情态动词归纳

情态动词归纳can:1) 表示现在做某件具体事情的“能力”I can climb this cliff..2) 可泛指现在一般的“能力”He can drive a car.3) 表示将来做某件事情的“能力”。

Can you go shopping tomorrow?4) can表示“可能”多用于否定句和疑问句Where can he be? It can’t be true.5) can’t 在书面语中表示“不可能”6) can 用于肯定陈述句中指逻辑上的“可能性”Mr. Reed is in poor health. He can be ill at any time.7) can + 不定时完成体可表示过去的“可能”He can’t have been hurt.8) 口语中多用can表示“许可”Can I smoke in here?9) 表示给予“许可”Could I use your pen? Yes, of course you can.10) can’t可表示“不许”Can I go out for a minute? No, you can’t.could:1) 肯定句中，could只表示过去的一般“能力”He could play the piano when he was only six.2) 否定句中，无论表示过去的一般“能力”，或者过去做某事的“能力”，都可以用could He couldn’t play the piano when he was at school.He got so dru nk that he couldn’t find the front door.3) 表示现在的“可能”could 比can更婉转She can’t/ couldn’t love him.4) 无论肯定，否定，疑问句，could 都可以表示“可能”If you don’t have a guide, you could lose your way.It couldn’t be true. Could the news be true?5) could+ 不定式完成体可表示过去的可能She could have missed the train.6) could + 不定式完成体可表示本来可能发生却没发生，本来可能完成却没完成的动作I could have reported you.be able to:1) 表示现在做某件具体事情的“能力”2) 可泛指现在一般的“能力”3) 表示将来的“能力”，用will/shall be able toI’ll be able to speak German in another two months.4) 肯定句中，表示过去做某件事的“能力”，可用was/were able to, managed toHe was able to translate the article without a dictionary.5) 否定句中，无论表示过去的一般“能力”，或者过去做某事的“能力”，都可以用was/were able toHe wasn’t able to play the piano when I was at school.He got so drunk that he wasn’t able to find the front door.may:1) 可以表示现在的“可能”，He may be still waiting at the door.2) 可以表示将来的“可能”He may leave tomorrow.3) 不用于疑问句中表“可能”4) may not 在书面语中不被用于表示“不可能”5) 用于肯定陈述句中指事实上的“可能性”Mr. Reed looks pale. He may be ill.6) may+ 不定时完成体/不定时完成进行体可表示过去的“可能”He may have been hurt.She may have been expressing her true feelings at that moment.7) 表“许可”时比can/could较为正式8) 表示给予“许可”Might I trouble you for a light? You may indeed.9) may not 可表示根据一般规定的“不许可”，而非说话人不许可May I use your car for a few days? No, you may not.might:1) 在口气上might比may更婉转，更不肯定，2) 可以表示现在的“可能”，He might not live near the threatre.3) 可以表示将来的“可能”He might leave tomorrow.4) might+ 不定时完成体/不定时完成进行体可表示过去的“可能”She might have missed the train.She might have been expressing her true feelings at that moment.5) might + 不定时完成体可表示本来可能发生却没发生，本来可能完成却没完成的动作You might have finished the work last week.6) 表“许可”时比can/could较为正式will1) will在特定语境中可表示“义务”，常用于第二人称主语，是强化的祈使句You will wait outside the gate. 你必须。

2) 可用于一切人称表将来3) 在非正式语体中，will更常用于第一人称主语表将来，尤其常用于will/shall的缩略’ll I’ll book a table at Francesco’s.4) 表“推测”，口气的肯定程度仅次于mustThey will be home by now.5) will 可表示对特定事态的推测；Ther e’s someone coming upstairs. That will be Mary.6) 可表示对某些习惯性事态的推测, 指现在习惯A lion will attack a man only when hungry.7) 对不受时限的客观过程的“推测”，只用will，表示现在时间，可与一般现在时的类似用法交替用Oil will float on water.8) will表示“意愿”，可用于一切人称的主语，不用重读且可用缩写’ll, 等同于be willing to I’ll lend you the money if you need it.9) 用于第二三人称主语疑问句，是询问别人是否愿意做某事，不重读10) 