2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——完形填空

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——完形填空（崇明）It‘s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world. It50 where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features.A sunny day can lessen the deepest 51 , while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.The human race has always tried to 52 the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of 53 weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, 54 high humidity has the opposite effect.Today‘s methods of prediction increasingly depend on 55 . Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with 56 equipments send data to computers. The data is then 57 , and the weather is predicted. However, 58 this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special59 for predicting weather. However, it is 60 that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.It 61 that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden 62 of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare 63 conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier. Efforts to 64 the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.50. A. shows B. affects C. predicts D. introduces51. A. enjoyment B. sadness C. excitement D. laziness52. A. guess B. use C. change D. improve53. A. windy B. bad C. fine D. cold54. A. when B. while C. although D. as55. A. industry B. intelligence C. technology D. people56. A. monitoring B. predicting C. shaping D. moving57. A. used B. processed C. taught D. answered58. A. also B. still C. only D. even59. A. gift B. concern C. application D. liking60. A. necessary B. easy C. unique D. possible61. A. happens B. occurs C. appears D. estimates62. A. start B. shift C. cure D. crash63. A. living B. working C. health D. weather64. A. encourage B. quicken C. limit D. shorten50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. C（奉贤）Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be 50 and damaged? Judging from an experiment in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if a baby heard no mother 51 , the experimenter told the nurses to keep silent.All the 52 died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first yearof life 53 , the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by the experimenter. 54 , some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is 55 to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for 56 skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the 57 stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a 58 age, but there are cases where speech has started 59 in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple 60 ; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style 61 grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the 62 to speak. What is special about man‘s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the comp lex system which enables a child to 63 the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern ―toy –bear‖. And even more 64 is the young brain‘s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.50.A. constructed B. starved C. spoiled D. exhausted51.A. sound B. singing C. educating D. tongue52.A. parents B. care-takers C. infants D. investigators53.A. randomly B. originally C. greatly D. especially54.A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Theoretically D. Fortunately55.A. unfamiliar B. inaccessible C. insensitive D. unaccustomed56.A. acquiring B. practising C. occupying D. seizing57.A. critical B. temporary C. contemporary D. reasonable58.A. pleasing B. troublesome C. flexible D. constant59.A. last B. late C. early D. lately60.A. commands B. necessities C. resolutions D. directions61.A. or rather B. or else C. other than D. rather than62.A. inspiration B. passion C. creativity D. capacity63.A. justify B. connect C. oblige D. devote64.A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. uncountable D. unbearable 50—54 BDCDB 55—59 CAADB 60—64 ADDBB(虹口)The past 20 years have produced great advances in technology and communications. 50, people throughout the world have become ever more connected. The 51link between the nations and people of the world is called globalization. It is a 52that has changed ways of life around the world.Perhaps the biggest change in this process is the effect of globalization on commerce. In an effort to build a 53economy, most nations of the world have embraced (拥抱) free trade. Free trade removes certain limits imposed (强加) on global commerce to make it easier for nations to exchange goods with one another. A 54aim of this process is to aid poor nations and thus reduce 55. Globalization has indeed increased trade throughout the world, but experts disagree about its effect on the poor.The debate about recent trends in global commerce is complex. Those 56free trade in the global market point out that competition lowers prices. Its critics argue that, without controls, such a system often harms poor nations. To some extent, both are 57. For example, in Jamaica, a country which imported milk from the United States and the 58milk was cheaper than local milk, more poor people could drink milk and improve their nutrition. At the same time, the cheaper milk put 59dairy farmers out of business. Perhaps this program caused as much harm as 60 .Those who support free trade in the global market do so for a number of reasons. Studies show that when a poor nation begins trading on the global level, it gains certain 61. Its economy grows rapidly. Multinational companies set up factories, 62jobs for people. Supporters claim that these factors reduce poverty and lessen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. They believe that the globalizing trend benefits the poor.Critics of unrestricted free trade question these conclusions. Although they 63that the global market can offer growth and jobs to poor nations, they doubt that it reduces poverty. In fact, they cite (引述) studies which show that poverty has increased as a result of the global market.64, the gap between rich and poor nations is growing.Regardless of which side they are on, most experts believe that globalization has great potential to aid the poor. Both sides need to find a way to make it work.50. A. In conclusion B. In particular C. As a result D. On the contrary51. A. growing B. starting C. moving D. reducing52. A. culture B. trend C. belief D. potential53. A. regional B. national C. practical D. global54. A. steadier B. further C. tougher D. stricter55. A. profit B. conflict C. poverty D. expense56. A. attracting B. altering C. opposing D. supporting57. A. correct B. inevitable C. necessary D. effective58. A. required B. produced C. imported D. exported59. A. economical B. local C. traditional D. social60. A. sacrifice B. satisfaction C. convenience D. good61. A. benefits B. varieties C. opportunities D. budgets62. A. influencing B. arranging C. providing D. applying63. A. ensure B. assume C. argue D. agree64. A. In addition B. First of all C. In that case D. On average50-64: CABDB CDACB DACDA(黄浦、嘉定)When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall –a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, ―God Bless You!‖ with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, ―Lady, where did your legs go?‖I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn‘t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning h er head upwards, she asked, ―Did they go to ‗Leg Heaven‘?‖That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn‘t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D.satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific50—54 BDDCC 55—59 ADBAA 60—64 CABBC（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, __50__ mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore __51__ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to __52__ the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the firstlanguage) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, __53__, on account of their low frequency, they do not __54__ often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies suc h as contextual deduction(演绎) is also not a __55__ for a number of reasons. There appears to be no __56__to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be __57__ in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual（双语的）word lists seems an __58__ shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, __59__, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic __60__ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to __61__a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CA VOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its __62__ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To __63__its frequency, the programme was __64__ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.50. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires51. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary52. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean53. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless54. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear55. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder56. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative57. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred58. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident59. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however60. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target61. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force62. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents63. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave64. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved50—54 BDACC 55—59 ADBCD 60—64 BADBC（闵行）In business, there is a speed difference: It‘s the difference between how important a firm‘s leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 .In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edgeended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What‘s more, the firms that ―slowed down to54 ‖improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what ―slower‖ and ―faster‖ mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn‘t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about62 .Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly50. B 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. D(浦东)We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brainto process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. We have a great deal of control over this type of information processing --- both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , ―To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a64 of needless distractio n.‖50. A. anxiety B. trouble C. interest D. curiosity51. A. donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding D. searching52. A. sensitive B. conscious C. unconscious D. reasonable53. A. health B. wealth C. power D. energy54. A. expanding B. surviving C. stretching D. bearing55. A. hence B. however C. still D. yet56. A. cooperating B. finding C. stimulating D. removing57. A. think of B. deal with C. do with D. rule over58. A. considerate B. professional C. humorous D. recreational59. A. get rid of B. bring about C. break into D. come to60. A. catch B. apply C. abandon D. offer61. A. rank B. limit C. field D. lane62. A. received B. supplied C. labeled D. recommended63. A. opposed B. stated C. declined D. offered64. A. minimum B. maximum C. quantity D. presence50--64. ACBDB ACBDA BCDBA（普陀）One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（50）______for copies of her teaching notes.Another（51）______that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable(平易近人).But many say it has made them too accessible,（52）______boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available（53）______the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding(令人吃惊的),”said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They‘ll（54）______you to help:‘I need to know this.’”“There’s a fine（55）______between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy(正统性)as an （56）______who is in charge.”Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said（57）______show that students no longer defer to(听从)their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors‘（58）______could rapidly become outdated.“The deference (听从)was driven by the （59）______that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said, and that notion has（60）______.For junior faculty members(全体教师),e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to（61）______.Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on(依赖) student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（62）______easier to ask questions and helps them learn. But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（63）______them, said Alexandra Lahav, and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.―Such e-mails can have consequences,‖ she said. ―Students don‘t understand that （64）______they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.‖50. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking51. A. complained B. argued C. explained D. believed52. A. removing B. moving C. putting D. placing53. A. about B. around C. at D. from54. A. control B. shout C. order D. make55. A. requirement B. contradiction C. tension D. balance56. A. teacher B. instructor C. lecturer D. professor57. A. e-mails B. passages C. texts D. books58. A. technology B. expertise C. science D. imagination59. A. tradition B. sense C. notion D. meaning60. A. strengthened B. weakened C. reinforced D. consolidated61. A. ask B. question C. respond D. request62. A. him B. her C. you D. it63. A. on B. against C. in D. about64. A. this B. which C. that D. what50---64 DCABC DBABC BCDA D（徐汇、金山）Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some __(50)__ in one‘s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the__(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. __(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact __(53)__ on one‘s career and family time.Of the many __(54)__ to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the __(55)__ to study at his or her own pace to achieve the __(56)__ goals, which are so necessary in today‘s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student‘s convenience with due __(57)__ to all life‘s other requirements. Besides, the student may __(58)__ in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be __(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject __(60)__ tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the __(61)__ of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the __(62)__ students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. __(63)__ distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while __(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. addingSection A 50-54 BABCD 55-59 CBCAC 60-64 DBDAC（杨浦1.5）The Human Development Report, published annually since 1990, seeks to 50 "human development" around the world and calculates a "Human Development Index" (HDI人类发展指数) for 169 countries. The HDI is 51 on average income, life expectancy, and level of education. 52 , rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting 53 in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others!Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme 54 has increased. The report Concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more 55 , —and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people's health and education have generally56 . Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile 57 human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is 58 , however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and 59 . However, if this 60 to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will 61 the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, 62 , might not be sustainable (可持续的).The only solution, according to the report, is to break the 63 between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, 64 to say, is easier said than done.50. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify51. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected52. A. Unexpectedly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unsurprisingly53. A. variations B. experiments C. signs D. mixtures54. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror55. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated56. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed57. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of58. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent59. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration60. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns61. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee62. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. nevertheless63. A. gap B. record C. law D. link64. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopeless Cloze50-64 CADAB DCDAB CAADB（闸北）Each stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, 50 and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are 51 the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and as young adults we search for a 52 . The。

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上海市四区2012届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题(无答案).pdf

17．人们的生活水平不断提高，生活方式不断变化的根本原因是科学技术的迅猛发展。( )
解析：
18．亲近社会、服务社会，首先必须乐于为社会、他人奉献爱心和力量。
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解析：
三、简答题(9分)
27．材料：范阳是一个很要强的女孩，初中时成绩一直名列前茅，但上了高中之后成绩在班里却一直处于中游水平，觉得很没面子，高一没读完就辍学待在家里。到了21岁的时候，在家人的劝说下，她进了一家企业开始托工。因与警同事们关系不好，没多久就辞职了。因为精神压力过大，在一个月时间里，她竞三次割腕自杀。 (1)材料一中范阳进入高中后成绩有所下降，就觉得没面子，产生了强烈的挫折感，请你分析她产生挫折感的原因。(2分) 参考答案： ①客观原因：独生子女在成长过程中，由于家长过分溺爱，忽视了培养孩子的抗挫折能力，导致他们缺乏心理预防。 ②主观原因：范阳对自己的学习有自己的打算，希望能一直名列前茅，但由于其身心发展的特点和社会阅历方面的限制，使得她对人生、对自我缺乏清醒的认识和评价，从而产生挫折感。解析： (2)对于范阳高一没读完就放弃学习，辍学在家的做法，你赞同吗?说说你的理由。(3分) 参考答案：不赞同。因为学生的主要任务就是学习。学习是人类的基本活动，是人们生活的重要内容。学习能使自己得到发展；读书学习是对社会、对自己的一种责任，是一种必须履行的义务；现代社会，学习已经成为生存的一种方式，是一种生命的过程，我们要不断学习、终身学习，提高自身素质。解析： (3)学习和生活中难免会遇到这样或那样的挫折和困难，我们应该如何正确面对?(4分) 参考答案：我们要以乐观的态度对待学习和生活中的困难，并以正确的方法克服困难，战胜挫折。具体做法有：①冷静对待。 ②自我疏导。③请求帮助。④心理换位。⑤精神升华。⑥勇于创新。(答出其中四点即可) 解析：教后札记初中学习网，资料共分享！我们负责传递知识！

2023届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试卷(含听力)(含答案)

2023届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试卷（含听力）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、短对话1．A．At the bus stop.B．At the information desk.C．On the platform.D．In the office building.2．A．It was quite a success.B．It was huge.C．It was terrible.D．The music was good.3．A．John’s job transfer.B．The rapid spread of rumour. C．The new project in India.D．John’s quarrel with his wife.4．A．Sell the broken parts.B．Buy a new one.C．Make a profitable investment.D．Have the old one fixed.5．A．They came in different colors.B．They were good value for money. C．They were a very good design.D．They were sold out very quickly. 6．A．The woman is wasting his time.B．The woman should use her time wisely.C．He is eager to know the answer.D．The woman does not need to hurry.7．A．She always talks bad about her colleagues.B．She has a good reputation for being honest.C．She is good at handling complicated relationships.D．She has good relations with people around her.8．A．She plans to apply for a part-time job.B．She’s too busy to run for class president.C．She wants the man to help her with her studies.D．She has no interest in running for class president.9．A．She is not in good health for her age.B．She likes the job of feeding fish.C．She finds her new job rewarding.D．She feels unfit for her new job.10．A．It’s hard to buy the tickets on the spot.B．Tickets are cheaper if bought online.C．Free booklets provide discounts for the show.D．The comic show can be watched online.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

