SCI论文摘要如何写

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论文的摘要怎么写【可编辑全文】

可编辑修改精选全文完整版论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。

它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具，但是在编辑论文的时候难免会遇到一些小问题，所以今天就为需要的朋友介绍一下怎么写论文摘要。

第一部分介绍文章的研究背景，本科的大概需要300字，硕士大概600字需要讲解针对这些背景做了哪些研究，把重点研究的内容讲述清楚。

实验部分或者是结论部分，就是介绍通过你的研究解决了什么问题。

论文的发表情况是博士、硕士或者老师评定职称的重要指标之一。

摘要这部分的结构是由研究背景，研究的过程和研究结论三部分组成的。

摘要中最重要的一项是要写上文献的文献编码，编码一般由出版社给出。

扩展介绍一、论文摘要写作建议1.摘要写作要字斟句酌写论文，作者一般把主要精力放在论文上，认为摘要不是很重要，对于摘要的写作很随意。

这也是摘要写作出现诸多问题的原因之一。

摘要既然是论文的浓缩与凝练，既然是读者阅读的首选，那么摘要的写作就要字斟句酌。

首先，摘要要简练。

一是要删除句子中多余的字词，二是不说套话、空话。

这就像缩写句子，用最简单的句子表达最丰富的意思。

其次，摘要表述要完整。

摘要的四要素是研究目的、方法、结果、结论。

简单来说就是要包含论点、论据、论证方法与结论。

最后，摘要表述要准确。

摘要既要用词准确，也要一一对应文章的内容，不遗漏、不添加。

2.摘要应在论文写作前写作摘要是浓缩的论文，摘要的结构、用词等与论文一一对应。

从某种意义上来说，摘要就是论文的提纲和提要。

论文写作以前，列一个大纲，在大纲的基础上添枝加叶，这样论文的写作会更有方向、更有目的。

并且论文创作前作者精力丰富、思维活跃，有利于框架结构、写作方向等的制定。

这样有利于作者快速搜集材料和完成论文写作，也可以有效避免在论文写作的过程中出现论据不充分等问题。

3.摘要写作要求新求变摘要的字数和结构有明确的规定。

这样就容易让摘要的写作陷入千篇一律的境地，从而失去新意。

英文论文摘要的种类、结构与文体要求及书写格式

论文英文摘要撰写论文摘要的种类、结构与文体要求及要素一篇论文的摘要在本质上就是一篇浓缩的论文，它是作者对研究过程、研究目的、研究方法和研究结果的简要陈述和概括，其结构与论文的主体结构相对应。

论文的英文摘要存在的问题有涉及结构内容方面的，有涉及句法词法方面的，也有涉及时态语态方面的。

下面我们首先对论文英文摘要的种类、功能与结构和英文摘要撰写的一般原则和基本步骤做以介绍；接下来对论文英文摘要撰写中的常见问题做出归纳并进行实例分析和提出相应解决方法。

1、摘要的种类与结构摘要一般分为两类：信息性摘要和指示性摘要。

当今绝大部分的科技期刊和会议论文都要求作者提供信息性摘要。

1）信息性（报道性）摘要（Informative Abstract）信息性摘要即报道性摘要，也称资料性摘要，它是原文内容要点的具体总结，主要由四个部分组成：（1）研究的目的（Objective or Purpose）；（2）研究的过程与采用的方法（Process and Method）；（3）主要成果或发现（Results or Findings）；（4）主要结论和推论（Conclusion）。

有的摘要的第一部分还包括背景介绍（Background）。

实际上，信息性摘要是论文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要。

本科毕业论文的摘要按其种类来讲应当属于信息性摘要。

（信息性摘要范文请见第6-7页：第二部分；二；至1、摘要的要素）2）指示性摘要（Indicative Abstract，Descriptive Abstract）指示性摘要即介绍性摘要，也称陈述性摘要。

它主要介绍论文的论题，或者概括表述研究的目的，用简单几句话使读者对论文所研究的主要内容有一个概括的了解，不需要介绍方法、结果、结论等具体内容，也不需要用数据进行定量描述。

指示性摘要只讲述论文的主题思想，不涉及或很少涉及细节问题，但要指明文献的论题和所取得的成果的性质及所达到的水平。

下面就是一篇题目为《英语写作教学与大学生综合素质培养》论文的英文题目及其指示性摘要的范文。

如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract

如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract Abstract是SCI论文投稿中不可或缺的一部分。

