大学英语六级考试2019年6月第2套真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Mutual Understanding and Respect in Interpersonal RelationshipsFor college students, a harmonious interpersonal relationship, especially among classmates, can guarantee their healthy growth and development. And as for me, mutual understanding and respect is the key to building this harmony.For one thing, college students come from all over the country and they all have their own way of life and customs, so when having conflicts with each other, only mutual understanding and respect can make both sides reach an agreement. If they can reach a consensus, it will be good for them to maintain long-term friendly relations. For another thing, mutual understanding and respect can make students more willing to learn from their teachers and classmates, thus making them study more efficiently, which is conducive to creating a harmonious learning atmosphere for classes.In conclusion, mutual understanding and respect is the basis of good interpersonal relationships. Just as the saying goes, if you want to win the respect of others, you first need to respect others. Therefore, whenever you disagree with others, try to put yourself in their shoes and be more tolerant and understanding.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored崇拜Audrey Hepburn奥黛丽赫本.2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family's suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing外向的、活泼的person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed解雇、开除、解散.D) No new staff will be hired.7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring重组、改制、调整.C) The communication channels.D) The company's new missions.8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy治疗、疗法animals to soothe安慰、安抚nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus金星、维纳斯.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20 A) It resembles相似、类似于Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology人文心理，文化心理学.D) Motivation and positive feelings.23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion意向、动作、打手势-detecting发现、调查、察觉watches.D) By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised个人化的、个性化的fight is still vivid生动的、鲜明的、形象的in the minds of many inventors发明家、发明者, some developing cycle-powered 循环电力、电能循环craft工艺、手艺、太空船, others _I_26pouring倾注、倾泻__ money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the _O_27 ultimate最后的、最终的、极限的、根本的__ symbol象征、符号、标志of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced _J_28prototypes原型、雏形__ that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus空中巴士has a futuristic未来主义的modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be _B_29detached单独的、拆卸的__ from the road-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter直升机-type machine.But all these concepts are massively大量的、沉重的expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need _C_30dual 双的、双重的__ controls, involve complex folding折叠wings翅膀、展翼andpropellers推进器、螺旋桨, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses群众、大众.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another _K_31random任意的、随机的__ street is unlikely to happen, ”says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical航空的engineer. "Sky taxis are much more likely." But that won't stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes _H_32outrageous太离谱的、不可能的__ schemes方案、设计.Civilian平民，百姓aviation飞行、航空is being disrupted破坏、中断, not by the age-old古老的、由来已久的desires欲望、心愿for speed, romanticism浪漫主义的and _D_33glamour 魅力、迷人的、魔力的__, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and _A_34autonomous自发的、自主的、自治的__ systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, "When I travel somewhere I like this notion意图、打算、见解、概念that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That's completely at _F_35_odds几率、胜算、赔率、不平等_ with how I feel today." Now that would be progress.A) autonomous B) detached C) dual D) glamour E) imminent F) odds G) opposites H) outrageous I) pouring J) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum O) ultimateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U. S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U. K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. . They want to make their customers interested in preserving their productsand preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store ，which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear,' at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company's CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash, They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company's values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum- materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $ 52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products :J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools , even f they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $ 100, DeWalt launched a trade-inprogram to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion's share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $ 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between theretailer/producer and the consumer isn't just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have——but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products' prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers. F37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy. C38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness. M39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.E40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.G41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.N42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.H43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products' ifespan.B44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.J45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb.17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ 23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation- -a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million."It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue," said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. "This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer , who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects."Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. " I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee."And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. "I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors "represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, "if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies."46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against为反对……而罢工some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations谈判、协商、磋商between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped收获、收割huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay额外的费用、额外的报酬based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate调节、控制the launching of new satellites卫星.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set设立、设定international standards for the space fight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough彻底的、深入的analysis of any possible addition to除……之外、另外space debris空间碎片.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B) Develop technology to address处理、讲话the space debris problem.C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。
大学英语2019年6月六级真题第2套(1)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A）He would feel insulted.B）He would feel very sad.C）He would be embarrassed.D）He would be disappointed.2. A）They are worthy of a prize.B）They are of little value.C）They make good reading.D）They need improvement.3. A）He seldom writes a book straight through.B）He writes several books simultaneously.C）He draws on his real-life experiences.D）He often turns to his wife for help.4. A）Writing a book is just like watching a football match.B）Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.C）He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.D）Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A）Achievements of black male athletes in college.B）Financial assistance to black athletes in college.C）High college dropout rates among black athletes.D）Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.6. A）They display great talent in every kind of game.B）They are better at sports than at academic work.C）They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.D）They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.7. A）About 15%.B）Around 40%.C）Slightly over 50%.D）Approximately 70%.8. A）Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.B）College degrees do not count much to them.C）They have little interest in academic work.D）Schools do not deem it a serious problem.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A）Marketing strategies.B）Holiday shopping.C）Shopping malls.D）Online stores.10. A）About 50% of holiday shoppers.B）About 20%–30% of holiday shoppers.C）About 136 million.D）About 183.8 million.11. A）They have fewer customers.B）They find it hard to survive.C）They are thriving once more.D）They appeal to elderly customers.12. A）Better quality of consumer goods.B）Higher employment and wages.C）Greater varieties of commodities.D）People having more leisure time.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A）They are new species of big insects.B）They are overprescribed antibiotics.C）They are life-threatening diseases.D）They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.14. A）Antibiotics are now in short supply.B）Many infections are no longer curable.C）Large amounts of tax money are wasted.D）Routine operations have become complex.15. A）Facilities.B）Expertise.C）Money.D）Publicity.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A）, B）, C）, and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A）It is accessible only to the talented.B）It improves students’ ability to think.C）It starts a lifelong learning process.D）It gives birth to many eminent scholars.17. A）They encourage academic democracy.B）They promote globalization.C）They uphold the presidents’ authority.D）They protect students’ rights.18. A）His thirst for knowledge.B）His eagerness to find a job.C）His contempt for authority.D）His potential for leadership.