2010—2020年考研英语二真题集(含答案)
2010—2019年历年考研英语二真题集含答案2010考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart AText1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within we eks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edwar d Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, D amien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(L ine 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use eve ry day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of i mproving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their im pact on people’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide [B] Crest[C] Colgate [D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent [B] negative[C] positive [D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federaljurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
2010年---2020年考研英语真题(卷二)全部写作示范
2010年---2020年考研英语真题（卷二）全部写作示范作文需要审题，构思，写作三个环节。
如希望得到高分数，避免模板写作（含模板句，模板段落，或模板文章结构），应该学习自己创造，实际上，创造性写作，更能拓展思维，表达更自然，内容更深刻，更容易学习。
2020考研英语（卷二）作文Part A46.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Dear all of the international students,I am Li Ming,writing the email to inform you the touring schedule for Royal Palace of Museum,also with the name of Forbidden City,located in the centre of Beijing.The relic attraction was the palace of two empire Dynasties of Qing and Ming lasting around 500years,as the largest existing ancient royal constructions awarded world cultural heritage, where you can see large collections of precious rare antiques.There you will be immersed in Chinese ancient cultural surroundings.For a better enjoyment,you are advised to take snacks together with bottled water since the historical site is so large that the touring will take us a whole day,and I believe you will be miser to spend time in restaurant because appreciating the site more worthwhile.Remember to take your camera and an umbrella to prevent sunburn.However,mind the areas with the warnings of No Picture.What’s more,take your passport with you for check in.Before the entrance,you can rent digital guide device with diversity of language options,which can automatically narrate every specific scene you approach in details.I will be expecting to see you all at north side corner to the main entrance of Tian-an-men by 8sharp for gathering and departure,when I am raising a blue flag with our school logo.I am looking forward to seeing you there.Yours,Li Ming2020年考研真题英语卷二图表作文48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The pie chart above reveals percentages of categories of study,time killing,surfing for information,and others spent on reading function of smart phone surveyed in some university, among which smart phone reading occupies the largest proportion of59%.The following percentages range from large to small are time killing of20.5%,surfing for information of17%, and others of2%respectively.The survey is satisfactory,since it is necessary to share most of time with study,the most significant mission as graduates.Time killing consumed as the second in the surveyed categories proves that university students encounter pretty high pressure by turning to mobile phone readingfor relief.Since university is the stage for bridging between academic accumulation and profession,it is not surprising for the graduates to spend17%of mobile phone reading on surfing information.They are doing their preparation to fit in career future by absorbing the related message.2%is seemingly minor but it can be assumed that the proportion is spent on communication,proving that the graduates are not very social.2019年考研英语（卷二）作文Part A47.Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Dear Professor Smith,Thank you very much for your trust in me for the task and now I am writing the email to respond your assignment about my proposing the theme and general arrangement for the debate on city traffic.I think we can decide Resolutions to Relieve City Traffic Jam as the theme for the debate. You see,city traffic jam is a great headache and with private cars increasing the problem is more serious.Even the City Council is seeking proposals from citizens on the official website.So we can form a report based on our debate to suggest effective solutions for the city traffic management.Besides,I believe the topic can inspire the passion for deeper debate since it is comparatively convenient for the students to collect relative data,and to investigate references for the debate,since there are so many reliable sources available on the net.For the general procedure,we can arrange group debate and final debate.For group debate, we set such sub-topics as subway transportation,city bus system,reserved shuttle buses,privatecars,and even shared bicycles and taxi,each of which will be debated for a solution to city traffic jam.Those who perform best will be go into final for overall debate.We may arrange the debate on this Friday.If the proposal is approved,I will make a procedure in details for the debate.I am looking forward to your response.(238words)Yours,Li MingPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计The bar chart compares the percentages of graduates of landing employment,furthering education,and launching self-employment business after their university bachelor degree graduation in the year2013and the year2018.Among the three censuses,landing employment occupies the highest,68.1%,60%,in the years2013and2018respectively.Furthering education ranks the second in percentages,26.3%in2013and34%unching self-employment business is the least proportion among the three surveyed items,1.3%in2013and2.6%in2018.The statistics can reveal that seeking for jobs as the most of graduates’choices,proving the work market still can provides a lot of vacancies to graduates.However,the percentage of furthering education is also comparatively large,confirming the fact that the job positions and salaries can not meet content with many graduates,who would rather endeavour for higherdegrees in their majors for job positions in their satisfaction later on.The percentage of graduates going into their own business is small,which is the evidence of potential risks blocking more students to take the option.From the chart,we can see the trend in the years2013and2018based on the investigated items.That the percentage of landing employment in2018is7.4%lower than that in2013,the percentage of furthering education in2018is17.7%higher than that in2013,and the percentage of launching self-employment business doubles1.3%in2013as2.6%in2018obviously inform us that the job market is becoming more competitive,challenging students to turn to other options except employment after university graduation.(262words)2018考研英语（卷二）写作47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1)Apologize and explain the situation,and2)Suggest a future meetingYou should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear Professor Smith,Thank you very much for sparing your precious time to meet me to discuss my research paper,but now I am writing the email to deliver my sincere apology for canceling my travel plan to reach the appointment at14:00,Tuesday.I hope you will understand my situation.I got soar throat this morning and went to doctor’s for a diagnose but I was informed that I was infected with a kind of influenza.The matter is that the doctor warns me that the flu is strongly infectious,strongly suggesting me stopping close physical contact to avoid possible infection of the disease to other people until four days later when I am predicted I will be cured for such a case.So I cannot travel to your city to see you at due time.However,I appreciate my privilege granted to discuss with you on my so important paper,so I would like to change our appointment for the discussion to the following Friday,at14:00,eight days away from now,hoping you are available.I would like to drive there to meet you.I am sorry for any inconvenience caused and I am looking forward to your approval response at your earliest convenience.