2015年6月大学英语四级预测试题5.docx

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2015年6月大学英语四级考试及答案——模拟题三范文

模拟题三Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:Dormitory Life1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.Testing TimesResearchers are working on ways to reduce the need for animal experiments, but new laws may increase the number of experiments needed. The current situation In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful.That ideal world, sadly, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want protection from the toxicity of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. Indeed, the European Commission is forging ahead with proposals that will increase the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical approved for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years.Already, the commission has identified 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spendbetween ~ 4 billion —8 billion ($5 billion—10 billion) doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍) from just over lm a year to about 5m, unless they are saved by some dramatic advances in non-animal testing technology. At the moment, roughly 10% of European animal tests are for general toxicity, 35% for basic research, 45% for drugs and vaccines, and the remaining 10% a variety of uses such as diagnosing diseases.Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues, and last weekend the Middle European Society for Alternative Methods to Animal Testing met in Linz, Austria, to review progress.A good place to start finding alternatives for toxicity tests is the liver--the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be excreted. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.One way out of the problemPrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under investigation. The characteristics of the cells are carefully monitored, to look for changes in their microanatomy.Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying individual cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical in question is bad for the liver.In principle, these techniques could be applied to any chemical. In practice, drugs (and, in the case of PrimeCyte, food supplements) are top of the list. But that might change if the commission has its way: those 140,000 screenings look like a lucrative market, although nobody knows whether the new tests will be ready for use by 2009, when the commission proposes that testing should start.Other tissues, too, can be tested independently of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an artificial version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix's researchers, the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and respond in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.The immune system can be mimicked and tested, too. ProBioGen, a company based in Berlin, is developing an artificial human lymph node (淋巴结) which, it reckons, could have prevented the neardisastrous consequences of a drag trial held in Britain three months ago, in which (despite the drag having passed animal tests) six men suffered multiple organ failure and nearly died. The drug the men were given made their immune systems hyperactive. Such a response would, the firm's scientists reckon, nave teen identified by their lymph node, which is made from cells that provoke the immune system into a response. ProBioGen's lymph node could thus work better than animal testing. A second alternativeAnother way of cutting the number of animal experiments would be to change the way that vaccines are tested, according to Coenraad Hendriksen of the Netherlands Vaccine Institute. At the moment, all batches of vaccine are subject to the same battery of tests. Dr. Hendriksen argues that this is over-rigorous. When new vaccine cultures are made, belt-and-braces tests obviously need to be applied. But if a batch of vaccine is derived from an existing culture, he suggests that it need be tested only to make sure it is identical to the batch from which it is derived. That would require fewer test animals.All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made. What is harder to see is how the use of animals might be banished from fundamental research. Weighing the balanceIn basic scientific research, where the object is to understand how, say, the brain works rather than to develop a drug to treat brain disease, the whole animal is often necessarily the object of study. Indeed, in some cases, scientific advances are making animal tests more valuable, rather than less. Geneticmodification techniques mean that mice and rats can be remodelled to make them exhibit illnesses that they would not normally suffer from. Also, genes for human proteins can be added to them, so that animal tests will more closely mimic human responses. This offers the opportunity to understand human diseases better, and to screen treatments before human trials begin. However, the very creation of these mutants (突变异种) counts as an animal experiment in its own right, so the number of experiments is increasing once again.What is bad news for rodents, though, could be good news for primates. Apes and monkeys belong to the same group of mammals as humans, and are thus seen as the best subjects for certain sorts of experiment. To the extent that rodents can be "humanised", the number of primate experiments might be reduced.Some people, of course, would like to see them eliminated altogether, regardless of the effect on useful research. On June 6th the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, an animal-rights group, called for the use of primates in research to be banned. For great apes, this has already happened. Britain, Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Sweden have ended experiments on chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos and orang-utans. Experiments on monkeys, though, are still permitted. And some countries have not banned experiments on apes. In America, for example, about 1,000 chimpanzees a year are used in research.This is a difficult area. Great apes are man's closest relatives, having parted company from the human family tree only a few million years ago. Hence it can be (and is) argued that they are indispensable for certain sorts of research. On the other hand, a recent study by Andrew Knight and his colleagues at Animal Consultants International, an animal-advocacy group, casts doubt on the claim that apes are used only for work of vital importance to humanity. Important papers tend to get cited asreferences in subsequent studies, so Mr. Knight looked into the number of citations received by 749 scientific papers published as a result of invasive experiments on captive chimpanzees. Half had received not a single citation up to ten years after their original publication.That is damning. Animal experiments are needed for the advance of medical science, not to mention people'ssafety. But if scientists are to keep the sympathy of the public, they need to do better than that.1. The passage summarizes harmful effects of animal experiment. However, as animal experiment is indispensable in a number of areas, it might not be stopped or replaced by other alternatives.2. Animal experiments are needed in research to find new drugs and vaccines, and to find ways of protection from the toxicity of chemicals.3. It is predicted by experts that the number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will quintuple due to a plan to have a large variety of chemical tested.4. People are trying to find alternatives to animal testing, and they started with liver.5. PrimeCyte and Pfizer began to find alternatives to animal testing because they were advocates of animal protection.6. It is found that tissues from liver, lung, and immune system can all be tested independently of animals.7. Although there is more than one alternative to animal experiment, there is still concern over how to eliminate animal testing in fundamental research.8. In basic scientific research, the object is to understand how, say, the brain works rather than to develop a drug to ______ brain disease.9. Indeed, in some cases, scientific advances are making animal tests___________10. Recently, an animal-advocacy group casts doubt on the scientists' claim that apes are used only for __________Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. What is suburbanization? If by "suburb" is meant an urban (47) that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the (48) of the industrial city in the second quarter of the 19th century. Before that period the city was a small highly (49) cluster in which people move about on foot and goods were (50) by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830s and 1840s were (51) along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were (52) by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense (53) this encroachment and to enlarge their tax base, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia (54) most of Philadelphia County. Similar things (55) place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States (56) such status only by annexing the communities along their borders.A) locatedB) marginC) conveyedD) compactE) centerF) emergenceG) spaciousH) surroundedI) abandonedJ) plummetK) achievedL) tookM) againstN) forO) incorporatedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneAs you make your way through the crowded stalls of Beijing's food markets nowadays, you may sometimes be confused as to just what you should be looking for. There is a profusion of fresh