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A）Few people know how to retrieve information properly.B）People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.C）Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.D）People tend to underestimate their mental powers.20. A）They present the states in a surprisingly different order.B）They include more or less the same number of states.C）They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.D）They contain names of the most familiar states.21. A）Focusing on what is likely to be tested.B）Having a good sleep the night before.C）Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.D）Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.22. A）Discover when you can learn best.B）Change your time of study daily.C）Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.D）Follow the example of a marathon runner.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A）He is a politician.B）He is a businessman.C）He is a sociologist.D）He is an economist.24. A）In slums.B）In Africa.C）In pre-industrial societies.D）In developing countries.25. A）They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.B）Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.C）They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.D）Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Youmay not use any of the words in the bank more than once.After becoming president of Purdue University in 2019, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two yearsbefore, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels, needed to 27 the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess the critical thinking skills of students as they progress. Yet like many college teachers around the United States, the faculty remain 29 that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning30 such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason”. However the professors can use 31 metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly 32 earlier studies. The organizers o f the experiment concluded that far fewer students were “achieving at high levels on a critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy”. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global 33 for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important. But employers are 34 advanced thinking skills from college graduate. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be 35 measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Elite Math Competitions Struggle to Diversify Their Talent Pool[A]Interest in elite high school math competitions has grown in recent years, and in light of last summer’s U.S.win at the International Math Olympiad—the first for an American team in more than two decades—the trend is likely to continue.[B] But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by Asian and white students from middle-class and affluent families, become any more diverse? Many social and cultural factors play roles in determining which promising students get on the path toward international math recognition. But efforts are in place to expose more black, Hispanic, and low-income students to advanced math, in the hope that the demographic pool of high-level contenders will eventually begin to shift and become less insular.[C] “The challenge is if certain types of people are doing something, it’s difficult for other people to break into it,” said Po-Shen Loh, the head coach of last year’s winning U.S. Math Olympiad team and an associate professor of mathematics at Carnegie Mellon University. Participation grows through friends and networks and if “you rea lize that’s how they’re growing, you can start to take action” and bring in other students, he said.[D]Most of the training for advanced-math competitions happens outside the confines of the normal school day. Students attend after-school clubs, summer camps, online forums and classes, and university-based “math circles”, or mathematician-led groups, to prepare for the paper-based and face-to-face competitions.[E] One of the largest feeders for high school math competitions—including those that eventually lead to the International Math Olympiad—is a middle school program called MATHCOUNTS. About 100,000 students around the country participate in the program’s competition series, which culminates in a national game-show-style contest held each May. The most recent one took place last week in Washington. Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send students to regional and state competitions. The 224 students who make it to the national competition get an all-expenses-paid trip.[F]Nearly all members of last year’s winning U.S. IMO team took part in MATHCOUNTS as middle school students—as did Loh, the coach. “Middle school is an important age because students have enough math capability to solve advanced problems, but they haven’t really decided what they want to do with their lives,” said Loh. “They often get hooked then.”[G] Another influential feeder for advanced-math students is an online school called Art of Problem Solving, which began about 13 years ago and now has 15,000 users. Students use forums to chat, play games, and solve problems together at no cost, or they can pay a few hundred dollars to take courses with trained teachers. According to Richard Rusczyk, the company founder, the six U.S. team members who competed at the International Math Olympiad last year collectively took more than 40 courses on the site. Parents of advanced-math students and MATHCOUNTS coaches say the children are on the website constantly.[H]There are also dozens of summer camps—many attached to universities—that aim to prepare elite mathstudents. Some are pricey—a three-week, intensive program can cost $4,500 or more—but most offer scholarships. The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program—the three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that leads straight to the international championship—is free for those who make it. Only about 50 students are invited based on their performance on written tests and at the USA Math Olympiad.[I]Students in university towns may also have access to another lever for involvement in accelerated math: math circles. In these groups, which came out of an Eastern European tradition of developing young talent, professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several hours after school or on weekends. The Los Angeles Math Circle, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, began in 2007 with 20 students and now has more than 250.[J] According to Mark Saul, the director of competitions for the Mathematical Association of America, not a single African-American or Hispanic student—and only a handful of girls—has ever made it to the Math Olympiad team in its 50 years of existence. Many schools simply don’t prioritize academic competitions. “Do you know who we have to beat?” asked Saul. “The football team, the basketball team—that’s our competition for resources, student time, attention, school dollars, parent efforts, school enthusiasm.”[K]According to Lou DiGioia, the program’s executive director, those connections often last well into high school, and beyond. “Kids at the MATHCOUNTS national competition are in the top echelon of math intelligence—they’re just in their own world. It’s great for them to come together and have a network of people.” There is a downside to the social aspect of advanced-math competitions: It can breed insular communities.[L]A New York City-based nonprofit called Bridge to Enter Mathematics runs a residential summer program aimed at getting underserved, mostly black and Hispanic students working toward math and science careers. The summer after 7th grade, students spend three weeks on a college campus studying advanced math for seven hours a day. Over the next five years, the group helps the students get into other elite summer math programs, high-performing high schools, and eventually college. About 250 students so far have gone through the program, which receives funding from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation. （The foundation also supports some coverage of low-income, high-achieving students in Education Week.）[M]“If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they’re primarily centered around, ‘Let’s get these kids’ grades up,’ and not around, ‘Let’s get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids,’ ” said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program. “We’re trying to create that pathway.” Students apply to the program directly th rough their schools. “We want to reach parents who are not plugged into the system,” said Zaharopol.36. Middle school is a crucial period when students may become keenly interested in advanced mathematics.37. Elite high school math competitions are attracting more interest throughout the United States.38. Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors.39. Students may take advantage of online resources to learn to solve math problems.40. The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many underserved students learn advanced math.41. Winners of local contests will participate in the national math competition for free.42. Many schools don’t place academic competitions at the top of their prio rity list.43. Contestants of elite high school math competitions are mostly Asian and white students from well-off families.44. Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students’ math score.45. Some intensive summer programs are very expensive but most of them provide scholarships.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide onthe best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.We live today in indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in trying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modern dress code, letting playsuits and other activewear outfits suffice for casual closing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modern art” would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-ended with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed in home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers priced resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore clothing.Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel（服装）on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a d esigner’s life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. Theconsumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord&Taylor.Could utility alone justify the new ideas of American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?A）They made some improvements on traditional Parisian design.B）They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.C）They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.D）They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?A）It imitated the European model.B）It laid emphasis on women’s beauty.C）It represented genuine American art.D）It was a completely new invention.48. What characterized American designer sportswear?A）Pursuit of beauty.B）Ease of care.C）Decorative closings.D）Fabric quality.49. What occurred in the design of women’s apparel in American during 1930s-40s?A）A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility.B）The emulation of traditional Parisian design.C）A search for balance between tradition and novelty.D）The involvement of more women in fashion design.50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?A）They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B）They radically changed people’s concept of beauty.C）They advocated equity between men and women.D）They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling land fills contribute to one of the more uncomfortable impacts thathumans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead of flying thousands of milesin search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks（鹳）from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering（过冬）on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbis h dumps. “For the birds it’s a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on,” said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed in with other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys.“It’s very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die,” said Flack. “And we don’t know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet.”The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.Landfill sites on the Iberian Peninsula have long attracted local white storks, nut all of the Spanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in the northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risks of feeding on landfills. But that’s not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystems both at home and at their winterdestinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could have unexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts （蝗虫）and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. “They provide a useful service,” said Flack.51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?A）They have forced white storks to search for safer shelters.B）They have seriously polluted the places where the birds spend winter.C）They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.D）They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?A）They can multiply at an accelerating rate.B）They can better pull through the winter.C）They help humans kill harmful insects.D）They are more likely to be at risk of dying.53. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps?A）They may end up staying there permanently.B）They may eat something harmful.C）They may evolve new eating habits.D）They may have trouble getting adequate food.54. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?A）They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter.B）They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.C）They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes.D）They join the storks from Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.55. What is scientists’ other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?A）The potential harm to the ecosystem.B）The genetic change in the stork species.C）The spread of epidemics to their homeland.D）The damaging effect on bio-diversity.Part VI Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。
2019年6月英语六级真题试卷二及答案(完整版 第2套)
2019年6月英语六级真题试卷二Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) A six- month-long negotiation.B) Preparations for the party.C) A project with a troublesome client.D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues.2. A) Take wedding photos.B) Advertise her company.C) Start a small business.D) Throw a celebration party.3. A) Hesitant.B) Nervous.C) Flattered.D) Surprised.4. A) Start her own bakery.B) Improve her baking skill.C) Share her cooking experience.D) Prepare for the wedding.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard.5. A) They have to spend more time studying.B) They have to participate in club activities.C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline.6. A) Get ready for a career.B) Make a lot of friends.C) Set a long-term goal.D) Behave like adults.7. A) Those who share her academic interests.B) Those who respect her student commitments.C) Those who can help her when she is in need.D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does.8. A) Those helpful for tapping their potential.B)Those conducive to improving their social skills.C)Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.D)Those conducive to their academic studies.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking.B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.C) They are good at refining old formulas.D) They bring their potential into full play.10. A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.B) They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing techniques.C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.D) They made explosive news in the sports world.11. A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.B)He competed in all major skiing events in the world.C)He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.D)He broke three world skiing records in three years. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They appear restless.B) They lose consciousness.C) They become upset.D) They die almost instantly.13. A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.B)It keeps returning to you every now and then.C)It leaves you with a long lasting impression.D)It contributes to the shaping of you mind.14. A) To succeed while feeling irritated.B) To feel happy without good health.C) To be free from frustration and failure.D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods.15. A) They are closely connected.B) They function in a similar way.C) They are too complex to understand.D) They reinforce each other constantly.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They differ in their appreciation of music.B) They focus their attention on different things.C) They finger the piano keys in different ways.D) They choose different pieces of music to play.17. A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.C) They try hard to meet the spectators’expectations.D) They attach great importance to high performance.18. A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.B) It adopts a conventional approach to research.C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.D) It gives rise to controversy among experts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) People’s envy of slim models.B) People’s craze for good health.C) The increasing range of fancy products.D) The great variety of slimming products.20. A) They appear vigorous.B) They appear strange.C)They look charming.D) They look unhealthy.21.A) Culture and upbringing.B) Wealth and social status.C)Peer pressure.D) Media influence.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) The relation between hair and skin.B) The growing interest in skin studies.C)The color of human skin.D) The need of skin protection.23. A) The necessity to save energy.B) Adaptation to the hot environment.C)The need to breathe with ease.D)Dramatic climate changes on earth.24. A) Leaves and grass.B) Man-made shelter.C)Their skin coloring.D) Hair on their skin.25.A) Their genetic makeup began to change.B)Their communities began to grow steadily.C)Their children began to mix with each other.D)Their pace of evolution began to quicken.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others 26 money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be29 from the road-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need 30 controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown fromair-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people’s playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen,”says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. “Sky taxis are much more likely.”But that won’t stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes.Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and33 , but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says,“When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That’s completely at 35 with how I feel today.”Now that would be progress.A) autonomous I) pouringB) detached j) prototypesC) dual K) randomD) glamour L) repressingE) imminent M) segmentedF) odds N) spectrumG) opposites O) ultimateH) outrageousSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025.The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially whentossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they’re promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently,Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company’s CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint”since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have providede-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products:J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn’t always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $100, DeWalt launched a trade-in programto encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion’s share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retailer/producer and the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating usedmaterials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have--but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products’prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers.37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness.39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products’lifespan.44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions. The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,”said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,”says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee. “And yet that happens every day in the video game world,”Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.”So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. Oneimpetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seemsurprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit-Vanguard 1-turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set international standards for the space flight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题与参考答案(全三套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。
