形式的构成一般在动词原形末尾加 ing，如：go going，read reading。
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加 ing，如：write writing，make making。
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 ing，如：run running，swim swimming。
（2）动词 ing 形式的用法作主语动词 ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：“Playing football is very interesting”作宾语有些动词后只能接动词 ing 形式作宾语，如：enjoy，finish，mind，practise 等。
ing的教案
ing的教案第一篇：ing的教案What are you doing教案Teaching Aims：1.To review the words and phrases “do the dishes;draw pictures;read a book;run;swim;”and their ing form.2.To learn the structures “what are you doing? I’m …….” And can use them to communicate with others.Teaching keys：1.To master the structure and answer it quickly.2.To understand the meaning of v-ing form.Teaching difficuties: 1.How to make students understand the meaning of v-ing and its use.2.How to read the v-ing form correctly.Teaching preparations: Courseware;word cards;Teaching procedures： 1.Greetings: T：Good afternoon, everybody.Ss: Good afternoon.T: OK.Before we begin our class, let me introduce myself.My family name is He.So, all of you can call me Miss He.OK? Ss: OK.T: Hello, everyone.Ss: Hello, Miss He.T: How are you today? Ss: Fine, thank you.And you? T: I’m fine, too.Thank you.2.Warm-up: a.First, sing a song that we have learned at previous lesson.Then, review what we have learned at previous lesson and ask some students to share their homework.T: OK.Now, let’s play a game, OK？Ss: OK.T: The name of the game is Carrot Down(萝卜蹲).Then, tell Ss the rules that they cannot call the same person for twice.(这个环节老师先做个示范，由于学生人数不是很多，所以游戏玩起来比较简单，萝卜蹲的规矩是蹲的那个人不能叫重复的名字以确保每个人都可以玩又能增进彼此间的交流。
七年级英语动词ing形式(动名词)的形式及用法人教版知识精讲
七年级英语动词ing形式（动名词）的形式及用法人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词ing形式（动名词）的形式及用法1. doing的形式：doing; being done2. doing做主语，表语和宾语。
3. doing与to do在动词后面做宾语的区别二. 知识总结归纳：（一）动词ing形式起名词作用，在语法中也称做动名词．在句中做主语，宾语，表语和定语。
它的基本形式有doing; being done。
例句：1. Parking is difficult in the shopping center of the city.2. My favorite job is teaching English.3. His main hobby is collecting stamps.4. Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.5. I suggest you should practise speaking English whenever you can.6. Hearing what I said, h e couldn’t help laughing.7. Did you see that car being repaired ?注：to do形式也可以做主语或表语。
一般情况下，这两种形式做主语或表语，差别不是很大。
但是如果刻意强调某个具体的动作，就用to do 形式，而要表示一般性或泛指的动作则用doing形式。
例如：1. It is difficult to park in the shopping center at the weekend.2. My duty is to take care of the baby while she is out.（二）在一些动词后面只能接动名词做宾语。
后面跟doing做宾语的常见动词有：admit; advise; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; deny; mention; mind; miss; prevent; delay; enjoy; escape; imagine; postpone; practise; risk; suggest;常见的动名词短语，如：be worth doing; c an’t help doing; look forward to doing; go on doing; insist on doing; prefer doing to doing; be busy doing; keep on doing; devote…to doing; spend…in doing; have difficulty in doing; have a good time doing; prevent…from doing1. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.2. He has devoted himself to protecting the wildlife.3. He is trying to avoid answering my question.4. The accused man denied ever having met her.5. He insisted on sending for doctor at once.6. The film is well worth seeing.7. You can’t imagine the difficulty we had making a little money.（三）doing形式的逻辑主语：当强调doing所表达的动作的执行者（逻辑主语）时，需要在doing前面加上物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词所有格或不定代词例句：1. I’m surprised at your/you doing it.2. She insisted on their both accepting the invitation.3. Do you mind my opening the window ?4. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.5. The children are looking forward to spring coming.6. He disapproved of that being said about Jane.7. Mr. Carson complained about Tom and Mary coming to class late.（四）doing与to do在动词后面做宾语的区别:remember/forget to do：记住/忘记了去做某事Don’t forget to do sth.=remember to do sth.regret to do: 遗憾地去做/说regret doing: 后悔做了某事mean to do= want to do mean doing 意味着做stop to do: 停下来去做stop doing 停止/不去做try to do: 试图/努力/企图去做try doing: 尝试用一种方法做go on to do 接着去做另一件事go on doing: 继续把事情做下去例句：1. Don’t forget to mail this letter tomorrow morning.2. I don’t remember having said anything of the sort.3. I regret to say that you have failed in the exam.4. He tried to walk without a crutch.5. He went on to tell us about the accident.【典型例题】一. 单项选择：1. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____ into buy something they don’t really need.A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded分析：题意为：进店购物，人们有时不得不被购买不想买的东西。
高中动词ing形式的被动语态教案
教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; 动名词定语、状语、宾/主语补足语现在分词注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种;二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行;1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事;Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事;Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害;The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果;2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;He was afraid of _________________ abandon by did it without ___________ ask You can’t eat anything before _____________operate onI remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲;What I hate most is ________________ laugh atThe problem is for from _______________ settle注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时,常用其一般式being done,不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时,若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生,可用其完成式having