（205words）Yours faithfully,Li MingPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The pie chart illustrates proportions in percentages of causes of consumers’choosing restaurants ranging from large to small,specific features36.3%,service26.8%,environment 23.8%,price8.4%,others4.7%,surveyed in2017.The chart shows the preference of customers to choosing restaurants.The data provides a kind of direction where restaurants should focus to attract eaters to their service,making more profit.Traditionally thought,delicious foods dominate the success of restaurant.However,The reality proves that restaurant have to do more than that.That tasty is with unique flavor can only occupy36.3%,which lead to restaurants to work harder for more consumers.Another apparent evidence explains customers visiting restaurants are for enjoyment other than eating,since the elements of environment and service together dominate more than half the causes of choosing restaurants,50.6%.From the survey,we can see that consumers do not care much about price,so cosy restaurants with better flavor can earn much money.The percentage4.7%is so minor so the bosses of restaurant can neglect them if involves large investment to improve them.(180words)2017考研英语(卷二）作文Part A51Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students.Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation,and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about100words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear Professor Williams,Thank you very much for giving me the chance of presentation about Chinese culture to international students.I feel so honored and now am busy preparing for it,hoping they will like it.The presentation is intended to be themed with Calligraphy and Chinese Paintings,which I hope will contribute their study in the areas.The sub-title of calligraphy will cover introducing popular styles of handwriting with video and PPT demonstration.And Chinese Painting will focus on illustration of contemporary masters and their great pieces.Besides,I will teach the essential selecting skills of Chinese brush,ink or ink stick,paper,stone ink vessel and the like.So thepresentation will deliver fundamental knowledge of Chinese writing and painting.I would like to hear from your suggestions for alter if there is any necessary.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.(145words)Yours,Li MingPart B52.Directions:Write your essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)Interpret the chart,and2)Give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The line chart illustrates the statistics in numbers of museums and relative visitors in the years of2013,2014,and2015.The trend is very obviously and steadily upward with the numbersof4165museums,637,800,000visitors in2013,4510museums,717,700,000visitors in2014,and 4692museums,781,100,000visitors in2015respectively.We can make inference that the well-being sensation of Chinese people is gradually more intensive with time progress.Based on the survey,we can see the fact that with development of prosperous economy of China,governments construct more museums for cultural entertainment for Chinese people.Meanwhile,the increasing number of museums proves that Chinese people pay more attention to mental enjoyment when essential material needs for survival are well reached.The statistics is significant,providing the following evidence.Economy of the nation is in good stability since Chinese people turn to psychological satisfaction by visiting museums. Cultural civilization is progressing,which is crucial for a modern powerful country,because we can notice that physical satisfaction is not concern to China according to the survey inferred. (178words)2016考研英语(卷二）作文Part A47.Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give your advice.You should write about100words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10point)Dear Jack,Thank you very much for your congratulation email on my lucky being awarded for winning a translation contest.Now I am responding you with my advice on translation between Chinese and English languages.Firstly,researching sentences structures of both Chinese and English is crucial forgrasping the precise meaning of the languages.Meanwhile compare subtle similarities and differences of the languages,so that you can do the translation more smoothly.Secondly,Reading essays of cultures of the languages is necessary for accumulating your knowledge to deeper understanding the languages,especially philosophy information,making your translation reliable. Lastly,you need to enrich your vocabulary.However,do not go fast for this section.When you encounter a word you decide to research,you must turn to many example sentences for sourcing its correct usage to make your wording in translation perfect.That’s all for my general suggestion for your translation and I am looking forward to your great progress in both languages.Yours,Li MingPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.You should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points).The pie chart themed with Survey in a University of Destinations of Student Touring shows that respective percentages of touring destinations,among which appreciating scenery occupies 37%,relieving from pressure ranges as the second place,33%,making more friends takes thefollowing order as9%,developing capacity of independence is6%,and others are15%shown in the chart.The investigation is of significance in the following.It is a pleasure to notice that37%student tourists regard tourism as pure enjoyment.However 33%students are burdened with academic missions,so they need tour as fresh experience to escape temporarily from academic tension.Due to university as bridge to society starting career,it is not surprising to see9%students touring for making more friends.They are in early adult stage, desiring social life.6%is not large proportion but cannot be neglected since independence is very important.The remaining others15%involve in diversity of factors so they are not very typical influential.(164words)2015考研英语(卷二）作文47.Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students.Write a notice to(1)briefly introduce the camp activities,and(2)call for volunteersYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10points)NoticeOur University schedules to launch a15-day Summer Camp starting July25--August8,for entertaining campers of high school students.This is also to inform volunteer recruitment for the camp.After the opening ceremony on the first day,campers will be divided in groups based on camper desire to join one of our university projects:philosophy,literature,biology,chemistry, physics,computer,maths,geography,and archaeology.Campers will be assigned missions for research team.Meanwhile a series of debates,seminars and demonstrations will be arranged.Now the camp committee needs30volunteers in total in the related majors above during the session,assisting daily routine for the camp.All of the university students are welcome to registeras volunteer by filling the form linked on the homepage of our university official website by22:00 June26.Successful application will get our response by July1.We are looking forward to a successful camp.