2012届上海高三英语二模试卷_-_完形填空

2012年高考模拟考试试卷崇明县Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It‘s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite t opic for so many people around the world. It50 where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features.A sunny day can lessen the deepest 51 , while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.The human race has always tried to 52 the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of 53 weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, 54 high humidity has the opposite effect.Today‘s methods of prediction increasingly depend on 55 . Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with 56 equipments send data to computers. The data is then 57 , and the weather is predicted. However, 58 this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special59 for predicting weather. However, it is 60 that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.It 61 that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden 62 of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare 63 conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier. Efforts to 64 the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.50. A. shows B. affects C. predicts D. introduces51. A. enjoyment B. sadness C. excitement D. laziness52. A. guess B. use C. change D. improve53. A. windy B. bad C. fine D. cold54. A. when B. while C. although D. as55. A. industry B. intelligence C. technology D. people56. A. monitoring B. predicting C. shaping D. moving57. A. used B. processed C. taught D. answered58. A. also B. still C. only D. even59. A. gift B. concern C. application D. liking60. A. necessary B. easy C. unique D. possible61. A. happens B. occurs C. appears D. estimates62. A. start B. shift C. cure D. crash63. A. living B. working C. health D. weather64. A. encourage B. quicken C. limit D. shorten长宁区Drones are technically known as unmanned aerial vehicles, or UA Vs. These aircrafts, however, are not just used for air strikes, and they are not just used by governments. Human rights activists, environmental groups and journalists are ___50___ using drones in their work.Drones can fly in the sky to ___51___ images that reporters may not be able to get close to on the ground.Matt Waite is a journalism professor at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Students in his Drone Journalism Lab are ___52___ different uses for drones in news reporting.Matt Waite says, ―Drone journalism as an idea is less than a year old at this point. The first____53___ I saw was a labor protest in Poland where a man had a remote-controlledhelicopter and he put a camera on it, flew it up and got just a ___54___ of the protests from the air. And you could see police moving into position to ___55___ the protest route. A video on You Tube shows images captured by the so-called RoboKopter. A group of citizen journalists in Moscow used a ___56___ drone camera to record protests during Russian Parliamentary elections.Professor Waite noted a recent environmental case in the United States captured by someone flying his remote-controlled airplane. He said that the man ___57___ a meat packing plant that was polluting a nearby creek that ran into a nearby river. He had images of a ___58___ of blood flowing out of this meat packing plant, which was against the law. And environmental regulatory authorities were ___59___ to it.Andrew Sniderman is a co-founder of the Genocide Intervention Network. He wrote recently in the New York Times that drones could be used to collect important information in ___60___ areas, like Syria.Professor Waite also imagines many other uses for drones. He thought of every hurricane, tornado, fire and every kind of mass ___61___ that he ever covered as a journalist and thought that would be ___62___ to have it as a tool."Drone use in the United States is now rare ___63___ federal restrictions on airspace. However, Congress just passed a bill ___64___ to ease those restrictions by 2015.50. A. increasingly B. carefully C. extraordinarily D. hopefully51. A. preserve B. prohibit C. abandon D. capture52. A. making B. exploring C. imagining D. applying53. A. incident B. advantage C. instance D. journalist54. A. point B. view C. look D. solution55. A. block B. develop C. demand D. avoid56. A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. former57. A. built B. spotted C. protested D. managed58. A. drop B. sign C. stream D. collection59. A. warned B. banned C. proved D. alerted60. A. controlled B. remote C. polluted D. conflict61. A. disaster B. event C. disease D. argument62. A. terrible B. amazing C. ridiculous D. interested63. A. in case of B. for the sake of C. because of D. in spite of64. A. paid B. discussed C. assigned D. designed闸北区Each stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, 50 and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are 51 the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and as young adults we search for a 52 . The drive to fulfil each stage is so strong that sometimes we have to hold the breath to 53 .At each stage, although everyone may 54 in dreams, we will all try to take hold of the means to achieve our particular dreams. Some will be driven with almost tunnel vision, others take a(n) 55 attitude to getting there. Anyway, without dreams it is hard to direct life. If youare fortunate enough to achieve your current dreams, you can move forward for 56 desires and prepare yourself for a new conquest.For each period of life the needs are decided by that stage, and as we grow older, whether we like it or not, we gain 57 , which, on the basis of former facts and information, permits us to see a broader view if we are wise enough to take on board what is there. As we mature, the sharpness of the 58 of youth, the black and white approach to life, will be tempered by what is possible, kind, just and fair. Ageing helps us to grow if we allow it. So often we 59 that process, holding on tightly to rooted beliefs which do not do us any favour, yet our needs change and in result we will 60 be different.Physically, even when we stay fit and able, the body cannot deliver in quite the same way as youth. This comes as a(n) 61 to most of us who start life in the belief that we are unbeatable and will live forever. Again, Coming to terms with this fact helps us to 62 anxiety, and finally realize the unexpected benefits which come along with 63 face and slowed body. What was important when we were young can be seen now in a new light, and a different list of importance emerges. In the end, extreme age can be as demanding and sensitive as babyhood, so while one's need changes through life, it seems to come 64 .50. A. finance B. security C. marriage D. education51. A. testing B. sharing C. changing D. setting52. A. financial advisor B. childhood companionC. life partnerD. household keeper53. A. take action B. calm down C. look forward D. pay attention54. A. believe B. persevere C. vary D. persist55. A. easy B. random C. formal D. similar56. A. noble B. fresh C. reasonable D. superior57. A. experience B. responsibility C. respect D. agreement58. A. individualism B. materialism C. idealism D. socialism59. A. resist B. enjoy C. evolve D. strengthen60. A. unexpectedly B. terribly C. comparatively D. necessarily61. A. inquiry B. instinct C. refusal D. shock62. A. worsen B. manage C. judge D. feel63. A. wrinkled B. depressed C. impressive D. serious64. A. with high requirements B. in full circleC. without difficultyD. on a large scale杨浦区Almost every country in the world has a higher HDI than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis the total number of people living in extreme 54 has increased. The report Concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are more 55 , — and that even in countries with severe economic problems, people's health and education have generally56 . Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile 57 human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is 58 , however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to HDI in the future, according to the report, is climate change. The way to increase average income in a country is through economic growth, which means increased production and 59 . However, if this 60 to greater emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably go faster, causing severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will 61 the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, 62 , might not be sustainable (可持续的).The only solution, according to the report, is to break the 63 between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions — which, 64 to say, is easier said than done.50. A. judge B. investigate C. assess D. justify51. A. based B. focused C. keen D. reflected52. A. Unexpectedly B. Unwillingly C. Unfortunately D. Unsurprisingly53. A. variations B. experiments C. signs D. mixtures54. A. cruelty B. poverty C. emotion D. terror55. A. talented B. disadvantaged C. determined D. educated56. A. infected B. ignored C. improved D. impressed57. A. to the extent of B. on account of C. for the sake of D. in terms of58. A. critical B. proud C. fond D. independent59. A. administration B. consumption C. application D. concentration60. A. objects B. sticks C. leads D. turns61. A. threaten B. maintain C. concern D. guarantee62. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. nevertheless63. A. gap B. record C. law D. link64. A. fearless B. needless C. careless D. hopeless徐汇区Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some __(50)__ in one‘s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the __(51)__out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. __(52)__, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact __(53)__ on one‘s career and family time.Of the many __(54)__ to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the __(55)__ to study at his or her own pace to achieve the __(56)__ goals, which are so necessary in today‘s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student‘s convenienc e with due __(57)__ to all life‘s other requirements. Besides, the student may __(58)__ in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be __(59)__through regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject __(60)__ tool with every subject. This precludes（排除）the requirement for a student to travel away from hometo take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the __(61)__ of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed.In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the __(62)__ students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. __(63)__ distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining（保留）career-minded people while __(64)__to their personal and professional growth through education.50. A. experience B. break C. interest D. change51. A. process B. progress C. property D. possibility52. A. Surprisingly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Traditionally53. A. appropriately B. reasonably C. negatively D. favorably54. A. complaints B. attitudes C. difficulties D. approaches55. A. individuality B. responsibility C. flexibility D. visibility56. A. professional B. academic C. relevant D. separate57. A. desire B. ability C. regard D. account58. A. enroll B. evolve C. enclose D. emerge59. A. adequate B. vacant C. available D. reliable60. A. registration B. participation C. investigation D. evaluation61. A. demonstration B. equivalence C. combination D. qualification62. A. distinguished B. outstanding C. independent D. individual63. A. Sponsoring B. Requiring C. Indicating D. Protesting64. A. objecting B. responding C. contributing D. adding普陀区One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（50）______for copies of her teaching notes.Another（51）______that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable(平易近人).But many say it has made them too accessible,（52）______boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available（53）______the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding(令人吃惊的),”said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They‘ll（54）______you to help:‘I need to know this.’”“There’s a fine（55）______between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy(正统性)as an （56）______who is in charge.”Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said（57）______show that students no longer defer to(听从)their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors‘（58）______could rapidly become outdated.“The deference (听从)was driven by the （59）______that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said, and that notion has（60）______.For junior faculty members(全体教师),e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to（61）______.Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on(依赖) student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（62）______easier to ask questions and helps them learn. But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（63）______them, said Alexandra Lahav, and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.―Such e-mails can have consequences,‖she said. ―Students don‘t understand that （64）______they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.‖50. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking51. A. complained B. argued C. explained D. believed52. A. removing B. moving C. putting D. placing53. A. about B. around C. at D. from54. A. control B. shout C. order D. make55. A. requirement B. contradiction C. tension D. balance56. A. teacher B. instructor C. lecturer D. professor57. A. e-mails B. passages C. texts D. books58. A. technology B. expertise(专门知识) C. science D. imagination59. A. tradition B. sense C. notion (观念) D. meaning60. A. strengthened B. weakened C. reinforced D. consolidated61. A. ask B. question C. respond D. request62. A. him B. her C. you D. it63. A. on B. against C. in D. about64. A. this B. which C. that D. what浦东新区We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. We have a great deal of control over this type of information processing --- both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. Youmay lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , ―To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a64 of needless distraction.‖50. A. anxiety B. troubleC. interest D. curiosity51. A. donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding D. searching52. A. sensitive B. conscious C. unconscious D. reasonable53. A. health B. wealth C. power D. energy54. A. expanding B. surviving C. stretching D. bearing55. A. hence B. however C. still D. yet56. A. cooperating B. finding C. stimulating D. removing57. A. think of B. deal with C. do with D. rule over58. A. considerate B. professional C. humorous D. recreational59. A. get rid of B. bring about C. break into D. come to60. A. catch B. apply C. abandon D. offer61. A. rank B. limit C. field D. lane62. A. received B. supplied C. labeled D. recommended63. A. opposed B. stated C. declined D. offered64. A. minimum B. maximum C. quantity D. presence闵行区In business, there is a speed difference: It‘s the difference between how important a firm‘s leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 .In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What‘s more, the firms that ―slowed down to54 ‖improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they 55 the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought 56 about what ―slower‖ and ―faster‖ mean. Firms sometimes 57 to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) andstrategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving 61 , stuck to tested methods, didn‘t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about62 .Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.50. A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of51. A. profit B. product C. speed D. method52. A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged53. A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty54. A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up55. A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently57. A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire58. A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible59. A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific60. A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all61. A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition62. A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes63. A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with64. A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly静安(杨浦,宝山,青浦)During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, __50__ mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore __51__ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to __52__ the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the first language) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, __53__, on account of their low frequency, they do not __54__ often enough in the L2 learning material.Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction(演绎) is also not a __55__ for a number of reasons. There appears to be no __56__to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be __57__ in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual（双语的）word lists seems an __58__ shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, __59__, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic __60__ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to __61__a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CA VOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its __62__ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To __63__its frequency, the programme was __64__ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.50. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires51. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary52. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean53. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless54. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear55. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder56. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative57. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred58. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident59. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however60. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target61. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force62. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents63. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave64. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved黄埔(嘉定)When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and __50__.Too busy __51__ physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to __52__, feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.__53__, as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall –a __54__ survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude __55__ as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to __56__ my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers __57__ held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, ―God Bless You!‖ with __58__ in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed __59__ at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she innocently asked, ―Lady, where did your legs go?‖I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn‘t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to __60__ them. Leaning her head upwards, she asked, ―Did they go to ‗Leg Heaven‘?‖That incident made me think about how __61__ children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a __62__ learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been __63__ of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a __64__ approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn‘t mean having a poor quality of life.50. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness51. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with52. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. calm B. poor C. proud D. rare55. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding56. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid57. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly58. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset59. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D. satisfaction60. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch61. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically62. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common63. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short64. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific虹口区The past 20 years have produced great advances in technology and communications. 50, people throughout the world have become ever more connected. The 51link between the nations and people of the world is called globalization. It is a 52that has changed ways of life around the world.Perhaps the biggest change in this process is the effect of globalization on commerce. In an effort to build a 53economy, most nations of the world have embraced (拥抱) free trade. Free trade removes certain limits imposed (强加) on global commerce to make it easier for nations to exchange goods with one another. A 54aim of this process is to aid poor nations and thus reduce 55. Globalization has indeed increased trade throughout the world, but experts disagree about its effect on the poor.The debate about recent trends in global commerce is complex. Those 56free trade in the global market point out that competition lowers prices. Its critics argue that, without controls, such a system often harms poor nations. To some extent, both are 57. For example, in Jamaica, a country which imported milk from the United States and the 58milk was cheaper than local milk, more poor people could drink milk and improve their nutrition. At the same time, the cheaper milk put 59dairy farmers out of business. Perhaps this program caused as much harm as 60 .Those who support free trade in the global market do so for a number of reasons. Studies show that when a poor nation begins trading on the global level, it gains certain 61. Its economy grows rapidly. Multinational companies set up factories, 62jobs for people. Supporters claim that these factors reduce poverty and lessen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. They believe that the globalizing trend benefits the poor.。

