定语从句的翻译方法与技巧精品PPT课件
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专业英语中定语从句的翻译精品PPT课件
• We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged. 在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委 员会的工作应该受到鼓励。
（二）省略先行词
• 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句 中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻 译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可 以用代词代替先行词来重复。
China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.
短语定语在英语中采用的是后置，而汉语中 就需要前置。英语中可以用作定语的短语有介词 短语、形容词短语、分词短语和动词不定式。
从句定语主要涉及到限制性定语从句和非限制 性定语从句两类。由于从句定语的翻译跟定语从 句的翻译非常相似，我们就放在一起讲解。
英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非 限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一 般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
• Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
• Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的 主要原因。
• This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity. 就在这期间，牛顿开始了一项研究。经 过这项研究，他创立了著名的重力理论。
（二）省略先行词
• 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句 中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻 译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可 以用代词代替先行词来重复。
China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.
短语定语在英语中采用的是后置，而汉语中 就需要前置。英语中可以用作定语的短语有介词 短语、形容词短语、分词短语和动词不定式。
从句定语主要涉及到限制性定语从句和非限制 性定语从句两类。由于从句定语的翻译跟定语从 句的翻译非常相似，我们就放在一起讲解。
英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非 限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一 般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
• Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
• Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的 主要原因。
• This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity. 就在这期间，牛顿开始了一项研究。经 过这项研究，他创立了著名的重力理论。
定语从句讲解.ppt经典实用
非限制性定语从句
Please compare:
Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.
in the way =that
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 •定语从句讲解.ppt
几种易混的情况
1.I’ll never forget the days__w_h_e_n__/_in__w_h_i_c_hwe worked toget
2.I’ll never forget the days ___w_h__ic_h____ we spent together.
关系代词在从句中可以：
指人 指物 主语 宾hich ×
√
√
√
who √
×
√
√
whom √
×
×
√
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
•定语从句讲解.ppt
关系代词的用法练习
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
This is the same pen that I lost.
这本书就是我丢的那本。
•定语从句讲解.ppt
as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)
Please complete the following sentences and compare:
定语从句讲解公开课22张ppt经典实用
二 定语从句 1. 含义
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词 之后。
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
修饰girl
This is the classroom where we study.
修饰classroom •定语从句讲解公开课(22张ppt)
which：指物，作主语或宾语 The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker. The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
who：指人，作主语；whom：指人，做宾语 Who’s the boy that is reading a book? Can you show me the photo that you like best?
that：指人或物，作主语或宾语 I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. The house whose windows are closed is mine.
whose：指人或•定物语从，句讲做解公定开课语(22张ppt)
做题技巧： 1. 确定定语从句 2.看先行词是指人还是指物 3. 确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分 4. 确定关系代词
5. The factory _th_a_t__ makes computers is far away from here. Which/
6. He likes to read books _t_h_a_t__ are written by Shakespeare.
7. This is the pen _W__h_i_c_h_/ he bought yesterday. that•定语从句讲解公开课(22张ppt)
《定语从句的翻译》PPT课件
4. The reason why he failed is still obscure. 5. The people who worked for him lived in
mortal fear of him. 6. He liked his sister, who was warm andFra bibliotek课堂练习
1. Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it every year.
2. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable.
3. Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare I have longed for.
It was he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
His laughter， which was infectious， broke the silence.
课堂练习
1. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying.
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
mortal fear of him. 6. He liked his sister, who was warm andFra bibliotek课堂练习
1. Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it every year.
2. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable.
3. Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare I have longed for.
It was he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
His laughter， which was infectious， broke the silence.
课堂练习
1. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying.
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
定语从句的翻译课件
眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光。（省略）
They went to Mr. Chang, who gave them a hearty welcome.
他们去看张先生，张先生热诚地欢迎他们。
I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting.
Those who do not wish to go need not go.
凡是不愿意去的人就不必去。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
She had been too proud to admit the emotion (情感) which her heart felt.
我遇到了一个问题。当我就要
出席会议时，这个问题越发明
显。
（独立句）
同处理限制性定语从句的转换法一致，这 种译法同样适合非限制性定语从句。
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
另一种理论认为该地区的地形 是造成船只和飞机失踪的罪魁祸 பைடு நூலகம்。
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
Many people have found these explanations difficult to believe.
They went to Mr. Chang, who gave them a hearty welcome.
他们去看张先生，张先生热诚地欢迎他们。
I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting.
Those who do not wish to go need not go.