vegetables laid out for sale, so much celery, so many Dutch beans, tomatoes, even broccoli and parsley. How different things were only a scant 15 years ago. At that time there was no variety in the selection of vegetables.Today, with bread, jam, milk and eggs available for breakfast instead of porridge, deep-fried dough strips and pickles, more and more people can afford the indulgence of eating whatever they want.It is all the rage for fashionable teenagers to go to a Western restaurant for spaghetti, a hamburger, filed chicken, pizza or a sandwich. Older folks in China have not quite caught on to these trends, as their younger counterparts have, and tend to be more practical, focusing their attention on simple but sensible food. The purpose of eating is not simply to fill one's stomach, they mason, but also to maintain one's mind and body. Products like low-fat foods, vegetables, bean products and "black food" (foods dark in color, believed to be highly nutritious) have all won over many older consumers who would probably blanch at the thought of a McDonald's Happy Meal for lunch.It is an old Chinese tradition to attach great importance and ceremony to the art of dining. When friends come for dinner, they are often treated to a sumptuous banquet, which results in a lot of wasted food. Young people nowadays pay more attention to quality than quantity, though, and innovative contraptions like chafing dishes are starting to appear on Chinese tables instead of the old "eight courses (usually four meat dishes and four vegetable dishes) and one soup" allowing diners to chat while they eat. Some companies are now beginning to treat guests to buffets instead of the traditional big banquet, which helps in turn to cut costs.China is well-known for its food, and that is saying a lot. The famous "eight cuisines" of Chinese kitchens have won accolades from customers as far afield as Capetown and Salt Lake City. But preparing Chinese dishes is no easy job, and it takes one or two hours to serve up one dish with the right flavor, color, taste and shape to satisfy demanding Chinese palates. People of the 1990's just don't have the time any more. Affluence brings more fast food and instant meals in a box, especially frozen food, and the introduction of electric steamers, microwave ovens and electric ranges gives many people an excuse to spend fewer and fewer hours in the kitchen preparing a decent meal.57. What did Chinese people usually have for breakfast 15 years ago?[A] Beans, tomatoes, broccoli and parsley. [B] Bread, jam, milk and eggs.[C] Porridge, deep-filed dough strips and pickles. [D] Bread, milk, porridge and pickles.58. According to the Chinese tradition, dining is not only a way to fill one's stomach but also a[A] revolution [B] trend [C] ceremony [D] waste59. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that Chinese people are spending less time in the kitchen now than in the past?[A] They are much busier than before. [B] They care less about eating than before.[C] More fast food and instant meals are available than before. [D] More modem electric appliances are available than before.60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?[A] A large variety of foods are available in the Chinese market now.[B] Chinese people like to go to Western restaurants.[C] Traditional Chinese people pay more attention to quantity than to quality.[D] A traditional Chinese dish that presents the right taste, flavor, and color is regarded as an excellent dish.61. What is the author's attitude toward China's gastronomic revolution?[A] In favor of. [B] Indifferent. [C] Against. [D] Holds a balanced view.Passage TwoThe Language Learning Theory course is an option during the third semester of your program. It is an introduction to aspects of Psycholinguistics and SecondLanguage Acquisition Research. The course will deal specifically with those aspects of recent research that are relevant to the comprehension and production of spoken language. Most of the course will, in other words, be spent considering the processes involved in understanding and producing spoken language. At each stage, we shall be relating the implications of recent research and theories to the practice of foreign language teaching. The course aims to provide relevant background for all language teachers who are interested in WHY and HOW current teaching approaches have been developed.The course will be held during the first ten weeks of this semester from 8: 30 to 10: 30 on Tuesday mornings. A handout giving an outline of the topics of each of the ten sessions is available for those who wish to consider the course in more detail.The course will be principally conducted through lecture and seminar. Learners will, at times, be asked to take part in small language experiments. Handouts and worksheets will be distributed each week. Preparatory reading and follow-up reading will be required for each session.Learners' participation in class activities will be taken into consideration. Attendance at classes is essential. There will be four short, assessed assignments during the course. Participation in classes will account for 10% of the final mark. Assignments will account for 60%. The remaining 30% is for the final test—which will be held one week after the end of the course.You may collect the handout (covering the information I have given you today) from me at the end of this session. If you need further details, you are welcome to ask me personally or see the secretary in Room 513. The course code is LLT 96.62. Students who are interested in______ are most UNLIKELY to take this course?[A] Linguistics (language studies). [B] Language teaching. [C] Improving oral skills.[D] Psychology.63. According to the passage, when will the final test of the course be given?[A] The 11th week. [B] The 10th week. [C] The 9th week. [D] The 18th week.64. If a student never skips a class and gets an overall mark of 80 (out of 100) for assignments, what is the minimum mark that the student must obtain in the final exam in order to get 85 (out of 100) as the final mark of the course?[A] 80. [B] 85. [C] 90. [D] 95.65. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?[A] Language teaching theory is a compulsory course. [B] Each session of this course will last 2 hours.[C] Reading will be required both before and after each session of this course.[D] Students interested in more details about this course may see the speaker in person.66. This passage is the transcript of a speech most probably given by _____.[A] a teaching secretary [B] a teacher [C] a school director [D] a studentPart ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born (67) . Human brains differ "considerably, (68) being more capable than others. (69) no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has (70) to learn. So the second factor is what (71) to the individual -the sort of environment in which he is brought (72) .If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) (73) , it is likely that his brain will (74) to develop and he will never (75) the level of intelligence of which he is (76) .The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be (77) by the case history of the (78) twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in (79) fostered (寄养的) homes. Peter was (80) by parents of low intelligence in an (81) community with poor educational opportunities. John, (82) , was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental (83) continued until the twins were (84) their late teens, When they were given tests to (85) their intelligence. John's IQ(智商) was 125, twenty-five, points higher than the (86) and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.67. [A] for [B] by [C] with [D] in68. [A] most [B] some [C] many [D] few69. [A] But [B] For [C] Still [D] And70. [A] necessities [B] realities [C] probabilities [D] opportunities71. [A] refers [B] applies [C] happens [D] concerns72. [A] about [B] up [C] on [D] Out73. [A] relatively [B] intelligently [C] regularly [D] environmentally74. [A] help [B] manage [C] fail [D] perform75. [A] assume [B] attain [C] accomplish [D] accumulate76. [A] capable [B] sensible [C] adequate [D] acceptable77. [A] demonstrated [B] implemented [C] released [D] revealed78. [A] equivalent [B] parallel [C] similar [D] identical79. [A] separate [B] independent [C] remote [D] individual80. [A] grown [B] reared [C] cultivated [D] tamed81. [A] conservative [B] enclosed [C] isolated [D] occupied82. [A] moreover [B] otherwise [C] therefore [D] however83. [A] exception [B] division [C] difference [D] alteration84. [A] in [B] by [C] at [D] for85. [A] estimate [B] evaluate [C] assess [D] measure86. [A] average [B] normal [C] regular [D] ordinaryPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. He was almost hurt _________________________________(当公共汽车突然停止的时候).88. I didn’t travel much when I was younger, but I’m certainly_____________________________(弥补失去的时间).89. Only those species __________________________________(能适应并应付变化的环境的) survived; the others died out.90. Chinese Government declares that _______________________________(任何情况下中国都不首先使用) nuclear weapons.91. __________________________ (针对你的呼吁)，we have made effective measures to stop such terrible accident.参考答案Part I Writing [范文]Measures to Relieve Traffic JamAlthough it is convenient and enjoyable to own a car, people have to suffer troubles caused by traffic jam. Today, cars are considered as an important transportation means, especially for those who have to commute between their offices in downtown area and their home in the outskirts of the city. ( 引出文章的主题。

