-中医学英文词汇

一、绪论中医学TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine),中医学理论体系的形成Origination of TCM, 形成formation, 发展development中医学理论体系的基本特点The basic characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory整体观the whole concept, 辨证论治syndrome differentiation and treatment第一章阴阳五行学说阴阳Yin-yang , 阴阳的特性the property of yin-yang阴阳之间的相互关系Interaction between yin and yang阴阳对立制约Opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根互用Interdependence between yin and yang阴阳消长平衡Wane and Wax between yin and yang阴阳相互转化Mutual transformation between yin and yang阴阳学说在中医学中的应用The applications of the theory of yin-yang in TCM说明人体的组织结构Explanation of the histological structure of the human body解释人体的生理功能Explanation of the physiology function activity of the human body阐释病理变化Explanation of pathogenesis阴阳偏盛Relative predominance of yin or yang阳偏盛Relative predominance of yang阴偏盛Relative predominance of yin阴阳偏衰Relative decline of yin or yang阳偏衰Relative decline of yang阴偏衰Relative decline of yin五行the five elements,五行特性the five elements property第二章中医学的生理观藏象“Zangxiang” ,五脏five Zang-organs, 六腑six fu-organs,生理功能the physiological functions ,气qi, 血blood , 津液body fluid,气的生成、运动和分类the production ,moving and classification of qi,血的生成和运行the production and circulation of blood津液的生成、输布和排泄the production and transportation and metabolism of body fluid.气、血、津液的功能The physiological functions of qi, blood and body fluid心The heart,主血脉Governing blood主神志controlling the mind在体合脉governs the vessels开窍于舌opens into the tongue其华在面External manifestation on the face肝The liver,主疏泄To dredge and regulate, 主藏血Storing blood在体合筋The liver governing the tendons其华在爪The external manifestation of the liver on the nails开窍于目The liver opening into the eyes脾the spleen,主运化To govern the transportation and transformation主统血To command blood, 主升elevating在体合肌肉，主四肢the spleen governing the muscles and the four limbs开窍于口The spleen opening into the mouth其华在唇The external manifestation on the lip肺The lung,主气，司呼吸Dominating qi，controlling the respiratory movement主宣发、肃降dispersing and descending通调水道The regulation of water passage朝百脉、主治节‘the lung is connected with all the vessels, regulation the qi activity in the whole body在体合皮the lung governing the skin其华在毛Eexternal manifestation on the body hair开窍于鼻The lung opening into the nose肾The kidney,藏精store essence, 主水To govern water, 主纳气To govern reception of qi在体合骨The kidney governing the bones开窍于耳及二阴The kidney opening into the ears, the external genitals and the anus 其华在发External manifestation on the hair胆The gallbladder, 贮藏和排泄胆汁store and excrete the bile胃The stomach, 受纳、腐熟水谷receive and digest food主通降‘the stomach functions to descend’,‘unobstructed condition小肠The small intestine, 受盛化物To receive the chime and transform泌别清浊To separate the lucid from the turbid大肠The large intestine, 主传化糟粕transmitting and excreting the waste of food膀胱The bladder ,storing and discharging urine气的生成The production of qi气的运动The moving of qi气的功能The physiological functions of qi推动作用Propelling function温煦作用Warming function防御作用Protecting and defencive function固摄作用Fixating function气化作用Qi-transforming function元气primordial qi, 宗气pectoral qi, 营气nutrient-qi, 卫气defensive qi第三章中医学的病理观病因 Causes of disease病因的概念及分类concept, classification of causes of disease.六淫的概念concept of six pathogenic factors;，，六淫致病的共同特点the general pathogenic characters of six pathogenic factors;六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）的性质与致病特点nature, pathogenic characters of every six pathogenic factors(including wind, cold,Summer-heat,Dampness,Dryness,Heat (fire))主要的临床表现main clinic manifestations风Wind其性开泄，易袭阳位Wind tend to float, disperse, go upward attack the upper and outside parts风性善行而数变wind tends to move and change风为百病之长，易夹杂其他外感之邪Wind tends to be complicated by other pathogenic factors寒Cold易伤阳气Cold tends to impair yang寒性凝滞Cold tends to coagulate寒性收引Cold tends to contract暑Summer-heat其性炎热Summer-heat is hot暑性升散，耗气伤津Summer-heat tends to disperse and elevate，consume the qi and body fluid暑多夹湿Summer-heat often complicated by dampness湿Dampness湿性重浊dampness is heavy and turbid湿易阻遏气机dampness tends to block qi湿性黏滞dampness is sticky and stagnant湿性趋下, 易袭阴位dampness tends to move downward，attack the lower and inside parts燥Dryness燥易伤津Dryness consume the body fluid燥性干涩Dryness is xerotic and unsmooth燥易伤肺Dryness tends to impair the lung火Heat (fire)其性炎上Heat(fire) tends to flame up易伤津耗气Heat(fire) tends to consume qi and impair body fluid易生风动血Heat(fire) tends to produce wind and disturb blood易致肿疡Heat(fire) tends to cause swelling and ulceration七情内伤的概念、The concept of internal impairment due to the seven emotions,七情致病的特点the pathogenic characters of the seven emotions痰饮、瘀血的概念、形成及致病特点The basic concept, the formation and the pathogenic characteristics of phlegm ,rheum and blood stasis痰饮phlegm ,rheum 瘀血blood stasis发病的基本原理The pathogenesis of occurrence of disease in TCM病机的概念，The concept of mechanism of pathological changes;病机the mechanism of pathological changes;邪正盛衰predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi;阴阳失调imbalance between yin and yang;气血津液失常disorder of qi, blood and body fluid.