2019年6月英语六级听力含答案(第2套)
2019年6月大学英语六级听力及答案Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family's suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed.D) No new staff will be hired.7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels.D) The company's new missions.8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20 A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology.D) Motivation and positive feelings.23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D) By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.Htt去ps://pa中n.ba文idu.c末om四/s/位19yX7zwaLu5提c0BojT_取-3YkQrh码p21. D2. B3. A4. D5. A6. C7. B8. D9. C10. B11. A12. C13. A14. D15. B16. A17. D18. C19. B20. A21. B22. C23. D24. C25. B。
第2套2019年6月英语六级真题及答案
第2套2019年6月英语六级真题及答案Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【答案】How to deal with the complicated interpersonal relationships always remains a major worry for most of us. Wise words or books that aim to teach us to tackle this daunting issue are, almost without exception, putting stress on mutual understanding and respect, the significance of which seems self- evident.Mutual understanding requires us to put ourselves in each other’s place and be forgiving of others’ diffic ulties. By doing so, we will become more easy-going and accessible, and thus more likely to avoid unnecessary conflicts and frictions with others, a common trigger for a failed relationship. Mutual respect—for privacy, lifestyles, hobbies, professions, opinionsand the like— helps create a friendly atmosphere that encourages us to share and exchange our ideas openly without the fear of feeling offended.To sum up, this principle of socializing is certainly a prerequisite for healthy and stable interpersonal relationships. Neglect of it will lead us to end up being estranged from, or even hostile to, each other.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have justheard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.【答案】D2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family’s suspension of financial aid.【答案】B3. A) She was not an outgoing person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.【答案】A4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people’s help.【答案】DQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.【答案】A6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed.D) No new staff will be hired.【答案】C7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels.D) The company’s new missions.【答案】B8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By vis iting the company’s own computer network.【答案】DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long passages. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.【答案】C10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.【答案】B11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.【答案】AQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome. 【答案】C13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.【答案】A14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.【答案】D15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.【答案】BSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings oflectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.【答案】A17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.【答案】D18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.【答案】CQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle. 【答案】B20 A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth. 【答案】A21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.【答案】BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology.D) Motivation and positive feelings.【答案】C23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.【答案】D24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D) By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.【答案】C25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.【答案】BPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list, of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words on the blank more than once.The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others 26 money into jetpacks（喷气飞行背包）.However, the flyingcar has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom.26. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) randomL) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum 0) ultimate 【答案】I27. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum0) ultimate【答案】OSeveral companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular （组件式的）concept involving a passenger capsule that can be 29 from the road-going chassis （底盘）and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.28. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum 0) ultimate 【答案】J29.________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypesK) randomL) repressingM) segmentedN) spectrum0) ultimate【答案】BBut all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need 30 controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people’s playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.30. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) randomL) repressingM) segmentedN) spectrum0) ultimate【答案】C“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen,” says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. “Sky taxis are much more likely." But that won’t stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes.31. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmentedN) spectrum 0) ultimate 【答案】K32. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypesK) randomL) repressingM) segmentedN) spectrum0) ultimate【答案】HCivilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and 33, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupledwith artificial intelligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, “When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish ray journey I feel better than when I started it. That's completely at 35 with how I feel today.” Now that would be progress.33. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum 0) ultimate 【答案】D 34. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentF) oddsG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) randomL) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum 0) ultimate 【答案】A35. ________A) autonomousB) detachedC) dualD) glamourE) imminentG) oppositesH) outrageousI) pouringJ) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum 0) ultimate 【答案】FDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce Waste[A] As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.[B] Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from sellingnew goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.[C] When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.[D] For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.[E] Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.[F] For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair theirclothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company’s CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.[G] In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint" since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values.[H] Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum-materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about S 52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish （翻新）old electronic components and parts into new products.[I] For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products:[J] Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partnerswith companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.[K] Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $ 100, DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.[L] Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomestoo high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion’s share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $ 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.[M] Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retailer/producer and the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.[N] These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement （采购）: less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.[O] Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting belter use out of the resources we already have-but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products’ prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers.【答案】F37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.【答案】C38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness.【答案】M39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.【答案】E40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.【答案】G41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.【答案】N42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.【答案】H43. It seems commonly believed that companies are notmotivated to prolong their products' lifespan.【答案】B44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.【答案】J45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.【答案】DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set （制作中）safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced S23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals （追加酬金）for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation-a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,”said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance（从事自由职业的）perform er, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.“And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors ‘‘represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, “if we pa y them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies."46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations between them had broken down.【答案】D47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.【答案】A48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.【答案】C49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.【答案】A50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.【答案】BPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. SpacePolicy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate （缓解）the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations （星座）, comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more。