它通常作为论文的摘要，摘要的质量很大程度上决定了论文被接受的可能性。

因此，如何写好Abstract是每位研究者必须掌握的技能之一。

2023年，Abstract的写作依然是一项重要的任务。

面对越来越激烈的学术竞争，研究者需要通过Abstract来吸引读者的关注并明确表达自己的研究意义和成果。

下面将介绍一些具体的写Abstract的技巧和注意事项，帮助研究者撰写高质量的Abstract。

首先，Abstract的内容应该准确、简洁、具体。

为了达到这个目的，研究者应该遵循以下几个基本原则：1. 提炼核心内容Abstract不是论文的简单概述，而是针对论文的研究问题、方法和成果进行提炼和总结。

因此，研究者应该首先确定论文的核心问题和贡献，然后将其简洁明了地表达在Abstract中。

2. 使用适当的语言和术语研究者应该使用准确、专业的术语和语言来描述论文的问题和成果。

同时，也要注意使用简洁、易懂的语言，特别是在解释论文的复杂概念和模型时，以便读者能够快速理解。

3. 强调结果和贡献在Abstract中，研究者应该突出论文的贡献和创新点，让读者能够明确地看到论文的价值和意义，从而增加论文的吸引力和可读性。

除了上述基本原则，还有一些细节需要研究者注意，以确保Abstract的质量和可读性。

下面列举了一些具体的技巧和注意事项：1. 遵循SCI期刊的写作规范Abstract的格式和内容要符合SCI期刊的要求，这包括使用适当的字体、字号、行间距、段间距，以及指定Abstract的篇幅等。

研究者应该仔细阅读SCI期刊的投稿说明，确保自己的Abstract符合要求。

2. 遵循逻辑顺序和结构研究者应该遵循逻辑顺序和结构来组织Abstract的内容。

通常来说，Abstract应该包括论文的研究问题、研究方法、主要结果、贡献和意义等。

SCI论文摘要中常用的表达方法

SCI论文摘要中常用的表达方法要写好摘要，需要建立一个适合自己需要的句型库（选择的词汇来源于SCI高被引用论文）引言部分（1）回顾研究背景，常用词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等（2）说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的壮语老表达（3）介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等方法部分（1）介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test study, investigate, examine,experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等（2）说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等结果部分（1）展示研究结果，常用词汇有show, result, present等（2）介绍结论，常用词汇有summary, introduce,conclude等讨论部分（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest, repot, present, expect, describe 等（2）说明论证，常用词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等（3）推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest,suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。