(153words)Office,University48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,your should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The pie chart illustrates expenditures in percentages by residents of a city in China during spring festival holiday.Paying for gifts for Chinese New Year occupies40%of all.The following three investigated items including traffic,gathering for dinner,and others account for very even 20%respectively.The survey proves that spring festival as the most important festival in China is mainly celebrated by social activities.First of all,residents spend the largest fraction for presents, showing that gift-giving is significant when expressing greetings among families members, relatives and friends.20%of expenditures on traffic is in fact comparatively large fraction, meaning that residents definitely travel to outside of their cities for spring festival celebration. Residents would like to spend20%for dinner gathering,showing residents value friendship verymuch.Even though we don’t know the specific spending of the20%of the expenditures,we can infer that it will be mostly spent on entertainment.(157words)2014考研英语（卷二）作文47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student,write him an email to1)Tell him about your living habits,and2)Ask for advice about living thereYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Dear John,I am Li Ming,a Chinese student,having been enrolled to a university in your country.I am very happy to learn that I will share an apartment with you.I hope my following habits will not disturb you.Normally,I get up at six and then prepare breakfast.I go to bed at around22:30.I plan to do supper on weekdays mostly and all the three meals on weekends.I would like to cook Chinese cuisine.My laundry will be scheduled on weekends.Occasionally,my couple of friends visit me for party which will be in the evenings of weekends and I will inform you in advance and invite you for participation.Of course,my schedule can be altered based on our negotiation.Can you do me favor for you to collection information and give some advice for living there?I need mobile phone,wifi service there,and the city transportation payment policy.You are welcome to suggest me about anything I need to follow but failed to mention in the email.I am looking forward to meeting you.(181words)Yours,Li Ming Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The column chart illustrates the population statistics in urban and rural areas in China in the years of1990,2000,and2010respectively.There are sharp increase for urban population in the three survey years:300m,450m,and670m and slow decrease for rural population in the three survey years:820m,800m,and680m.For closer observation,we can see that the total population of China remain very subtle increase,leading us a conclusion that the sharp population increase in urban area is due to immigration from the rural area.So urbanization is the mainstream of the population structure. Urban area can offer much better living environment with much more chances for career,which is great attraction for people in rural area to move to city for settlement.However,the labour in rural area is mainly physical related,much lower rewarding.Thus the population structure can prove it. Besides,we can infer that population control policy is very effective since overall increase is trivial.(162words)2013考研英语(卷二)作文Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help.Write your classmates an email to1)inform them about the details,and2)encourage them to participate.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Dear classmates,I am the organizer for our class charity sale to be held in our class this Saturday afternoon, now writing the email to inform the following arrangement.For assisting the kids of friendship school,I have schemed the procedures of the charity sale based on our decision in our last class meeting.All your donations for auction need to reach our class by11:00AM this Saturday with your intended price on a tag.The auction will start at14:00 and is prospected to last for2hours.All the students of our class are welcome to participate the donation and auction,and the money raised will go into the account of friendship school for reference books to the library.I am looking forward to seeing you all this Saturday.Yours,Li MingPart B48.Directions:write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET(150words).The column chart reveals percentages of university students in grade one,two,three and four respectively who are employed as part-timers.We can see that large fraction of students keep part-time jobs,to be specific,67.77%for grade one,71.13%for grade two,71.93%for grade three, and88.24%for grade four.University is a bridge between academic accumulation and career,which is quite apparent explanation for the large fraction of students working as part-timers.They desire to get internship, preparing for landing their profession.Percentages of students working in grade one,two and three remain pretty stable,to be specific,very trivial increase,showing that the attitude for majority of students to take part time work is very firmed.However,in graduate year,there exists rather sharp increase of16.31%from previous grade three.So there is urgent need for the students to get some work experience,which is fundamental for profession settlement.(153words)2012年考研英语(卷二)作文Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day.Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Zhang Wei"instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear manager,I am your customer who bought an electronic dictionary from an online store manufactured by your company,but unfortunately a week later the screen of the dictionary was blackened for no reason.I believe the matter is so serious that I have to make the complaint to your product.Black screen shows that your product is with fatal design fault instead of accidental cause, which I believe exits in other products of the series.So I am seeking for compensation based on the postage is for your account.In the attachment of the email you may find my account for your consumer department to transfer my money back,together with a copy of certificate which one of your service centres in my city made to prove your product fault.Still,I hope your other products enjoy great reputation but this series does have quality problem.Yours,Zhang Wei48.Direction:Write an essay based on the following table.In your writing,you should1)describe the table,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least150words.You should write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查The table surveys the work satisfaction of staff of a company about satisfaction,uncertainty, and dissatisfaction in age groups in percentages.Staff aged40and under show16.7%,50.0%,and 33.3%in the order of investigated items of satisfaction,uncertainty,and dissatisfaction.Staff aged 41--50express their work satisfaction as0.0%,36.0%and33.3%in the same order above.And Staff aged over50illustrate40.0%,50.0%,and10.0%respectively.We can obviously see that staff aged over50enjoy the most work satisfaction among the three groups,based on which we can conclude that the experienced senior staff are valued in the company.Staff aged41--50are the least satisfied among the three group about their work.I believe this is a dangerous indicator,since this age group are both pretty experienced and energetic and should be most productive.Staff aged40and under are the most energetic and should be very devoted into work since they are in their early stage of their profession,but the percentages are not very encouraging.The company should take some measures to improve working environment to improve work satisfaction.