大学英语2019年6月六级真题第2套
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(二)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there willbe a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语六级考试2019年6月第2套真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Mutual Understanding and Respect in Interpersonal RelationshipsFor college students, a harmonious interpersonal relationship, especially among classmates, can guarantee their healthy growth and development. And as for me, mutual understanding and respect is the key to building this harmony.For one thing, college students come from all over the country and they all have their own way of life and customs, so when having conflicts with each other, only mutual understanding and respect can make both sides reach an agreement. If they can reach a consensus, it will be good for them to maintain long-term friendly relations. For another thing, mutual understanding and respect can make students more willing to learn from their teachers and classmates, thus making them study more efficiently, which is conducive to creating a harmonious learning atmosphere for classes.In conclusion, mutual understanding and respect is the basis of good interpersonal relationships. Just as the saying goes, if you want to win the respect of others, you first need to respect others. Therefore, whenever you disagree with others, try to put yourself in their shoes and be more tolerant and understanding.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored崇拜Audrey Hepburn奥黛丽赫本.2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family's suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing外向的、活泼的person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed解雇、开除、解散.D) No new staff will be hired.7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring重组、改制、调整.C) The communication channels.D) The company's new missions.8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy治疗、疗法animals to soothe安慰、安抚nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus金星、维纳斯.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20 A) It resembles相似、类似于Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology人文心理，文化心理学.D) Motivation and positive feelings.23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion意向、动作、打手势-detecting发现、调查、察觉watches.D) By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised个人化的、个性化的fight is still vivid生动的、鲜明的、形象的in the minds of many inventors发明家、发明者, some developing cycle-powered 循环电力、电能循环craft工艺、手艺、太空船, others _I_26pouring倾注、倾泻__ money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the _O_27 ultimate最后的、最终的、极限的、根本的__ symbol象征、符号、标志of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced _J_28prototypes原型、雏形__ that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus空中巴士has a futuristic未来主义的modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be _B_29detached单独的、拆卸的__ from the road-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter直升机-type machine.But all these concepts are massively大量的、沉重的expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need _C_30dual 双的、双重的__ controls, involve complex folding折叠wings翅膀、展翼andpropellers推进器、螺旋桨, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses群众、大众.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another _K_31random任意的、随机的__ street is unlikely to happen, ”says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical航空的engineer. "Sky taxis are much more likely." But that won't stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes _H_32outrageous太离谱的、不可能的__ schemes方案、设计.Civilian平民，百姓aviation飞行、航空is being disrupted破坏、中断, not by the age-old古老的、由来已久的desires欲望、心愿for speed, romanticism浪漫主义的and _D_33glamour 魅力、迷人的、魔力的__, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and _A_34autonomous自发的、自主的、自治的__ systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, "When I travel somewhere I like this notion意图、打算、见解、概念that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That's completely at _F_35_odds几率、胜算、赔率、不平等_ with how I feel today." Now that would be progress.A) autonomous B) detached C) dual D) glamour E) imminent F) odds G) opposites H) outrageous I) pouring J) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) segmented N) spectrum O) ultimateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U. S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U. K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. . They want to make their customers interested in preserving their productsand preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store ，which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear,' at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company's CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash, They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company's values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum- materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $ 52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products :J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools , even f they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $ 100, DeWalt launched a trade-inprogram to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion's share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $ 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between theretailer/producer and the consumer isn't just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have——but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products' prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers. F37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy. C38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness. M39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.E40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.G41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.N42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.H43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products' ifespan.B44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.J45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb.17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ 23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation- -a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million."It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue," said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. "This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer , who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects."Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. " I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee."And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. "I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors "represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, "if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies."46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against为反对……而罢工some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations谈判、协商、磋商between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped收获、收割huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay额外的费用、额外的报酬based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate调节、控制the launching of new satellites卫星.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set设立、设定international standards for the space fight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough彻底的、深入的analysis of any possible addition to除……之外、另外space debris空间碎片.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B) Develop technology to address处理、讲话the space debris problem.C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。
2019英语六级真题(第2套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) A six- month-long negotiation.B) Preparations for the party.C) A project with a troublesome client.D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues.2. A) Take wedding photos.B) Advertise her company.C) Start a small business.D) Throw a celebration party.3. A) Hesitant.B) Nervous.C) Flattered.D) Surprised.4. A) Start her own bakery.B) Improve her baking skill.C) Share her cooking experience.D) Prepare for the wedding.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard.5. A) They have to spend more time studying.B) They have to participate in club activities.C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline.6. A) Get ready for a career.B) Make a lot of friends.C) Set a long-term goal.D) Behave like adults.7. A) Those who share her academic interests.B) Those who respect her student commitments.C) Those who can help her when she is in need.D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does.8. A) Those helpful for tapping their potential.B)Those conducive to improving their social skills.C)Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.D)Those conducive to their academic studies.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking.B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.C) They are good at refining old formulas.D) They bring their potential into full play.10. A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.B) They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing techniques.C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.D) They made explosive news in the sports world.11. A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.B)He competed in all major skiing events in the world.C)He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.D)He broke three world skiing records in three years.