用于第二人称主语请求句，为缓和可能的命令语气，可在will you后面加礼貌词Will you kindly help me with the luggage?11) 表示接受“请求”时，用willWould you lend me your pen a minute? Certainly, I will.12) 表示“不愿意”，用will not/won’tI will not do anything solely for money.13) will表“意图“可用于一切人称，可用’llI’ll get some drinks. What’ll you have?14) will表“决心”或“坚持”，可用于一切人称的主语，要重读，不缩写I will take the job and no one is going to stop me.would:1) 表“推测”，口气肯定程度次于will2) 在表示对特定事态的“推测”，口气不够肯定，仍指现在时间Who’s that man? That would be George, I expect.3) would可指“过去习惯”，且只能与动态动词连用，且通常用于正式语体Before his retirement he would catch the early bus every morning.4) 用于第二人称主语请求句，为缓和可能含有的命令语气，可用Would you please, Would you be good enough to, Would you like to, Would you be so kind as toWould you kindly drive me home?5) 表示过去的“意愿”或过去“不愿意”做某事，用would和would not/wouldn’t, 常用于间接引语和过去时间语境中I asked him if he would help me with my writing.When I was at college, I wouldn’t read any books solely for pleasure.6) 表示过去的“意图”或用在“间接引语”中，用wouldHe would see her the next day, so he didn’t write to her.He said he wouldn’t have any cold drinks.7) 表示过去的“决心”，即过去坚持做某事，She would marry him in spite of my warning that it was unwise.8) would可用于委婉的陈述，客气的请求，委婉的建议I don’t think he would be so careless.Would you like to stay here for the night?It wouldn’t be a bad idea for us to hold two separate meetings for the two problems.shall:1) 除了英格兰，shall表将来已完全被will取代，shall用于第一人称主语I/We shall，可以表示“意图”和“决心”，表示征求对方意见I shall never do that again.Shall I help you?2) 表“意愿”时多适用于二三人称主语，所表“意愿”指的是说话人的“意愿”You shall stay with us as long as you like.3) 用于疑问句中表“意愿”，是指征询听话人的意愿Shall you take a holiday this summer?4) shall表示“意图”，常用于二三人称主语后，表说话人的意图，You shall get a promotion.5) 用于疑问句中表意图是征询听话人的意见或意图Shall I carry the suitcase for you?6) 美语中，shall做“预见，意愿，意图”解都被will替代，在征询听话人意图的疑问句中，还常被should替代Should I turn off the light?7) 表”决心”主要用于二三人称主语，表说话人强烈的“意志”和“决心”，You shall obey my orders.8) 其否定形式shall not/shan’t表说话人“禁止”或“威胁”You shan’t get away with it.should1) 表示“应该”，带有表示“劝说”和“敦促”意味, 口气比较肯定，主观信心更强We should learn from the model workers.2) should+不定式完成体可表示本来应该做某事却没有做；本来不该做却做了You should have asked my permission first.3) 表示强烈敦促和劝说时，用should 不用ought toYou should mind your own business.4) should表示“必然”，指说话人根据一定情况做出推测，推断She should be here in a minute.5) 可在某些语境中表示惋惜，忧虑，欢欣，惊讶等“感情色彩”，可用于某些that-分句，某些惯用的疑问句和感叹句；It’s a pity that he should leave so soon.How should I know?That he should dare to attack me!6) 可用于某些语境中且与be-型虚拟交替使用；I insisted that he go/should go with me.7) 可与say, think搭配表婉转口气I should say he is just the right man for the job.ought to1) 表示“应该”，带有表示“劝说”和“敦促”意味You ought to drink less.2) 口气上比should不那么坚定3) ought +不定式完成体可表示本来应该做某事却没有做；本来不该做却做了You oughtn’t to have been resting at that time of day.4) ought表示“必然”，指说话人根据一定情况做出推测，推断These young trees ought to provide shade in ten years.5) ought to 表示“推断”时口气比must弱且婉转，否定形式是oughtn’t to, 含义比must的否定形式can’t 来的婉转Mary Blake ought to