(187words)2011年考研英语（卷二）作文Part A48.Directions:Suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)Give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear Li Ming,I would like to share your happiness for your being admitted to your dream university.I congratulate you on your efforts paying off.I believe your diligence will pave you smooth way to your future ambition.However,I would like to remind you of the following for you to observe so that you can make more achievements.It is suitable for you to live in dormitory on campus but not home stay，to spare more time for attending university activities.You will have so many chances for signing up associations and clubs,but I strongly advise you to register the ones beneficial to your courses in major.You may start to seek for part-timer vacancy or volunteer job which is good for landing your future profession.I am looking forward to your frequent emails.Yours,Zhang WeiPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(15points)The bar chart surveys the market shares of Chinese cars,Japaneses cars and American Cars are26%,35%,and12%respectively in2008,and32%,25%,and13%respectively in2009.Chinese cars,the only one of the three enjoys significant increase from26%in2008to32% in2009,proving the quality,service,and price are reliable or reasonable to Chinese customers.Of course there is possibility for the marketing strategy is more effective that the other two.Japanesecars experienced the only decrease among the three,but still positions as the second place,whose market share is almost twice as American’s.We can see that Chinese cars and Japanese cars are dominating market of China,and Chinese cars are more promising.However,Japanese cars in fact enjoy world fame so it is hard to predict the trend based on the only data of years investigation. American cars are in fact stable in their performance in market share.The figure tells us they need better marketing for car promotion if they want to increase selling in China.(178words)2010年考研英语(卷二)作文Part A47.Directions:You have just come back from the U.S.as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2)Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear friend,I am writing the letter to express my sincere gratitude for your considerate reception to my smooth fulfilling the Sino-American cultural exchange program as one of the members.I could feel the warmth like home upon my arrival at the States and getting out of exit of airport instantly meeting you to pick me up.Besides,the entertainment is of excellence in every detail.Moreover,during the process of the programme,I am so lucky we were on a research team, handling every academic task with your good teamwork,making me harvest a lot.So I can not resist my delight to invite you again to visit China by taking the liberty of writing the letter.I will prepare my helping you very well in China,hoping you a very happy journey in the following summer vacation as we agreed on when I was in the States with you.Please send my regards to your family and I am looking forward to meeting you again in China.(161words)Yours,。
2010年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇由六段文字构成的说明文，简要介绍了甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥地区的首次爆发和随后在全球蔓延传播的情况。
世界卫生组织对这场疾病做出了客观的评价。
在文章最后两个段落里重点讲述了美国在这场疾病中受感染及死亡病例的具体情况和美国联邦政府对此疾病采取的应对措施等。
试题解析The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising__3__in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.【译文】猪流感疾病的爆发起初是在墨西哥发现的，在2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣称此次爆发的疾病是41年以来首次的全球性流行病。
随着澳大利亚的感染病例急剧增加，与此同时，英国、日本智利以及其他地区的感染数量也在增加，日内瓦的流感专家召开了紧急会议，会后，人民对此疾病提高了警惕。
1.[A]criticized批评，指责[B]appointed任命，指定[C]commented评论[D]designated指出，指明【答案】D【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years。
英语二历年真题与答案
英语二历年真题与答案2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I USE of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first deteccted in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on june 11,2009. It is the first wotldwide cpidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert __2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp pise in cases in Australia.and rising __3__in Britain ,japan,Chile and elsewhere.Bur the epiemic is “__4__”in severity. According to Margaret Chan. The organization’s director general,__5__the overwhelming majorty of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and full recovery. Often in the__6__of any medical treatment.The ourbreak came to gobal__7__in lafe April2009.when Mexican authorities noted an unusually latge number of hospitalizations and deaths__8__ healthy adults. As much ofMexico City Shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to__9__in New York City.the southwestem United States and atound the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade__10__warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was__11__flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__tested are the new swine flu. Also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,It has__13__more than one million people,and caused mone than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ___14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began __15__ orders from the atates for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is__16__ ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not __18__ for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other__19__.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups;health care workers,people __20__infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial英语二历年真题与答案18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending o f any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” be cause ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Ca rol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential t o making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. TheTaylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBoth Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft. The 787 and 350 respectively . Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference . But a group of researchers at Stanford University , led by Ilan Kroo , has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo , lies with birds . Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips . a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves . Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different . Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and I as Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions , and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxideoutput). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are , of course , knots to be worked out . One consideration is safety , or at least the perception of it . Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles , and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows , A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the on case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin . There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War ,but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,”he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43. Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other plans.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War Ⅱ, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.Section ⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s sellin g insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, giv e it some time.’”Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security exper ts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s b oard. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likelyto .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive。
考研英语二2010-2020年考研英语真题及解析
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic __1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert __2__ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising __3__ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade__10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the __12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials __14__ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began __15__ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October, 2009, though most of those __17__ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not __18__ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1.[A] criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2.[A] proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3.[A] digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4.[A] moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5.[A] with[B]in[C]from[D]by6.[A] progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7.[A] reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8.[A] over[B]for[C]among[D]to9.[A] stay up[B]crop up[C]fill up[D]cover up10.[A] as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11.[A] excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12.[A] categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13.[A] imparted[B]immersed[C]injected[D]infected14.[A] released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained15.[A] placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16.[A] feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17.[A] prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18.[A] presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced19.[A] problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20.[A] involved in[B]caring for[C]concerned with[D]warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th, 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became dee ply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chie f executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first p aragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The art market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _______.A.auction houses' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be _______A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc withmarriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means ___.A.generating motivationB.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______.A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behavior—habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t f igure out how to change peo ple’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happens automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to make new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deeply rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____.[A]reveal their impact on people’s habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities [C]indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____.[A] perfected art of products [B] automatic behavior creation[C] commercial promotions [D] scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____.[A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______.[A] both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B] defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____.[A] the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C] the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____.[A] they were automatically banned by state laws[B] they fell far short of the required qualifications[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D] they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, ___.[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems [B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and developmentSection III Translation46. Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15points)“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been th rough the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It did n’t go well. “It was a really b ad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll t ur n the corner, give it some time.’”Section IV Writing47. Directions:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchangeprogram. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead。
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。
而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
2010年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇由六段文字构成的说明文，简要介绍了甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥地区的首次爆发和随后在全球蔓延传播的情况。
世界卫生组织对这场疾病做出了客观的评价。
在文章最后两个段落里重点讲述了美国在这场疾病中受感染及死亡病例的具体情况和美国联邦政府对此疾病采取的应对措施等。
试题解析The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising__3__in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.【译文】猪流感疾病的爆发起初是在墨西哥发现的，在2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣称此次爆发的疾病是41年以来首次的全球性流行病。
随着澳大利亚的感染病例急剧增加，与此同时，英国、日本智利以及其他地区的感染数量也在增加，日内瓦的流感专家召开了紧急会议，会后，人民对此疾病提高了警惕。
1.[A]criticized批评，指责[B]appointed任命，指定[C]commented评论[D]designated指出，指明【答案】D【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years。
