大学英美文学讲义
Lectures on American Literature——美国文学讲义
True Relation of Virginia (1608)
Description of New England (1616)
General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)
我要讴歌基督教创造的 奇迹为逃避欧洲的腐败 堕落，他们来到美洲的 海滩；……感谢上帝的 庇佑，把印第安人的荒 芜之地变得辉煌灿烂。 ---科顿· 马瑟
我们将成为整个世界的山巅 城 ( a city set upon a hill )， 全世界人民的眼睛都将看着 我们。如果我们在实现这一 事业的过程中欺骗了上帝， 如果上帝不再像今天那样帮 助我们，那么我们终将成为 世人的笑柄。
A Puritan Should Be…
务实的理想主义者
教条机会主义者
• “a visionary梦想家 who never forget that two plus two equals four; He was a practical idealist…his conduct was regulated by expediency 私利. He was a doctrinaire教条主义者 and an opportunist.”
• In content
religious writings serving either God or colonial expansion
• In form
imitating English literary tradition
American colonial literature is neither real literature nor American
英美文学讲义
b.Clashes of characters’ temperaments
c.Conflicts over material interests;
d.The comic and ironic effects
obtainable from the class distinctions.
d) The significance :The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends. The battle between Beowulf and the Dragon symblically represents that phrase of Winter and Summer myth in which the Summer God here embodied by Beowulf .
.
Geoffrey Chaucer’s Other literary works
The Romaunt of the Rose The Legend of Good Women The House of Fame Troilus and Criseyde
The themes in his works
Cultural Influences of the Conquests
England was not much affected by the Roman Conquest, but she felt the full weight of the other two conquests. The Anglo-Saxons brought to England the Germanic language and culture, while the Normans brought a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization, which incldues Greek culture, Roman law, and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influences of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literaure.
大学英美文学讲义
5.1真题分析2、第2本书《美国文学简史》：5.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）第七部分大学英语语言文学专业英美文学与中文作文基础知识点框架梳理及基础阶段，复习时间是从5月份至9月份或10月份，这一阶段需要大家认真看完《英国文学史》与《美国文学史》，理清文学史的线索，例如文学史的大致分期，每一阶段的大致时间，社会背景，思想背景及每一阶段的代表人物及其代表作。
文学史这两本书每本至少看两遍。
文学史的复习方法主要以熟悉知识点为主，脑海中线索清晰，重点部分最好能在理解的基础上识记。
文学史的复习时应注意归纳总结出一下内容：●英美文学史的大致分期（整合标题）、每一时期大致的时代背景及思想特征.●记住每一时期最重要的作家及作品，知道文学的基本常识，例如文学术语。
●主要作品的故事情节，主要人物，人物形象，主题思想，作品评价。
A Survey of English History ChangYaoxinA Glossary of Literary Terms:For the convenience of discussion, historians divide the continuity of English literature into segments of time which are called “p eriods”. The e xact numbers, dates and names of these periods vary, but the list below conforms on each period, in chronological order.450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon)Period Chapter11066-1500 Middle English Period Chapter1、2文学成就不是很高。
文学形式：骑士浪漫传奇；抒情歌谣；神秘剧、传奇剧及道德剧骑士浪漫传奇：《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》、《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》、《查理大帝的传奇》、《亚历山大的传奇》等抒情歌谣：短诗，大多数比较悲哀、凄凉，例如英国的Robin Hood神秘剧：取材于《圣经》中的旧约全书，上帝耶和华传奇剧：《新约》，基督1500-1660 The Renaissance(or Early Modern) Chapter3-4思想、文化、文学运动，最初出现在意大利，然后遍及其他国家。
英美文学讲义Chapter 4
Chapter 4 The Victorian Period一．学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，对19世纪维多利亚时代英国的政治，经济，历史，文化背景，对维多利亚时代的诗歌，散文，小说在创作思想上的进步和创作技巧上的改革，以及对该时代主要作家的生平，观点，创作旨意，艺术品特点及其代表作的主题，结构，语言，人物刻画等都有一个全面的了解。
并通过作品选读加深体会感受，增强对作品的理解和鉴赏能力。
二．考核要求（一）维多利亚时期概述1．识记:（1）维多利亚时期的界定（2）社会政治，经济，文化背景2．领会:（1）维多利亚时期的文学特点（2）批判现实主义小说对后世文学的影响3．应用：宪章运动，功利主义，批判现实主义，戏剧独自等名词的解释（二）该时期的重要作家1．一般识记：重要作家的生平与创作生涯2．识记: 重要作品及主要内容3．领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等4．应用:（1）狄更斯和萨克雷作品的批判现实主义思想及各自的创作手法，艺术特色（2）小说《简·爱》，《呼啸山庄》的主题思想与人物塑造（3）"我逝去的公爵夫人”中的戏剧独白（4）乔泊·艾略特和哈代小说中环境，氛围描述与人物内世界的展示The Victorian Period （P233）Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1836 to 1901. The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.Its Political, Economical & Cultural Background（P233）The early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems. After the Reform Bill of 1832 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists, the Industrial Revolution soon geared up. Towards the mid-century, England had reached its highest point of development as a world power. And yet beneath the great prosperity & richness, there existed widespread poverty & wretchedness among the working class. The worsening living & working conditions, the mass unemployment & the new Poor Law of 1834 with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement宪章运动(1836-1848).During the next twenty years, England settled down to a time of prosperity & relative stability. The middle-class life of the time was characterized by prosperity, respectability & material progress.But the last three decades of the century witnessed the decline of the British Empire & the decay of the Victorian values.Ideologically, the Victorians experienced fundamental changes. The rapid development of science & technology, new inventions & discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology & anthropology drastically shook people's religious convictions. Darwin's The Origin of Species《物种起源》(1859) & The Descent of Man《人类的起源》(1871) shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith. On the other hand, Utilitarianism功利主义was widely accepted & practiced. Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. （P235）Features of the Victorian LiteratureVictorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality of magnitude & diversity. It was many-sided & complex, & reflected both romantically & realistically the great changes that were going on in people's life & thought. Greatwriters & great works abounded. （P235）Features of Victorian novels（P236）In this period, the novel became the most widely read & the most vital & challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society & the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view & with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry at the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship & Utilitarianism & the widespread misery, poverty & injustice. Their truthful depiction of people's life & bitter & strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems & in the actual improvement of the society.（P236）Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality & spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor & unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values & experiments are to witness their bumper harvest. （P237）名词解释（Definitions of several terms）The Chartist Movement (1836-1848) (P233)The English workers got themselves organized in big cities & brought forth the People's charter, in which they demanded basic rights & better living & working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the government, with hundreds of thousands of people's signatures. The movement swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the movement declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class & the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppress-ed people.Utilitarianism (P235)Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class industrialists, whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost & brought greater suffering & poverty to the working mass.Critical RealismThe Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral & physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems & interests & is used as a powerful instrument of human progress.Dramatic MonologueBy dramatic monologue, it is meant that a poet chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, & about their minds & hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions & judgments about the speaker's personality & about what has really happened. Robert Browning brought this poetic form to its maturity & perfection & his "My Last Duchess"《我的已故公爵夫人》is one of the best-known dramatic monologues.Victorian WritersI. Charles Dickens (P238)His Life & Literary CareerCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born at Portsmouth. His father, a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office, was put into the Marsalsea Prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old. The son had to give up schooling to work in an underground cellar at a blacking factory - a position he considered most humiliating. We find the bitter experiences of that suffering child reflected in many of Dickens's novels. In 1827, Charles entered a lawyer's office, & two years later he became a Parliamentaryreporter for newspapers.From 1833 Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life, which were later collected & published under the title Sketches by Boz《博兹札记》(1836). Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club《匹克威克外传》(1836-1837) appeared in monthly installments. And since then, his life became one of endless hard work. In his later years, he gave himself to public readings of his works, which brought plaudits & comfort but also exhausted him. In 1870, this man of great heart & vitality died of overwork, leaving his last novel unfinished. (P238)His Major WorksUpon his death, Dickens left to the world a rich legacy of 15 novels & a number of short stories. They offer a most complete & realistic picture of English society of his age & remain the highest achievement in the 19th-century English novel. In nearly all his novels, behind the gloomy pictures of oppression & poverty, behind the loud humor & buffoonery, is his gentleness, his genial mirth, his simple faith in mankind.The following is a list of his novels & other collections in three periods:(1) Period of