上海市部分区2024届高三下学期二模英语试题汇编：完形填空

上海市部分区2024届高三二模英语试题汇编完形填空2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A cure for the future in the past?For over fifty years, the people of Britain have relied on the welfare state to make sure they have adequate health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government 41 and underfunding are forcing hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare.For some, however, there are 42 . They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to other conventional medicine. It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, traditional medicine, the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on, is making a 43 .Consider these case studies:Maude is 76 years old and has been suffering from arthritis for almost ten years. “The pain in my joints was almost 44 , and my doctor referred me to a surgeon at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed 45 , but would need to wait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In 46 , I started having massage sessions. To my surprise, these were very therapeu tic, and while they didn’t cure the disorder, they did47 it to some extent”.Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was 48 for a series of stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he took didn’t work well on the nervous strain. “I r ead about 49 which involve the whole person rather than the individual symptoms, but I had always doubted about such kind of medicine for all diseases. However, my friend50 a dietician who told me that part of my problem was diet-related. Basically, the food I was eating was51 to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right vitamins and minerals to keep me in good health. At the same time, she advocated a more 52 lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind of thing. I’ m a bit of a couch potato, and this kind of lifestyle I had lived was 53 the problem. Now I feel great!”So is there still a place in our lives for modern medicine? While it is true that some infections and viruses may be 54 by turning to traditional medicine, more serious illnesses such as cancer need more extreme measures. We do need our health service at these times, and we shouldn’t stop 55 in its future. But we mustn’t forget that for some common illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.41. A. support B. restrictions C. cutbacks D. concern42. A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales43. A. comeback B. living C. change D. mess44. A. unique B. uncertain C. universal D. unbearable45. A. permission B. surgery C. supervision D. strength46. A. condition B. desperation C. general D. particular47.A. protect B. recover C. relieve D. treat48.A. eager B. grateful C. famous D. responsible49. A. treatments B. sources C. spirits D. comments50. A. supervised B. declared C. recommended D. tempted51. A. contributing B. adapting C. subjecting D. objecting52. A. moderate B. active C. negative D. suitable53. A. identifying B. investigating C. estimating D. worsening54. A. prevented B. empowered C. indicated D. restored55. A. undertaking B. invading C. investing D. evolving2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Alipay, the digital payment arm of Chinese financial technology company Ant Group, is allocating more resources to roll out translation services in 16 languages, to ensure foreigners in China can use mobile payments without any hurdles.Alipay's move comes amid China's intensified efforts to further improve foreigners' payment (41) _______ in the country.Alipay has allowed foreigners in China to link their (42) _______ bank cards, including Visa and Mastercard, to its mobile payment tool, greatly streamlining(精简) the payment processes, said Zhu Xugang, director of the cross-border business at Ant Group.Users of 10 overseas e-wallets are also able to use their familiar home e-wallets on their own phones by (43) _______ Alipay QR codes, to enjoy seamless mobile payment experiences across Alipay's vast merchant network.According to Alipay, foreigners can use the app to complete payments at restaurants, hotels, scenic spots, convenience stores and supermarkets, as well as for ride-hailing, shared bikes, buses and other public (44) _______ services in China. The newly (45) _______ multilingual app includes English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Japanese.The mobile payment app has also (46) _______ the single transaction(交易)limit for overseas travelers using mobile payments from $1,000 to $5,000 and lifted the annual cumulative transaction limit from $10,000 to $50,000.The State Council, China's Cabinet, published a guideline on improving payment services and (47) _______ payment convenience in early March, a move to better meet the (48) _______ payment needs of the elderly and foreign visitors.Last week, the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, (49) _______ a payment guide that provides foreigners with text and graphic (50) _______ on using bank cards, cash, mobile payments and e-CNY in China, the latest step in the country's push to optimize the payment experience for foreigners.Wang Pengbo, a senior analyst at market consultancy Botong Analysys, said the intensified efforts to provide convenient payment services will not only (51) _______ improve the living and consumption experience of foreigners in China and attract more of them to the country, but also promote the healthy and sustainable development of the payment (52) _______.Wang said the move demonstrates the country's resolve to expand high-standard opening-up, (53) _______ the online payment scenarios of Alipay are wide enough, with high usage frequency. So, what it should do now is to expand the scope of foreign bank card binding and improve and simplify authentication of new users, to provide more convenient payment services to foreigners.Meanwhile, Chinese banks are taking measures to expand the (54) _______ of overseas bank cards and facilitate their use of cash in the country.Dong said more efforts are needed to expand the scenarios of various types of payment methods at tourist attractions, sporting events, transportation hubs, healthcare and beauty centers and other daily (55) _______ sites.41.A. expectations B. memorizations C. experiences D. durations42.A. international B. domestic C. interior D. commercial43.A. copying B. photographing C. sharing D. scanning44.A. transportation B. security C. education D. maintenance45.A. evolved B. launched C. specialized D. simplified46.A. decreased B. restricted C. suspended D. raised47.A. implementing B. enhancing C. administrating D. subscribing48.A. diversified B. facilitated C. digitalized D. conflicted49.A. purchased B. authorized C. released D. commercialized50.A. designs B. illustrations C. instructions D. imagery51.A. significantly B. artificially C. individually D. frequently52.A. gateway B. industry C. deadline D. term53.A. developing B. monitoring C. securing D. adding54.A. recognition B. acceptance C. regulation D. policy55.A. construction B. application C. production D. consumption2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In Favour of Simple WritingDo you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in 41 even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over42 : get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day.A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of 43 , even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established 44 that have long been prized in guides to writing.Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to 45 needless words. The authors, however, have 46 the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from 127 to 49 words almost 47the response rate.Keeping messages to a 48 idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. 49 the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, 50 , attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.Syntax (句法) and 51 matter, too. It is more 52 to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as 53 as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable 54 . If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not 55 it at all.41.A. conveying B. understanding C. crafting D. sending42.A. care B. quantity C. simplicity D. technology43.A. reader B. poster C. learner D. writer44.A. structures B. principles C. aims D. alternatives45.A. remove B. ignore C. reconsider D. interpret46.A. conveyed B. translated C. tested D. shaped47.A. lowered B. affected C. doubled D. maintained48.A. basic B. positive C. definite D. single49.A. Recording B. Reducing C. Counting D. Estimating50.A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular51.A. word-choice B. pattern-design C. target-setting D. platform-selection52.A. difficult B. suitable C. challenging D. common53.A. carefully B. often C. politely D. quickly54.A. outcomes B. points C. figures D. benefits55.A. received B. written C. read D. answered2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.City air is in a sorry state. It is dirty and hot. Outdoor pollution kills 4.2m people a year, according to the World Health Organization. Concrete and tarmac, meanwhile, absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also __41__ plants which would otherwise cool things down by evaporative transpiration（蒸腾作用）. The never-ceasing __42__ of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands, discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees. Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly __43__ tiny particles floating in the air, which are then washed to the ground by rain. Besides transpiration, they provide __44__.To cool an area effectively, trees must be planted in quantity. Two years ago, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need 40% tree __45__ to cut urban heat back meaningfully. Unfortunately, not all cities —and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries — are __46__ with parks, private gardens or a sufficient number of street trees. And the problem is likely to get worse. At the moment, 55% of people live in cities. By 2050 that share is expected to reach 68%.One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial __47__ to this lack of urban vegetation. It is to plant miniature simulacra（模拟物）of natural forests, ecologically engineered for rapid growth. Over the course of a career that began in the 1950s, their leader, Miyawaki Akira, a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan, has developed a way to do this starting with even the most __48__ deserted areas. And the Miyawaki method is finding increasing __49__ around the world.Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebui ld the process of ecological succession, by which __50__ land develops naturally into mature forest. Usually, the first arrival is grass, followed by small trees and, finally, larger ones. The Miyawaki method __51__ some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.Dr Miyawaki has __52__ the planting of more than 1,500 of these miniature forests, first in Japan, then in other parts of the world. Wherever they are planting, though, gardeners are not restrict ed to __53__ nature’s recipe book to the letter. Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements. A popular choice, __54__, is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support, thus creating an orchard that requires no maintenance.If your goal is to better your __55__ surroundings, rather than to save the planet from global warming, then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.41. A. thrive B. nourish C. displace D. raise42. A. assessment B. maintenance C. spread D. replacement43. A. release B. trap C. reflect D. dissolve44. A. attraction B. shadow C. interaction D. shade45. A. consumption B. coverage C. interval D. conservation46. A. blessed B. lined C. piled D. fascinated47. A. treatment B. obstacle C. warning D. solution48. A. unnoticed B. unpromising C. untested D. unfading49. A. criticism B. favor C. sponsor D. anxiety50. A. bare B. graceful C. faint D. mysterious51. A. highlights B. skips C. improves D. pushes52. A. accessed B. spotted C. supervised D. ranked53. A. disturbing B. balancing C. following D. reducing54. A. for example B. in essence C. on the other hand D. after all55. A. suburban B. leisure C. scenic D. immediate2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anyone who has ever witnessed the miracle in which infants progress from mewling to “Mama” to “Mine!” knows how critical it is for youngsters to hear normally before they speak their first words. __41__, many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf. The sooner their disability is discovered and __42__, the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills. That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for __43__ screening of newborns for hearing loss.Their __44__ has registered in some powerful ears. To date, 22 states have passed legislation requiring at least partial screening programs. Part of the push stems from __45__ in technology that, among other things, allow children as young as two months to be __46__ hearing aids. But there are limits to the technology. One thing parents should realize before they start is that the screening tests are far from __47__. A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.Audiologists estimate that 3 out of every 1,000 babies are born with some kind of hearing loss. Of those three infants, one is profoundly deaf. About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of __48__. The rest of the time there is simply no __49__ as to why a newborn’s hearing may have been affected.The screening tests work by introducing a sound into a baby’s ear and then measuring either the __50__ of the ear’s i nternal mechanisms or the electrical activity of the auditory portion of the brain (the auditory brain-stem response test). Just because a baby fails either test, __51__, does not mean that there is a hearing problem. A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise in the nursery can __52__ the results. For this reason, experts say, hospitals should __53__ the screening tests for any baby who doesn’t pass the first time before telling the parents to consult an audiologist for more thorough testing.It is at this stage that things get a bit __54__. Though 20 of every 1,000 babies fail the two-step screen, most prove on further examination to be just fine. Is it worth __55__ 17 families of perfectly normal children - not to mention asking them to spend several hundred dollars on advanced tests - to identify three infants with hearing loss?41. A. Indeed B. Meanwhile C. Occasionally D. Surprisingly42. A. reported B. accepted C. treated D. tested43. A. legal B. random C. further D. compulsory44. A. charge B. complaint C. appeal D. pursuit45. A. procedures B. advances C. practices D. insights46. A. fitted with B. provided with C. entitled to D. attached to47. A. reasonable B. imaginable C. reliable D. predictable48. A. disorder B. blindness C. obesity D. deafness49. A. solution B. clue C. reflection D. doubt50. A. response B. volume C. capacity D. activity51. A. however B. therefore C. for example D. after all52. A. prove B. produce C. match D. affect53. A. stop B. review C. repeat D. improve54. A. shocking B. distracting C. unpredictable D. complicated55. A. worrying B. classifying C. engaging D. prompting参考答案2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷41-45 C B A D B 46-50 B C D A C 51-55 A B D A C2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题41-45 CADAB 46-50 DBACC 51-55 ABDBD2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49.B 50. C 51.A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. B2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题41-45 CCBDB 46-50 ADBBA 51-55 BCCAD2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题41-45 ACDCB 46-50 ACDBA 51-55 ADCDA。

上海市闵行区2012届高三英语二模试卷（含答案及听力文字）

第 1 页共 17 页闵行区2011学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚，并在规定的区域内填涂。

答题时客观题用2B 铅笔按要求涂写，主观题用黑色水笔填写。

2. 本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷，共12页。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