2010考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2010考研英语（二）真题及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first deteccted in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on june 11,2009. It is the first wotldwide cpidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert __2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp pise in cases in Australia.and rising __3__in Britain ,japan,Chile and elsewhere.Bur the epiemic is “__4__”in severity. According to Margaret Chan. The organization’s director general,__5__the overwhelming majorty of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and full recovery. Often in the__6__of any medical treatment.The ourbreak came to gobal__7__in lafe April2009.when Mexican authorities noted an unusually latge number of hospitalizations and deaths__8__ healthy adults. As much ofMexico City Shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to__9__in New York City.the southwestem United States and atound the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade__10__warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was__11__flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__tested are the new swine flu. Also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,It has__13__more than one million people,and caused mone than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ___14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began __15__ orders from the atates for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is__16__ ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not __18__ for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other__19__.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups;health care workers,people __20__infants and healthy young people.1.[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2.[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3.[A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4.[A]Moderatre [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5.[A]With [B]in [C]from [D]by6.[A]Progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7.[A]Reality [B]phenomenon [C]cincept [D]notice8.[A]Over [B]for [C]among [D]to9.[A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10.[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11.[A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12.[A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13.[A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14.[A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved[D]remained15.[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16.[A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17.[A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18.[A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19.[A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20.[A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with[D]warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm-double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector-for Chinese contemporary art-they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.rapid deve lopme nt of the market economy environme nt to expl ore publi c servants ' duty consumpti on monetizati on reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear servi ce work has been la unche d, and rapi d progre ss in some pl aces a nd departme nts, duty consumption monetiza tion of carrier a nd a ppr oach to manageme nt has bee n resolve d. Thir d, in re cent years, explori ng the monetizati on of duty consumption ha s made some progress, have gai ned some experi ence and ca n provi de reference to the compre he nsive reform of the system of publi c serva nts ' duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n "honest ca nteen", sta ndar dize official e ntertaini ng manageme nt; enhancing t he telecommuni cation expe nse manag ement; elimi nation of County travel and countrysi de subsi dies; research "village official s" capitalizati on ma nagement of corporate spe ndi ng, a nd so on. Finally, gr oup ...18 session to be hel d in Beiji ng from Novem ber 9, 2013 to 12t h. 35 years ag o blew t he third ple nary session of the reform and openi ng up i n the spring breeze, cha nged, affect the w orld; toda y, 35 years late r, in t he eyes of the nation and t he w orld expe ct, again t o reform mark China, ushered i n the 18 sessi on. XI General Se cretary poi nted out that China's reform has e ntered a cr ucial period and the S ham Shui Po Distri ct, must be base d on greater pol itical courage a nd wi sdom, lose no time i n dee peni ng reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares t o question the Rapi ds, which dares t o break the barrier of ideas, a nd dare to be nefit cure barriers. Deepeni ng reform and ope ning up is on sche dul e to achieve institutional safeguar ds of the m oderately well-off. Under the "five in one" the Ge neral layout of socialist modernizati on re quireme nts, 18 sessi on of the de cisi on was a "five in one" and the improveme nt of overall scheme of reform, will promote a n integrated andcoor dinate d economic, politica l, cultural, social a nd e col ogical civilizati on construction of the five reforms and t he party's construction in the area of instituti onal reform. The "five in one" programme is to achieve a compre hensive reform of instituti onal g uarantees for obje ctives of buil d a well-off society, the smooth progress of the constr ucti on of a well-off society and reform the objective s of the pr ogramme. One, hol ding time a nd place importance on November 9, 2013 to t he 18 se ssi on of the 12th Beiji ng since 1978, 35, hav e bee n 7 ple nary se ssion, ea ch time on major issues of political a nd e conomi c life of the country ha s made important deployme nt. In accorda nce with PRC politi cal pra ctice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a ple nary session was held immediately after the party's Congress, on t he theme "per sonnel", discussing ele ction Ce ntral's top leader s, such a s the ele ction of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, t hroug h the CentralCommittee members, deci sions, such as members of the Ce ntral Military Commission. The second ple nary se ssion, is held i n two se ssi ons before the ge neral ele ction, mainly to discuss a new State personnel i ssues. But by t he thir凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！lenary sessi on, ea ch sessi on of the Ce ntral Committee of nati onal i nstituti ons a nd personnel problems have bee n arrange d, you can conce ntrate on national devel opme nt and reforms. Previous pl enary se ssi on is often brande d with a central leadi ng collective, often by l ooki ng at the third plenum of the i nitiative to found the current ce ntral leader shi p coll ective gover nance characteri stics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in Chi na, pl enary se ssi on, 12 session, 14, 16 ple nary session have pr ogrammatic meaning, respectivel y, marking the f our stages of China's economic reform, a nd that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase a nd perfecting t he Socialist market economy framework stage of sociali st market economy. Previous ple nary session topi cs propose d to the t hird pl enary se ssi on of "taking cla ss str uggle as the key li nk," shi fted to socia list modernizati on; 12 session marked the chang e from rural to urba n, esta blished wit h publi owner shi p as the Foundation of a pla nne d commodity economy; 13 session at a time whe n bot h the old and the new system cha nge, governance and rectify the e conomic order; 14 ... Fair and efficient a nd a uthoritative Sociali st judicial system, safeguard the pe ople's interests. Legal authority to uphol d the Constitution, deepe ning t he reform of administrative law e nforceme nt, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power i ndepe nde ntly and impartially accor ding to law t he pr ose cution, perfecting the running me cha nism of judicial pow er, impr ove the system of judi cial prote ction of huma n right s. Pl enary sessi on, Affairs the right to a dher e to the system, a nd let the pe ople a uthority to let the power r un in t he Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power poli cy. Deci sion Scie nce, im plementation should be constructed str ong, supervise the running of pow erful system, i mprove the system of puni shi ng and preventi