最全的2015年6月英语四级(三套)真题及答案分析

2015年6月英语四级真题答案完整版(试卷一)作文真题听力真题Short conversations1.W: I’m going to give up playing chess. I lost again today.M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit?Q: What does the man imply?2.M: Do you know Sally’s new address? She’s got some mail here, and I’d like to forward it to her.W: Well, we’ve not been in touch for quite a while. Let’s see. Mary should know it.Q: What does the woman mean?3.W: I missed classes this morning. Could you please lend me your notes?M: My notes? You’ve never see my handwriting, have you?Q: What does the man imply?4.M: I’m taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend, I found it rather disappointing.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.M: I’ve been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the man mean?6.W: Thank you for bringing the books back.M: I thought you need them over the weekend. Many thanks for letting me use them.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7.W: Are you working flexible hours?M: No, I’m not. The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work, and that meant I had to leave an hour earlier than usual.Q: What did the man decided to do?8.W: Our plane has been circling for a long time. Why the delay?M: The airport is closed for a while this morning, and things are still not back to normal.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation长对话一Woman: Morning, this is TGC!Man: Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please?Woman: Who’s calling, please?Man: Walter Barry, from London.Woman: What is it about, please?Man: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. I’d like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC to protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time.Woman: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now.Man: Can you tell me when I could reach him?Woman: He’s very busy for the next few days. Then he’ll be away in New York. So it’s difficult to give you a time.Man: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?Woman: Who, in particular?Man: A colleague, for example?Woman: You are speaking to his personal assistance. I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand.Man: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?Woman: No, I’m sorry, he won’t be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details of your products and services, together with references from other companies. And then we’ll contact you.Man: Yes, that’s very kind of you. I have your address.Woman: Very good, Mr…?Man: Barry. Walter Barry, from LCP in London.Woman: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.Man: Thank you, goodbye.Woman: Bye.9. What do we learn about the woman’s company?10. What do we learn about the man?11. What’s the woman’s position in her company?12. What does the woman suggest the man do?Long conversation长对话二Man: Miss Yamada, did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the western world?Woman: No, not really, although I’ve always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe.Man: So you enjoyed classical music even when you were very young?Woman: Oh, yes. I was an only child.Man: You were born in 1955, is that right?Woman: Yes, I began violin lessons at school when I was 6.Man: As young as that, did you like it?Woman: Oh, yes, very much.Man: When did you first play on your own? I mean, when did you give your first performance?Woman: I think I was 8…? No, Nine. I just had my birthday a week before, and my father had bought me a new violin. I played a small piece at the school concert.Man: Did you know then that you would become a professional violinist?Woman: Yes, I think so. I enjoy playing the violin very much, and I didn’t mind practicing, sometimes three or four hours a day.Man: And when did you first come to Europe?Woman: I was very lucky. When I was fifteen, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris. That was for a three-year course.Man: How did your parents feel about that?Woman: I think they were pleased and worried at the same time. It was the chance of a lifetime. But of course I would be thousands of miles from home. Anyway, I studied in Paris for three years and then went back to Tokyo.13. What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?14. What does the woman say about her music experience?15. What does the woman say about her study in Paris?Spot DictationLooking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is prospering. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the decade. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the opposite of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resources uses that sustain progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). In simple terms, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped establish a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work reasonably well, but serious weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not take into account the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a misleading sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do better than those that preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for using up the forests.Passage OneWhat makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people.Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Yet how many know Shakespeare the person, the man behind the works?After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights that protect their work.Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education. Others believe that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not. Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school; so, Shakespeare did have, at least, an average education.Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown. The Great London Fire of l666 burned many important documents that could have been a source of clues. We will always be left with many questions and few facts.Question16 What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?Question 17 What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?Question 18 Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery? Passage TwoWherever you go and for whatever reason, it's important to be safe. While the majority of people you will meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers-theft being the most common.Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful. It's important to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you are travelling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You don't want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid any more. Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick or injured during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international driver's license.When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember to smile. It's the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world!Question 19 What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad?Question 20 What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad?Question 21 What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? Passage 3The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humour has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost. When Ratner took over his father's chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver ornaments. By 1991, Ratner's company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British businesspeople, he suited up and explained the secret of his success. People say "How can we sell our goods for such a low price?" I say "Because they are absolute rubbish." His audience roared with laughter. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner's shops. Sales fell and 6 months after his speech, Ratner's share price had fallen by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.Question 22 What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when he took over his father's shops?Question 23 On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explained the secret of his success?Question 24 How did people feel when they leaned of Gerald Ratner's remarks?Question 25 What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?翻译真题在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。