3. 考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。

第I 卷 (共105分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about about it, it, it, read read read the the the four four four possible possible possible answers answers answers on on on your your your paper, paper, paper, and and and decide decide decide which which which one one one is is is the the the best best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Next Saturday. B. Next Tuesday. C. Next Friday. D. Next Sunday. 2. A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a bank. D. In a post office. 3. A. A manager and a customer. B. An employer and an employee. C. A professor and a student. D. An examiner and an examinee. 4. A. Tim ’s excellent performance. B. Tim’s assignment. C. Tim ’s graduation day. D. Tim ’s study habits. 5. A. To a hotel. B. To a restaurant. C. To a training class. D. To the train station. 6. A. An artist. B . A painter. C. A journalist. D. An architect. 7. A. To quit basketball. B. To go on playing basketball in spite of the failure. C. To give the reason for giving up basketball. D. To take part in another game. 8. A. They are looking for an apartment. B. The man does not like his bedroom. C. The woman enjoys shopping for clothes. D. They have just moved into an apartment. 9. A. She will decide later. B. She doesn’t care for either. C. She doesn ’t want to go out. D. She wants the man to decide. 10. 10. A. Her car is close-by. A. Her car is close-by. B. She lives far away. C. She has a new car. D. She wants the man to walk with her. 第 2 页共 17 页Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked threequestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. 11. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International. B. She described some popular singers. C. She introduced the radio program to listeners. D. She played a new record. 12. 12. A. About the Big Hits. A. About the Big Hits. B. The History of Pop. C. The Road to Music. D. Pop Words. 13. 13. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters. B. To provide the background with music. C. To help to understand the words to the big music hits. D. To hear from listeners ’ opinions on music. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. 14. A. They want to learn the basics of English. A. They want to learn the basics of English. B. They benefit from learning general English skills. C. They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English. D. They know clearly what they want to learn. 15. 15. A. Doctors. A. Doctors. B. Businessmen. C. Reporters. D. Lawyers. 16. 16. A. Three groups of learners. A. Three groups of learners. B. The importance of business English. C. English for Specific Purposes. D. Features of English for different purposes. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONEWORD for each answer. How long have the Kramers been on vacation? For a (17)_________. Who did David invite for the dinner? Some of the Kramers ’ friends and (18)____. Why does David want to have the dinner party? To thank the Kramers for their (19) ______. What does Nancy think of David? He is (20)_________. 第 3 页共 17 页 Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfor each answer. What job does the woman suggest to the man? (21)_________________. What did Boris do for Mr. Alexander? (22)_________________. Where Where can can can the the the man man man ask ask ask for for for help help help according according according to to to the the woman? The (23)_________________. What What else else else does does does the the the applicant applicant applicant have have have to to to do do do besides besides filling out an application form? (24)_________________ (24)_________________ and and and provide provide three references. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. 25. This This kind kind of of of mistake, mistake, mistake, strange strange strange as as as it it it appears, appears, appears, is is is quite quite quite common common common ______ ______ ______ young young young English English beginners. A. within B. about C. among D. beyond 26. – May I smoke here? – If you _____, that ’s the smoking section over there. A. should B. must C. may D. could 27. 27. The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ to The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowstorm ______ to strike this area. A. expects B. is expected C. has expected D. will be expected 28. Several measures had been tried out to improve the traffic situation, yet ______ of them seemed to work well. A. none B. both C. all D. either 29. 29. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world. If there were no such serious pollutions, people would live ________ life in the world. A. the most healthy B. more healthy a C. much a healthy D. a more healthy 30. 30. We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work out well. A. carrying out B. being carried out C. carried out D. to be carried out 31. 31. Don Don’t answer any e-mails ______ your private information, however official they look. A. requesting B. to request C. requested D. having requested 32. 32. The man denied ______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. The man denied ______ anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. having stolen D. to steal 33. 33. What What people people learned learned learned from from China Got Talented was was that that that there there there were were were so so so many many many talented talented people out there waiting ______ A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 第 4 页共 17 页 34. 34. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them? A. why B. as C. where D. which 35. 35. The The school school rules rules rules state state state that no that no child child shall shall shall be be be allowed allowed allowed out out out of of of the the the school school school dating dating dating the day, the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 36. 36. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved. The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______the company has achieved. A. what B. which C. that D . how 37. 37. When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected ______ more and more teachers are under great pressure. A. which B. since C. whether D. that 38. I ’m puzzled why he ______ back to me. He should have heard from me. A. hasn ’t written B. didn ’t write C. doesn ’t write D. hasn’t been writing 39. 39. You You ’d like to have an annual vacation after the project is completed, ______? A. had you B. hadn ’t you C. would you D. wouldn ’t you 40. 40. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes. What we have to admit is that never before ______ experienced such great changes. A. had the city B. has the city C. the city has D. the city had Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. employed B. possessions C. unprotected D. particularly E. admit F. identify G . limited H. non-existent I. consequently J. opportunities Historically, the traditional role of women of all classes in Britain had been confined (限制) to that of mother in the home. Single and childless women 41 had an uncomfortable and difficult time. The majority of women had no voting or political rights until 1928, and for centuries centuries wives wives wives and and and their their their property property property had had had been been been the the the legal legal 42 of of their their their husbands. husbands. husbands. Formal Formal education for women was thought to be unnecessary for their role in life, and was 43 for the majority. The female position in society became a little better in some respects towards the end of the nineteenth century, but was still very 44 . However, elementary education for all was established and a few institutions of higher education began to 45 women in restricted numbers. Since the 1960’s, women in Britain have been fighting for greater equality with men in job 46 and rates of pay. Various laws from the 1970’s to the present have been made. In spite spite of of of all all all these, these, these, men men men remain remain remain better better better paid paid paid than than than women women women in in in many many many occupations, occupations, 47 in industry. Women constitute (构成) ) nearly nearly nearly half half half the the the national national national workforce, workforce, workforce, there there there are are are more more employed employed married married married women women women in in in Britain Britain Britain than than than in in in any any any other other other European European European Community Community Community country, country, country, and and 第 5 页共 17 页 some some 60 60 60 percent percent percent of of of wives wives wives are are are now now 48 compared compared with with with 22 22 22 percent percent percent in in in 1951. 1951. 1951. But But But their their average weekly wage is still only 70 percent of the average paid to men. This is true of both the the manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing trades trades trades and and and the the the service service service industries. industries. industries. As As As a a a result, result, result, the the the majority majority majority of of of female female workers are badly paid and often 49 by the trade unions or the law. III. Reading comprehension:Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In In business, business, business, there there there is is is a a a speed speed speed difference: difference: difference: It It It’’s s the the the difference difference difference between between between how how how important important important a a firm firm’’s s leaders leaders leaders say say say speed speed speed is is is to to to their their their competitive competitive strategy (策略) ) and and and how how how fast fast fast the the the company company actually moves. The difference is important 50 industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the 51 . In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that 52 at key moments to make sure they were on the right 53 . What What’’s more, the firms that “slowed downto 54 ” improved improved their their their top top top and and and bottom bottom bottom lines, lines, lines, averaging averaging averaging 40% 40% 40% higher higher higher sales sales sales and and and 52% 52% 52% higher higher operating income over a three-year period. How How did did did they they 55 the the laws laws laws of of of business, business, business, taking taking taking more more more time time time than than than competitors competitors competitors yet yet performing performing better? better? better? They They They thought thought 56 about about what what what ““slower slower”” and and ““faster faster”” mean. mean. Firms Firms sometimes 57 to to understand understand understand the the the difference difference difference between between between operation operation operation speed speed speed (moving (moving (moving quickly) quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In In our our our study, study, study, higher higher higher performing performing performing companies companies companies with with with strategic strategic strategic speed speed speed always always always made made made changes changes when it is 58 . They became more 59 to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. 60 , performance suffered at firms firms that that that moved moved moved fast fast fast all all all the the the time, time, time, paid paid paid too too too much much much attention attention attention to to to improving improving 61 , , stuck stuck stuck to to tested methods, didn ’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about 62 . Strategic speed 63 a kind of leadership. Teams that 64 take time to get things right right are are are more more more successful successful successful in in in meeting meeting meeting their their their business business business goals. goals. goals. That That That kind of kind of strategy strategy must must must come come from the top. 50. 50. A. according to A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of 51. 51. A. profit A. profit B . product C. speed D. method 52. 52. A. paused A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged 53. 53. A. situation A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty 54. 54. A. look on A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up 55. 55. A. learn A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer 第 6 页共 17 页56. A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently 57. 57. A. fait A. fait B. attempt C. pretend D. desire 58. 58. A. convenient A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible 59. 59. A. alert A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific 60. 60. A. In short A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all 61. 61. A. welfare A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition 62. 62. A. qualities A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes 63. 63. A. serves as A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with 64. 64. A. temporarily A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularly Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)T his his book book book is is is designed designed designed to to to help help help you you you improve improve improve your your your reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension skills skills skills by by studying studying 20 20 20 minutes minutes minutes a a a day day day for for for 20 20 20 days. days. days. Y Y ou ’ll ll start start start with with with the the the basics basics basics and and and move move move on on on to to to more more complex complex reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension and and and critical critical critical thinking thinking thinking strategies. strategies. strategies. Please Please Please note note note that that that although although each each chapter chapter chapter can can can be be be an an an effective effective effective skill skill skill builder builder builder on on on its its its own, own, own, it it it is is is important important important that that that you you you proceed proceed through this book in order, from Lesson I through Lesson 20. Each lesson builds on skills and ideas ideas discussed discussed discussed in in in the previous the previous chapters. As you you move move move through through through this this book book and and and your your your reading reading skills develop, the passages you read will increase both in length and in complexity. The book begins with a pretest, which will allow you to see how well you can answer various various kinds kinds kinds of of of reading reading reading comprehension comprehension comprehension questions questions questions now, now, now, as as as you you you begin. begin. begin. When When When you you you finish finish finish the the book, take the posttest to see how much you ’ve improved. The The text text text is is is divided divided divided into into into four four four sections, sections, sections, each each each focusing focusing focusing on on on a a a different different different group group group of of of related related reading reading and and and thinking thinking thinking strategies. strategies. strategies. These These These strategies strategies strategies will will will be be be outlined outlined outlined at at at the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of each each section and then reviewed in a special “putting it all together ” final lesson. Each lesson provides several exercises that allow you to practice the skills you learn. To ensure you ’re on the right track, each lesson also provides answers and explanations for all of the the practice practice practice questions. questions. questions. Additionally, Additionally, Additionally, you you you will will will find find find practical practical practical suggestions suggestions suggestions in in in each each each chapter chapter chapter for for how to continue practicing these skills in your daily life. The The most most most important important important thing thing thing you you you can can can do do do to to to improve improve improve your your your reading reading reading skills skills skills is is is to to to become become become an an active active reader. reader. reader. The The The following following following guidelines guidelines guidelines and and and suggestions suggestions suggestions outlined outlined outlined will will will familiarize familiarize familiarize you you you with with active reading techniques. Use these techniques as much as possible as you work your way through the lessons in this book. 第 7 页共 17 页65. 65. According to the passage, the pretest aims to __________. According to the passage, the pretest aims to __________. A. tell you where your starting level is B. arouse your interest in using the book C. illustrate the structure of the text D. introduce the test-taking techniques 66. 66. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Each chapter has an internal relationship with the previous chapter. B. The texts are arranged in the order of length and complexity. C. Different reading strategies are listed at the beginning of each section. D. The author suggests using the book selectively according to readers’ level. 67. 67. What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph? What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph? A. The function of each chapter. B. The outline of each section. C. The ways to be an active reader. D. The guidelines in using the book. (B)The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds too much of climbing mammals (哺乳动物哺乳动物) of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such as nice and small squirrels, are not as common overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally. Small Small mammals, mammals, mammals, being being being warm warm warm blooded, blooded, blooded, suffer suffer suffer hardship hardship hardship in in in the the the exposed exposed exposed and and and uncertain uncertain environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more rapidly. Thus, in the trees, where where protection protection protection from from from heat heat heat and and and cold cold cold may may may be be be scarce scarce scarce and and and conditions conditions conditions may may may be be be changeable, changeable, changeable, a a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature. Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs (嫩枝嫩枝) and branches in the canopy for insects, insects, flowers, flowers, flowers, or or or fruit, fruit, fruit, but but but small small small mammals mammals mammals are are are defeated, defeated, defeated, in in in the the the competition competition competition for for for food, food, food, by by large ones that have their own strategies for browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight of an an ape ape ape hanging hanging hanging below below below a a a branch branch branch draws draws draws the the the leaves leaves leaves down down down so so so that that that fruit-bearing fruit-bearing fruit-bearing leaves leaves leaves drop drop toward the ape ’s face. Walking or leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer outer twigs twigs twigs either either either by by by breaking breaking breaking and and and gaining gaining gaining the the the whole whole whole branch branch branch or or or by by by catching catching catching hold hold hold of of of hard hard branches with the feet or tail and picking food with their hands. Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing climbing animals animals animals to to to cross cross cross the the the wide wide wide gaps gaps gaps from from from one one one tree tree tree top top top to to to the the the next next next that that that typify typify typify the the the high high canopy. A gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard (跳板跳板). The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction (摩擦摩擦) against the relatively large surface area of its body. 68. Which of the following questions does the passage answer? A. How is the rain forest different from other habitats? B. How does an animal ’s body size influence an animal ’s need for food? 第 8 页共 17 页C. Why does rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals? D. Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest? 69. 69. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest? A. They have body shapes that are adapted to life in the canopy. B. They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments. C. They have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy. D. They use the trees of the canopy for protection from heat and cold. 70. 70. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that ________. When discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that ________. A. small animals require appropriately more food than larger animals do B. a large animal ’s size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopy C. small animals are often attacked by larger animals in the rain forest D. small animals and large animals are equally good at obtaining food in the canopy 71. 71. According According to to the the the last last last paragraph, paragraph, paragraph, what what what makes makes makes jumping jumping jumping from from from one one tree tree crown crown crown to to to another another difficult for small mammals? A. Air friction against the body surface. B. The thickness of the branches. C. The dense leaves of the tree top. D. The inability to use the front feet as hands. (C)According According to to to sociologists, sociologists, sociologists, there there there are are are several several several different different different ways ways ways in in in which which which a a a person person person may may become become recognized recognized recognized as as as the the the leader leader leader of of of a a a social social social group group group in in in the the the United United United States. States. States. In In In the the the family family traditional cultural patterns confer (授予授予) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, cases, such such such as as as friendship friendship friendship groups, groups, groups, one one one or or or more more more persons persons persons may may may gradually gradually gradually emerge emerge emerge as as as leaders, leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research research have have have failed failed failed to to to produce produce produce consistent consistent consistent evidence evidence evidence that that that there there there is is is any any any category category category of of of ““natural leaders.leaders.”” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research research suggests suggests suggests that that that there there there are are are typically typically typically two two two different different different leadership leadership leadership roles roles roles that that that are are are held held held by by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks tasks by by by a a a social social social group. group. group. Group Group Group members members members look look look to to to instrumental instrumental instrumental leaders leaders leaders to to to ““get get things things things done.done.done.””Expressive Expressive leadership, leadership, leadership, on on on the the the other other other hand, hand, hand, is is is leadership leadership leadership that that that emphasizes emphasizes emphasizes the the the collective collective well-beings well-beings of of of a a a social social social group group group’’s s members. members. members. Expressive Expressive Expressive leaders leaders leaders are are are less less less concerned concerned concerned with with with the the 。