摘要引言部分案例词汇review•Author(s): ROBINSON, TE; BERRIDGE, KC•Title:THE NEURAL BASIS OF DRUG CRA VING - AN INCENTIVE-SENSITIZATION THEORY OF ADDICTION•Source: BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS, 18 (3): 247-291 SEP-DEC 1993 《脑研究评论》荷兰SCI被引用1774We review evidence for this view of addiction and discuss its implications for understanding the psychology and neurobiology of addiction.回顾研究背景SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例词汇summarizeAuthor(s): Barnett, RM; Carone, CD; 被引用1571Title: Particles and field .1. Review of particle physicsSource: PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 54 (1): 1-+ Part 1 JUL 1 1996:《物理学评论，D辑》美国引言部分回顾研究背景常用词汇summarizeAbstract: This biennial review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 1900 new measurements from 700 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measuredproperties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review.SCI摘要引言部分案例attentionSCI摘要方法部分案例considerSCI高被引摘要引言部分案例词汇outline•Author(s): TIERNEY, L SCI引用728次•Title:MARKOV-CHAINS FOR EXPLORING POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS 引言部分回顾研究背景，常用词汇outline•Source: ANNALS OF STATISTICS, 22 (4): 1701-1728 DEC 1994•《统计学纪事》美国•Abstract: Several Markov chain methods are available for sampling from a posterior distribution. Two important examples are the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis algorithm.In addition, several strategies are available for constructing hybrid algorithms. This paper outlines some of the basic methods and strategies and discusses some related theoretical and practical issues. On the theoretical side, results from the theory of general state space Markov chains can be used to obtain convergence rates, laws of large numbers and central limit theorems for estimates obtained from Markov chain methods. These theoretical results can be used to guide the construction of more efficient algorithms. For the practical use of Markov chain methods, standard simulation methodology provides several Variance reduction techniques and also gives guidance on the choice of sample size and allocation.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例回顾研究背景presentAuthor(s): L YNCH, M; MILLIGAN, BG SC I被引用661Title: ANAL YSIS OF POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE WITH RAPD MARKERS Source: MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, 3 (2): 91-99 APR 1994《分子生态学》英国Abstract: Recent advances in the application of the polymerase chain reaction make it possible to score individuals at a large number of loci. The RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method is one such technique that has attracted widespread interest.The analysis of population structure with RAPD data is hampered by the lack of complete genotypic information resulting from dominance, since this enhances the sampling variance associated with single loci as well as induces bias in parameter estimation. We present estimators for several population-genetic parameters (gene and genotype frequencies, within- and between-population heterozygosities, degree of inbreeding and population subdivision, and degree of individual relatedness) along with expressions for their sampling variances. Although completely unbiased estimators do not appear to be possible with RAPDs, several steps are suggested that will insure that the bias in parameter estimates is negligible. To achieve the same degree of statistical power, on the order of 2 to 10 times more individuals need to be sampled per locus when dominant markers are relied upon, as compared to codominant (RFLP, isozyme) markers. Moreover, to avoid bias in parameter estimation, the marker alleles for most of these loci should be in relatively low frequency. Due to the need for pruning loci with low-frequency null alleles, more loci also need to be sampled with RAPDs than with more conventional markers, and sole problems of bias cannot be completely eliminated.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例词汇describe•Author(s): CLONINGER, CR; SVRAKIC, DM; PRZYBECK, TR•Title: A PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL MODEL OF TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER•Source: ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 50 (12): 975-990 DEC 1993《普通精神病学纪要》美国•引言部分回顾研究背景，常用词汇describe 被引用926•Abstract: In this study, we describe a psychobiological model of the structure and development of personality that accounts for dimensions of both temperament and character. Previous research has confirmed four dimensions of temperament: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, which are independently heritable, manifest early in life, and involve preconceptual biases in perceptual memory and habit formation. For the first time, we describe three dimensions of character that mature in adulthood and influence personal and social effectiveness by insight learning about self-concepts.Self-concepts vary according to the extent to which a person identifies the self as (1) an autonomous individual, (2) an integral part of humanity, and (3) an integral part of the universe as a whole. Each aspect of self-concept corresponds to one of three character dimensions called self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence, respectively. We also describe the conceptual background and development of a self-report measure of these dimensions, the Temperament and Character Inventory. Data on 300 individuals from the general population support the reliability and structure of these seven personality dimensions. We discuss the implications for studies of information processing, inheritance, development, diagnosis, and treatment.摘要引言部分案例•（2）说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aimSCI高被引摘要引言部分案例attempt说明写作目的•Author(s): Donoho, DL; Johnstone, IM•Title: Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage•Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, 90 (432): 1200-1224 DEC 1995 《美国统计学会志》被引用429次•Abstract: We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data. We introduce a procedure, SureShrink, that suppresses noise by thresholding the empirical wavelet coefficients. The thresholding is adaptive: A threshold level is assigned to each dyadic resolution level by the principle of minimizing the Stein unbiased estimate of risk (Sure) for threshold estimates. The computational effort of the overall procedure is order N.log(N) as a function of the sample size N. SureShrink is smoothness adaptive: If the unknown function contains jumps, then the reconstruction (essentially) does also; if the unknown function has a smooth piece, then the reconstruction is (essentially) as smooth as the mother wavelet will allow. The procedure is in a sense optimally smoothness adaptive: It is near minimax simultaneously over a whole interval of the Besov scale; the size of this interval depends on the choice of mother wavelet. We know from a previous paper by the authors that traditional smoothing methods-kernels, splines, and orthogonal