ng corrupti on, promoti ng political integrit y, and strive to a chieve cadres ' hone st and Gover nment integrit y, clea n politics. To form a scientific a nd effective coor dinati on of power restri ction and mecha nisms t o strengthen anti-corruption instituti onal innovation and instituti onal prote ction, sound improveme nt style normal system. Ple nary session, buil ding a sociali st cult ure in Chi na, enhancing national cultural soft powe r, must a dhere t o the ori entation of advanced S ociali st cult ure, a dhere t o the dev elopment of Socialist culture wit h Chinese characteristi cs, a dhere t o the people-centre d work-orie nted, further dee peni ng reform of cult ure. o improve the cult ural management sy stem, establish and improve t he modern market system and buildi ng moder n publi c cultural servi ce system, impr ove the level of cult ure openi ng. Ple nary se ssion, a chievi ng devel opme nt results more equitable benefit of all people, we must spee d up reform of social programs a nd solve the i ssue s of concern to the pe ople t he most direct and real interest, and better meetthe nee ds of the people. To deepe n educati on reform, improve i nstituti onal me cha nisms for the凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，The three Ds-death, debt and divorce-still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for theirrapid deve lopme nt of the market economy environme nt to expl ore publi c servants ' duty consumpti on monetizati on reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear servi ce work has been la unche d, and rapi d progre ss in some pl aces a nd depart me nts, duty consumption monetiza tion of carrier a nd a ppr oach to manageme nt has bee n resolve d. Thir d, in re cent years, explori ng the monetizati on of duty consumption ha s made some progress, have gai ned some experi ence and ca n provi de reference to the compre he nsive reform of the system of publi c serva nts ' duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n "honest ca nteen", sta ndar dize official e ntertaini ng manageme nt; enhancing t he telecommuni cation expe nse manag ement; elimi nation of County travel and countrysi de subsi dies; research "village official s" capitalizati on ma nagement of corporate spe ndi ng, a nd so on. Finally, gr oup ...18 session to be hel d i n Beijing from Novem ber 9, 2013 t o 12t h. 35 years ago blew the t hird plenary session of the reform and openi ng up i n the spri ng bree ze, cha nged, affect t he w orld; t oda y, 35 ye ars later, in t he eyes of the nation and the worl d expect, agai n to ref orm mark Chi na, ushe red in t he 18 session. XI Ge neral Se cretary pointe d out that China's reform ha s entere d a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po Di strict, must be base d on greater politi cal courage a nd wisdom, l ose no time in deepeni ng reform in im portant fiel ds. Dares t o cra ck a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, whi ch dares t o break t he barrier of i deas, and dare t o benef it cure barriers. Deepeni ng reform and openi ng up is on sche dule t o achieve i nstituti onal safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the "five in one" the General lay out of socialist m oder nization requirement s, 18 session of the de cisi on w as a "five in one" and the im provement of overall scheme of reform, wil l prom ote an integrated a ndcoor dinate d economic, politi cal, cultural, social a nd e col ogical civilization construction of the five reforms and the party's constr ucti on i n the are a of instit utional reform. The "five in one" programme is to a chi eve a compre hensive reform of instit utional guara ntees for obje ctives of buil d a well-off societ y, the smoot h pr ogress of the constructi on of a well-off society and reform the obje ctives of the pr ogramme. One, holdi ng time and pla ce importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 se ssi on of the 12t h Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 ple nary se ssion, ea ch time on major issue s of political a nd economic life of the country has made importa nt de ployment. In a ccorda nce with PRC political practi ce, ofte n at every session of the CPC Ce ntral Committee in a plenary sessi on was held immediately after the party's Congress, on the theme "personnel", di scussi ng ele ction Central's top lea ders, such as t he el ection of the Standing Committee of the politi cal Burea u, through t he Central Committee members, deci sions, such as members of the Ce ntral Military Commission. The second ple nary se ssion, is held i n two se ssi ons before the ge neral ele ction, mainly to discuss a new State personnel i ssues. But by t he thirddivorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focuson ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits - among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.rapid deve lopme nt of the market economy environme nt to expl ore publi c servants ' duty consumpti on monetizati on reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear servi ce work has been la unche d, and rapi d progre ss in some pl aces a nd departme nts, duty consumption monetiza tion of carrier a nd a ppr oach to manageme nt has bee n resolve d. Thir d, in re cent years, explori ng the monetizati on of duty consumption ha s made some progress, have gai ned some experi ence and ca n provi de reference to the compre he nsive reform of the system of publi c serva nts ' duty consumpt ion further. Impl ementing a n "honest ca nteen", sta ndar dize official e ntertaini ng manageme nt; enhancing t he telecommuni cation expe nse manag ement; elimi nation of County travel and countrysi de subsi dies; research "village official s" capitalizati on ma nagement of corporate spe ndi ng, a nd so on. Finally, gr oup ...18 session to be hel d in Beiji ng from Novem ber 9, 2013 to 12t h. 35 years ag o blew t he third ple nary session of the reform and openi ng up i n the spring breeze, cha nged, affect the w orld; toda y, 35 years late r, in t he eyes of the nation and t he w orld expe ct, again t o reform mark China, ushered i n the 18 sessi on. XI General Se cretary poi nted out that China's reform has e ntered a cr ucial period and the S ham Shui Po Distri ct, must be base d on greater pol itical courage a nd wi sdom, lose no time i n dee peni ng reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares t o question the Rapi ds, which dares t o break the barrier of ideas, a nd dare to be nefit cure barriers. Deepeni ng reform and ope ning up is on sche dul e to achieve institutional safeguar ds of the m oderately well-off. Under the "five in one" the Ge neral layout of socialist modernizati on re quireme nts, 18 sessi on of the de cisi on was a "five in one" and the improveme nt of overall scheme of reform, will promote a n integrated andcoor dinate d economic, politica l, cultural, social a nd e col ogical civilizati on construction of the five reforms and t he party's construction in the area of instituti onal reform. The "five in one" programme is to achieve a compre hensive reform of instituti onal g uarantees for obje ctives of buil d a well-off society, the smooth progress of the constr ucti on of a well-off society and reform the objective s of the pr ogramme. One, hol ding time a nd place importance on November 9, 2013 to t he 18 se ssi on of the 12th Beiji ng since 1978, 35, hav e bee n 7 ple nary se ssion, ea ch time on major issues of political a nd e conomi c life of the country ha s made important deployme nt. In accorda nce with PRC politi cal pra ctice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a ple nary session was held immediately after the party's Congress, on t he theme "per sonnel", discussing ele ction Ce ntral's top leader s, such a s the ele ction of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, t hroug h the CentralCommittee members, deci sions, such as members of the Ce ntral Military Commission. The second ple nary se ssion, is held i n two se ssi ons before the ge neral ele ction, mainly to discuss a new State personnel i ssues. But by t he thir凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！