been done;如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会;②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时,其特点是只表被动,不表进行;③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时,有时可采用其复合结构形式,即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done;如：Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶;The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕;现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语,一般不作状语除个别情形例外；在句中既表被动又表进行.1、作宾补现在分词的被动式being done作宾补时,表示正在进行的被动的动作,常与感官动词连用;I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You’ll find the topic _______________ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ build注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式being done作定语时时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;The meeting ______________ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ operateon in the operating room.注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时,表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作;如：a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议②现在分词的被动完成式having been done 不能做定语和宾补;The building having been built last year ×The building built last year √We found him having been killed. ×We found him killed √考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后,我们又被带着参观了实验室;Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后,他们取消了这次旅;Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other. 因战争而分离多年后,他们都认不出对方了;Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了,那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做;注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构;The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.②在这种独立主格结构中,用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大;而为了简洁,习惯采用过去分词形式,如上面两句常表达成：The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时,都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系,区别不大,可以互换;但是在这种情况下,为了简洁,还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语;Asked=Having been asked to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的电影;Polluted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发或持续一段时间还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,但终归区别还是不大;Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;②在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义;His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语;如：We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析例题1题干_______ to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. 上海, 2002 A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposeD. After being exposed答案C解析本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C;例题2题干The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.答案being caught being left解析V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;例题3题干_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling答案A解析先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影,分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用基础1. ________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch答案：A C解析：1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前;2.被抓住,所以用动名词的一般被动式巩固1.________ many times, he finally understood it.B. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told2. Your car needs ____________fill. 你这车要充气This city deserves _____________visit. 这座城市值得光顾一下;The problem requires ___________ studycarefully.这个问题需要认真研究;The trees want ___________ water.这些树需要浇水了;答案：2．filling visiting studying watering解析：1尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;被告诉发生在犯错误之前2.在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;拔高1. __________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstood misunderstoodC. Having understoodD. Misunderstood2. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party. 2000, 上海A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invite3The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched 答案：解析：现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;课程小结1、V-ing的一般被动式being done可作主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语,一般不作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法,只表被动不表进行；作后置定语、宾/主补语时是现在分词的用法,既表被动又表进行;2、现在分词的被动完成式having been done,只表被动不表进行,可作宾语和状语,表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作;3、V-ing的一般被动式being done一般不用作状语,因为过去分词形式已经替代它作了状语;所以像这句话：Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见,习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据;课后作业基础请看下列句子,看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分;1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didn’t mind being left at home.3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away巩固将下列句子翻译成英语;1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑;2. 这问题远远没有解决;3. 没有谁请他做,是他自己做的;4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西;5. 既然已做出了决定,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划;拔高改错Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he wentill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.答案基础1主语2宾语3定语4状语5状语巩固1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.2. This question is far from being settled.3. He did it without being asked.4. You can’t eat anything before being operated on.5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a goodplan拔高.1. losing--- lost2. he walking3. having 删除4. having been trained5. walking。
动词ing形式备课讲稿
用法
例句
forget /remember / regret I forget mailing your letter.
+ V-ing(已做了)
我忘了已将你的信寄出了。
forget /remember / regret + to V (未做)
I forget to mail your letter.