2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析4

2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析Part one WritingDirections : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Sounds in three paragraphs You have been given the first sentence of each paragraph .You should write at least 100 words .Sounds1)The world is filled with many sounds_____________2)Some sounds are useful __________3)But some sounds are harmful _________Part threeReading Comprehension ( 35minutes )Directions : There are 4 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .Question 21 to 35 are based on the followingpassage .The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain ( ) for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , one’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation ( ) . Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop akind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .”All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent () and impractical . It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormalsociety.21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation .A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples C)about 60 couples D) about 30 couples22. Which of the following is TRUE accordingto the passage ?A)The beat generation refused to do any dutyB)The beat generation was in support ofalmost everything traditional .C)The beat generation believes no one exceptthat he is over thirty .D)The beat generation’s ideas were notimpractical .23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probablymeans ______.A)a state of mind against realismB) a state of mind doubting everything inexistence.C)a theory advocating mutual helpD)a theory advocating individualism24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____.A) they had no interest B) they found hard tocooperation with itC)the laws block their way to do so . D) theythought their need was neglected .25. This passage is mainly about _____.A)the young Americans B) the generation gap .C)the education of the young D) an Americansocial phenomenonQuestion 26 to 30 are based on the followingpassage .Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in itsown way .First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree heavier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is essential to make the area , which has been pruned smooth , and clean , for healing will be slowed down byroughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .26. Pruning should be done to _____.A)make the tree grow taller . B) does notprotect them form the windC)get rid of the small branches D) make thesmall branches thicker .27. Trees become unhealthy if thegardener_______A)allows too many branches to grow in themiddleB)does not protect them from the windC)forces them grow too quicklyD)damages some of the small side branches.28 . Why is a special substance painted on thetree ?A)to make a wound smooth .B)to prevent disease entering a wound .C)to cover a rough surface .D) to help a wound to dry .29. A good gardener prunes tree ____A) at intervals throughout the yearB) as quickly as possibleC) occasionally when necessaryD) regularly every winter30 . What was the author’s purpose whenwriting this passage ?A)to give practical instruction for pruninga treeB)to give a gardener description of pruningC)to explain how trees develop diseaseD)to discuss different methods of pruningQuestion 31 to 35 are based on the followingpassage .On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Carke , dressed for going out , took her handbag with her money and her key in it , pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club . She always went there on Thursdays . It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone .At six o’clock she came home , let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke in her house ? How ? Had someone got in ? She checked the back door and the windows . All were locked or fastened , as usual . There was no sign of forced entry .Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-“a master key” perhaps . So she stayed at home the following Thursday .Nothing happened . Was anyone watching her movements ? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time , dressed as usual , but she didn’t go to the club . Instead she took a short cut home again , letting herself in through her garden and the back door . Shesettled down to wait .It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang . Mrs.Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time . The bell rang again , and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open . With the kettle of boiling water in her hand , she moved quietly towards the front door . A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box , and then a hand . The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock Mrs.Clark raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand . These was a shout outside , and the skin seemed to drop off thefingers like a glove . The wire fell to the floor , the band was pulled back , and Mrs.Clarke heard the sound of running feet .31.Mrs.Clarke looked forward to Thursdaybecause ___________.A)She worked at a club on ThursdayB) She had visitors on ThursdayC) She visited a club on ThursdayD) a special visitor came on Thursday32. If someone had made a forced entry ______.A)Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken dooror window .B)He or she was still in the houseC)Things would have been thrown aboutD)He or she would have needed a master key33.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out_____.A)because she didn’t want to miss the clubagainB)to see if the thief was hanging aboutoutsideC)to the club but then changed her mindD)in an attempt to trick the thief34.The lock on the front door was one which _____.A)needed a piece of wire to open itB)could be opened from outside without a keyC) couldn’t be opened without a keyD) used a knob instead of a key35. The wire fell to the floor _______.A)because Mrs. Clarke refused to open thedoorB) when the man’s glove dropped offC) because it was too hot to holdD) because the man just wanted to get awayQuestion 36 to 40 are based on the followingpassage .Disney World , Florida , is the biggest amusement resort in the world . It covers 24.4 thousand acres , and is twice the size of Manhattan .It was opened on October 1 , 1971 , five years later Walt Disney’s death , and it is a larger , slightly more ambitious version of Disneyland near Los Angeles . Foreigners tend to associate Walt Disney with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and with his other famous cartoon characters , Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck and Pluto , or with his nature films , whose superb photography is spoiled , in the opinion of some , by the vulgarity of the commentary and musicalbackground .There is very little that could be called vulgar in Disney World . It attracts people of most taste and most income groups , and people of all ages , from toddlers to grandpas . There are two expensive hotels , a golf course , and forest trails for horseback riding and rivers for canoeing . But the central attraction of the resort is the Magic Kingdom .Between the huge parking lots and the Magic Kingdom lies a broad artificial lake . In the distance rise the towers of Cinderella’s Castle , which like every other building in the Kingdom is built of solid materials . Even getting to the Magic Kingdom’s is quite and adventure . You have a choice of transportation . You can either crossthe lake on a replica of a Mississippi paddle-wheeler , or you can glide around the shore in a streamlined monorail train .When you reach the terminal , you walk straight into a little square which faces Main Street is late 19th century . There are modernshops inside the buildings ,but all the decades are of the period . There are hanging baskets full of red and white flowers , and there is no traffic except a horse-draw streetcar and an ancient double-decider bus . Yet as you walk through the magic Kingdom , you are actually walking on top of a network of underground roads . This is how the shops , restaurants and all the other material needs of the Magic Kingdom are invisiblysupplied .36. In which year did Walt Disney die ?A)1971 B)1976 C)1966 D)190037. The main attraction of Disney World is_____.A)the Severn Dwarfs B) Mickey Mouse C) DonaldDuck D) The Magic World38. Reaching the Magic Kingdom is _______.A)Adventurous B) dangerous C) difficult D)easy39. When one visits the biggest amusement inthe world , one will find _____.A)it is relatively cheap B) it is very expensive C) it just wastes his time D) it isvulgar40 .Why is Disney World the most famousamusement resort ?A)It is funny B) It is interesting C) It is the biggest one D) It is the most expensivePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes )Directions : There are 30 inco9mplete sentence in this part . For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , and D) . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter .41. The number of _____ species increasesevery year as natural habitats disappear .A.dangerous B .serious C. endangered D.hazardous42. Aluminum as well as most metals _____.A.is a good conductorB. is a good insulatorC. are good conductorsD. are good insulators43. Outline are used most often to ______the contents of long complex papers before the actualwriting begins .A.sketchB. illustrateC. drawD. describe44. There are ten on the list , so you are_______.A . an eleventhB . the eleventhC . an elevenD . eleven 45. To get a high score ______.A . working hard is neededB . one must workhard .C . working hard is very importantD .requirement is what needed46 . “ I’m tired , but let’s go”“ Why____ rest a while ?”A.let’sB. not let’s C . not D . let’s not47. I shall never allow you to marry the poor girl and you are not may son if you _____.A . haveB . marriedC . do notD . do48. He is _____ of a musician .A . anybody B. anyone C . somebody D .something49. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London to protect himself from_____ he hadconquered .A . thoseB . each otherC . themD . it50 . I probably know him _____ but not _____ .A . by the sight …By nameB . by a sight …by nameC . by sight … by nameD . by the sight …by the name51 . I want an assistant with _____ little knowledge of French and ____ experience of officeroutine .A . the … aB . the … anC . a … theD .a … an52. She killed him not because she loved himless but ______.A . she loved the country moreB . loved thecountry moreC . loving the country more D. because sheloved the country more53. Then _____ of that time when he wascowboy .A . Comes the memoryB . came the memory C.the memory comes D . the memory came54. Busy ____ he is , he can fulfill the taskahead of schedule .A . becauseB . asC . no matter howD .although55. No sooner had he found his purse missing_____ he cried and shouted loudly .A . whenB . thanC . beforeD . while56 . Children , we have to _____ what we have now and it is for you to get better things in thefuture .A. make up for B . run away with C . do awaywith D . put up with57. Mr. Jack _____volleyball in the afternoon , but now his leg wounded , ____ in theevening .A . used to play … is used to taking a walkB . used to playing … is used to take a walkC . was used to playing … used to taking a walk D. was used to play … used to take a walk58. I wonder what the boy will ____ such a sumof money .A . do upB . do withC . do forD . do to59. Do you object _____with you tonight ?A . thatB . for my stayingC . to that I shallstay D . to my staying60. We must ____ the telegram arrived intime .A . secureB . assureC . ensureD . certify61. If only I _____ the books on the readinglist before I attended the lecture .A . readB . have readC . had readD . couldhave read62. While crossing the mountain areas , all the men had guns for protection lest they _____bythe local bandits .A . be attackedB . were attackedC . must beattacked D . would be attacked63 . He burned all the important documents ____ that they should fall into the enemy’shands .A . unlessB . for fearC . untilD . so64. Up went the prices , ______.A . down the living standard comeB . theliving standard came downC . came down the living standardD . down camethe living standard65. Although he is more serious _____ his studied than I am , my grades are better than his .A . withB . forC . aboutD . at66. People can _____ new ideas which nobodyever considered before .A . came intoB . come up withC . come outD . come along with67.During their first teacher-training year , the students often visited local schools for the____ of lessons .A. observationB. observanceC.investigation D. inspection68. Old men sat on the park benches , waitingthe village youths ____football .A. playB. playingC. to playD. played69. The science of medicine , _____ progress has been very rapid lately , is perhaps the most important of all science .A. to which B . with which C. in which D . amongwhich70. They were just going to give up the question , _____ suddenly they found the answer .A. whenB. afterC. unlessD. unlessPart IV Close (15 minutes )Direction : There are 20 blanks in the following passage . For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B ) , C ) , and D ) on the right side of the paper . You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre .In the next 40 years , the percentage of people in the United States over the age of 65 is expected to double . __71__the needs of this part of the populations a _72_ to the ingenuity () of America . To a _73_ degree , a society is judged by __74_ it cares for those who can no longer care_75_themselves .High technology _76_ the most startling advances in helping the elderly . In _77_ to the well-known artificial heart implantation () , there are efforts underway to _78_ artificial lungs , livers , and bones . An electric ear is _ 79_ seventy-five percent effective . The implants will _80_ better medical care by _81_ minute does of drugs into the body continuously .For the older people ,even the simplest tasks can be difficult , _82_ impossible to perform . American business have responded _83_ their needs with a _84_ of inexpensive but useful _85_ Companies have designed extra-efficient can openers that _86_ people whose hands have become -87_ weak to open cans easily . There are devices that allow people to pull on a pair of socks _88_straining their backs . Combs with long handles and U-shaped back brushes are _89_ for those who can not reach as _90_ as they could when they were young . 71.A) Seeing B) Meeting C)Facing D) Matching 72. A) chance B) challenge C)call D) change73. A) valuable B) comprehensive C)considerate D) considerable74. A) how B) why C) who D) whom75. A) with B) to C) upon D) for76. A) protects B) profits C) proclaims D)promises77. A) relation B) contrast C) addition D)proportion78. A) discover B) promote C) assemble D)develop79. A) thus B) still C) already D) yet80. A) permit B) persist C) serve D) pursue81. A) removing B)releasing C) relieving D)replacing82. A) always B) usually C) eventually D)sometimes83. A) to B) at C) with D) on84. A) set B) variety C) series D) group85. A)production B)produce C) products D)sales86. A)enable B) make C) cause D) encourage87. A) so B) very C) too D) rather88. A) by B)without C) in D) through89. A) valuable B) ready C) near D) available90. A) long B) good C) far D) much参考答案Writing SoundsThe world is filled with many sounds . Everyday we are surrounded by all kinds , such asmusic and noise .Some sounds are useful . Among these useful sound , music is very important . Music brings a lot of pleasure to us and makes our lives colorful . Of course , there are also other useful sounds . Such as whistles of police car which inform us togive way to emergency .But some sounds as harmful . For example , the noise made by the loudspeaker of a car can disturb our peaceful lives . Therefore , in some cities , cars are forbidden to blow whistles . In the end , we hope the world can be filled with more useful sounds and less harmful sounds .Listening Comprehension Section A1. C2. D3. A4. B5.C6. D7. A8. B9. C10. D11. domestic 12. conventional 13. scattered 14. remote 15. mountainous 16. extensive 17. competition 18. Despite 19. business 20. utilizedReading Comprehension21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28.B 29.C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33.D 34. B 35. D 36.C 37.D 38. A 39. A 40. CPart III Vocabulary and Structure41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. B46. C 47.D 48. D 49. A 50. C51. C 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. B56. D 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. C61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. C66. B 67. A 68. B 69. C 70. A71. B 72. B 73. D 74. D 75. D76. D 77. C 78. D 79. C 80. A81. B 82. D 83. A 84. B 85. C86. A 87. C 88. B 89. D 90. C。