lenary sessi on, ea ch sessi on of the Ce ntral Committee of nati onal i nstituti ons a nd personnel problems have bee n arrange d, you can conce ntrate on national devel opme nt and reforms. Previous pl enary se ssi on is often brande d with a central leadi ng collective, often by l ooki ng at the third plenum of the i nitiative to found the current ce ntral leader shi p coll ective gover nance characteri stics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in Chi na, pl enary se ssi on, 12 session, 14, 16 ple nary session have pr ogrammatic meaning, respectivel y, marking the f our stages of China's economic reform, a nd that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase a nd perfecting t he Socialist market economy framework stage of sociali st market economy. Previous ple nary session topi cs propose d to the t hird pl enary se ssi on of "taking cla ss str uggle as the key li nk," shi fted to socia list modernizati on; 12 session marked the chang e from rural to urba n, esta blished wit h publi owner shi p as the Foundation of a pla nne d commodity economy; 13 session at a time whe n bot h the old and the new system cha nge, governance and rectify the e conomic order; 14 ... Fair and efficient a nd a uthoritative Sociali st judicial system, safeguard the pe ople's interests. Legal authority to uphol d the Constitution, deepe ning t he reform of administrative law e nforceme nt, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power i ndepe nde ntly and impartially accor ding to law t he pr ose cution, perfecting the running me cha nism of judicial pow er, impr ove the system of judi cial prote ction of huma n right s. Pl enary sessi on, Affairs the right to a dher e to the system, a nd let the pe ople a uthority to let the power r un in t he Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power poli cy. Deci sion Scie nce, im plementation should be constructed str ong, supervise the running of pow erful system, i mprove the system of puni shi ng and preventi ng corrupti on, promoti ng political integrit y, and strive to a chieve cadres ' hone st and Gover nment integrit y, clea n politics. To form a scientific a nd effective coor dinati on of power restri ction and mecha nisms t o strengthen anti-corruption instituti onal innovation and instituti onal prote ction, sound improveme nt style normal system. Ple nary session, buil ding a sociali st cult ure in Chi na, enhancing national cultural soft powe r, must a dhere t o the ori entation of advanced S ociali st cult ure, a dhere t o the dev elopment of Socialist culture wit h Chinese characteristi cs, a dhere t o the people-centre d work-orie nted, further dee peni ng reform of cult ure. o improve the cult ural management sy stem, establish and improve t he modern market system and buildi ng moder n publi c cultural servi ce system, impr ove the level of cult ure openi ng. Ple nary se ssion, a chievi ng devel opme nt results more equitable benefit of all people, we must spee d up reform of social programs a nd solve the i ssue s of concern to the pe ople t he most direct and real interest, and better meetthe nee ds of the people. To deepe n educati on reform, improve i nstituti onal me cha nisms for the凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever - had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day - chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins - are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest。
2010年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇由六段文字构成的说明文，简要介绍了甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥地区的首次爆发和随后在全球蔓延传播的情况。
世界卫生组织对这场疾病做出了客观的评价。
在文章最后两个段落里重点讲述了美国在这场疾病中受感染及死亡病例的具体情况和美国联邦政府对此疾病采取的应对措施等。
试题解析The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising__3__in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.【译文】猪流感疾病的爆发起初是在墨西哥发现的，在2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣称此次爆发的疾病是41年以来首次的全球性流行病。
随着澳大利亚的感染病例急剧增加，与此同时，英国、日本智利以及其他地区的感染数量也在增加，日内瓦的流感专家召开了紧急会议，会后，人民对此疾病提高了警惕。
1.[A]criticized批评，指责[B]appointed任命，指定[C]commented评论[D]designated指出，指明【答案】D【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years。
2010-2020年考研英语二真题答案(一键打印版)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: DCBAA6 - 10: BDCBA11-15: CDDAC16-20: BDCABSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: DABCC26-30: ACBDB31-35: AADCB36-40: DACBD41-45: FTFTFSection III :Translation (15 Points)最近，“承受力”已成为一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，它却有着特殊的含义。
他曾经历过一段难以承受的痛苦生活，因此他很清楚，旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过日常行为和抉择才能得到体现。
Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末销售保险的那一年，那是令人感到困惑的一年。
他经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭，由于急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder 代理公司签了约。
但情况并不顺利。
“这一步的确是糟糕的一步，因为我对那份工作没有热情。
”Ning与。
正如所料，在工作上的困境表现为缺乏销量。
“我很痛苦。
我如此焦虑，以至于会在半夜醒来，然后盯着天花板。
我身无分文，我需要这份工作。
大家都说：‘等等吧，会有转机的，再给一段时间吧。
’”2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: ACBDD6 - 10: BACCB11-15: DBACA16-20: ADACDSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: BDCAB26-30: DBCAA31-35: CDCDB36-40: BCBAD41-45: EDCBGSection III :Translation (15 Points)在全球范围内，信息技术行业所产生的温室气体与航空业所产生的量相同，约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%。
考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析
2010年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade __10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials __14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off SectionSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that foll owed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para. 3), the author suggeststhat_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The art market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing Impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27. Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private ind ustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corpora tions could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33. which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as up wash. Other birds flying in the up wash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft couldbe separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, A merica’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2)Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2010年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1 [D]2 [C]3 [B]4 [A]5 [A]6 [B]7 [D]8 [C]9 [B] 10 [A]11[C] 12 [D] 13 [D] 14 [A] 15 [C] 16 [B] 17 [D] 18 [C] 19 [A] 20 [B]Section II Reading Comprehension21 D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。