凡是不愿意去的人就不必去。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
She had been too proud to admit the emotion (情感) which her heart felt.
我遇到了一个问题。当我就要
出席会议时，这个问题越发明
显。
（独立句）
同处理限制性定语从句的转换法一致，这 种译法同样适合非限制性定语从句。
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
另一种理论认为该地区的地形 是造成船只和飞机失踪的罪魁祸 பைடு நூலகம்。
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
Many people have found these explanations difficult to believe.
Unit11英语定语从句翻译PPT课件
总结词：直译法
详细描述：直译法是指将英文定语从句按照原文的句式和结 构进行翻译，尽可能保留原文的表达方式和意义。这种方法 能够保持原文的语气和风格，但有时可能会显得生硬或不够 流畅。
Free translation method
总结词：意译法
详细描述：意译法是指将英文定语从句按照汉语的表达习 惯进行翻译，不拘泥于原文的句式和结构，以传达原文的 含义和精神为主。这种方法能够使译文更加流畅自然，但 有时可能会牺牲原文的一些细节或风格。
translating attributive clauses • Translation exercise and answer analysis of
relative clauses
01
Introduction to relative clauses
The definition of attributive clauses
ellipsis
总结词：省略法
VS
详细描述：省略法是指将英文定语从 句中的某些成分进行省略或简化，以 使译文更加简洁明了。这种方法适用 于一些较为冗长或复杂的定语从句， 能够减少译文的篇幅和复杂度。需要 注意的是，省略法可能会牺牲原文的 一些信息或风格，因此在使用时需要 谨慎考虑。
03
Translation Practice of Attributive Clause
Answer Analysis: The correct translation of this sentence is " 中了彩票的那个人现在成了百万 富翁。" The relative clause "who won the lottery" modifies "person". In Chinese, we use "那" to indicate the specific person, and "中了彩票 的" as the modifying phrase.
详细描述：直译法是指将英文定语从句按照原文的句式和结 构进行翻译，尽可能保留原文的表达方式和意义。这种方法 能够保持原文的语气和风格，但有时可能会显得生硬或不够 流畅。
Free translation method
总结词：意译法
详细描述：意译法是指将英文定语从句按照汉语的表达习 惯进行翻译，不拘泥于原文的句式和结构，以传达原文的 含义和精神为主。这种方法能够使译文更加流畅自然，但 有时可能会牺牲原文的一些细节或风格。
translating attributive clauses • Translation exercise and answer analysis of
relative clauses
01
Introduction to relative clauses
The definition of attributive clauses
ellipsis
总结词：省略法
VS
详细描述：省略法是指将英文定语从 句中的某些成分进行省略或简化，以 使译文更加简洁明了。这种方法适用 于一些较为冗长或复杂的定语从句， 能够减少译文的篇幅和复杂度。需要 注意的是，省略法可能会牺牲原文的 一些信息或风格，因此在使用时需要 谨慎考虑。
03
Translation Practice of Attributive Clause
Answer Analysis: The correct translation of this sentence is " 中了彩票的那个人现在成了百万 富翁。" The relative clause "who won the lottery" modifies "person". In Chinese, we use "那" to indicate the specific person, and "中了彩票 的" as the modifying phrase.
英译汉教学课件 定语和定语从句译法 短语(共24张PPT)
• 一张呆板的脸
• silk stockings • 丝袜
• silken hair
• 柔软光滑的头发，秀发
• a flower girl • 一个卖花女 • a flowery girl
• 一个打扮得花枝招展的姑娘
• a history lesson • 一堂历史课
• a historical lesson
• 多年来只有他的友谊使那个孤苦柔弱的心灵得到安慰。
• 6.As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead.
• 走到拐弯处，她突然想出了一个主意，立刻停了下来。 • 7.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss
• 不远
• a walking dictionary
• 活字典
• an uninvited guest
• 不速之客
第5页，共24页。
八、定语和定语从句的译法
• VIII. Attorney General
• 总检查长
• the president elect
• 当选总统
• the elected president • 选举出来的总统
infant’s play.
•
千言万语的静默，默默无声的表白，激情的产儿，孩童的
游戏。
•
a sleepy corner, a sleepless bed, a hopeless effort, a trembling
peep, He passed a dreary thoughtful day.
•
• silk stockings • 丝袜
• silken hair
• 柔软光滑的头发，秀发
• a flower girl • 一个卖花女 • a flowery girl
• 一个打扮得花枝招展的姑娘
• a history lesson • 一堂历史课
• a historical lesson
• 多年来只有他的友谊使那个孤苦柔弱的心灵得到安慰。
• 6.As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead.