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版一、听力（35题，35分）Short Conversations 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation. Conversion one 9. C. It has a chemical processing plant. 10. D. He’s a salesman. 11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. Conversion two 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. Passage One 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. Passage Two 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. Passage 3 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit to one's sense of humour 填空: 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into account 34. misleading 35. using up 分）二、选词填空（10题，5分）第一套选词填空：第一套选词填空：36 announcing 37 entitled 38 critically 39 potential 40commitment 41develop 42enhance 43retain 44component 45challenges 第二套选词填空：第二套选词填空：36 assets 37 excellent 38 origin 39 up-to-date 40 attend 41 guidelines 42 aware 43 involved 44 especially 45 volunteering 三、匹配和阅读(各1分，共10分) 第一套段落信息匹配：第一套段落信息匹配：文章是：essay-grading software offers professors a break. 46-55 FBMCE QGPJD 四、仔细阅读(（各2分，共20分) 第一套仔细阅读：第一套仔细阅读：56. B) It will protect them from sunburn 57. A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas 58. 58. D) D) D) Daily Daily Daily application application application of of of sunscreen sunscreen sunscreen helps helps helps reduce reduce reduce the the the incidence incidence incidence of of melanomas 59. C) It is not based on direct observation of the subjects 60. A) A Using both covering up and sunscreen. 61. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. 62. B) A rapid technological advance. 63. A) Economic growth will slow down. 64. 64. C) C) C) Even Even Even wealthy wealthy wealthy people people people must must must work work work longer longer longer to to to live live live comfortably comfortably comfortably in in retirement. 65. D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 第二套仔细阅读：第二套仔细阅读：61. A ）More men taking an extended parental leave. 62. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. 63. A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. 64. C) Surprise 第三套仔细阅读第三套仔细阅读61. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. 62. 62. A) A) A) Their Their Their self-sufficiency self-sufficiency is is vital vital vital to to to the the the stability stability stability of of of world world world food food markets. 63. D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 64. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 65. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 五、翻译（整体给分，共15分）分）第一套第一套中国是世界上最古老的文明之一.构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国.中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经历着一次新的工业革命中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站. 目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。

2015年6大学英语四级考试真题及详细答案

Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?”Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was theconversation and the questions will be spoken only each question there will bea the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), D),and decide which is the best mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. will give the woman some tips on the game.woman has good reason to quit the game.is willing to play chess with the woman.woman should go on playing chess.2. man can forward the mail to Mary.can call Mary to take care of the mail.probably knows Sally's new address.would like to resume contact with Sally.3. handwriting has a unique style.notes are not easy to read.did not attend today's class.is very pleased to be able to help.man had better choose another restaurant.new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5. has been looking forward to spring.has been waiting for the winter sale.will clean the woman's boots for spring.will help the woman put things away.6. woman is rather forgetful.man appreciates the woman's help.man often lends books to the woman.woman often works overtime at weekends.7. to work on foot.a sightseeing trip.work earlier than usual.a walk when the weather is nice.plane is going to land at another airport.flights have been delayed due to bad weather.closing has disturbed the airport's operation.airport's management is in real need of improvement.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. specializes in safety from leaks.is headquartered in London.has a partnership with LCP.has a chemical processing plant.10. is 's friend.is a safety inspector.is a salesman.is a chemist.11. of the safety department.'s personal assistant.of the personnel department.public relations officer.12. for to call back.a message for .details of their products and services.a comprehensive description of their work.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.dreamed of working and living in a European country.read a lot about European musicians and their music.listened to recordings of many European orchestras.began taking violin lessons as a small child.was a pupil of a famous European violinist.gave her first performance with her father.became a professional violinist at fifteen.gave her a chance to explore the city.was the chance of a lifetime.was a great challenge to her.helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each passage, you will hearsome the passage and the questions will be spoken only youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B), D ).Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.are mysterious stories behind his works.are many misunderstandings about him.works have no match worldwide.personal history is little known.moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.failed to go beyond grammar school.was a member of the town council.once worked in a well-known acting company.18. of his time had no means to protect their works.sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.works were adapted beyond recognition.of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19...crash.accidents.20. the local customs.hotel reservations.tickets well in advance.the right documents.21. your agent.a lift if possible.official transport.a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. down production cost.inexpensive products.in gold ornaments.the taste of his goods.a national press conference.a live television interview.a local sales promotion campaign.a meeting of top British businesspeople.24.....words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.who never learns from the past is bound to fail.should be a limit to one's sense of humour.is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have , when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written. Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties,global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students whoneed them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our have to do leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to contains information given in one of the the paragraph from which the information is may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked with a the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast Foodfirms have to be a thick-skinned experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope not perhaps for much burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as , such as Burger King, have seen salesa severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive in many cases that strategy did not year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$ to May a judge ruled in favour of Burger , the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 , a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including 's started selling better coffee as a challenge to " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty 's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next has the potentialto bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says of 's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lotmore left to do.people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future. King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions orunfinished each of them there are four choices marked A., B), ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent are the most aggressive skin have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blueor green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.will protect them from sunburn.will keep their skin smooth and fair.will work for people of any skin color.does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?is ineffective in preventing melanomas.is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.is ineffective with long-term exposure.is ineffective for people with fair skin.do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?should be applied alongside other protection measures.people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.does the author say about the second Australian study?misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.is not based on direct observation of the subjects.confirms the results of the first Australian study.does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?both covering up and sunscreen.in the shade whenever possible.covering up instead of sunscreen.the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the % of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable the changing nature of work also plays a big has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.is happening in the workforce in rich countries?people are replacing the elderly.people tend to work longer.rates are rising year after year.with no college degree do not easily find work.has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?life expectancies.rapid technological advance.changes in the workforce.growing number of the well-educated.do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?growth will slow down.budgets will increase.people will try to pursue higher education.will be more competition in the job market.is the result of policy changes in European countries?workers may choose to retire early.people have to receive in-service training.wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.is characteristic of work in the 21st century?will do more complicated work.will be taken by the educated young.jobs to be done will be the creative ones.are highly valued regardless of age.Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案(三套全)