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They appear restless.B) They lose consciousness.C) They become upset.D) They die almost instantly.13. A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.B)It keeps returning to you every now and then.C)It leaves you with a long lasting impression.D)It contributes to the shaping of you mind.14. A) To succeed while feeling irritated.B) To feel happy without good health.C) To be free from frustration and failure.D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods.15. A) They are closely connected.B) They function in a similar way.C) They are too complex to understand.D) They reinforce each other constantly.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They differ in their appreciation of music.B) They focus their attention on different things.C) They finger the piano keys in different ways.D) They choose different pieces of music to play.17. A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.C) They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations.D) They attach great importance to high performance.18. A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.B) It adopts a conventional approach to research.C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.D) It gives rise to controversy among experts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) People’s envy of slim models.B) People’s craze for good health.C) The increasing range of fancy products.D) The great variety of slimming products.20. A) They appear vigorous.B) They appear strange.C)They look charming.D) They look unhealthy.21.A) Culture and upbringing.B) Wealth and social status.C)Peer pressure.D) Media influence.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) The relation between hair and skin.B) The growing interest in skin studies.C)The color of human skin.D) The need of skin protection.23. A) The necessity to save energy.B) Adaptation to the hot environment.C)The need to breathe with ease.D)Dramatic climate changes on earth.24. A) Leaves and grass.B) Man-made shelter.C)Their skin coloring.D) Hair on their skin.25.A) Their genetic makeup began to change.B)Their communities began to grow steadily.C)Their children began to mix with each other.D)Their pace of evolution began to quicken.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others 26 money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be29 from the road-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need 30 controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people’s playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.“A car that takes off from some Lo ndon street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen,” says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. “Sky taxis are much more likely.” But that won’t stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes.Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and33 , but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, “When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That’s completely at 35 with how I feel today.” Now that would be progress.A) autonomous I) pouringB) detached j) prototypesC) dual K) randomD) glamour L) repressingE) imminent M) segmentedF) odds N) spectrumG) opposites O) ultimateH) outrageousSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month. B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on theconsumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they’re promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. Acc ording to the company’s CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running ashoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsunghave provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products. I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products:J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn’t always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $100, DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion’s share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship bet ween the retailer/producer and the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting betteruse out of the resources we already have--but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products’ prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers.37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness.39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products’ lifespan.44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondarycompensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it m eans to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,”says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,”Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a mai n character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit-Vanguard 1-turned 60 in 2018. Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set international standards for the space flight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.。
2019年6月六级第二套听力原文及答案
2019年6月六级第二套听力原文及答案Section AConversation OneW: Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.M: I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean. I’ve seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast At Tifany’s and a few others, but I still don’t fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her.She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.M: Why didn’t she stick to dancing as a career?W: It seems it was fate. She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore, a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body. So she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York city? You know, the scene she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves. I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.W: No, that one is Breakfast At Tiffany's, That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.M: So what did she do after her acting career?W: She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That's where I got the idea to volunteer for children’s charity next weekend.M: I’ll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I’m all for supporting a good cause.Q1: What does the man say he never really understood?Q2: What prevented Audrey Hepburn from becoming a professional dancer?Q3: What do we learn about Audrey Hepburn in real lifeQ4: Why did Audrey Hepburn devote much her life to charity after her acting career?Conversation TwoW: So, how is our presentation about the restructuring of the company coming along？M: Fine, I’m putting the finishing touches to it now. But we’ll have to be prepared for questions.W: Yes, there’s already a feeling that this is a top down change. We really need to get everyone on board.M: Well, there’s been an extensive consultation period.W: I know, but there’s always the feeling that if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it. M: People are worried about their jobs, too. I think we need to stress that while there will be job changes, there won’t be anyone getting dismissed. In fact, we’re looking to take on more staff.W: Agreed. You can hardly blame people for worrying though. We need to make it clear that it’s not just change for change’s sake. In other words, we really must make the case for why we are doing it. So what’s the outline of the presentation? M: I’ll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change that we really need to make a clean break to restart growth. After tha t I’ll outline the new company’s structures and who’s going where. Then I’ll hand it over to you to discuss the timeline and summarize and we’ll take questions together at the end. Anything else?W: Oh, yeah, we should let the staff know the channels of communication, you know, who they can contact or direct questions to about these changes?M: Yes, and we can collect some frequently asked questions and present some general answers.W: Um, and we’ll make the presentation and the questions available via the company’s own computer network, right?M: Yes, we’ll make a page on the network where staff can download all thedetails.W: All right. Perhaps we should do a practice round of the presentation first. M: You bet.Q5: What is the man going to do?Q6: What does the man say about the restructuring?Q7: What will the man explain first?Q8: How can the staff learn more about the company’s restructuring? Section BPassage OneAirline passengers have to deal with a lot these days, getting bumped from flights and losing luggage on top of the general anxiety that nervous passengers always feel.At the Cincinnatirthern Kentucky International Airport, miniature horses deliver a calming force two times a month. Denver and Ruby are two of the 34 therapy horses brought in from a local farm. They can usually be found in the ticket counter area interacting with travelers. More than 30 airports across the country now have therapy dogs. San Francisco has a therapy pig. San Jose, California, began a dog program after the terrorist attacks of September 11. Since its beginning, the program has now grown and has 21 therapy dogs and a therapy cat.The animals don’t get startled. They have had hundreds of hours of airporttraining, so they are used to having luggage and people crowding around them. These professional animals are probably better at finding their way in the airports than the most frequent of travelers.The passengers often say that seeing animals makes them feel much better and helps them to calm down before a flight. This little bit of support can sometimes make a big difference. Some passengers enjoy the animals so much that they call the airport to schedule flights around their visits. Visits to nursing homes and schools are also a regular part of the horses’ sched ule. Their owner is already working on a new idea for a therapy animal—donkeys.Q9: What is special about the Cincinnatirthern Kentucky international airport?Q10: What are the trained animals probably capable of doing in an airport?Q11: What do some passengers try to do?Passage TwoHello, viewers. Today I’m standing at the 2000-year-old Roman-era site. Here the brightly-colored scenes that once decorated a mansion are being dug up. These scenes are turning up in the southern French city of Arles, surprising the historians who have been working here since 2014.Patches of paint still cling to the stone walls of the bedroom and reception hall. Some of these