series estimates-even with optimal choices of the smoothing parameter, would be unable to perform in a near-minimax way over many spaces in the Besov scale.Examples of SureShrink are given. The advantages of the method are particularly evident when the underlying function has jump discontinuities on a smooth backgroundSCI高被引摘要引言部分案例To investigate说明写作目的•Author(s): OLTV AI, ZN; MILLIMAN, CL; KORSMEYER, SJ•Title: BCL-2 HETERODIMERIZES IN-VIVO WITH A CONSERVED HOMOLOG, BAX, THAT ACCELERATES PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH•Source: CELL, 74 (4): 609-619 AUG 27 1993 被引用3233•Abstract: Bcl-2 protein is able to repress a number of apoptotic death programs. To investigate the mechanism of Bcl-2's effect, we examined whether Bcl-2 interacted with other proteins. We identified an associated 21 kd protein partner, Bax, that has extensive amino acid homology with Bcl-2, focused within highly conserved domains I and II. Bax is encoded by six exons and demonstrates a complex pattern of alternative RNA splicing that predicts a 21 kd membrane (alpha) and two forms of cytosolic protein (beta and gamma). Bax homodimerizes and forms heterodimers with Bcl-2 in vivo. Overexpressed Bax accelerates apoptotic death induced by cytokine deprivation in an IL-3-dependent cell line. Overexpressed Bax also counters the death repressor activity of Bcl-2. These data suggest a model in which the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax determines survival or death following an apoptotic stimulus.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例purposes说明写作目的•Author(s): ROGERS, FJ; IGLESIAS, CA•Title: RADIATIVE ATOMIC ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY TABLES•Source: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 79 (2): 507-568 APR 1992 《天体物理学杂志增刊》美国SCI被引用512•Abstract: For more than two decades the astrophysics community has depended on opacity tables produced at Los Alamos. In the present work we offer new radiative Rosseland mean opacity tables calculated with the OPAL code developed independently at LLNL. We give extensive results for the recent Anders-Grevesse mixture which allow accurate interpolation in temperature, density, hydrogen mass fraction, as well as metal mass fraction. The tables are organized differently from previous work. Instead of rows and columns of constant temperature and density, we use temperature and follow tracks of constant R, where R = density/(temperature)3. The range of R and temperature are such as to cover typical stellar conditions from the interior through the envelope and the hotter atmospheres. Cool atmospheres are not considered since photoabsorption by molecules is neglected. Only radiative processes are taken into account so that electron conduction is not included. For comparison purposes we present some opacity tables for the Ross-Aller and Cox-Tabor metal abundances. Although in many regions the OPAL opacities are similar to previous work, large differences are reported.For example, factors of 2-3 opacity enhancements are found in stellar envelop conditions.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例aim说明写作目的•Author(s):EDV ARDSSON, B; ANDERSEN, J; GUSTAFSSON, B; LAMBERT, DL;NISSEN, PE; TOMKIN, J•Title:THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE GALACTIC DISK .1. ANALYSISAND RESULTS•Source: ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 275 (1): 101-152 AUG 1993 《天文学与天体物理学》被引用934•Abstract:With the aim to provide observational constraints on the evolution of the galactic disk, we have derived abundances of 0, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Ni, Y, Zr, Ba and Nd, as well as individual photometric ages, for 189 nearby field F and G disk dwarfs.The galactic orbital properties of all stars have been derived from accurate kinematic data, enabling estimates to be made of the distances from the galactic center of the stars‘ birthplaces. 结构式摘要•Our extensive high resolution, high S/N, spectroscopic observations of carefully selected northern and southern stars provide accurate equivalent widths of up to 86 unblended absorption lines per star between 5000 and 9000 angstrom. The abundance analysis was made with greatly improved theoretical LTE model atmospheres. Through the inclusion of a great number of iron-peak element absorption lines the model fluxes reproduce the observed UV and visual fluxes with good accuracy. A new theoretical calibration of T(eff) as a function of Stromgren b - y for solar-type dwarfs has been established. The new models and T(eff) scale are shown to yield good agreement between photometric and spectroscopic measurements of effective temperatures and surface gravities, but the photometrically derived very high overall metallicities for the most metal rich stars are not supported by the spectroscopic analysis of weak spectral lines.•Author(s): PAYNE, MC; TETER, MP; ALLAN, DC; ARIAS, TA; JOANNOPOULOS, JD•Title:ITERA TIVE MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR ABINITIO TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS - MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AND CONJUGA TE GRADIENTS•Source: REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, 64 (4): 1045-1097 OCT 1992 《现代物理学评论》美国American Physical Society SCI被引用2654 •Abstract: This article describes recent technical developments that have made the total-energy pseudopotential the most powerful ab initio quantum-mechanical modeling method presently available. In addition to presenting technical details of the pseudopotential method, the article aims to heighten awareness of the capabilities of the method in order to stimulate its application to as wide a range of problems in as many scientific disciplines as possible.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例includes介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围•Author(s):MARCHESINI, G; WEBBER, BR; ABBIENDI, G; KNOWLES, IG;SEYMOUR, MH; STANCO, L•Title: HERWIG 5.1 - A MONTE-CARLO EVENT GENERA TOR FOR SIMULATING HADRON EMISSION REACTIONS WITH INTERFERING GLUONS SCI被引用955次•Source: COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS, 67 (3): 465-508 JAN 1992:《计算机物理学通讯》荷兰Elsevier•Abstract: HERWIG is a general-purpose particle-physics event generator, which includes the simulation of hard lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering and soft hadron-hadron collisions in one package. It uses the parton-shower approach for initial-state and final-state QCD radiation, including colour coherence effects and azimuthal correlations both within and between jets. This article includes a brief review of the physics underlying HERWIG, followed by a description of the program itself. This includes details of the input and control parameters used by the program, and the output data provided by it. Sample output from a typical simulation is given and annotated.