目录2015年6月英语四级真题(一) ...................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 答案解析（一）............................................................................................................................................................ - 16 - 快速对答案 ................................................................................................................................................................... - 40 - 2015年6月英语四级真题试卷二............................................................................................................................... - 41 - 快速对答案 ................................................................................................................................................................... - 57 - 答案解析（二）............................................................................................................................................................ - 57 - 2015年6月英语四级真题试卷三............................................................................................................................... - 81 - 快速对答案 ................................................................................................................................................................... - 87 - 答案解析（三）............................................................................................................................................................ - 87 -2015年6月英语四级真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the pict ure below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then co mment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything? ”Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is（36）the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are（37 ）to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is （38 ）important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full （39）," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep（40 ）of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will （41 ）their own creative solutions, but we must work together to （42）our focus on how to better recruit, support and （43）effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a （44 ）of President Obama's year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the （45 ）of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesmitmentponentF.contestsG.critically H.develop I.distributingJ.enhance K.entitled L.potentialM.properly N.qualified O.retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticize them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% ,but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eatat home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smallerfast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hardin this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees ( 特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice ( 引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue ( 烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "wecan sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum !Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannotbe forced to ordersalads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains thathave more healthy offerings.K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating ( 创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell morevegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tacklethe obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serveon the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C) andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen ( 防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if youhave periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's notentirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of securityin the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the riskof all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates,as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on ( 抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more willalmost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers ( 二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that usedto encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月英语四级考试真题与答案(精编版)

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action .Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A. AnnouncingB. beneficialC. challengesD. commitmentE. componentF. contestsG. criticallyH. developI. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potentialM. properly N. qualified O. retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA）Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.B) Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such "trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, whenfast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C) As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Pan era Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D) But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E）Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger Kingfranchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.F）Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns T aco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G）Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its " Mc Cafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H) As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also addingmidday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day," says Rick Carlucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings.K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."Weprobably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie” Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do. 46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47. Fast-food fins may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that ismost worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D. It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement ratherthan more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A. Longer life expectancies.B. A rapid technological advance.C. Profound changes in the workforce.D. A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A. Economic growth will slow down.B Government budgets will increase.C. More people will try to pursue higher education.D. There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B. More people have to receive in-service training.C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A. Computers will do more complicated work.B. More will be taken by the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part ⅣTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案范文：Writing：家长角色There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). To begin with, family in growing numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oftentimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him or her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dreams by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the college by which they failed to be accepted, because they have become richer and they believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want come true now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream that one day he would become a violinist was broken because of lack of money. But he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my younger brother to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局).To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to communicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices(建议二，“是时候”句型). Only in these ways will children grow in a psychologically happy environment and realize their own dreams.短对话原文（周祖骏）1．W: I am going to give up playing chess, I lost again today.M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit?Q: What does the man imply?2．M: Do you know Shirley’s new address? She’s got some mail here and I’d like to fold it to her.W: Well, we’ve not been in touch for quit a while. Let’s see, Marry should know it? Q: What does the women mean?3.W: I missed the classes this morning could you please lent me your notes?M: My notes? You’ve never seem my hand writing, have you?Q: What does the man imply?4.M: I am taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend and I found it rather disappointing.Q: What does the women mean?5.W: Winter is over at last, time to put away my gloves and boots.M: I ‘ve been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the man mean?6.W: Thank you for bringing the books back.M: I thought you need them over the weekend, many thanks for let me use them.Q: What do we learn from conversation？7.W: Are you working flexible hours?M: No I am not, The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work and that meant I have to leave an hour earlier than usual.Q: What does the man decide to do?8.W: Our plane has been circling for a long time, we could delay.M: The airport was closed for a while this morning and things are still not back to normal.Q: What does the man mean?短对话答案解析（孙祥喆）【总评】：8 个短对话总体来说比以往四级听力要难，但是考察水平令人叹服。

2015年6月英语四级考试真题及问题详解(第2套)

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions：for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below．You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then ment on this kind of modern life．You should write at least l20 words but no more than l80wordsPart lI Listening prehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end ofeach conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what Was said．Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will bea pause．During the pause，you must read thefour choices marked A.，B)，C)and D)．and decide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet l with a single line through the centre．1．A.He is pleased to sit on the mittee．B.He iS willing to offer the woman a hand．C.He will tell the woman his decision later．D.He would like to bee a club member．2．A.Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpriced．B.They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one．C.The guide books in the library have the latest information．D.The library Can help order guide books about Vancouver．3．A.He regrets having taken the history course．B.He finds little interest in the history books．C.He has trouble finishing his reading assignments．D.He has difficulty writing the weekly book report．4．A.The man had better choose another restaurant．B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating．C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately．D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant．5．A.He has been looking forward to spring．B.He has been waiting for the winter sale．C.He will clean the woman，s boots for spring．D.He will help the woman put things away．6．A.At a tailor’s．B.At Bob’s home．C.In a clothes store．D.In a theatre．7．A.His guests favor Tibetan drinks．B.His water is quite extraordinary．C.Mineral water is good for health．D.Plain water will serve the purpose．8．A.Report the result of a discussion．B.Raise some environmental issues．C.Submit an important document．D.Revise an environmental report．Questions 9 t0 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard．9．A.They pollute the soil used to cover them．B.They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods．C.The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve．D.The gas they emit is extremely poisonous．10．A.Growing population．B.Packaging materials．C.Changed eating habits．D.Lower production cost．11．A.By saving energy．B.By using less aluminum．C.By reducing poisonous wastes．D.By making the most of materials．12．A.We are running out of natural resources soon．B.Only bined efforts can make a difference．C.The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us．D.All of us can actually benefit from recyclin9．Questions l3 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard．13．A.Miami．B.Vancouver．ham．D.Boston．14．A.To get information on one—way tickets to Canada．B.To inquire about the price of“Super Saver”seats．C.To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible．D.To inquire about the shortest route to drive home．15．A.Join a tourist group．B.Choose a major airline．C.Avoid trips in public holidays．D.Book tickets as early as possible．Section BDirections：／n this section，you will hear 3 short passages．At the end of each passage，you will hearsome questions．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once．After youhear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A.，B)，C.and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single linethrough the centre．Passage OneQuestions l6 t0 18 are based on the passage you have just heard．16．A.There are mysterious stories behind his works．B.There are many misunderstandings about him．C.His works have no match worldwide．D.His personal history is little known．17．A.He moved to Stratford—on—Avon in his childhood．B.He failed to go beyond grammar sch001．C.He was a member of the town council．D.He once worked in a well—known acting pany．18．A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works．B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire．C.His works were adapted beyond recognition．D.People of his time had little interest in him．Passage TwoQuestions l9 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard 19．A.It shows you have been ignoring your healthB. It can seriously affect your thinking processC.It is an early warning of some illness．D.It is a symptom of too much pressure．20．A.Reduce our workload．B.Control our temper．e painkillers for reliefD.Avoid masking syruptoms_21．A. Lying down and having some sleep．B.Rubbing and pressing one’s back．C.Going out for a walkD.Listening to light musicPassage ThreeQuestions 22 t0 25 are based on the passage you have just heard 22．A.Depending heavily on loans．B.Having no budget plans at all．C.Spending beyond one's meansD.Leaving no room for large bills23．A.Many of them can be cut．B. All of them have to be covered．C.Their payment cannot be delayedD.They eat up most of the familyine24．A.Rent a house instead of buying one．B. Discuss the problem in the family．C.Make a conservation planD.Move to a cheaper Place25．A.Financial issues plaguing a family．B.Difficulty in making both ends meet．C.Family budget problems and solutionsD.New ways to boost familyineSection CDirections：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the firsttime,you should listen carefully for its general idea． When the passage Its read for thesecond time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what youhave written．Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream，many people go for no26 reason． Some go because their parents expect it，others because it's what their friends aredoing.Then，there，s the belief that a college degree will27 ensure a good job and high pay.Some students 28 through four years，attending classes，or skipping(逃课)them as the case may be，reading only what can’t be avoided，looking for less 29courses，and never being touedor changed in any important way． For a few of these people，college provides no 30，yet．Becauseof parental or peer pressure，they cannot voluntarily leave．They stop trying in the hope that theirtea。