上海市2024年高三英语二模区专题汇编：完形填空

1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：完形填空For decades,people have guessed that artificial intelligence(AI)will eventually replace human workers.But developments in the past few years have41these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions,42of AI replacing them.But write articles and create images.Now,even people in creative fields must consider themany experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability.AI programs have the43to perform some tasks currently performed by human workers.These include media jobs,such as writing advertisements and articles,along with many jobs in the financial fields and even tech-related jobs such as computer programming.AI is good at44data,so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs45.Using AI for certain tasks may be a good thing.Perhaps AI will46less interesting work,allowing people to do more satisfying jobs,just as earlier technologies ing a machine to do laundry saves time47to washing clothes by hand,and many people use that extra time productively.48,AI may be able to take over dull tasks, liberating people to be truly creative,since thinking up new ideas is something AI cannot do.Another big challenge for AI is human49.Most people prefer to communicate with humans rather than machines.Hence,AI is50to replace humans for jobs that require personal connection,such as counseling or teaching.A robot can perform tasks,but it cannot51care about others,and sometimes care is what people need.AI can process data quickly,but it can only use data that it is given.So it cannot adapt to situations that52 significantly from those in its data.Thus,although some AI programs can create content,none of them can be truly creative as the content AI creates will53consist of some combination of its sources.Finally,if the AI receives false information,it has no way of recognizing that as false.Humans can also be fooled,but54,AI must continually life experience can tell them whether a claim is reasonable,an ability that AI does not have.be fact-checked to make sure its data,and therefore its conclusions,are accurate.55.At best AI may eliminate certain boringThus,although AI may replace some jobs,others require a humanparts of tasks so that humans can focus on things that only they can do.41.A.denied42.A.function43.A.potential44.A.searching45.A.at risk46.A.bring over47.A.wasted48.A.However49.A.interaction50.A.unwilling51.A.deeply52.A.evolve53.A.inevitably54.A.Frequently55.A.nature B.preventedB.possibilityB.scheduleB.providingB.at workB.get overparedB.ThereforeB.resourceB.unlikelyB.accuratelyB.rangeB.immediatelyB.GenerallyB.needC.transferredC.capabilityC.objectiveC.analyzingC.at lastC.turn overC.consumedC.SimilarlyC.resistanceC.unfairC.directlyC.differC.insignificantlyC.InstantlyC.touchD.intensifiedD.characterD.ambitionD.storingD.at leastD.take overD.sparedD.MeanwhileD.creativityD.unfortunateD.genuinelyD.resultD.improbablyD.ConsequentlyD.permission答案：41-55DBACA DBCAB DCADC上海市2024年高三英语二模区专题汇编：完形填空Maps,number lines,shapes,artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls.However,to o much of a good thing may end up41attention and learning in young children,according to research published in Psychological Science.Psychology researchers Anna V.Fisher,Karrie E.Godwin and Howard Seltman of Carnegie Mellon University looked at whether classroom displays affected children’s ability to maintain42during instruction and to learn the lesson content.They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted,spent more time off-task and demonstrated smaller learning43than when the decorations were removed.“Young children spend a lot of time—usually the whole day—in the same classroom,and we have shown that a classroom’s44environment can affect how much children learn,”said Fisher,lead author and associate professor of psychology in the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences.Should teachers45their visual displays based on the findings of this study?“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all46problems.Furthermore, 47research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,”Fisher said.“48,I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations,teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to49.”For the study,24kindergarten students were placed in50classrooms for six introductory science lessons on topics they were unfamiliar with.Three lessons were taught in a heavily decorated classroom,and three lessons were given in a sparse(稀疏的)classroom.The results showed that while children learned in both51types,they learned more when the room was not heavily decorated.Specifically,children’s52on the test questions was higher in the sparse classroom(55%correct)than in the decorated classroom(42%correct).“We were also interested in finding out if the visual displays were removed,whether the children’s attention would 53to another distraction,such as talking to their peers,or the total amount of time they were distracted would remain the same,”said Godwin,a Ph.D.candidate in psychology and fellow of the Program in Interdisciplinary Education Research.However,when the researchers totaled all of the time children spent off-task in both types of classrooms,the rate of off-task54was higher in the decorated classroom(38.6%time spent off-task)than in the sparse classroom(28.4% time spent off-task).The researchers hope these findings will lead to further studies into developing guidelines to help teachers design classrooms55.41.A.attracting B.distracting C.holding D.paying42.A.confidence B.relationship C.consistency D.focus43.A.gains B.opportunities C.needs D.disabilities44.A.social B.natural C.physical D.visual45.A.turn over B.take down C.try out D.look into46.A.athletic B.environmental cational municative47.A.additional B.prior C.national D.independent48.A.However B.Besides C.Therefore D.Meanwhile49.A.stretch B.adapt C.concentrate D.explore50.A.decorated B.empty C.transitional boratory51.A.teaching B.classroom C.school D.personality52.A.accuracy B.emphasis C.impact D.perspective53.A.refer B.listen C.respond D.shift54.A.questions B.behaviors C.incidents D.tasks55.A.originally B.innovatively C.appropriately D.exclusively答案：41.B42.D43.A44.D45.B46.C47.A48.C49.C50.D51.B52.A53.D54.B55.CIn a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty.Among them were four sons of Mexican immigrants,Juan,Oscar,Luis,and Alfredo.These boys,coming from____41____backgrounds,often found themselves overlooked and underestimated.Bonded by fate and friendship,they shared a common passion for ____42____.Two science teachers there decided to enter their high school into a complicated____43____robotics competition sponsored by the NASA and the Naval Research.Excited for the news,these four boys signed up for the competition.With enthusiasm and energy,they started calling mechanical engineers for design help.They were____44____that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam,a type of floating material used in various marine applications.____45____money,all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape(强力胶布).____46____,they searched the city for various spare parts,gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life.With the teachers’guidance and encouragement,they____47____together a robot with no more than metal and wires.As they worked on their robot,the boys also faced personal challenges.Juan struggled with the weight of family responsibilities;Oscar____48____a deep-seated fear of failure;Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’mockery(嘲笑)for his____49____accent,and Alfredo longed for acceptance and belonging.____50____these obstacles,they persevered,leaning on each other for support and inspiration.After a few test runs of their robot,they piled into a second-hand van to head to the competition.Upon entering the main pool area,they noticed the college teams wearing matching outfits,with robots sponsored by big companies. Feeling a bit nervous,the boys put the robot in the water for a test run.____51____,the PVC didn’t hold up,causing the robot to leak and sink.However,instead of letting this____52____ruin their spirits,the boys put their heads together and came up with a brilliant solution.12hours later,armed with8super-absorbent pads to plug the leak,the robot was____53____into the pool again.This time,their robot performed admirably.Gliding gracefully through the waters,it navigated the course with precision and speed,____54____the judges and audience alike.This underwater robot,a symbol of their determination and____55____,conquered the waters,defeated engineering powerhouse MIT and ranked first in the country.This was not just a win for those four but a victory for every underdog with a dream.41. A.academic B.relevant C.humble D.professional42. A.space B.mechanics C.research D.ocean43. A.giant B.industrial C.underwater D.local44. A.advised B.forced C.challenged D.consulted45. A.Reliant on B.Available to C.Short of D.Desperate for46. A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.However47. A.tied B.pieced C.added D.wrapped48. A.conquered B.created C.expressed D.battled49. A.perfect B.strange C.slight D.elegant50. A.With B.Given C.Despite D.Besides51. A.Unfortunately B.Basically C.Actually D.Consequently52. A.disagreement B.failure C.conflict D.progress53. A.sealed B.lowered C.inserted D.fed54. A.boring B.confusing C.wowing D.motivating55. A.bravery B.generosity C.confidence D.perseverance答案：41-45CBCAC46-50ABDBC51-55ABBCD届上海市虹口区高三英4.2024语In the middle of 2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through th 二模专题汇编：完形填空(Cloze)e fields of neuroscience (神经科学)and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 41to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI)and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science has yet come to 42someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.43this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations,researchers and other third parties,a(n)44degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be 45for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will.The potential 46of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.47this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation ,drafting new laws,to address the risks ofneurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental 48,but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely 49nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced 50,with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and 51to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future 52are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing 53of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n)54stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more 55.41. A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable 42. A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading 43. A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring 44. A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive 45. A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied 46. A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance 47. A.In comparison with B.In line with C.At the conclusion of D.At the cost of 48. A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function 49. A.group B.general C.physical D.personal 50. A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence 51. A.far-reaching bor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed 52. A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies 53. A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement 54. A.mature B.initial C.different D.final 55. A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special 答案：41-55:DDCBABBADCAABBCMy father decided to start learning French when he was57.On the surface,his retirement hobby seems a little random—our family has no connection to French-speaking countries—but his__41__ran deeper than a passion for cakes.My grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔兹海默症)in her early70s,and studies suggest that being bilingual,that is,being able to speak two languages equally well,can__42__the start of the condition by up to five years.Drawn by that__43__benefit,many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age,like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity.Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially__44__though.“We use language in all aspects of daily life,so a bilingual brain is__45__working,”said Mark Antoniou,a professor at Western Sydney University who specializes in bilingualism.The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how__46__you speak it.The cognitive(认知的)benefit is from having to__47__your mother tongue,which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language.So if the second language is used a lot,you’re getting that cognitive __48__.That process is called cognitive inhibition.In theory,by improving these types of processes,the brain becomes stronger to the__49__caused by diseases like dementia.The stronger your mental power,the thinking goes,the longer you can function normally,even if your brain health starts to__50__.However,evidence for the benefits of learning a second language as a hobby in your60s is__51__.Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults60and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program,people who played games like Sudoku did as well.Two more recent studies on the topic found virtually no__52__in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential__53__.One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers,who may have already been at peak performance for their age,making it hard to see any__54__. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.The handful of studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their__55__and frequency.Some studies taught participants for eight months,others for just one very intense week.41. A.affection B.contribution C.motivation D.struggle42. A.delay B.prevent C.signal D.stimulate43. A.additional cational sting D.potential44. A.beneficial mon C.impractical D.rare45. A.carelessly B.constantly C.creatively D.delicately46. A.long B.often C.soon D.well47. mand B.practice C.restrict D.spread48. A.function B.psychology C.system D.training49. A.damages B.operations C.pains D.signs50. A.decline B.improve C.matter D.restore51. A.available B.mounting C.stronger D.weaker52. A.difference B.involvement C.point D.reduction53. A.applications B.explanations C.findings D.suggestions54. A.diversities B.improvements C.outcomes D.possibilities55. A.content B.intention C.length D.requirement答案：41-55CADAB BCDAA DABBCPicture this:you’re out to dinner with a friend who you know makes a lot more money than you do.When you open the___41___,your heart sinks.There’s not a dish in sight that is less than$35,and even a soup is going to run you$18. You probably vow(发誓)to___42___dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner.___43___,this time,what if you just turned to your friend,closed the menu,and said,“Sorry,I have to be honest.I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else?”That’s the idea behind“loud budgeting”,a trend that could not only relieve you of the___44___burden,but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally.In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and___45___to be something they’re not,it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford.The term was first introduced by TikTok(抖音)comedian Lukas Battle.Battle explained his concept in an interview: simply put,loud budgeting is being___46___about what you do and don’t want to spend money on.Since his video,the concept has caught on rapidly among the___47___,who are pointing out that it has come at a significant time when everything is uncontrollably expensive.It’s not just a TikTok thing though.Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the___48___. Nikolina Cuca,a financial advisor,says that she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients,causing them to spend ___49___on luxury items.“There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means.This trend helps young people moderate spending by___50___the idea of living within budgets.”Beyond just saving money,loud budgeting is also bringing people closer.Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family.By___51___discussing money goals,people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations.And perhaps the most valuable part of the loud budgeting trend is that it provides a sense of___52___.For example,if you tell a friend you are trying to cut back spending on drinks out,you are much___53___to stick with the goal than if you just keep it to yourself.With its focus on being open,spending wisely,and building___54___,loud budgeting is more than just a passing trend,but a cool way for the younger generation to___55___their finances.As more people adopt this approach,it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future.41. A.door B.menu C.bill D.wallet42. A.appeal to B.lead to C.stick to D.object to43. A.Otherwise B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.However44. A.financial B.cultural C.physical D.economical45. A.refusing B.pretending C.agreeing D.guaranteeing46. A.worried B.angry C.honest D.excited47. A.male B.female C.young D.old48. A.tradition B.truth C.treasure D.trend49. A.below their standards B.beyond their meansC.towards their goalsD.despite their differences50. A.normalizing B.criticizing C.memorizing D.visualizing51. A.endlessly B.intelligently C.openly D.formally52. A.belonging B.accountability C.flexibility D.rigidity53. A.less motivated B.less equipped C.more hesitant D.more likely54. A.connections B.business C.habitats D.reputation55. A.lose faith in B.take charge of C.do away with D.make up for答案：41-55BCDAB CCDBA CBDABSandhya Sriram is impatient.The stem-cell(干细胞)scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use,developing cultivated seafood.Yet no one was doing that in Singapore.So four years ago,she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean(甲壳纲动物)meat.(41)______,she registered her company,Shiok Meats in August2018.“Nobody was doing crustaceans,”says Sriram,Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder.“What do Asians eat the most?Seafood.It was a simple answer.And they’re so delicious.”A lifelong(42)______,she had never tried real shrimp,but she sampled it the week she registered the company.Today,the results of her(43)______can be seen at the headquarters of her company.During a fall2022visit,a bioprocess engineer looked into a microscope carefully.He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is(44)______crustacean cells.Under the lens,he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp,lobster,and crab prototypes(最初形态)to a select group of tasters,and it plans to(45)______regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April2023.That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners,putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat(46)______.As of this writing,only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products:Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is(47)______but only in Singapore.Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval,but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024,offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of(48)______than crustaceans from farms.But even if that ambitious(49)______is met,it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans.It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory,along with(50) ______consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup;it’s called the Valley of Death,”says Sriram.“We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet,but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.”Nevertheless,the impatient entrepreneur is(51)______.Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of2023,where a500-liter and a2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major(52)______from its current50-and200-liter bioreactors.The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.(53)______these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean anic waste,chemicals,and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater.Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty,as growing protein in a lab helps avoid(54)______animals.And cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s(55)______cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.In a word,when science meets seafood,many wonderful things happen naturally.41. A.Eagerly B.Hurriedly C.Incidentally D.Interestingly42. A.dieter B.foodie C.taster D.vegetarian43. A.discipline B.enthusiasm C.discovery D.mindset44. A.growing B.investigating C.increasing D.targeting45. A.accept B.adopt C.grant D.seek46. A.farm B.race C.section D.line47. A.available B.affordable petitive D.profitable48. A.additive B.cruelty C.meat D.salt49. A.guideline B.transformation C.condition D.timeline50. A.demanding B.directing C.persuading D.training51. A.delightful B.insightful C.open-minded D.optimistic52. A.difference B.emergence C.sacrifice D.leap53. A.Tracking B.Supervising C.Popularizing D.Sampling54. A.feeding B.killing C.mistreating D.trapping55. A.captured B.stranded C.consumed D.produced答案：41~55ADBAD BABDC DDCBCCity air is in a sorry state.It is dirty and hot.Outdoor pollution kills4.2m people a year,according to the World Health Organization.Concrete and tarmac,meanwhile,absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also__41__plants which would otherwise cool things down by evaporative transpiration（蒸腾作用）.The never-ceasing__42__of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands,discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees.Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly__43__tiny particles floating in the air,which are then washed to the ground by rain.Besides transpiration,they provide__44__.To cool an area effectively,trees must be planted in quantity.Two years ago,researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need40%tree__45__to cut urban heat back meaningfully.Unfortunately,not all cities—and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries—are__46__with parks,private gardens or a sufficient number of street trees.And the problem is likely to get worse.At the moment,55% of people live in cities.By2050that share is expected to reach68%.One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial__47__to this lack of urban vegetation.It is to plant miniature simulacra（模拟物）of natural forests,ecologically engineered for rapid growth.Over the course of a career that began in the1950s,their leader,Miyawaki Akira,a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan,has developed a way to do this starting with even the most__48__deserted areas.And the Miyawaki method is finding increasing__49__around the world.Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebuild the process of ecological succession,by which__50__land develops naturally into mature ually,the first arrival is grass,followed by small trees and,finally,larger ones. The Miyawaki method__51__some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.Dr Miyawaki has__52__the planting of more than1,500of these miniature forests,first in Japan,then in other parts of the world.Wherever they are planting,though,gardeners are not restricted to__53__nature’s recipe book to the letter.Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements.A popular choice,__54__,is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support,thus creating an orchard that requires no maintenance.If your goal is to better your__55__surroundings,rather than to save the planet from global warming,then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.41. A.thrive B.nourish C.displace D.raise42. A.assessment B.maintenance C.spread D.replacement43. A.release B.trap C.reflect D.dissolve44. A.attraction B.shadow C.interaction D.shade45. A.consumption B.coverage C.interval D.conservation46. A.blessed B.lined C.piled D.fascinated47. A.treatment B.obstacle C.warning D.solution48. A.unnoticed B.unpromising C.untested D.unfading49. A.criticism B.favor C.sponsor D.anxiety50. A.bare B.graceful C.faint D.mysterious51. A.highlights B.skips C.improves D.pushes52. A.accessed B.spotted C.supervised D.ranked53. A.disturbing B.balancing C.following D.reducing54. A.for example B.in essence C.on the other hand D.after all55. A.suburban B.leisure C.scenic D.immediate答案：41-45CCBDB46-50ADBBA51-55BCCAD9.2024届上海市闵行区高三英语二模专题汇编：完形填空In Favour of Simple WritingDo you edit text messages carefully before sending them?If so,you may be the kind of person who takes pride in 41even the simplest message.If you do not,you may see yourself as a go-getter,one who values excitement and speed over42:get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.People are constantly receiving messages,from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert.What to read, what to skim(略读)and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day.A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of43,even in informal lines.The authors also present well-established44that have long been prized in guides to writing.Take“less is more”.Most books on writing well advocate the advice to45needless words.The authors, however,have46the idea.In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127to49words almost47the response rate.Keeping messages to a48idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on.49the number of the available options has the same effect,too.A link in an email, 50,attracted50%more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.Syntax(句法)and51matter,too.It is more52to adopt short and active sentences,with common words familiar to everyone.From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews,even brief,informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.If everyone is a busy reader,everyone is a busy writer,too.That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as 53as possible and hope for the best.But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans,devoting time to the needs of readers has provable54.If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete,then you might as well have not55it at all.41.A.conveying B.understanding C.crafting D.sending42.A.care B.quantity C.simplicity D.technology43.A.reader B.poster C.learner D.writer44.A.structures B.principles C.aims D.alternatives45.A.remove B.ignore C.reconsider D.interpret46.A.conveyed B.translated C.tested D.shaped47.A.lowered B.affected C.doubled D.maintained48.A.basic B.positive C.definite D.single49.A.Recording B.Reducing C.Counting D.Estimating50.A.in comparison B.after all C.for instance D.in particular51.A.word-choice B.pattern-design C.target-setting D.platform-selection52.A.difficult B.suitable C.challenging mon53.A.carefully B.often C.politely D.quickly54.A.outcomes B.points C.figures D.benefits55.A.received B.written C.read D.answered答案：41.C42.A43.D44.B45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.C51.A52.B53.D54.D55.B。