动词(dòngcí)-ing形式在语态上可分为主动式和 被动式。
主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执 行者。被动式表示它的逻辑主语时-ing分词的 动作承受者。
第五页，共46页。
类别
及物
形式 主 动
一般式 doing
动词
不及物动词
被动 主 动
being done doing
完成式 having done having
第九页，共46页。
• 下列动词可以接动名词或不定式： • like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, stop, forget,
remember, try, intend(打算), prefer(较喜欢), can’t bear(无法忍受)等。
• 但有些词后面接动名词或不定式做宾语，表示(biǎoshì) 不同意义，如：
having done
been done
第六页，共46页。
• 4. -ing 分词的语法作用 • -ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当
于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句子中可以作为主语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。 • 1) -ing分词作主语和宾语： • 动词-ing形式(xíngshì)可以在句子中做主语或宾语，此 时也可称为动名词。如： • Collecting stamps is a good hobby. • He enjoys fishing.
动词ing形式ppt课件
留意：v-ing方式逻辑主语必需与句子 主语坚持一致。
True or False 1. Hearing the news, tears rolled down her cheeks. F
2. Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying. T
C. Watering D. watered
4. I found the girl ( D ) a novel in class.
A. read
B. to read
C. readed D. reading
5.( B ) is the key to success.
6. A. Work hard B. working hard
3. When she heard the news, tears rolled down her cheeks. T
exercise
1.Would you mind (B ) to the radio here?
Me to listen B. my listening C. Me listen D. I listening
7. C. worked hard D. working hardly
6. Seeing is ( B )
A. To believe B. believing
C. Believed
D. to be believed
本课要点
• 动词-ing的方式〔普通式，完成式， 自动，被动〕
• 动词-ing方式的用法〔作主语，表语， 宾语，定语，宾补，状语即非谓语〕
If you see from the hill, you can get the whole town. (条件〕
高中英语动词ing形式作表语定语宾语补足语和状语教案新人教版必修
高中英语动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语教案新人教版必修一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握动词ing形式在句子中的基本用法；2. 培养学生正确运用动词ing形式进行表达的能力；3. 提高学生对英语句子结构的认知水平。
二、教学重难点1. 动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的用法；2. 不同动词ing形式在句子中的功能和意义。
三、教学方法1. 情境教学法：通过设置各种生活场景，让学生在实际语境中学习动词ing形式；2. 任务型教学法：设计各种任务，让学生在完成任务的过程中运用动词ing形式；3. 交际教学法：鼓励学生进行小组合作，进行实际的语言交流。
四、教学内容1. 动词ing形式作表语：介绍动词ing形式表示主语的状态、特征、动作等；2. 动词ing形式作定语：讲解动词ing形式修饰名词的用法和意义；3. 动词ing形式作宾语补足语：分析动词ing形式在句子中作宾语补足语的用法；4. 动词ing形式作状语：讲解动词ing形式表示时间、原因、条件等状语的用法。
五、教学步骤1. 引入：通过展示图片或生活场景，引导学生关注动词ing形式；2. 讲解：讲解动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的用法；3. 练习：设计各种练习题，让学生巩固所学内容；4. 任务：布置实际任务，让学生在完成任务的过程中运用动词ing形式；5. 总结：对本节课的内容进行总结，强调重点和难点。
教学评价：通过课堂表现、练习完成情况和任务完成情况等多方面评价学生的学习效果。
六、教学活动1. 小组讨论：学生分小组讨论动词ing形式在不同句子中的用法，每组选取一个例句进行展示。
2. 角色扮演：学生分组进行角色扮演，运用动词ing形式进行对话。
七、拓展训练1. 语法填空：设计一段文本，中有多个空格，要求学生用动词ing形式填空。
2. 翻译练习：翻译一段中文句子，要求使用动词ing形式。
八、课堂小结1. 教师带领学生回顾本节课所学内容，总结动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的用法。
高中英语语法——动词ing形式的用法PPT课件
2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之 后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1）They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2）The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
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D. 意义各不相同 try to do (设法) mean to do (打算, 有意要做) try doing (试试) mean doing (意思是, 意味着) be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事 E. go on doing 继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。
没有比……更糟的 • There is/was no point doing 做……无意义
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Try to tell the meaning of each sentence. 1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 2)There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。
动词ing教案
统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案讲义编号： J H R 教务主任审核签字27. Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited28. English is a language ______ in many countries.A. spokenB. speakingC. be spokenD. to speak29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice.A. angrily, pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily, pointedD. and angrilypointing30. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of Tight.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed31. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given32. _____their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed33. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you?A. to clean, to doB. cleaning, doingC. cleaning, to doD. to be cleaned, doing34. Does your new secretary ____ short hand?A. know to takeB. know how to takeC. know how takeD. know how taking35. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.A. to tieB. tieC. tiedD. tying36. Would you please ______ write on the textbooks?A. don'tB. not toC. notD. to not37. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.A. rather not haveB. rather not to haveC. not rather hadD. rather not having38. Your mother and I are looking forward________ you.A. of seeingB. for seeingC. to seeD. to seeing39. The girl couldn't_____ how red his face was.A. help to noticeB. be helping to noticeC. be helping noticingD. help noticing40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. taken1~5 CDDAB6~10 BAACB11~15 BCADC16~20 BCCDB21~25 CDDAD 26~30 DAAAB 31~35 ABCBB 36~40 CADDD。