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例presents介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围•Author(s): IDSO, KE; IDSO, SB•Title: PLANT-RESPONSES TO ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT IN THE FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS - A REVIEW OF THE PAST 10 YEARS RESEARCH•Source: AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, 69 (3-4): 153-203 JUL 1994 《农业和林业气象学》荷兰Elsevier 被引用225•Abstract:This paper presents a detailed analysis of several hundred plant carbon exchange rate (CER) and dry weight (DW) responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment determined over the past 10 years. It demonstrates that the percentage increase in plant growth produced by raising the air's CO2 content is generally not reduced by less than optimal levels of light, water or soil nutrients, nor by high temperatures, salinity or gaseous air pollution. More often than not, in fact, the data show the relative growth-enhancing effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment to be greatest when resource limitations and environmental stresses are most severe.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围emphasizing •Author(s): BESAG, J; GREEN, P; HIGDON, D; MENGERSEN, K•Title: BAYESIAN COMPUTATION AND STOCHASTIC-SYSTEMS•Source: STATISTICAL SCIENCE, 10 (1): 3-41 FEB 1995《统计科学》美国•SCI被引用296次•Abstract: Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been used extensively in statistical physics over the last 40 years, in spatial statistics for the past 20 and in Bayesian image analysis over the last decade. In the last five years, MCMC has been introduced into significance testing, general Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood estimation. This paper presents basic methodology of MCMC, emphasizing the Bayesian paradigm, conditional probability and the intimate relationship with Markov random fields in spatial statistics.Hastings algorithms are discussed, including Gibbs, Metropolis and some other variations. Pairwise difference priors are described and are used subsequently in three Bayesian applications, in each of which there is a pronounced spatial or temporal aspect to the modeling. The examples involve logistic regression in the presence of unobserved covariates and ordinal factors; the analysis of agricultural field experiments, with adjustment for fertility gradients; and processing oflow-resolution medical images obtained by a gamma camera. Additional methodological issues arise in each of these applications and in the Appendices. The paper lays particular emphasis on the calculation of posterior probabilities and concurs with others in its view that MCMC facilitates a fundamental breakthrough in applied Bayesian modeling.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围focuses •Author(s): HUNT, KJ; SBARBARO, D; ZBIKOWSKI, R; GAWTHROP, PJ•Title: NEURAL NETWORKS FOR CONTROL-SYSTEMS - A SURVEY•Source: AUTOMA TICA, 28 (6): 1083-1112 NOV 1992《自动学》荷兰Elsevier•SCI被引用427次•Abstract:This paper focuses on the promise of artificial neural networks in the realm of modelling, identification and control of nonlinear systems. The basic ideas and techniques of artificial neural networks are presented in language and notation familiar to control engineers. Applications of a variety of neural network architectures in control are surveyed. We explore the links between the fields of control science and neural networks in a unified presentation and identify key areas for future research.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围focus•Author(s): Stuiver, M; Reimer, PJ; Bard, E; Beck, JW;•Title: INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP•Source: RADIOCARBON, 40 (3): 1041-1083 1998《放射性碳》美国SCI被引用2131次•Abstract: The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,000-0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The C-14 age-cal age information, produced by many laboratories, is converted to Delta(14)C profiles and calibration curves, for the atmosphere as well as the oceans. We discuss offsets in measured C-14 ages and the errors therein, regional C-14 age differences, tree-coral C-14 age comparisons and the time dependence of marine reservoir ages, and evaluate decadal vs. single-year C-14 results. Changes in oceanic deepwater circulation, especially for the 16,000-11,000 cal sp interval, are reflected in the Delta(14)C values of INTCAL98.SCI高被引摘要引言部分案例介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围emphasis •Author(s): LEBRETON, JD; BURNHAM, KP; CLOBERT, J; ANDERSON, DR•Title: MODELING SURVIV AL AND TESTING BIOLOGICAL HYPOTHESES USING MARKED ANIMALS - A UNIFIED APPROACH WITH CASE-STUDIES •Source: ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, 62 (1): 67-118 MAR 1992•《生态学论丛》美国•Abstract: The understanding of the dynamics of animal populations and of related ecological and evolutionary issues frequently depends on a direct analysis of life history parameters. For instance, examination of trade-offs between reproduction and survival usually rely on individually marked animals, for which the exact time of death is most often unknown, because marked individuals cannot be followed closely through time.Thus, the quantitative analysis of survival studies and experiments must be based oncapture-recapture (or resighting) models which consider, besides the parameters of primary interest, recapture or resighting rates that are nuisance parameters. 结构式摘要•T his paper synthesizes, using a common framework, these recent developments together with new ones, with an emphasis on flexibility in modeling, model selection, and the analysis of multiple data sets. The effects on survival and capture rates of time, age, and categorical variables characterizing the individuals (e.g., sex) can be considered, as well as interactions between such effects. This "analysis of variance" philosophy emphasizes the structure of the survival and capture process rather than the technical characteristics of any particular model. The flexible array of models encompassed in this synthesis uses a common notation. As a result of the great level of flexibility and relevance achieved, the focus is changed from fitting a particular model to model building and model selection.SCI摘要方法部分案例•方法部分•（1）介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test，study, investigate, examine,experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等•（2）说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等•（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等SCI高被引摘要方法部分案例discusses介绍研究或试验过程•Author(s): LIANG, KY; ZEGER, SL; QAQISH, B•Title: MULTIV ARIATE REGRESSION-ANAL YSES FOR CATEGORICAL-DATA •Source:JOURNAL OF THE ROY AL STA TISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-METHODOLOGICAL, 54 (1): 3-40 1992《皇家统计学会志，B辑：统计方法论》•SCI被引用298•Abstract: It is common to observe a vector of discrete and/or continuous responses in scientific problems where the objective is to characterize the dependence of each response on explanatory variables and to account for the association between the outcomes. The response vector can comprise repeated observations on one variable, as in longitudinal