• 走到拐弯处，她突然想出了一个主意，立刻停了下来。 • 7.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss
• 不远
• a walking dictionary
• 活字典
• an uninvited guest
• 不速之客
第5页，共24页。
八、定语和定语从句的译法
• VIII. Attorney General
• 总检查长
• the president elect
• 当选总统
• the elected president • 选举出来的总统
infant’s play.
•
千言万语的静默，默默无声的表白，激情的产儿，孩童的
游戏。
•
a sleepy corner, a sleepless bed, a hopeless effort, a trembling
peep, He passed a dreary thoughtful day.
•
定语从句PPTPPT课件
will give us a talk.
The teacher (whom) we met yesterday
(宾语) The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (who) everyone likes is kind.
The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
空白演示经典风格
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk.
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
I wrote with it just now.
Can you find the pen with which
I wrote just now?
Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?
Can you find the pen?
添加标题
The boy who is clever is Tom
添加标题
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
(主语)
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.
注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
The teacher (whom) we met yesterday
(宾语) The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (who) everyone likes is kind.
The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
空白演示经典风格
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk.
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
I wrote with it just now.
Can you find the pen with which
I wrote just now?
Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?
Can you find the pen?
添加标题
The boy who is clever is Tom
添加标题
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
(主语)
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.
注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
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全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活 的一天是会到来的。
前置法
(3) The sun , which had hidden all day , now came out in all its splendor.
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒 四射地露面了。
(4) But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
• Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
• 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
• My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
• 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
that was put in the house. • * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠
的猫。
• 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可 采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。
前置法
(1) The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
(2) (2) There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.
Lecture 11
语序调整 之
定语从句的译法
英汉定语从句对比
• 1. This is the cat. • 这就是那只猫。 • 2. This is the cat that killed the rat. • 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 • 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. • * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 • 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake
• 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
• Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
• 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发
定语从句的译法
（一） 前置法 （二） 后置法 （三） 融合法 （四） 译成状语
（一） 前置法
把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词 组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句 翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定 语从句比较短的情况。
译成并列分句，重复先行词
1) al which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
• 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了 也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗 号分开 。例如
• The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非 限制性）
• 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰 时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
• This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
• 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
• 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进 行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
• He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中 国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。 2) 2) I told the story to John , who told it to his brother.
我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
译成并列分句，重复先行词
第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土 的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。
译成并列分句，省略先行词
3) World War Ⅱwas, however, more complex than World WarⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
但密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了静默。
（二） 后置法
当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该 定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰 词的后面。翻译时可以用三种方法来处理。
✓ 译成并列分句，重复先行词 ✓ 译成并列分句，省略先行词 ✓ 译成独立句（非限制性定从）
• * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的 蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
• 英语中的定语从句有两种：限制性定语从句和非 限制性定语从句。
• 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉 它主句意思往往不明确；例如
• This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
前置法
(3) The sun , which had hidden all day , now came out in all its splendor.
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒 四射地露面了。
(4) But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
• Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
• 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
• My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
• 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
that was put in the house. • * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠
的猫。
• 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可 采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。
前置法
(1) The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
(2) (2) There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.
Lecture 11
语序调整 之
定语从句的译法
英汉定语从句对比
• 1. This is the cat. • 这就是那只猫。 • 2. This is the cat that killed the rat. • 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 • 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. • * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 • 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake
• 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
• Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
• 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发
定语从句的译法
（一） 前置法 （二） 后置法 （三） 融合法 （四） 译成状语
（一） 前置法
把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词 组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句 翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定 语从句比较短的情况。
译成并列分句，重复先行词
1) al which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
• 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了 也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗 号分开 。例如
• The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非 限制性）
• 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰 时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
• This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
• 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
• 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进 行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
• He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中 国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。 2) 2) I told the story to John , who told it to his brother.
我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
译成并列分句，重复先行词
第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土 的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。
译成并列分句，省略先行词
3) World War Ⅱwas, however, more complex than World WarⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
但密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了静默。
（二） 后置法
当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该 定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰 词的后面。翻译时可以用三种方法来处理。
✓ 译成并列分句，重复先行词 ✓ 译成并列分句，省略先行词 ✓ 译成独立句（非限制性定从）
• * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的 蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
• 英语中的定语从句有两种：限制性定语从句和非 限制性定语从句。
• 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉 它主句意思往往不明确；例如
• This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）