be home by now.You oughtn’t to have any difficulty getting the tickets.must1) 口气比should 强，表示敦促，命令，意味着说话人是权威一方You must be back by ten o’clock.2) 表示现在的“必须”, 口气最为肯定，多用于肯定陈述句We must do it again.3) 表示将来的”必须”用will/shall have toWe’ll have t o do it again.4) 表示过去的“必须”用had toI had to leave at six yesterday.5) 有两个否定形式：1. must not/mustn’t , 表示”不许”，”禁止”，相应的半助动词是be not to，过去时均为weren’t to You mustn’t talk like that. You are not to talk like that.You weren’t to talk like that.2. need not/needn’t, 表示”不必”，与其相当的动词形式是don’t need to/don’t have to/ haven’t got to, 过去时形式为didn’t need to, didn’t have toMust you leave so soon? No I needn’t.You needn’t/ don’t need to/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to do it at once.You didn’t need to/didn’t have to do it at o nce.6) must表示必须侧重于说话人的”意志”He must say it in English.= I want him to do so.7) “推测”过去的事态，用must+不定时完成式,You must have left your bag in the theatre.8) 表示”推测”的时候否定式为can’tHe can’t have been to your home. He doesn’t know your address.9) 可用于询问对方是否”需要”，”必须”做某事，答语否定，用needn’t或don’t have to, 不用mustn’tMust I see a doctor at once? No, you needn’t/don’t have to see a doctor for the time being.have to1) 表示将来的”必须”You’ll have to do it again.2) 表示过去的”必须”用had toI had to leave at six yesterday.3) have to 表示必须侧重客观的需要He has to move the table himself.=He’s got no one to help him.need1) 可作情态助动词，用于否定句和疑问句，做”必须”，”需要”解，可用于询问对方是否”需要”，”必须”做某事He needn’t worry about it.Need I collect the parcel myself?2) 作情态助动词提问，答语肯定是，用must;Need we work late today? No, but we must tomorrow.答语否定，用needn’t或don’t have toNeed I tell her at once? No, you needn’t/don’t have to tell her just yet.3) needn’t +不定式完成体表示过去本来不必做某事却做了You needn’t have bought that house.4) didn’t need to 表示没有必要做某事，needn’t have+-ed 表示本来不必去却在过去某时去了I didn’t need to go to the station. 没有必要而不曾前往I needn’t have gone to the station. 本无必要却在过去某时去了车站dare1) 作为情态助动词表”胆敢”，多用于否定陈述句和疑问句，I dare not go there.How dare he say such rude things about me?2) 但I dare say这一惯用语除外，且可写成I daresayI dare say you are right.3) dare可指现在时间和过去时间4) 可用作主动词，常用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句，其后不定式可带to, 也可不带to，She didn’t dare (to) say anything about it.Does she dare (to) go there alone?5) dare 的否定形式daren’t可指过去时间Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.6) dared通常只用于文学语言且真实的语体，且用于否定意义Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground.used to1) 只有过去时形式，无现在时形式，表示过去”习惯动作或状态”，表示这种状况现在已经不复存在He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.2)否定形式是usedn’t toHe used to live in Shanghai, usedn’t he?3) 在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或者usedn’t to 都可以He didn’t use to/usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre?Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre?4)肯定疑问句中可有两种形式Used you to go the same school as Tom?Did you use to go to the same school as Tom?5) 可与动态动词或静态动词连用6) 可用于正式或非正式语体。