painted walls are preserved in places to a height of one meter. In addition, thousands of fragments that fell off the walls have been recovered. Thesepieces have been put back together with great care and display a variety of images. Some of these images include figures never seen before in France, such as a woman playing a stringed instrument, possibly a character from mythology.The paintings were done with such skill and with such expensive dyes that experts believe the artists originally came from Italy. They were likely hired by one of the city’s elite. Perhaps a Roman official wanted Pompeii-like interior to remind him of home. He was probably stationed in this provincial trading port founded in 46 B.C. as a colony for veterans of the Roman army. Or maybe a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication. The paintings may yield even more stunning surprises as additional sections are put together, like pieces of a puzzle. Whoever it was that created such magnificent pieces of art, they surely had no idea that their work would still be around thousands of years later.Q12: Where is the speaker standing?Q13: What do the thousands of fragments display when they are put back together? Q14: What makes experts think the paintings were done by artists from Italy?Q15: What do we learn from the passage about the owner of the mansion Section CRecording OneGood afternoon, class. Today I want to discuss with you a new approach to empirical research. In the past, scientists often worked alone. They were confined tothe university or research center where they worked. Today, though, we are seeing mergers of some of the greatest scientific mind, regardless of their location. There has never been a better time for collaborations with foreign scientists.In fact, the European Union is taking the lead. Spurred on by funding policies, half of European research articles had international co-authors in 2007.This is more than twice the level of two decades ago. The European Union’s level of international co-authorship is about twice that of the United States, Japan and India. Even so, the levels in these countries are also rising. This is a sign of the continued allure of creating scientific coalitions across borders.Andrew Schubert, a researcher at the Institute for Science Policy Research, says that the rising collaboration is partly out of necessity. This necessity comes with the rise of big science. Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated. These new complications require the money and labor of many nations. But he says collaborations have also emerged because of increased possibilities. The Internet allows like-minded scientists to find each other. Simultaneously, dramatic drops in communication costs ease long-distance interactions. And there is a reward. Studies of citation counts show that internationally co-authored papers have better visibility. Schubert says international collaboration is a way to spread ideas in wider and wider circles.Caroline Wagner, a research scientist at George Washington University, notes that international collaborations offer additional flexibility. Whereas local collaborations sometimes persist past the point of usefulness because of social oracademic obligations, international ones can be cultivated and dropped more freely.The collaborative trend is true across scientific disciplines. Some fields, though, have a greater tendency for it. Particle physicists and astronomers collaborate often. This is because they must share expensive facilities Mathematicians, by contrast, tend historically towards solitude. As a consequence, they lag behind other disciplines. However, Wagner says partnerships are rising there, too.The level of collaboration also varies from country to country. There are historical and political reasons as to why collaborations emerge, says Wagner. This rise is also apparently boosted by policies embedded in European framework funding schemes. These policies underlie funding requirements that often require teamwork.Q16: What do we learn about the research funding policies in the European Union? Q17: Why do researchers today favor international collaboration?Q18: What do we learn about the field of mathematics?Recording TwoGood evening. In 1959, on the day that I was born, a headline in Life magazine proclaimed “Target Venus: There May be Life There!” It told of how scientists rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations of Venus’s atmosphere, and how their discovery of water raised hopes that there could be living things there.As a kid, I thrilled to tales of adventure and Isaac Asimov’s juvenile science-fiction novel Luck Starr and the Oceans of Venus. For many of my peers, though, Venus quickly lost its romance. The very first thing that scientists discovered with the mission to another planet was that Venus was not at all the Earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed. It is nearly identical to our own planet in bulk properties such as mass, density, and size. But its surface has been cooked and dried by an ocean of carbon dioxide. Trapped in the burning death-grip of a runaway greenhouse effect, Venus has long been held up as a cautionary tale for everything that could go wrong on a planet like Earth. As a possible home for alien life, it has been voted the planet least likely to succeed. But I have refused to give up on Venus, and over the years my stubborn loyalty has been justified. The rocky views glimpsed by Venera 9 and other Russian landers suggested a tortured volcanic history. That was confirmed in the early 1990s by the American Magellan orbiter, which used radar to peer through the planet’s thick clouds and map out a rich, varied, and dynamic surface.The surface formed mostly in the last billion years, which makes it fresher and more recently active than any rocky planet other than Earth. Russian and American spacecraft also found hints that its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler, and possibly even friendly to life. Measurements of density and composition imply that Venus originally formed out of basically the same stuff as Earth. That presumably included much more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today. That presumably included much more water than thetiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today. Thus, our picture of Venus at around the time life was getting started on Earth is one of warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules, splashing around rocky shores and volcanic vents. The sun was considerably less bright back then. So, Venus was arguably a cozier habitat for life than Earth.Q19: What do we learn from the Life magazine article?Q20: What are scientists’ findings about VenusQ21: What information did Russian and American space probes provide about Venus?Recording ThreeI’m a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. I specialize in Cultural Psychology, examining similarities and differences between East Asians and North Americans.Our research team has been looking at cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings towards not only themselves, but things connected to themselves. For example, when you own something, you view it as more valu able than when you don’t own it. It’s called the “endowment effect”. The strength of that effect is stronger in Western cultures than in Eastern cultures. So we’ve been looking at other ways of seeing whether this motivation to view oneself positively is s haped by cultural experiences. We’ve also started tolook at how culture shapes sleep.We are still in the exploratory stages of this project—although what’s noteworthy is that East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than Nort h Americans do. And it’s not a more efficient sleep, not like they’re compressing relatively more value out of their hours. Other studies have found that even infants in East Asia sleep about an hour less than European infants. So we’re trying to figure ou t how culture shapes the way you sleep.Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. Instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches, and they wear them for a week at a time. Whenever they are not having a shower or swimming, they keep it on. These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient their sleep is, and whether they are waking up in the night. Ideally, I’d like to take this into a controlled lab environment. We’ll see where the research points us. We usually start off with the more affordable methods and if everything looks promising, then it will justify trying to build a sleep lab and study sleep across cultures that way.Why do we study sleep? Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally. I’m attracted to it because culture isn’t something that only shapes the way our minds operate; it shapes the way our bodies operate too, and sleep is at the intersection of those.Q22: What does the speaker mainly study?Q23: What does the speaker say about North Americans? Q24: How did the speaker conduct the sleep study?Q25: What does the speaker say about research on sleep?Section A: 1-8 CABACDBDSection B: 9-15 ABCDADASection C: 16-25 BDCDBAABCA。