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Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay entitled Students’Evaluation of Their Teachers following the outline given below．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．1．学生对教师的评估被越来越广泛地应用。

2．人们对其持不同态度3．你的看法Students’Evaluation of Their Teachers____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The "Lost" Great Wall of ChinaA forgotten section of the Great Wall of China has been discovered deep in the Gobi Desert--and outside of China--researchers say.With the help of Google Earth, an international expedition documented the ancient wall for roughly 100 kilometers (62 miles) in a restricted border zone in southern Mongolia in August 2011.The defensive barrier formed part of the Great Wail system built by successive Chinese dynasties to repel Mongol invaders from the north, according to findings published in the March issue of the Chinese edition of National Geographic magazine. (The National Geographic Society is responsible for both the magazine and Nationai Geographic News.)Preserved to a height of 9 feet (2.75 meters) in places, the desert discovery belongs to a sequence of remnant( 遗留的 ) walls in Mongolia collectively known as the Wall of Genghis Khan, said expedition leader and Great Wall researcher William Lindesay. Named after the founder of the Mongol Empire, the Wall of Genghis Khan usually survives only as "a faint trace," Lindesay said in an email.But "we found a 'real wail', standing high and existing as a dominant landscape feature," he said.What's more, it wasn't the work of Genghis Khan or his heirs but actually a long-lost segment of the Great Wall of China network, the team's findings suggest.First to Investigate New Great Wall?Close to China in the border region of omnogovi Province, the ancient structure hadn't been scientifically explored or studied before, said Lindesay, director of the International Friends of the Great Wall conservation group, based in Beijing,China."We're the first to investigate the ruins," he said."According to the army officers who minded us, we were the first outsiders to be allowed into the area,"Lindesay added. "We assumed various local Mongolians had been to the area, but had not considered the structure of much interest."At times seeking out topographic clues seen in Google Earth--the wall is visible on satellite images—the team located two well preserved but contrasting stretches of wall. One section had been made mainly with wet mud and a woody desert shrub(灌木)called saxaul(梭梭树)， the other from blocks of black volcanic rock.Along its vast length, Lindesay suspects, the wall originally stood at least 2 meters (6.5 feet) taller than it does today."What we found was just the last remaining piece of a ' fossil'--the skull or the large thighbone, with the rest missing," he said."One can expect the wall was both much higher and continuous for vast distances." That dark basaltic rock(玄武岩)seems to have been an obvious choice for the second stretch，which crosses the rugged(崎岖的)remains of extinct volcanoes．The clean，straight edges to the blocks indicate that the stone was quarried(开采)，which would have required a large，organized work．force and an efficient transport system，the team said．Rewriting HistoryAncient Mongolian texts suggest that the so-called Wall of Genghis Khan was built as an animal fence by Khan's son Ogedei to keep wild gazelle (羚羊) on his land. But the recently explored Gobi Desert wall segment isn't in a region where large herds of gazelle occur."There would be no reason to build an animal wall in the Gobi," said anthropologist (人类学家) and Mongolia historian Jack Weathefford, formerly of Macalester College, Minnesota.Chinese researchers, perhaps not surprisingly, have speculated that China's Han dynasty had erected these little-studied stretches in about 115 B.C.But radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating of partly exposed wood and rope remains extracted from the wall indicates that the saxaul-segment construction occurred about a thousand years later than thought, from A.D. 1040 to 1160.Those dates hint that the Western Xia dynasty built the walls--or at least rebuilt old Han walls on the sites.Holding Back the Mongol TideThis northwestern Chinese dynasty isn't known to have contributed to the Great Wall system, but in at least one aspect, a Western Xia origin makes sense.During the Western Xia period, Mongol tribes were rising in strength and making forays ( 侵略 ) south,Lindesay noted."If one imagines the wall as a platform, with some kind of battlement--perhaps of wooden stakes, functioning as a shield to those manning its top---then it would have been an effective defense installation ( 防护驻地)," he said.But, mysteriously, the expedition team found no pottery, no trash, no coins, no weapons--nothing to prove the wall was ever actually manned. Nor did they find any of the watchtowers that mark surviving sections of theGreat Wall within China."The wall system was incomplete," Lindesay said. "It not only lacked the signaling capability to make smoke signals--it didn't appear to be capable of accommodating troops."Unfinished Business"I believe the wall here is only half built and that there was, for some reason, a rethink on locating the wall here," Lindesay said.It isn't difficult to imagine how the purported (传说中的) Great Wall segment's harsh desert location might have led to the remote frontier defense being abandoned, he added.Weatherford, the Minnesota-based anthropologist, agrees with Lindesay's conclusion that the newfound remains were Chinese constructions.There's a good reason, Weatherford added, that the stretch nevertheless carries Genghis Khan's name.Mongolians, he said, are sensitive to the idea of "Chinese structures built on their land", since it carries thepossible claim that the land was once Chinese."By calling it the Genghis Khan Wall, the name makes the place Mongolian and rejects foreign influence,"Weatherford said.He also describes the expedition new findings as"very important, because to my knowledge this wall has not been studied.""I would risk saying that it is the largest human-made structure or artifact in all of Mongolia," he added. "It is amazing to me that it is not already much better analyzed."1. According to this passage, the purpose of building the Great Wall system is to __________.A) avoid the trouble of sending an army to defend the areaB) repel Mongol invaders from the northC) indicate where the b. order line between Mongol and China isD) rival with the Wall of Genghis Khan2. Who is William Lindesay?A) An expert on Great Wall.B) An editor with National Geographic magazine.C) A scientist who named the section the Wall of Genghis Khan.D) An expert on this forgotten section of the Great Wall3. According to this passage, the newly discovered section of the Great Wall isA) the work of Genghis KhanB) the work of Genghis Khan's heirsC) a part of the Great Wall of ChinaD) a part of the City Wall of the capital of Mongolia4. Lindesay and his expedition team was the first group toA) investigate the remaining wallsB) discover the wall ruinsC) approach the Wall of Genghis KhanD) notice the forgotten Great Wall in Google Earth5. Lindesay assumes that the original height of the wall was about __________.A) 2 metersB) 6.5 feetC) 9 metersD) 15.5 feet6. According to Jack Weatherford, why is it not possible that the so-called Wall of Genghis Khan was built to keep wild gazelle on the land?A) Because Mongol tribes hate gazelle.B) Because gazelle herds are rarely seen in that area.C) Because people would never build an animal fence like that.D) Because gazelle would jump over the fence.7. According to this passage, the walls were very likely built by__________.A) the Han DynastyB) the Mongol tribesC) the Western Xia DynastyD) an unknown tribe8. Compared with the Great wall within China, the newly found wall does not have watchtowers, which could be used to__________ during the wars.9. According to this passage, the reason why the wall is called the Genghis Khan Wall is that__________.10. Weatherford also thinks it is amazing that this section of wall, being such a large human-made structure, is not__________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He got off the bus at the wrong stop.B) He has a good reason to be angry.C) He isn't careful with his belongings.D) He doesn't have an extra umbrella.12. A) She has another meeting.B) She feels the grade is all right.C) She thinks it would be wrong to change the grade.D) She can meet with the student that afternoon.13. A) Make an effort to reach a compromise.B) Finish the first half of the project right away.C) Have the teacher review the project.D) Meet his partner in the middle of town.14. A) To a real estate agency.B) To a car rental agency.C) To a computer store.D) To a music store.15. A) It was designed by modem artists.B) Its best selection is of modem art paints.C) Its merchandise must be carefully sorted through.D) It colors black-and-white prints.16. A) Take her calls.B) Make plans to meet her.C) Write out a list of her calls.D) Telephone her later in the day.17. A) Give her the correct time.B) Use her notes.C) Time the speech.D) Continue revising.18. A) He has climbed the same mountain last year.B) He hasn't traveled around the world yet.C) He definitely does not want to go.D) He's always been looking forward to climbing that mountain. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) By train and by car.B) By plane and by coach.C) By train and by bus.D) By bus and by plane.20. A) Glasses.B) Short hair.C) Moustache.D) Beard.21. A) In the third room on the right.B) In the Common Room.C) In a room at this end.D) In Room 501.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) He drives too fast.B) His radio wakes her children up.C) He plays his guitar too loudly.D) His friends are too noisy.23. A) At midnight.B) In the morning.C) When the neighbors' son leaves for work.D) When the car is turned off.24. A) She doesn't want to make a bad first impression.B) She is afraid of getting too nervous.C) She is afraid they won't listen.D) She knows that they can't do anything about it.25. A) Nancy should call her neighbors to complain.B) Nancy should introduce her children to her neighbors.C) Nancy should ask her neighbors'son to babysit.D) Nancy should bring her neighbors a gift.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Electric cars.B) Increasing fuel efficiency.C) California's pollution laws.D) Automobile safety.27. A) They are cheaper.B) They do not pollute.C) They are simpler to drive.D) They are faster.28. A) It is not comfortable.B) R cannot go long distances without recharging.C) It is difficult to steer.D) Its engine easily overheats.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) To show a videotape on survival in outer space.B) To gain support for the space program.C) To describe her experience on space missions.D) To inform the audience about the space suit.30. A) The lack of air pressure.B) The extremely hot or cold temperature.C) Exposure to radiation.D) An inadequately ventilated space suit.31. A) A videotape.B) A book.C) A picture.D) An oxygen tank.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) It helps the body to digest food.B) It keeps milk fresh.C) It helps the body to absorb calcium.D) It prevents sunburn.33. A) Oranges.B) Milk.C) Tomatoes.D) Bread.34. A) Ten minutes of exercise each day.B) Ultraviolet rays.C) Vitamin supplements.D) Eight hours of sleep each night.35. A) Their bones may become weak.B) They may lose weight.C) They may develop wrinkles.D) They may become allergic to milk.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those (36)__________would rather win the "America's Next Top Model" TV show than the (37) __________Peace Prize. And although 75 percent of women (38) __________said they would be willing to (39) __________their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a (40) __________of those taking part admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.As for that age-old (41) __________of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (42) __________.The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is (43) __________at young women, also found that(44) __________ ."This survey reveals(45) __________,"said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the upcoming new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked"."As shown in several results, (46) __________. This survey highlights the dichotomy ( 对分；二分法) in all of us," Berman said.More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Nearly a third of women are the main breadwinners in their household in Britain, according to a major survey.Researchers said that in many relationships it was no longer assumed that the man would bring in the bigger income，47 in a time of widespread redundancies(裁员)．In a 48 shift in attitudes, four out of ten women said that the career of whichever partner had the highest income would take 49 in the relationship.In one in ten families, a house husband looks after the children and does the 50 while their female partner works full time.Ten percent of women admitted this role 51 had put strains on their relationship and some said it had even led to them 52 company．The Women and Work Survey 2010，commissioned(受……委托)by Grazia magazine，found that almost half of full-time mothers 53 not earning their own money.And two thirds of the mothers among the 2,000 women in the survey said they wanted to keep working in some way after having children.A 54 higher number of those with children under three said they would prefer to work--preferably part-time----rather than stay at home.Victoria Harper of Grazia said,"Women are getting good jobs when they graduate, and working up the career 55 faster than they have ever done."This means that there has to be more 56 between the roles of men and women in a relationship and when they have children.A) precedence I) especiallyB) connection J) partingC) prospect K) oppositeD) slightly L) choresE) ladder M) dislikedF) favored N) fluidityG) plan Ｏ) significantH) reversalSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learnby being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb; whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out; with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out. and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential,they will go out into the world and learn it.57. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?A) By imitating what other people do.B) By making mistakes and having them corrected.C) By listening to explanations from skilled people.D) By asking a great many questions.58. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle areA) not really important skillsB) mort important than other skillsC) basically different from learning adult skillsD) basically the same as learning other skills59. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school shouldA) allow children to learn by himself or herselfB) point out children's mistakes whenever they're foundC) correct children's mistakes as soon as possibleD) give children more book knowledge60. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be.A) the identifier and corrector of their errorsB) their helper and guideC) the person to grade their performance and give feedbacksD) the person to pass on something essential to them61. The title of this passage could probably beA) Let Teachers Stop WorkB) Let Us Make Children LearnC) Let Children Correct Their Own PapersD) Let Children Learn by ThemselvesPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose frown, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once.A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"62. Of he following steps__________ is the one that occurs before the others in makinga decision worksheet.A) listing the consequences of each solutionB) calculating a numerical summary of each solutionC) writing down all possible solutionsD) deciding which consequences are most important63.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one hat__________.A) has the fewest variables to considerB) uses the most decision worksheetsC) has the most points assigned to itD) is agreed to by the greatest number of people64. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of__________.A) describing a processB) classifying different typesC) providing historical backgroundD) explaining a theory65. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.A) neuralB) approvingC) ambiguousD) biased66. The passage mainly discusses __________.A) a tool to assist in making complex decisionsB) a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC) research on how people make decisionsD) differences between making long-range and short-range decisionsPart V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For too many young people today, citizenship is an abstract concept, not a part of their daily lives. By calling on our 67 to help their neighbors, school-based community service teaches an important 68 that being an American 69 both rights and responsibilities. It's at least as important a(n) 70 as mathematics or physics, maybe more.It's a myth, pure and simple, that supporting a mandatory" (义务性的) community service requirement automatically means 71 individual rights. On the contrary, it can be a 72 sign that schools are 73 service and citizenship seriously. My organization 74 to no one in the passionate defense of cherished American 75 and freedom, whether it's freedom of speech, religion, reproductive rights or civil rights. We also 76 just as strongly, however, that the spirit of community 77 the freedom we enjoy.School-based programs can and should be designed to 78 that community spirit, while carefully safeguarding First Amendment protections.To 79 both goals, they must have clear 80 purposes and components. A wide range of service 81 must be provided so that young people aren't forced to participate in activities that make them uncomfortable. This is 82 common sense.The idea of service is 83 new or startling(令人吃惊的). Just look at the warm and overwhelming response 84 disasters like Hurricane Andrew. There's nothing 85 with trying to impart the 86 ethic of helping others to a new generation.67. A) citizensB) teachersC) youthD) family68. A) ideaB) reasonC) exampleD) lesson69. A) requiresB) involvesC) demandsD) consists70. A) achievementB) replacementC) requirementD) advancement71. A) surrenderingB) suspendingC) surveyingD) surviving72. A) markedC) affirmativeB) positiveD) negative73. A) takingB) viewingC) seeingD) thinking74. A) agreesB) failsC) turnsD) yields75. A) responsibilitiesB) dutiesC) fightsD) opinions76. A) suspectB) believe。