【专题汇编】上海市2023年高三英语二模：完形填空

You have to make a speech.You have done your research and now have plenty of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across.The big41you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts.Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper,and all you have is the main topic.You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then42how those ideas fit together.These are just two cases that many people deal with43.Some use outlining to flesh out and44their ideas,but is that the best strategy?If everyone thought in a linear(线性的)manner,then the answer would be yes,but most people don't.Enter mind mapping,a45that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another.This two-dimensional(二维的)46is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to47.Mind maps have proven to increase not only productivity and48but also memory.More than 250million people worldwide use them,so why don't you have a try and see what they are all about?What is a mind map?Simply put,it is one's ideas put into the form of a49diagram that starts with a central idea.Put this idea in a bubble(气泡)in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts.It should look like a many-legged e words,short phrases or50to express your ideas. These associations often lead to other ideas that can be added at the same level or in smaller branches where51. Use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch's52.You are now mapping your thoughts and ideas in the way your brain thinks.Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures,colors and visual arrangement has improved people's recall and memory of information by10to15percent.But it doesn't stop there.Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement,53people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind.54,it increases one's productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster while communicating more effectively.So whether you're55a project or writing a research paper,make this technique a core part of your planning process!41.A.purpose B.change C.question D.project42.A.turn out B.take out C.give out D.figure out43.A.consequently B.frequently C.entirely D.barelyanize B.express C.share D.spread45.A.process B.foundation C.technique D.result46.A.route B.structure C.objective D.direction47.A.remember B.confirm C.draw D.design48.A.confidence B.capacity C.efficiency D.creativity49.A.vivid B.special C.visual D.normal50.A.images B.sentences C.passages nguages51.A.obvious B.appropriate C.meaningful D.empty52.A.function B.extension C.connection D.determination53.A.encouraging B.enabling C.reminding rming54.A.Additionally B.Sincerely C.Briefly D.Generally55.A.in love with B.in terms of C.in favour of D.in charge ofIt’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms.But new research suggests that 41drinks and even100%fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers.The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was42to an18%rise in overall risk for cancer.The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier,research director at the University of Paris.Her team collected data on more than100,000French men and women,average age42,who took part in a national43.The participants answered questions about how much of3,300different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were44for up to nine years.The st ud y un co v er ed lin ks between the con su mpti on of su gary drin ks an d the risk of cancer 45,and for breast cancer specifically.The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers(前列腺或结肠癌),but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding46.The research47no links between diet sodas(无糖汽水)and cancer,although more study is needed to confirm that,the authors noted.The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team48for age,sex,educational level,family history of cancer,smoking and physical activity,the researchers said.So,why the49?According to Touvier’s team,high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat,in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation(发炎)—all of which are risk50for cancer.It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in51cancer risk,the researchers theorized.A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the52diet,however.In a statement,the American Beverage Association said:“It’s important for people to know that all drinks—either with sugar or without—are53to consume as part of a balanced diet.America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’efforts to54the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar,smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.She said she wasn’t55by the findings.She noted that,for decades,these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease.On the other hand,“most of us should be drinking more water than we do,”Heller said.41.A.iced B.mineral C.bottled D.sweetened42.A.tied B.devoted C.reduced D.limited43.A.game B.study C.ceremony D.examination44.A.checked B.caged C.occupied D.followed45.A.in general B.without exception C.on the contrary D.by accident46.A.unreliable B.unexpected C.authoritative D.original47.A.uncovered B.anticipated C.established D.hid48.A.hunted B.adjusted C.prepared D.mounted49.A.research B.similarity C.connection D.impact50.A.behaviors B.assessments C.perceptions D.factors51.A.explaining B.increasing C.preventing D.predicting52.A.local B.nutritional C.average D.conventional53.A.safe B.impossible C.exceptional D.effective54.A.neutralize B.digest C.remove D.reduce55.A.annoyed B.surprised C.embarrassed D.delightedOne summer midnight several years ago,standing outside a wooden cabin in Michigan River,I looked up.The sky was filled with thousands of stars,the sight of which was almost enough to make me,a non-believer,offer a word of ____41____up into the star-filled sky.But to whom?Perhaps to Johan Eklof,author of The Darkness Manifesto.As a bat scientist,Eklof’s work on bats requires a specific kind of darkness—the____42____kind,unpolluted by light.But this category of darkness is____43____.In the1980s,Eklof tells readers,two-thirds of the churches in Sweden’s southwest housed bat colonies.Not any longer.“Today,forty years later,research I’ve done with my colleagues shows that this number has been reduced by a third,____44____light pollution and other factors.Because the churches are all____45____like carnivals(嘉年华)in the night,”he writes.“We are surrounding ourselves with light.”Excess light is incredibly____46____to the complex eco-systems nocturnal(夜间活动的)animals inhabit.It ____47____away the bats that Eklof studies.It frightens light-sensitive moths,leaving them easily____48____to predation(捕食)or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love.Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched.Birds do not migrate____49____ and even they forget to sing.Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts,but they have not.At least,not yet.It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can____50____for a darker world—for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots.But darkness is not safe for everyone.We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so____51____in the first place.The bottom line:We can change if we want to.Some of the solutions to light pollution—motion-detecting lights, shielded lights that do not____52____light upward,artificial light with wavelengths that is similar to natural light—are already within our grasp,if we just____53____them.“We could just turn it all off,but I guess we don’t want to,”said Eklof in a recent interview.“____54____,it’s vital we find a middle way.”Right now it is hard to know what that middle way might look like.In50years,every city could be equipped with an array of programmed and____55____low-impact LED lights.Or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.41. A.honour B.gratitude C.optimism D.determination42. A.artificial B.brilliant C.faint D.absolute43. A.achieved B.distracted C.enhanced D.threatened44. A.resulting from B.bringing about C.judging by D.contributing to45. A.decorated B.restored C.lit D.faded46. A.effective B.sensitive C.positive D.destructive47. A.scares B.blows C.pulls D.turns48. A.accustomed B.subject C.available D.restricted49. A.on duty B.in turn C.on time D.in public50. A.stimulate B.advocate C.negotiate D.account51. A.challenging B.appealing C.demanding D.outstanding52. A.absorb B.stretch C.transform D.reflect53. A.reach for B.apply to C.long for D.adapt to54. A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.However D.Instead55. A.fundamentally B.scientifically C.environmentally D.economicallyFood-delivery firms are coming of age.Among teens and millennials,ordering food online is as41a habit as booking a room online.Just how42consumers are is clear from financial documents by DoorDash,America’s biggest food-delivery company.From January to September that year,it booked orders worth$16billion,up by198% year on year.The majority of America’s700,000or so eateries now43by means of a delivery app.Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food,as more women work and everybody is44time.In doing so,it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticized business models.Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus45.Restaurants delivered the food themselves and the middlemen were reliably profitable.46,the new “third-party logistics”firms like DoorDash and Uber Eats have to share the bills,which average around$30,three ways. Once drivers and restaurants take their47,not much is left.Until recently none of these startup firms made48,even in emerging markets where labour costs are far lower. Lack of obvious economies of scale or barriers to entry meant several competitors were fighting over market share by offering diners49discounts—and bleeding red ink in the process.They also faced the prospect of a sharp50 in labour costs,as California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees.51,the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on.DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis.Its in-app ads business offers juicy margins.The company sees itself as the digital hub for the convenience economy,connecting merchants,customers and riders;the word“platform”arose646times in its filing.It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items and selling last-mile52to other companies. Looking ahead,high unemployment amid a continuing economic downturn should mean lots of cheap labour.Other facts are53to swallow.DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined.The share prices of many listed digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers54on the news of an effective vaccine(疫苗).And despite their critics’defeat in California,gig firms (招临工的公司)will continue to face accusations of55their workers.In this respect,DoorDash has already joined the club of listed tech platforms.41.A.established B.cautious C.curious D.annoying42.A.aim-oriented B.addicted C.excited D.well-informed43.A.collect B.relay C.forecast D.distribute44.A.friendly to B.experienced in C.short of D.responsible for45.A.outside B.right C.online D.free46.A.By contrast B.For instance C.To sum up D.In turn47.A.edge B.role C.cut D.price48.A.money B.calls plaints D.movement49.A.trade B.generous C.mean D.cash50.A.break B.division C.blow D.rise51.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.However D.Consequently52.A.advertising B.delivery C.insurance D.productivity53.A.harder B.quicker C.easier D.slower54.A.doubled st C.mounted D.fell55.A.taking advantage of B.going along with C.looking out for D.putting up withSo many of us are terrible at being terrible.As our children venture off to school,sports,dances and music lessons, we urge them:Just try something,keep practicing,you’re only a beginner.And yet,faced with our own failure,we become less confident,and quit altogether.Images of perfection fill our social-media feeds,along with advertisements assuring us we wouldn’t be so__41__if we just bought this thing or tried that product.Parents often add to the pressure,__42__their kids will end up sliding down the socioeconomic ladder.What if we’re__43__?“It’s such a__44__not to have to be good,”says Karen Rinaldi,who refers to herself as a horrible surfer.After20 years on the board,she is still bad,and she loves it.There is the excitement of being out on the water,but there is also the __45__of not having to be the expert,the freedom to__46__help and rely on others in a way she never would at work. Back on land,she says she is more understanding and__47__others’mistakes.“The benefit of not__48__myself every day,”she says,“is that I get to surf every time I want.”Ms.Rinaldi,whose experience led to a book about what you can learn from failure,recommends asking yourself:“What is it that you’ve always wanted to do or try but were too__49__?”Whatever it is,she says,start doing it.Should you struggle,__50__the fact that you’re a beginner.“Go in there with the__51__to say,‘I’m new,’”she says.“People want to help you learn.It makes them feel good.”Take myself as another example.I started yoga lessons this summer.When I__52__Syd Schulz,a professional mountain biker,that I was terrible at the poses,her response was what did you expect?“It’s a little__53__to people who have spent years and years of their lives acquiring skills to think that you should have those overnight,”says Ms.Schulz. Years spent working on her cycling have taught her that improvement often comes in__54__steps,following long stretches of inactivity or even getting__55__.41. A.distressing B.imperfect C.impressive D.incredible42. A.fearing B.confirming C.hoping D.indicating43. A.missing out B.putting up C.setting in D.taking off44. A.burden B.nonsense C.puzzle D.relief45. A.disappointment B.nervousness C.preference D.satisfaction46. A.acknowledge B.offer C.refuse D.seek47. A.angry at B.delighted in C.embarrassed with D.patient with48. A.awarding B.forgiving C.isolating D.pushing49. A.afraid B.annoyed C.depressed D.exhausted50. A.accept B.conceal C.deny D.examine51. A.excitement B.modesty C.potential D.pride52. A.apologized to B.argued with plained to D.shouted at53. A.abusive B.amazing C.annoying D.attentive54. A.careful B.hesitant C.involuntary D.unsteady55. A.alert B.fulfilled C.improved D.worseHas someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment?If so,you may be a ___41___of gaslighting.“Gaslighting”is a kind of psychological abuse to gain___42___over others by purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right.The term comes from Patrick Hamilton’s play in1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is___43___,by saying she is imagining the dimming(变暗)of the gas light in their home,when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light.Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships.However,many individuals also experience gaslighting at work.___44___,a recent survey has found that58%of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work.It’s___45___since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others.In the workplace,the___46___between a boss and his employee can be the perfect breeding(滋生的) ground for this type of behavior.Your boss might tell you to handle an assignment in a certain way,but when you do,he gets___47___and says it wasn’t what he wanted.It makes you feel like your memory is___48___.In other situations, your boss may exclude you from a meeting___49___and when you ask him about it,he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly.In order to find out whether your boss’s behavior really___50___gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really happened,what his motives might have been,and how your emotion was___51___.But always be careful because gaslighters know how to fly under the radar(雷达). They are skilled at weakening an employee’s confidence and sense of reality in a clever and___52___way.To protect yourself,at the end of the conversation with your boss,repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points,___53___the interactions between you two.But don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem,Robin Stern,author of The Gaslight Effect,warns,because it’s hard to get a gaslighter to___54___his behavior pattern.If things don’t improve,you may want to consider getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position.It may be one of the best things you can do for your___55___well-being.41.A.creator B.victim C.host D.scholar42.A.power B.wealth C.support D.experience43.A.having fun B.feeling angry C.going crazy D.becoming younger44.A.By comparison B.Worse still C.After all D.In fact45.A.unsurprising B.irrelevant C.unnecessary D.improper46.A.harmonies B.dynamics C.phases D.replacements47.A.annoyed B.interested C.frightened D.excited48.A.visual B.painful C.faulty sting49.A.at random B.for sure C.in time D.on purpose50.A.recommends B.constitutes C.escapes D.discovers51.A.facilitated B.affected C.represented D.monitored52.A.hard-to-prove B.easy-to-spot C.safe-to-learn D.tough-to-survive53.A.interrupting B.overcoming C.abandoning D.documenting54.A.submit B.attain C.change D.forgive55.A.emotional B.physical C.virtual D.economicIt is Nobel Prize week,the one week every year when people from all corners of the globe celebrate science,read about ribosomes(核糖体),and give their best shot at trying to understand particle physics.It is also the one week when science is guaranteed some prime headline space on mainstream news outlets.And yet the science Nobels(in medicine, physics,and chemistry)present a(n)(41)______view of science.The problem starts with the(42)______of prize-winners selected every year.The rules governing the Nobel Prize (43)______it to just three winners in each category.This means that for every discovery that is awarded a Nobel,the majority of contributing scientists end up being(44)______.As a matter of fact,science has never been a(n)(45)______effort.Isaac Newton stood on the“shoulders of giants”; Neil Armstrong’s“one small step”was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists.Science is, and always has been,and repetitive process where individuals draw on discoveries made by others to(46)______ advance the boundaries of human knowledge.Yes,Albert Einstein famously won the Nobel Prize all by himself for a paper he alone authored,but he could not have made his discoveries without(47)______work by Max Planck,James Maxwell,and several others.To make matters worse,typical of the Nobel Prizes,none of the(48)______was a first author on any of the publications cited by the prize announcements.The first author of a scientific paper is typically the person who did the hands-on laboratory work,usually a graduate student or young post-doctoral researcher.It is precisely these(49)______ researchers who are in greater need of the Nobel Prize money than their generally tenured(终身的)supervisors.More basically,awarding the prizes to only three scientists spreads a vision of science as an individual enterprise. By ensuring that graduate students are not given(50)______recognition,the prizes reinforce(加强)the mistaken image of a scientist as an old white man in a lab coat.This can only(51)______gender and racial inequalities in science, especially further along in an academic career.Any one of these reasons is sufficient to(52)______the Nobel Prizes.Here is one idea:Award the Nobel Prizes not to(53)______but for discoveries;donate the prize money to an international science fund to promote further exploration in each year’s prize-winning field of research.A science-oriented Nobel,rather than a scientist-oriented one,would educate the public in the most important scientific developments and,(54)______,stimulate new scientific progress by using the prize money to fund the next generation of researchers.Science works best when the(55)______of one generation of scientists are paid forward to drive the next to even greater heights.That is to say,scientists of different generations work with joint efforts to support future scientific advancements for the betterment of society as a whole.41.A.strange B.outdated C.all-round D.advanced42.A.quality B.diversity C.discipline D.figure43.A.restrict B.extend C.relate D.apply44.A.employed B.ignored C.respected D.nominated45.A.terrific B.constant C.intellectual D.individual46.A.naturally B.rapidly C.gradually D.personally47.A.previous B.subsequent C.physical mercial48.A.employees B.addressees C.awardees D.refugees49.A.chief-position B.early-career C.senior-management D.academic-world50.A.due B.immediate C.literary ernmental51.A.turn down B.level off C.take away D.step up52.A.claim B.reform C.present D.announceanizers B.researchers C.sponsors D.supervisors54.A.in fact B.in comparison C.in theory D.in turn55.A.legends B.spirits C.achievements D.mysteriesIn a letter he wrote in1884,Mark Twain complained that“Telephones,telegraphs and words are too slow for this age;we must get something that is faster.”“We should communicate by thought only,and say in a couple of minutes what should have ballooned into___41___in an hour and a half,”said him.Despite the progress the previous century brought for our understanding of both language and the brain,we are no closer to telepathy(心灵感应),communication from one mind to another by___42___means,than we were in Twain’s time.The reason is that the telepathy we’ve been promised,the sort imagined by Twain,and___43___in countless movies and TV shows,is,for the time being,groundless.‘Good old-fashioned telepathy’(GOFT)involves a direct transfer of___44___from one mind to another.It has fascinated people for good reasons.It removes the___45___of language.With GOFT,we no longer need to put each concept into words or to___46___someone’s language.You know instantly what one means as the former channel of communication,language,is not at all necessary.The___47___of language is the central feature of GOFT.It is what enables science-fiction writers to imagine humans and aliens from other planets communicating telepathically despite not sharing a language.But can it really come true with current science and technology?Besides,GOFT promises genuine communication.However,___48___is universal.We all have experiences of saying one thing,only to be understood as saying something else.Because language is so flexible,it is also easy to lie or ___49___oneself.We aren’t even certain if Bob’s expression could be in line with what he believes in a year’s time.These weaknesses have driven people to look for alternatives and finally inspired inventions of artificial languages trying to remove misunderstanding.Of course,one day when technology allows,a direct thought-to-thought transfer seems the___50___solution.Many of us have the confidence that we can think faster than we can speak or write.Having to rely___51___on language to communicate,however,is depressing.Therefore,the___52___of adding new direct brain-to-brain communication channels is exciting.By channels of this kind,our brains can be‘___53___’and allowed to be committed to other___54___practices instead of conveying messages.New brain-to-brain channels have the potential to increase___55___,turning us into super-actors,handling so many tasks in a short period of time as we cannot yet imagine.41.A.words B.gestures C.actions D.costs42.A.extra-genetic B.extra-familial C.extra-sensory D.extra-legal43.A.sacrificed B.popularized C.enclosed D.balanced44.A.strength B.intelligence C.thoughts D.structures45.A.limitations B.expenses mand D.evolution46.A.replace B.update C.decode D.imitate47.A.avoidance B.discrimination C.employment D.expansion48.A.reluctance B.privacy C.fear D.misinterpretation49.A.contradict B.indicate C.delay D.justify50.A.multiple B.invisible C.ultimate D.equivalent51.A.roughly B.casually C.entirely D.willingly52.A.distraction B.prospect C.origin D.regulation53.A.fed up B.set up C.cut off D.let loose54.A.profitable B.meaningful C.steady D.typical55.A.charm B.recognition C.efficiency D.enduranceWhat will you do when you are hungry?Of course,anyone would go and grab something to eat.And then,what determines the41of food you take in?You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger.The conventional concept that42is the key factor is open to challenge.In recent years,a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake(摄入)are influenced by a large number of factors besides our43 need for energy.Some of the factors include our eating44and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown that45eating,for instance,eating while watching TV,or a similar distraction,can increase both hunger and food consumption.Even simple46clues,like plate size and lighting,have been shown to affect consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term47also may play a role in appetite.Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them—48,how much they remembered eating.This difference suggests that the recall of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our49than the actual size of the meal,says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom,a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.These findings agree with the earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes50our body’s response to the food itself.In a2011study,for instance,people who drank the same380-calorie milkshake on two51occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙),depending on whether the shake’s52said it contained620or140calories.Moreover,the participants reported feeling53when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calories shake.What does this mean to our eating habits?Although it hardly seems practical to cheat ourselves into eating less,the new findings do highlight the benifit of focusing on our food,avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight against54while we are eating.By55mindful eating techniques, you have the opportunity to change your current eating habits by becoming more self-aware and in tune to your body’s hunger cues.41. A.quality B.amount C.nutrient D.variety42. A.deliciousness B.hunger C.nutrition D.flavor43. A.occasional B.potential C.external D.biological44. A.environment B.content C.time D.ability45. A.habitual B.purposeful C.unfocused D.absorbed46. A.optional B.visual C.hidden D.flexible47. A.vacancy B.hunger C.supply D.memory48. A.in other words B.as a whole C.by all means D.all in all49. A.motive B.growth C.appetite D.health50. A.advocate B.trick C.justify D.enhance51. A.identical B.alternative C.dependent D.separate52. bel B.function age D.material53. A.wiser B.healthier C.happier D.fuller54. A.distress B.waste C.distraction D.fullness55. A.employing B.perceiving C.clarifying D.assuming。