studies or genetic studies of families, or can include observations for different variables.This paper discusses a class of models for the marginal expectations of each response and for pairwise associations. The marginal models are contrasted with log-linear models.Two generalized estimating equation approaches are compared for parameter estimation.The first focuses on the regression parameters; the second simultaneously estimates the regression and association parameters. The robustness and efficiency of each is discussed.The methods are illustrated with analyses of two data sets from public health research SCI高被引摘要方法部分案例介绍研究或试验过程examines•Author(s): Huo, QS; Margolese, DI; Stucky, GD•Title: Surfactant control of phases in the synthesis of mesoporous silica-based materials •Source: CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, 8 (5): 1147-1160 MAY 1996•SCI被引用643次《材料的化学性质》美国•Abstract: The low-temperature formation of liquid-crystal-like arrays made up of molecular complexes formed between molecular inorganic species and amphiphilic organic molecules is a convenient approach for the synthesis of mesostructure materials.This paper examines how the molecular shapes of covalent organosilanes, quaternary ammonium surfactants, and mixed surfactants in various reaction conditions can be used to synthesize silica-based mesophase configurations, MCM-41 (2d hexagonal, p6m), MCM-48 (cubic Ia3d), MCM-50 (lamellar), SBA-1 (cubic Pm3n), SBA-2 (3d hexagonal P6(3)/mmc), and SBA-3(hexagonal p6m from acidic synthesis media). The structural function of surfactants in mesophase formation can to a first approximation be related to that of classical surfactants in water or other solvents with parallel roles for organic additives. The effective surfactant ion pair packing parameter, g = V/alpha(0)l, remains a useful molecular structure-directing index to characterize the geometry of the mesophase products, and phase transitions may be viewed as a variation of g in the liquid-crystal-Like solid phase. Solvent and cosolvent structure direction can be effectively used by varying polarity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and functionalizing the surfactant molecule, for example with hydroxy group or variable charge. Surfactants and synthesis conditions can be chosen and controlled to obtain predicted silica-based mesophase products. A room-temperature synthesis of the bicontinuous cubic phase, MCM-48, is presented. A low-temperature (100 degrees C) and low-pH (7-10) treatment approach that can be used to give MCM-41 with high-quality, large pores (up to 60 Angstrom), and pore volumes as large as 1.6 cm(3)/g is described.Estimates 介绍研究或试验过程SCI高被引摘要方法部分案例•Author(s): KESSLER, RC; MCGONAGLE, KA; ZHAO, SY; NELSON, CB; HUGHES, M; ESHLEMAN, S; WITTCHEN, HU; KENDLER, KS•Title:LIFETIME AND 12-MONTH PREV ALENCE OF DSM-III-R PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS IN THE UNITED-STA TES - RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY•Source: ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 51 (1): 8-19 JAN 1994•《普通精神病学纪要》美国SCI被引用4350次•Abstract: Background: This study presents estimates of lifetime and 12-month prevalence of 14 DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders from the National Comorbidity Survey, the first survey to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a national probability sample in the United States.Methods: The DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders among persons aged 15 to 54 years in the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States were assessed with data collected by lay interviewers using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Nearly 50% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, and close to 30% reported at least one 12-month disorder. The most common disorders were major depressive episode, alcohol dependence, social phobia, and simple phobia. More than half of all lifetime disorders occurred in the 14% of the population who had a history of three or more comorbid disorders. These highly comorbid people also included the vast majority of people with severe disorders.Less than 40% of those with a lifetime disorder had ever received professional treatment,and less than 20% of those with a recent disorder had been in treatment during the past 12 months. Consistent with previous risk factor research, it was found that women had elevated rates of affective disorders and anxiety disorders, that men had elevated rates of substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder, and that most disorders declined with age and with higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case. Furthermore, this morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders. This suggests that the causes and consequences of high comorbidity should be the focus of research attention. The majority of people with psychiatric disorders fail to obtain professional treatment. Even among people with a lifetime history of three or more comorbid disorders, the proportion who ever obtain specialty sector mental health treatment is less than 50%.These results argue for the importance of more outreach and more research on barriers to professional help-seekingSCI高被引摘要方法部分案例说明研究或试验方法measure•Author(s): Schlegel, DJ; Finkbeiner, DP; Davis, M•Title:Maps of dust infrared emission for use in estimation of reddening and cosmic microwave background radiation foregrounds•Source: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 500 (2): 525-553 Part 1 JUN 20 1998 SCI 被引用2972 次《天体物理学杂志》美国•The primary use of these maps is likely to be as a new estimator of Galactic extinction. To calibrate our maps, we assume a standard reddening law and use the colors of elliptical galaxies to measure the reddening per unit flux density of 100 mu m emission. We find consistent calibration using the B-R color distribution of a sample of the 106 brightest cluster ellipticals, as well as a sample of 384 ellipticals with B-V and Mg line strength measurements. For the latter sample, we use the correlation of intrinsic B-V versus Mg, index to tighten the power of the test greatly. We demonstrate that the new maps are twice as accurate as the older Burstein-Heiles reddening estimates in regions of low and moderate reddening. The maps are expected to be significantly more accurate in regions of high reddening. These dust maps will also be useful for estimating millimeter emission that contaminates cosmic microwave background radiation experiments and for estimating soft X-ray absorption. We describe how to access our maps readily for general use.SCI高被引摘要结果部分案例application介绍应用、用途•Author(s): MALLAT, S; ZHONG, S•Title: CHARACTERIZATION OF SIGNALS FROM MULTISCALE EDGES•Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, 14 (7): 710-732 JUL 1992•SCI被引用508次《IEEE模式分析与机器智能汇刊》美国•Abstract: A multiscale Canny edge detection is equivalent to finding the local maxima ofa wavelet transform. We study the properties of multiscale edges through the wavelet。