2019年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第2套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on th e importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationshi ps. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation an d the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). The n mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family's suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed.D) No new staff will be hired.7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels.D) The company's new missions.8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pas sage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the question s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the be st answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresp onding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks f ollowed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Af ter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choic es marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shee t 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20 A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology.D) Motivation and positive feelings.23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D) By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are require d to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yo ur choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throug h the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised fight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others __26__ money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the __27__ symbol of pers onal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced __28__ that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be __29__ from the roa d-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification s tandards for road and air, need __30__ controls, involve complex folding w ings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another __31__ st reet is unlikely to happen, ”says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. "Sky taxis are much more likely." But that won't stop inventors from dreamin g up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometim es __32__ schemes.Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, ro manticism and __33__, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and __34_ _ systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says,"When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I fe el better than when I started it. That's completely at __35__ with how I feel t oday." Now that would be progress.A) autonomous B) detached C) dual D) glamour E) imminent F) odds G) op posites H) outrageous I) pouring J) prototypes K) random L) repressing M) s egmented N) spectrum O) ultimateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen ts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a le tter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billi on tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The d eveloped countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U. S. alone, t he average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no ince ntive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue the y would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are think ing about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising pr ice of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and c ompanies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just p rice and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consume rs are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time,surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U. K. show that they also care abo ut minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But so me companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on th e consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronic s industries have launched environmental programs. . They want to make thei r customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and dur ability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environm entally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, custome rs bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not on ly great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give th em back to the store ，which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnere d with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear,' at home. The company also offers a repair progr am for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to t he company's CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that care s about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the per ceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-r ecycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bri ng shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into al ternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash, They ar e used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes , Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an o ld pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making p eople more aware of the company's values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 t he world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrica l and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-was te include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum- materials that could be r eused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is es timated to be about $ 52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which ai m to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environme nt, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are so me first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycl ing and restoring value to products :J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool ma ker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both si des by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value ch ain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that ma ny contractors were holding on to their old tools , even f they no longer worke d, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $ 100, D eWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. An y take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works f or your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer particip ation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling beco mes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion's share of e-w aste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do n ot have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best B uy changed its policy to add a $ 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationshi p between the retailer/producer and the consumer isn't just about financial in centives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate ho w helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value ch ains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the i nside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value i s generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have——but they must also get custome rs engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products' prolonged lifespan benefits both t he environment and customers.37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about ener gy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of en vironmental awareness.39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their bra nd reputation enhanced.40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolo ng their products' ifespan.44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycli ng.45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let con sumers take full responsibility for recycling.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four ch oices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the c entre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and R adio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publis hers over games that went into production after Feb.17,2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like E lectronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary co mpensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring t alent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Ti mes reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash fl ow. In 2015, gaming produced $ 23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation--a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or download s, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million."It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compe nsation issue," said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the uni on's negotiating committee."This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer , who isn't regularly employed every single day working on proj ects."Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry." I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley , who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee."And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told report ers during a press conference Friday."I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice a ctors "represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into m aking a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field, " Witlin says,"if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 9 9.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the vide o game companies."46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publisher s?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on mana ging the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for t he United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly la unched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existin g satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standar dize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry through out the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowd ed as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for th e policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellation s (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts amon g them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, t he government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satel lites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in sp ace.And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft sla mmed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports t hat NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already re quire any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyz e the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or no rmal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in spa ce for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing tech nology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes seriou s damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new polic y?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set international standards for the space fight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。