2012上海高考英语二模各区C篇阅读汇总

2012上海高考二模各区C篇阅读汇总崇明县：(C)Lots of bacteria can grow in the seemingly unfriendly environment under glaciers (冰川), a region formerly considered free of much biology. This finding by glaciologists working in Switzerland could help solve some puzzles of the last ice age and point the way for finding life on other planets.Bacteria with odd lifestyles have been under increasing study lately, with most research focused on the species which prefer hot homes. The new study shifts attention to the other end of the thermometer(温度计). The exciting thing is the idea of pushing the window of acceptable bacterial environments a little bit farther open.Researchers have previously collected small numbers of bacteria from ice in Antarctica and Greenland, but they could not determine whether these were active bacteria or just frozen cells blown in by wind. In contrast, the earth beneath two Swiss glaciers harbors large colonies of bacteria — hundreds of millions of cells per gram —that appear to be growing at 0℃.Scientists followed upon these findings by taking samples of ice, water, and earth at two mountain glaciers. They found that earth beneath the glaciers contained much larger populations of bacteria than did surface and inner part of ice. Those findings indicate that the bacteria were growing at the bottom of the glacier and are not something washed in while the scientists drilled through the ice.Looking at the bacteria under a microscope (显微镜), the researchers found that many were in the process of dividing, and healthy under the ice. The bacteria might break down minerals and plant remains originally buried beneath the glacier or later washed in by water going slowly through the ice, scientists say.―So me of the assumptions we have made in the past now must be seriously questione d,‖ say researchers. ―If bacteria can live under glaciers on Earth, why not on other planets? The new study points out in many ways that the bottoms of glaciers are probably quite good environments from the point of view of bacteria. So, maybe the bottom of the ice sheets on other planets would be a sensible place to try if you’r e going to look for life on them.‖72. What is special about the new study on bacteria?A. It focuses on the bacteria in hot environments.B. It opens the windows of the bacterial labs wider.C. It pays more attention to the bacteria in the thermometer.D. It changes scientist s’ v iew about the environment bacteria exist in.73. Which of the following facts proves that bacteria under glaciers are alive?A. Water is going slowly through the ice.B. The drills used by scientists are free of bacteria.C. Many of the bacteria are in the process of dividing.D. The earth beneath the glacier contains more bacteria.74. From the passage we can learn that .A. bacteria disappear in the inner part of iceB. bacteria must be also alive on other planetsC. bacteria can grow in extreme weathersD. bacteria grow by breaking themselves down75. The passage is mainly about the possibility of the existence of life .A. under the seaB. in hot waterC. on other planetsD. under glaciers奉贤区：(C)The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost. As the Lancet put it recently, ―When we try to describe faces precisely, words fail us, and we resort to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures.‖Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat, though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, the experts tend to differ.Thus, some argue that it is inborn, and that there are ―special characteristics about the brain’s ability to distinguish faces‖. In support of this, they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual horse. On the other hand, there are those, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one.The arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be confessed, are impressive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, how a quite young baby recognizes his mother by sight. Granted that his other senses help – the sound, his sense of smell, the distinctive way she handles him. But of all these, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit, and one that is, essential for daily living, if not necessarily for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty.This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but such people can often recognize individuals by their voices, their walking manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity, many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features. 72. It is stated in the passage that ______.A. it is unusual for a person to be able to identify a face satisfactorilyB. the ability to recognize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual giftC. quite a few people can visualize faces they have seenD. few people can give exact details of the appearance of a face73. What the author feels strange about is that _______.A. people have the tremendous ability to recognize more than 1,000 facesB. people don’t think much of the problem of how and why we acquire the ability torecognize and remember facesC. people don’t realize how essential and valuable it is for them to have the ability torecognize facesD. people have been arguing much over the way people recognize and rememberfaces74. What is the first suggested explanation of the origin of the ability?A. It is one of the characteristics peculiar to human beings.B. It is acquired soon after birth.C. It is something we can do from the very moment we are born.D. It is learned from our environment and experiences.75. This passage seems to emphasize that ______.A. the ability to recognize individuals is dependent on other senses as well as sightB. sight is indispensable (必需的) to recognizing individualsC. the ability to recognize faces is a special inborn ability of the brainD. the importance of the ability of recognizing faces is fully appreciated by people.虹口区：(C)There are a couple of ways to forecast the destructive potential of a hurricane (飓风) so that people in the way can take adequate precautions(预防措施). Satellite images of cloud patterns can be analyzed to estimate peak wind speeds, but the estimates are often way off the mark. Specialized aircraft can fly into a storm to measure the winds directly, but the flights are costly.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology come up with a third way: listening to a storm underwater.In a paper to be published in Geophysical Research Letters, Nicholas C. Makris and a former graduate student, Joshua D. Wilson, report a strong connection between the intensity (强度) of sound recorded by an undersea microphone in the mid-Atlantic and the wind power of a hurricane that passed over it. They say that such microphones, known as hydrophones, could be a safe and relatively inexpensive means of estimating hurricane force.Dr. Makris and Dr. Wilson, who are now with Applied Physical Sciences Corporation, worked out the theory of underwater acoustic(声音的) monitoring of storms in a 2005 paper. ―To be very frank with you, it’s a mystery what makes storms noisy underw ater.‖ Dr. Makris said. The most popular idea currently is that it has something to do with oscillating air bubbles (气泡振动).The researchers then went looking for experimental data to back their theory, and found it from a hydrophone placed at a depth of 2,500 feet by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration. It happened that Hurricane Gert passed over the area in September 1999, and a hurricane-hunter plane directly measured the wind speed at the same time. The hydrophone data showed sound intens ity rising when the storm’s outside wind ―wall‖ passed over, and again when the inside wall, the most destructive part of the storm near the eye, passed over. ―We got a beautiful connection,‖ Dr. Makris said, ―between the hydrophone data and the actual wind speeds as measured by the aircraft.‖Dr. Makris is conducting additional experiments, working with the Mexican Navy off the west coast of Mexico. The eventual goal, he said, would be permanent hydrophones in known hurricane zones or temporary ones that could be easily laid by plane or ship in the path of a coming storm.72. Compared with the traditional methods, the new way of measuring is_____.A. more expensiveB. more directC. less dangerousD. less accurate73. Which statement is WRONG according to the article?A. The scientists gained support from different fields.B. Dr. Makris and Dr. Wilson have figured out what makes storms noisy underwater.C. The scientists have found the relationship between the changes of sound intensity and the force of the hurricane.D. There are several ways for people to forecast the force of the coming hurricane.74. Why is Dr. Makris now making other experiments with the help of the Mexican Navy off the west coast of Mexico?A. To place permanent hydrophones in some zones.B. To collect more images of cloud patterns.C. To be secure in carrying out their experiments.D. To get more information from the hurricane-hunter planes.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Ways to Stop the Destructive Force of a HurricaneB. Connection between the Intensity of Sound and the Wind Power of a HurricaneC. Hydrophones, Safe but Expensive Means of Estimating Hurricane ForceD. Measuring a Hurricane by Sound Underwater黄浦区：(C)The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial（冰川的）activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.72．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of__________.A. the drowning of the Maine coastlineB. glacier’s forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range73．From the passage, we learn that __________.A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island74．What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers.C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education.D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.75．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island浦东新区：（C）Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity(监禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木场), over approximately the same time period.The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years——more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity(肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.72. According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants ____ .A. have difficulty eating food.B. 1ive to a ripe old age.C. are not afraid of predators.D. develop health problems.73. Which of the following about the international scientists' research on the life spans of elephants is NOT true? (See paragraph 3)?A. They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.B. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.C. They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.D. The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.74. What do the scientists find in their research?A. Female elephants live longer than male elephants.B. Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.C. Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts.D. Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans.75. Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A. It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species.C. Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.D. Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.徐汇，金山，松江：(C)People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with a green focus in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a self sufficient community along the harbour front of British Columbia's capital city. The community will be home to 2500 people and will consist of residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation（通风）, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require pesticides（杀虫剂）to grow.Energy efficiency is one of the top concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures（照明设备）reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres as studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing（冲洗）toilets.Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions（排放）. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transportation system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels (化石燃料).Dockside residents will benefit from excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and plentiful green open spaces. The Eco-Community will favour the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be desirable places to live, promoting a tangible（看得见的）sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.72. Which of the following is TRUE about Dockside Green according to the passage?A. It is an environmental charity aiming at reducing carbon footprint.B. It is a self sufficient community with a population of 2500 people.C. It is being built along the harbor front that is threatened by pollution.D. It emphasizes the importance of green energy and energy efficiency.73. Bamboo is a favorable choice for builders because it _________.A. provides good air circulationB. keeps pets outside the houseC. grows quickly and easilyD. does not produce any waste74. Which is NOT one of the issues Dockside Green hope to address in the future?A. Convincing local factories not to pollute the air.B. Creating an alternative to fossil fuels heating.C. Having people pay for individual household usage.D. Promoting the car share program to the residents.75. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ways to Reduce Carbon FootprintB. Green Energy: New Trends in CanadaC. Eco-Communities: Dockside GreenD. Wise Investment in Eco-Communities杨浦，青浦，宝山，静安：(C)Being less than perfectly well-dressed in a business setting can result in a feeling of great discomfort that may well require treatment to eliminate. And the sad truth is that ―clothing mismatches‖on the job can ruin the day of the person who is wearing the inappropriate attire(着装)—and the people with whom he or she comes in contact.Offices vary when it comes to dress codes. Some businesses have very high standards for their employees and set strict guidelines for office attire, while others maintain a more relaxed attitude. However, it is always important to remember that no matter what your company’s attitude is regarding what you wear, you are working in a business environment and you should dress properly. Certain items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business meeting, just as shorts and a T-shirt are better suited for the beach than for an office environment. Your attire should reflect both your environment and your position. A senior vice president has a different image to maintain than that of a secretary or sales assistant. Like it or not, you will be judged by your personal appearance.This is never more apparent than on ―dress-down days‖, when what you wear can say more about you than any business suit ever could. In fact, people will pay more attention to what you wear on dress-down days than on ―business professional ‖ days. Thus, when dressing in ―business casual‖ clothes, try to put some good taste into your wardrobe choices, recognize that the ―real‖ definition of business casual is to dress just one notch(等级) down from what you would normally wear of business-professional attire days.Remember, there are borders between your career and our social life. You should dress one way for play and another way when you mean business. Always ask yourself where you are going and how other people will be dressed when you get there. Is the final destination the opera, the beach, or the office? Dress properly and you will discover the truth in the principle that clothes make the man—and the woman. When in doubt, always misjudge on the side of dressing slightly more traditionally than the situation demands.72. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to dress properly in a business setting.B. A president of a company should dress differently from a secretary or sales assistant.C. The differences between professional and casual dress.D. Improper dress will make a person feel uncomfortable.73. Which of the following statements is true?A. Every company has strict rules regarding office dress.B. You can wear whatever you like if your company doesn’t have high standards for dressing.C. You should dress according to the business setting even when there are no fixed rules.D. In companies with relaxed rules on office dress, you can’t spot a manager among others.74. Which statement best describes ―dress-down days‖?A. On dress-down days, you can wear whatever you like.B. People’s clothes on dress-down days don’t receive much attention.C. We can’t judge a person’s taste by his clothes on dress-down days.D. People are usually more careful about what they wear on dress-down days than on other occasions.75. Which of the following is NOT the rule offered in the passage with regard to business dress?A. Remember to ask others for advice when you are not sure about what to dress.B. Think about how other guests will wear if you are invited to a dinner.C. For a business meeting and a concert, you should dress differently.D. Dress a bit traditionally if you are not sure about proper dress for a certain occasion.。