sci论文摘要怎么写

sci论文摘要怎么写刚刚接触SCI的同学，对SCI论文一无所知，店铺整理了含有sci 论文摘要的论文，有兴趣的亲可以来阅读一下!基金sci论文篇一规划你的基金“红包”2006年初，股市行情演绎得如火如荼，压抑许久的基金净值也铆足劲儿地往上蹿，好久没有见到收益的“基民”们终于等来了基金的“红包”大礼。

据金融界网站统计，2006年前两个月，共有58只非货币型开放式基金77次派发了红利，无论分红基金的公司数目还是分红次数均接近2005年全年的数字。

2006年有望成为“基金分红年”。

如何规划基金发放的“红包”就成为“基民”的新课题。

让我们一起来看看他们是如何规划自己的红包吧。

现金分红，孝敬父母和旅游张鹏是一名在深圳工作的建筑设计师，看报纸上介绍了某基金管理公司正在发行的一只风险较高的“南方高增长”股票型基金，觉得比较适合自己的激进型投资风格。

该基金公司非常看好自己的这只基金，在发行的时候就自掏腰包认购了5000万元，张鹏还听说基金管理公司的员工们也私下“内部认购”了不少。

他想，该基金公司就在深圳，是国内最好的老基金管理公司之一，而且他们公司内部都十分认可这只新基金，估计这只新基金将来的业绩肯定差不了。

于是张鹏也去认购了10万元的这只股票型基金。

没想到，股市涨得这么好，基金净值升得这么快，才半年多光景，这只基金在今年1月20日和3月1日就实现了两次分红，每份基金分了0.10元的红利，张鹏总共得到了将近2万元的“大红包”，而且剩余的基金总市值还有11万多元。

张鹏说，“选择现金分红的形式是因为觉得分红才是属于我的收益，选择分红再投资虽然可以省一些申购费，但是一样面临着风险。

拿到分红，就等于我的投资成本降低了不少。

我要充分享受投资成果。

”1月份得到的1万元基金红包，张鹏已经在春节的时候孝敬了父母，他们知道这1万元大红包的来历之后非常开心，直夸张鹏会理财。

这3月份的1万元红包，张鹏就准备作为在“五・一”和女友一起去西藏旅游的支出，好好犒赏一下自己。

英文摘要的写作技巧

英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题：写英文摘要时，要确定文章的主题，这是写英文摘要
的首要任务，这样才能把握全文的主旨，为摘要写作构思提供依据。

2、确定摘要内容：接下来，要确定摘要内容，一般来说，英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结，要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容，哪些
是支撑性的内容。

3、分析文章结构：然后，要进行文章的结构分析，把握文章的结构，以及每段内容的主要情节，这样才能把握文章的全部内容。

4、梳理摘要结构：接下来，要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构，一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。

5、撰写英文摘要：最后，要开始撰写英文摘要，写英文摘要时，要
注意字数，一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右，不宜过多或过少，要适
当精炼。

二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨：写英文摘要时，要注意文章的主旨，去掉无
用的信息，强调核心信息，而不是把全文都写了一遍。

2、要注意语言：写英文摘要时，要注意语言的表达，要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达，不要冗长繁琐，也不要太过牵强附会。

3、要注意语法：在写英文摘要时，要注意语法。

sci基本论文格式

sci基本论文格式sci是国际公认的进行科学统计与科学评价的主要检索工具之一，它的论文格式是怎么样的呢?下面是小编精心推荐的一些sci基本论文格式，希望你能有所感触!sci基本论文格式1、题目：应简洁、明确、有概括性，字数不宜超过20个字。

2、摘要：要有高度的概括力，语言精练、明确，中文摘要约100—200字;3、关键词：从论文标题或正文中挑选3～5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。

5、正文：论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。

论文正文：包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。

前言(引言)是论文的开头部分，主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识，并提出论文的中心论点等。

前言要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。

本论是论文的主体，包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。

在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。

结论是论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。

其基本的要点就是总结全文，加深题意。

6、谢辞：简述自己通过做论文的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。

7、参考文献：在论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料，所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。

8、注释：在论文写作过程中，有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。

9、附录：对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入附录中。

关于sci的论文范文SCI收录的护理学类期刊分析摘要：本文对SCI收录的护理学类期刊信息进行了详细介绍，主要包括：英文刊名、期刊出版国家、最新影响因子、五年影响因子、总引文条数、出版周期等情况。

以期为护理学及相关学科研究人员了解护理学类期刊在国际学术界的影响力、明确投稿方向等提供参考依据。

关键词：SCI;护理学;期刊中图分类号：R47，G358，Z88Science Citation Index《科学引文索引》(SCI)由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版，收录数据从1898年至今，目前该库有两种版本，扩展版和核心版，有印刷版、光盘版、磁带数据库、联机数据库和网络版等5种载体形式，其中印刷版和光盘版为SCI核心版，另外3种版本为SCI扩展版(SCIE)。