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动词i n g形式的用法80166动词ing形式的用法一)Ving形式作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：The man standing by the window is our teacher.Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building.Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。
1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。
a waiting car = the car that is waitinga sleeping child 熟睡的孩子The girl standing there is my sister.站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。
[注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。
例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。
2. 表示用途：the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室a working method 工作方法He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。
【比较】过去分词作定语：及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。
例如：That is the book written by Lu Xun.那是鲁迅写的书。
He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
不定式作定语：用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：meeting, reason, time, way, need, right, chance, decision, wish, promise, ability, anxiety, something, anything, nothing, anybody, somebody, thing... 例如：We have no time to lose.我们没有时间（可以浪费）了。
That’s the plan to build the factory.那就是建那座工厂的计划。
(二)Ving形式作宾语补足语1. 在keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, see, leave...等动词后常用Ving形式作宾语补足语。
例如：1) The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那个老板让工人整夜地工作。
2) We found the old lady lying in bed. 我们发现那老太太躺在床上。
2. 在感官动词：see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find...等及使役动词：have, make, leave, keep, get...等后既可以用不定式也可以用Ving形式作宾语补足语。
不定式（不带to）表示过程或动作完成，Ving形式强调进行或当时情景。
例如：I saw the lady crossing the street.我看见那位妇人在过马路。
We heard her sing two songs.我们听她唱了两首歌。
(三)Ving形式作主语Ving形式具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It is no use arguing with him.和他争论没有用。
Ving形式作主语常用于下列句型：【句型1】It is + 名词（或形容词） + 动名词It is + no useno good a waste of timeso nice+ crying there.doing that.例如：1) It’s a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等是浪费时间。
2) It’s so nice talking to you. 很高兴和你谈话。
【句型2】There is no + 动名词例如：There is no stopping of him. 无法阻拦他。
There was no telling of the difference. 无法加以区别。
【注意】① Ving形式和不定式都可以作主语，Ving形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
例如：Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具体动作）但在It is no use / good, not any use / good, useless 等后必须用Ving形式。
② Ving形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
如：Forgetting the past means betrayal. 忘记过去就意味着背叛。
（四）Ving形式作表语Ving形式具有形容词和名词的性质，在句中可作表语。
作表语用的Ving形式有两种：一种用作名词，一种用作形容词。
用作名词时，说明主语的内容，就此提问时，用what ；用作形容词时，说明主语的特征，用how进行提问。
例如：Her favourite job is teaching English.→ What is her favourite job?It is interesting to read such a story. → How is it to read sucha story?(五)Ving形式作宾语Ving形式具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作宾语。
He is fond of playing football. I like swimming.他很喜欢足球，我喜欢游泳。
【注意】①admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include,keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand等动词后可以用Ving形式作宾语，但不能用不定式。
②forget, go on, like, mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词可带Ving形式或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
试比较：I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过练习。
I must remember to do it. 我必须记着做这事。
I tried not to go there. 我设法不去那里。
I tried doing it again. 我试着又干了一次。
Stop speaking. 不要讲话。
He stopped to talk. 他停下来讲话。
I mean to come early today. 我打算今天来早些。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。
③在allow, advise, forbid, permit 等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用Ving形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后在跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
例如：We don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.④动词need, require, want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用Ving形式，或不定式的被动式，这时，Ving形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：The window needs (requires, wants) cleaning (to be cleaned).⑤在短语devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, objectto, thank you for, excuse me for, be (kept) busy, be worth, have difficulty / trouble / problem(in), have a good / wonderful / hardtime(in), feel like, get down to等后的动词也必须用Ving形式。
例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.⑥在love, hate, prefer等动词后用Ving形式或不定式无大的区别。
但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。
⑦start, begin, continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
⑧在should (would) like / love等后须用不定式。
【知识拓展】Ving形式的时态和语态1. Ving形式的时态Ving形式的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果Ving形式的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词以前发生，用Ving形式的一般式。