第四章中医诊断疾病的方法中医诊法The concept of the TCM diagnostic methods中医诊断的理论依据the theory foundation of the TCM diagnostic methods.望神Inspection of spirit, 望色Inspection of complexion, 望排出物Inspection of excreta ，望舌Inspection of tongue,Existence of spirit (得神)，Lack of spirit（少神），Loss of spirit （失神）False spirit（假神）Normal complexion 常色Morbid complexion 病色Red colour ,White colour ,Yellow colour, Bluish colour，Blackish colour临床意义clinical significance ;望舌的方法Methods for inspection of tongue舌苔tongue coat舌红red tongue淡白舌/舌淡Light-whitish tongue青紫舌Cyanotic and purplish tongue问诊inquiry, 主诉chief complaint, 病史history of present illness问现在症inquiry of the present symptomsAversion to cold and fever（恶寒发热）Cold sensation without fever（但寒不热）Fever without cold sensation（但热不寒）Alternate cold and fever（寒热往来）诊脉的部位与方法The Regions and methods for taking pulse脉诊taking pulse, 正常脉象normal pulseCunkou(寸口)cun(寸), guan(关)，chi(尺).辨证的概念The concept of differentiation of syndrome表里辨证External and internal differentiation of syndromes,表证External syndromes,里证internal syndromes,寒热辨证cold and heat differentiation of syndromes,寒证cold f syndromes,热证heat syndromes,虚实辨证asthenia and sthenia differentiation of Syndromes,虚证asthenia Syndromes,实证sthenia Syndromes,临床特点clinical character and difference.八纲辨证Syndromes differentiation with eight principles气血津液辨证syndrome differentiation with qi, blood and body fluid,第五章中医学的防治原则治则therapeutic principles , 治法therapeutic methods正治Routine treatment , 反治Contrary treatment,治本treat “ben”(deal with the root cause)治标Treating biao(acute symptoms bring on great suffering to the patients, or threaten life or tend to transmit and change) in emergency ,扶正与祛邪Strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors,调整阴阳Regulation of yin and yang,三因制宜Abidance by individuality, locality and seasons.第六章中药基本知识中药Chinese Medicinal Herbs四气four properties、寒热温凉cold, hot, warm, cool五味five flavors、辛、甘、酸、苦、咸pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty.升降浮沉the action of lifting, lowering, floating and sinking,、归经channel tropism、毒性toxicity中药的配伍、用药禁忌Contraindication and Compatibility of Chinese Medicinal Herbs中药的剂量Dosage of Chinese Medicinal Herbs第七章方剂基本知识方剂的组成原则The principle of the composition of prescriptions,Monarch drug (jun) 君Minister drug (chen) 臣Adjuvant drug (zuo) 佐Guide drug (shi) 使组成变化the modification of the composition of a prescription.方剂的组成、用法、功效、临床应用、方解：Ingredients, administration, function,clinical application and elucidation of the prescriptions第二章中医学的生理观第三节经络经络the meridians；十二经脉twelve regular meridians十二经脉走向与交接规律direction, joint law of the twelve channels、十二经脉循行分布规律distributing law of the twelve channels ,十二经脉表里络属关系exterior-interior relationship of the twelve channels ,十二经脉流注方向和次序等flowing direction and order of the twelve channels；第八章针灸学基本知识第二节刺灸方法刺法（针法）Acupuncture techniques; 进针Needling methods (insertion methods, Needling manipulation methods)得气arrival of Qi针刺意外和防治处理Management of possible accidents (emphasize 晕针fainting) 灸法moxibustion,第八章针灸学基本知识第一节腧穴腧穴概念；腧穴分类；腧穴定位方法；腧穴的作用the point/acupoint (definition/concept, classification, location method, function)腧穴的定位、归经、基本主治功能：location, channel tropism and the basic special treatment function of the point/acupoint下列腧穴的定位、基本主治功能：手太阴肺经：列缺；The lung channel of Hand-Taiyin: LieQue (Lu7)手阳明大肠经：合谷；The large intestine channel of Hand-Yangming: Hegu (LI4) 足阳明胃经：足三里；The stomach channel of Foot-Yangming: Zusanli (ST36) 足太阴脾经：三阴交；The spleen channel of Foot-Taiyin: Sanyinjiao (SP6)手少阴心经：神门；The heart channel of Hand-shaoyin: Shenmen (HT7)手太阳小肠经：听宫；The small intestine channel of Hand-taiyang: Tinggong (SI19) 足太阳膀胱经：委中；The urinary Bladder channel of Foot-Taiyang: Weizhong(BL40),足少阴肾经：涌泉；The Kidney channel of Foot-shaoyin: Yongquan(KI 1)手厥阴心包经：内关；The Pericardium channel of hand-Jueyin: Neiguan (PC6)手少阳三焦经：外关；The triple warmer (Sanjiao ) channel of Hand-Shaoyang:Waiguan (SJ5 ),足少阳胆经：风池；The Gall Bladder channel of Foot-shaoyang: Fengchi (GB20) 足厥阴肝经：太冲；The Liver channel of Foot-Jueyin: Taichong (LR3)任脉：关元、膻中；The Ren channel :Guanyuan (RN4), Tanzhong (RN17)督脉：大椎、人中；The Du channel : Mingmen(GV 4), Dazhui (DU14), Shuigou (DU26),经外奇穴：印堂、太阳；Extraordinary acupoints: Yintang(EX-HN 3), Taiyang(EX-HN 5)。