论文写完摘要怎么写

论文写完摘要怎么写论文写完摘要怎么写论文写完摘要怎么写论文摘要怎么写【1】首先，摘要四个方面具体指的是什么?对象是论文研究内容、要解决的主要问题;方法是论文在研究的过程中所运用的原理、理论、条件等，是完成研究的必要手段;结果是对研究对象进行研究，研究所得的结果;结论是对结果的分析研究比较等，是结果的总结，结论是论文研究价值的体现。

在摘要写作过程中，可合理安排这四方面的要素。

其次，摘要写作过程中有什么具体的要求?论文摘要有字数要求，中文一般为200-300字，英文为100-150words。

在论述过程中，要注意完整、清楚、简明扼要，与论文无关的内容不要写，对论文无用的文学叙述不要用。

一般情况下，对于论文的重要信息要放在开头，如新方法、结果创新性等，这也是抓住读者眼球的关键。

在写作过程中，如果遇到需涉及别人研究成果的，要尽量列出他们的名字，这是对别人成果的尊重，也是对自己的尊重。

最后，摘要需要有什么特点?摘要作为整篇文章的关键部分，大多数情况下直接决定论文是否被阅读，在这种情况下，对摘要质量的要求也就可想而知。

那么，一篇好的摘要需要有什么特点呢?一、准确性摘要应该要准确反映论文内容，对与论文没有的内容不要出现，这是最基本的要求。

一般情况下，可以通过将论文层次标题与摘要进行对比来核实摘要的准确性。

二、独立性摘要作为论文的浓缩，应该是独立成篇。

摘要对特殊的术语、所有的缩写(计量单位除外)、省略语做出说明，拼写出实验和药品的名称(药品采用通用名称)。

新术语或尚无合适中文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。

在引用其他出版物时要包括作者的姓名和出版日期(在论文的参考文献表中要充分说明文献资料的出处)。

三、简洁性摘要对字数有明确要求，一般不超过300字，为最大化表明论文内容，摘要的每一个句子都要最大限度地提供信息。

摘要里不要包含太多信息，一般有4个或5个最重要的观点、结果或含义即可。

SCI医学论文摘要怎么写【2】一、SCI医学论文摘要怎么写?SCI论文摘要书写基本要求：1)摘要的第一句话最重要，内容包括了研究动机(Motivation)和存在问题(Problem Statement)，反映了文章的研究方向和重要性。

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You are the winner!
Never give up!
第 9讲
英文科技论文中的语言表达和修饰科技论文之 “八股”
“八股”所需之基础: 文化表达方式习惯中英之差异 e.g. original sin, trojan horse, …
写作英文科技论文是英文基础问题, 不单单是个写作问题, 因此, 要多读多写, 勤于练习
How important to write a scientific paper
Publish or Perish!!!!!! Paper talks!
The goal of scientific research is publication
Basis of a successful scientific paper:
第 9-12 讲总论
高福
中科院微生物研究所 Nuffield Dept of Clinical Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University
Keep trying,
again and again!
You are the winner!
Never give up!
(实例解剖分析)
Anything common for writing a scientific paper? A personal view
天下文章一大抄抄要抄得巧妙
3 Steps for a successful research paper
1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 = 1
Idea, Design and Experiment/s Writing Submitting and Arguing
Authentic data
Authentic data are the key for a successful publication!
A collection of data or fact is not a scientific paper. Data or fact must be organized and described well
Be both a specialist and a generalist
Specialist is someone who knows a lot about little. (Through the time, s/he will
know more and more about fewer and fewer)
实例解剖分析 My own experience:
Nature Med/Nature Biotech/Lancet > BBRC Journal of General Virology Lancet
Analysis of a scientific paper published in Nature
How important to write a paper???
A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published. (Robert A Day) “Voice yourself and make noise”
This is also known as the writing rule: being familiar!
4 aspects need to be addressed: • Clarity (being clear & familiar) • Objectivity (being forthright & fluid) • Accuracy (being precise) • Brevity (being concise)
Science is built up with facts, as a house is with stones. But a collection of facts is no more science than a heap of stones is a house
J. H. Poincare
Planning ahead
Where to go and what are the readers Evaluation of the significance of your work
General rule for a successful submission:
Keep trying, again and again!
“The greatest possible merit of style is, of course, to make the words absolutely disappear into the thought”
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Proper use of English: Communicated effectively, clearly

一篇好的论文要有一个好的结构, 好的结构要靠优美的语言来体现
The best English is that which gives the sense in the fewest short words (言简意赅)
How do you tell if a piece of writing is good or not?
Generalist is someone who knows little about a lot. (Through the time, s/he
will know fewer and fewer about more and more)
Therefore, The paper is written by a specialist for kind of “generalist” to read, therefore you have to be careful about your language and expression used.