例如：His coming will be of great help to us.如果Ving形式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用Ving形式的完成时态。
例如：I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.2. Ving形式的语态主语是这个Ving形式所表示的动作的对象时，Ving形式用被动语态。
被动语态由“being + 过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”构成，后一种一般避免使用。
例如：He likes being helped.He was afraid of being left at home.▲在to be worth doing 句型中，Ving形式doing表示的是被动意义。
例如：The book is worth reading.动词的-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种,它在句中可作主语､宾语､表语､定语､状语及补足语｡由于这种形式是由动词变化而来的,因此它具有动词的一些特征,即可带自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词-ing短语｡它有时态和语态的变化,也有否定形式及其复合结构形式｡现以动词do为例,其变化形式如下:复合结构形式在句中主要作主语和宾语｡作宾语时可用代词宾格或名词普通格加上动词的-ing形式｡一､动词-ing形式作主语(通常指一个抽象动作)时,它可直接置于主语位置,也可以用it作形式主语,而把作真正主语的动词-ing形式放在句子的后部｡例如:1. Knowing table manners will help you make a good impression.2. Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency.3. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.4. His coming made us very happy. (复合结构作主语)二､动词-ing形式作宾语｡例如:1. Having good table manners means knowing how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.2. Do you prefer living in the zoo or living in the jungle?3. I really can’t understand you treating her like that.[注意] 1. 下列动词后面通常要用动词-ing形式作宾语｡enjoy, finish, stop, mind, suggest, practise, excuse(原谅),appreciate, keep, risk(冒险), consider, admit, miss(错过), imagine, avoid(避免), delay(推迟) resist, cannot help等｡2. 在need, want, require, be worth 等动词(短语)后面常用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义｡例如:The flowers want watering.三､动词-ing形式作表语(常指主语的内容､状态或性质等)｡例如: My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs.The film was so moving that we saw it twice.四､动词-ing形式作定语｡单个的动词-ing形式作定语时,常置于所修饰的名词前面;动词-ing短语作定语时则常置于被修饰的词后面｡例如:1. English is the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism.2. The building being built now will be our library.五､动词-ing形式作状语｡动词-ing形式作状语时,可以表示时间､原因､伴随状况､条件､结果等｡例如:1. Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. (时间)2. Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. (原因)3. The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. (伴随状况)4. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking thirdof all the competing countries. (结果)注意: 1. 动词-ing形式(短语)作状语时的几个特性｡①时间性｡如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,则用一般式;如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前则使用完成式｡②语态性｡应考虑动词-ing形式与句子主语之间的关系是主谓关系还是动宾关系,据此来确定语态｡③人称的一致性｡动词-ing形式的逻辑主语应和句子的主语一致｡2. 动词-ing形式前可以加when, while, though等从属连词,这可以视为状语从句的省略｡例如:When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses, butthe glasses should not be touched.While visiting the city, they received a warm welcome.六､动词-ing形式作补足语｡例如:1. He found the wall being painted.2. With so many people communicating in English every day, itwill become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.通常,宾语补足语与宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语往往表示其动作在延续或进行中,用动词-ing作宾语补足语的常见的动词有: have, get, send, leave等使役动词; see, hear, watch, observe, notice, catch, find, listen to,look at等感官动词｡当这些动词用于被动语态时,作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式就相应变成了主语补足语｡巩固性练习:1. ______ his exercise book, he was scolded(批评) by the teacher.A. Not having handed inB. Having not handed inC. Not handing inD. Handing not in2. It was______to see all the students______silently in the classroom.A. surprising; sittingB. surprised; seatingC. surprising; seatD. surprised; sitting3. China became the 143rd member of the WTO on Decomber11,2001,thus______its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A. realizedB. to realizeC. having realizedD. realizing4. While watching television,______ .A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings5. “You can’t catch me!” John shouted,______away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran6. The picture______on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung7.______from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him whenever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered8. The______boy was last seen______near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play9. Ann never dreams of______for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. being a chanceB. there being a chanceC. that she will have a chanceD. there to be a chance10. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help______into buying something they don’t really need.A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded11. —Henry doesn’t seem to be what he was.—No.______so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.A. SeenB. His seeingC. Having seenD. To have seen12. —Were you busy last weekend?—Very. Rather than______time playing cards as usual, I devotedevery effort to______an advertisement.A. wasting; makingB. waste; makeC. to waste; makeD.a waste of; making答案: 1---6 AADCBB 6---12 CABCBA。