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——简答

2012届上海市高三二模英语试卷——简答(崇明)In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person‘s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this ―faceless‖communication doesn‘t create problems. Identity doesn‘t really matter when you‘re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They‘re looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn‘t get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don‘t have to worry about what their ―faceless‖ communication is doing for their image. In a sense, they‘re not really themselves.All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it‘s easy to let one‘s imagination ―fill in the blanks.‖ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: ―Life in the real world is far richer than anything you‘ll find on a computer screen.‖(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. We learn about a person in cyberspace only through ______________________________.82. Why is the Internet a great place for exciting conversation?83. What makes online love relationship often fail?84. From the passage we can learn that the writer __________________________ looking forlove on the Internet.81. the thoughts they type / the words on a computer screen82. Because people focus on the ideas while talking. / Because it puts emphasis on the ideas themselves.83. Communicating with an imaginary person. / Not truly knowing a person.84. disagrees with / objects to / is against（奉贤）Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a newculture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional ―roller coaster‖ they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate（犹豫不定）between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situation.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of heir familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsake are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the 1st paragraph,what have experts been interested in?82. What are the two problems people face when entering a new culture?83. Coping with new situations may result in__________.84. The author thinks the more effective way to solve ―cultural shock‖ is__________.81. Culture shock‘s effects on people.82. Emotional ―roller coaster‖ and fatigue83. mental fatigue84. fitting some past regular routine into the new culture(虹口)From bankers to factory staff, employees in the west face the bleak prospect (暗淡的前景) of losing their jobs as a global recession (衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East the painis more likely to come through a pay cut.Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to keep jobs in difficult times, which will stop unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting Western shift to Eastern flexibility.―In the Confucian (儒家的) attitude, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There is the sense of collective responsibility whereas(然而) in the W est, it‘s more about the individual survival,‖ said Michael Benotlel, associate d professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University.Steven Pang, Asian Regional Director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was a responsibility ― to take care of the members of the family and go through the pain together‖ even if that meant causing losses.US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousand. But at the Asian units of Western multinationals, job cuts will probably be less severe.Japan‘s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 per cent in January, while Hong Kong‘s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals (对手) from abroad.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What caused the different practices of Asian and Western firms facing the global recession?82. Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn?83. Firms in the west would lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect because of ______.84. ______ will make the differences in East and West less noticeable.81. The cultural differences between the East and the West.82. Because they needn‘t rehire or train new staff. / Because they won‘t / don‘t need to rehire ortrain new staff.83. the individual survival.84. More firms becoming more multinational and competition(黄浦、嘉定)All of us communicate with one another non-verbally, as well as with words. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else‘s eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair.These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensive as language.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its difference along with spoken language. A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, with a future-tense verb, Americans often gesture with a forward movement.There are regional idioms too. An expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, moral background, social class and personal style all influence your body language.Usually, the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the non-verbal elements express very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels liked or disliked, often it‘s a case of ―not what he said but the way he said it.‖ Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with this formula: total impact of a message = 7% verbal + 38% gestural + 55% facial.Experts in kinesics – the study of communication through body movement – are not prepared to spell out a vocabulary or gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or rejecting something. But there are other possible interpretations, too. Another example: When a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man‘s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection; it can be a challenge to the professor‘s authority; or it can be something else entirely. The experts look for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81．What idea does the author aim to convey in paragraph 2?82．Besides moral background, __________ are the other three factors affecting people‘s body language.83．F rom Albert‘s formula, we learn that the body language __________.84．What can you conclude from the examples given in paragraph 5?81. Every culture has its own body language.82. sex, social class and personal style83. plays a more(most) important role in communication84. The same body language / gesture has different meanings. /The same body language / gesture can be given several interpretations.(静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦)Frogs, toads and salamanders usually make us think of green, slimy little monsters. These monsters actually belong to a very special class of animals called the amphibians. Amphibians can live both on land and in the water. They commonly inhabit ponds, rivers, marshes and other wetlands.Today, amphibians are becoming extinct very quickly from all the six continents where they are found. More than 25 countries are reporting sharp drops in the populations of amphibians. In some places, embryos (胚胎) are dying; in others, adults are missing. Why are they dying off?Scientists blame human interference. Industrial waste and toxic gases given out by factories, manufacturing plants and cars are steadily poisoning the breeding grounds of amphibians. Chemicals such as sulphur dioxide rise high into the atmosphere and mix with rain. This makes the rain acidic and thus kills off delicate amphibian embryos.More rare species of amphibians are already gone. Costa Rica's Golden toads have not been seen since 1989. The Australian Gastric Brooding frogs are extinct. Leopard frog numbers are dropping in the Rocky Mountains. Leopard frogs live in the wetland regions in these areas. The wetlands are being drained to make way for highways, industry and new housing.Another threat to the amphibians is the increased ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet rays come from the sun and are extremely harmful to living things. They can cause skin cancer in humans. Luckily for us, ultraviolet rays are blocked by a thick layer of ozone above the earth's atmosphere. Ozone is a special kind of oxygen which absorbs ultraviolet radiation. Now, the ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals called CFC's which are given off by factories. A hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antar ctica in the late 1980‘s. As a result, more ultraviolet rays are reaching the earth and more amphibians are dying.Just as the emergence of new infectious diseases such as Bird Flu are a threat to human and animal populations across the world, amphibian species are also facing their most significant threat from a little understood disease. A chytrid fungus is understood to be of the major causes of frog death across the world.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)81. _____________________________________indicate that amphibians are dying out quickly.82. What‘s the destructive force of acid rain?_________________________________________________________________________.83. The ozone layer protects people by _____________________________________________.84. List at least two major factors that lead to the extinction of amphibians._________________________________________________________________________.81. The sharp drops in the populations of amphibians from over 25 countries82. It kills off delicate amphibian embryos.83. absorbing/ blocking the (harmful) ultraviolet radiation84. Human interference, increased ultraviolet radiation and new infectious diseases（闵行）High school dropouts (辍学者) earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study moves away a common belief why they quit. It‘s much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can‘t cut it. They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright. So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.―The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.‖ John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About one million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So, if failing grades don‘t explain why these kids quit, what does? Again, John Bridgeland: ―The most dependable finding was that they were bored.‖ ―They found classes uninteresting; they weren‘t inspired or motivated. They didn‘t see any direct connection between what they were learning in th e classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.‖The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher, says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school.―As these dropouts look back, they realize they‘ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure.‖New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point－the need for reform. It‘s been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS) 81. What do people think of those who quit school?82. Many students quit school not because they cannot pass grades but because they find lessons_________________________.83. Why don‘t some students quit until they are sixteen?84. According to the passage, the more effective way to keep students from quitting is to_________________________.81. (They are) lazy and not bright.82. uninteresting and not relevant to real life/ having no direct connection with their lives83. Because that‘s the age to be allowed to quit. / Because that‘s the compulsory attendance agerequired by law.84. reform or reinvent high school education（浦东）Planting trees around poultry(家禽) farms can improve air and water quality – and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia (氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.The trees capture dust, ammonia and smells in their leaves. They can also reduce energy use. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.Several years ago, people were objecting to the smell of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United States. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow.But then in the 60s, farms began to use mechanical ventilation(通风) systems. Instead of windows, the mechanical systems used tunnel fans to circulate(使…循环) air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.Researchers began dealing with the problem in 2000. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by 18%.Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.81. How did the mechanical ventilation system work?82.The number of chickens raised on the poultry farms in Delmarva is up to ____________________.83.The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms are __________________________________.84. What is the main topic of the passage?81. By using tunnel fans to circulate air82. 150 million83. cutting pollution, saving money and energy, and make the neighbors happy84. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms（普陀）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, ‗Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?‘‖ says Ballmer. ―There was just a complete gap in taste.‖Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, ―To my mother, my best friend.‖But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. ―There‘s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,‖ says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. ―In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.‖Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the ‗before‘ side of that change, but today‘s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‗after‘ side,‖ explains Mr. Ballmer. ―It‘s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.‖(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. The underlined word ―gulf‖ in Para.3 most probably means ______________.82. How is the generation gap getting narrow today?_____________________________________________.83. What is the change in today‘s parent-child relationship?_________________________________________________84. The purpose of the passage is to ___________________________.81.distance82.Parents share more interests with their children.83. New equality between parents and children84.discuss the development of the parent—child relationship（徐汇、金山）When the Internet powerhouse Yahoo wanted to teachethics（道德标准）to its employees, it faced a challengefamiliar to multinational companies.Yahoo employs nearly 14,000 people at 25 sites worldwide. They would feel bored at sitting down in front of a dated video in which actors with 1980s haircuts tell them what to do. So it hired a company called The Network to design a game. In the game, the truck where Yahoo was founded traveled the world, turning into a boat and a helicopter along the way as it visited some of Yahoo‘s foreign offices. Participants play in game show-like scenarios（场景）that quiz them about conflicts of interest and doing business fairly. And employees note: Yahoo is tracking how well they do.Such activities draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively than traditional methods. They are described as alternative-reality games (ARGs), involving both interactive and real-world elements. Besides teaching employees, ARGs have also been used in many areas for a number of different purposes.From a marketing perspective, a number of very successful ARGs have been written as a way to build product awareness. A very popular ARG called I Love Bees was produced to market the 2004 video game Halo 2. At its height, I Love Bees received between two to three million unique visitors over the course of three months.ARGs are more than just a fun way to learn. They have also been used to solve real world problems. An ARG called World Without Oil was created to obtain collective input from players about dealing with the world‘s dependency on oil.World without Oil simulates（模拟）the first 32 days of a global oil crisis and anybody could play by creating a personal story that recorded the imagined reality of their life in the crisis. World Without Oil‘s success on a small budget has opened the door for similar games to engage mainstream Internet users with climate change, education reform, governmental policy and other timely, vital issues.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What challenge did yahoo face in teaching ethics to its employees?82. In the game designed for yahoo, participants had to answer questions about ________.83. What are the three major functions of ARG mentioned in the passage?84. The success of World Without Oil suggests that ARGs can ________.81. （How to）draw more enthusiastic participation and teach more effectively.82. conflicts of interest and doing business fairly83. Teaching employees, building product awareness and solving real world problems.84. engage mainstream Internet users with more timely, vital issues（杨浦1.5）Do you know anyone who suffers from equinophobia, pluviophobia or leukophobia? Or, to put it another way, do you know anyone who is very afraid of horses, rain or the colour white? You probably don't, and yet these are recognized medical conditions, though very rare ones.According to many surveys, more than ten per cent of people in the United States have some kind of phobia (the word comes from the Greek phobós, meaning fear). There are, of course, dozens of different kinds, ranging from the obscure to the well known. The names of most of themhave been created by adding 'phobia' to a Greek or Latin root - a process that has turned into something of a word game, with people inventing names for conditions that perhaps exist only in theory (for example androidophobia, the fear of robots).True phobias consist of an intense fear that produces a very strong desire to avoid the object of that fear. Without specialist help they are very difficult to control and tend to disrupt the daily life of the sufferer.Phobias often originate from upsetting experiences earlier in life - for example an intense fear of dogs (cynophobia) often comes from having been bitten by one; In some cases, however, experts suggest phobias are to some extent evolutionary, arising not from personal experience but from inherited memory lying deep in our brains. Arachnophobia and ophidiophobia (the fear of snakes) are often suggested as examples: for our distant ancestors, who lived closer to nature than we do, fear of poisonous spiders and snakes would have served the useful evolutionary purpose of helping them avoid potentially fatal bites.A common technique for treating some phobias is that of 'progressive exposure' in which sufferers are encouraged by a therapist to gradually get closer to the object of their fear. The idea is that at each step the patient realizes nothing bad is happening to them, which should lead to their fear gradually decreasing. With someone who is terrified of spiders, for example, the therapist might start by showing them a picture of a spider, then introducing a real spider in a glass box and slowly moving the box closer to them, then finally having them hold the spider in the palm of their hand. Therapy of this kind is said to be very effective, although in this case perhaps not very enjoyable.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS) 81. When we want to create a name to describe the condition of a person who has the fear of ice, the name is usually ended with _______________________________________.82. A sufferer of a true phobia usually desires strongly to _______________________________.83. What are the two possible reasons for different kinds of phobias?84. In the last paragraph, the writer gives an example of the treatment of someone who is terrified of spiders to illustrate the meaning or ________________________________________.81. phobia82. avoid the object of his fear83. Upsetting experiences earlier in life and inherited memory.84. progressive exposure（闸北）A commercial transaction, in its simplest form, involves a customer paying for goods or services. But these days, that is just the first step. Businesses want your opinion of them, too, and their requests for feedback now seem to come with every purchase.Prime reason for the trend is that software companies like SurveyGizmo and QuestionPro have made it possible for small companies to create customer surveys at a small part of the cost of traditional surveys. Out of desperate thirst to lock in customer loyalty, businesses of all sizes see surveys as a window into the emotional world of their customers which serve like a database that will offer guidance in that field.。

超实用高考英语复习：2012年高考英语试题(全国新课标卷)完型填空(含答案解析)

2012年全国普通高等学校招生考试(新课标全国卷)英语第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36than words．According to specialists，our bodies send out more 37 than we realize．In fact，non-verbal(非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really 38．And body language is particularly 39when we attempt to communicate across cultures．Indeed，what is called body language is so 40 a part of us t hat it’s actually often unnoticed．And misunderstandings occur as a result of it．41，different societies treat the 42between people differently．Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43contact(接触)even with friends，and certainly not with 44．People from Latin American countries，45，touch each other quite a lot．Therefore，it’s possible that in 46，it may look like a Latino is 47 a Norwegian all over the room．The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving 48．The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep 49— which the Latino will in return regard as 50 ．Clearly，a great deal is going on when people 51．And only a part of it is in the words themselves．And when parties are from 52cultures，there’s a strong possibility of 53 ．But whatever the situation，the best 54 is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be 55．36．A．straighter B．louder C．harder D．further 37．A．sounds B．invitations C．feelings D．messages 38．A．hope B．receive C．discover D．mean 39．A．immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult 40．A．well B．far C．much D．long 41．A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 42．A．trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings 43．A．eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone44．A．strangers B．relatives C．neighbours D．enemies 45．A．in other words B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means 46．A．trouble B．conversation C．silence D．experiment 47．A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 48．A．closer B．faster C．in D．away 49．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．coming out 50．A．weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness 51．A．talk B．travel C．laugh D．think 52．A．different B．European C．Latino D．rich 53．A．curiosity B．excitement C．misunderstanding D．nervousness 54．A．chance B．time C．result D．advice 55．A．noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased36．B【解析】根据首句的内容可知身势语比话语表达更"响亮"。

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