youthful optimistSketches by Boz (1836); The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837); Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》(1837-1838); Nicholas Nickleby《尼古拉斯·尼克贝》(1838-1839); The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》(1840-1841); 《巴纳比·拉奇》Barnaby Rudge(1841)(2) Period of excitement & irritationAmerican Note s《美国札记》(1842); Martin Chuzzlewit《马丁·翟述伟》(1843-1845); A Christmas Carol《圣诞颂歌》(1843); Dombey & Son《董贝父子》(1846-1848); David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》(1849-1850)(3) Period of steadily intensifying pessimismBleak House《荒凉山庄》(1852-1853); Hard Times《艰难时世》(1854); Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》(1855-1857); A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》(1859); Great Expectations 《远大前程》(1860-1861); Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》(1864-1865); EdwinDrood《艾德温·德鲁德之谜》(unfinished)(1870)Distinct Features of His Novels(1) Character Sketches & ExaggerationIn his novels are found about 19 hundred figures, some of whom are really such " typical characters under typical circumstances," that they become proverbial or representative of a whole group of similar persons.As a master of characterization, Dickens was skillful in drawing vivid caricatural sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities, & in giving them exactly the actions & words that fit them: that is, right words & right actions for the right person.(2) Broad Humor & Penetrating SatireDickens is well known as a humorist as well as a satirist. He sometimes employs humor to enliven a scene or lighten a character by making it (him or her) eccentric, whimsical, or laughable. Sometimes he uses satire to ridicule human follies or vices, with the purpose of laughing them out of existence or bring about reform.(3) Complicated & Fascinating PlotDickens seems to love complicated novel constructions with minor plots beside the major one, or two parallel major plots within one novel. He is also skillful at creating suspense & mystery to make the story fascinating.(4) The Power of ExposureAs the greatest representative of English critical realism, Dickens made his novel the instrument of morality & justice. Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem.His Literary Creation & Literary AchievementsCharles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention to expose & criticize in his works all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy & corruptness he saw all around him. In his works, Dickens sets a full map & a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England, particularly London. A combination of optimism about people & realism about society is obvious in these works. His representative works in the early period include Oliver Twist,DavidCopperfield & so on. (P239)His later works show a highly conscious modern artist. The settings are more complicated; the stories are better structured. Most novels of this period present a sharper criticism of social evils & morals of the Victorian England, for example, Bleak House, Hard Times, Great Expectations & so on. The early optimism could no more be found.Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could, in a way, be compared with Shakespeare's. His humor & wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature of his works. His characterizations of child (Oliver Twist, etc.), some grotesque people (Fagin, etc.) & some comical people (Mr. Micawber, etc.) are superb. Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works. Dickens's works are also characterized by a mixture of humor & pathos. (P241)Selected ReadingAn Excerpt from Chapter III of Oliver Twist(P238)The novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse & life of the underworld in the 19th-century London. The author's intimate knowledge of people of the lowest order & of the city itself apparently comes from his journalistic years. Here the novel also presents Oliver Twist as Dickens's first child hero & Fagin the first grotesque figure. (P243)This section, Chapter III of the novel, is a detailed account of how he is punished for that " impious & profane offence of asking for more" & how he is to be sold. At three pound ten, to Mr. Gamfield, the notorious chimneysweeper. Though we can afford a smile now & then, we feel more the pitiable state of the orphan boy & the cruelty & hypocrisy of the workhouse board.It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, itwas the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.A Tale of Two Cities这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；这是智慧的年代，也是愚蠢的年代；这是信仰的时期，也是怀疑的时期；这是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春天，也是失望的冬天；大伙儿面前应有尽有，大伙儿面前一无所有；大伙儿正在直登天堂；大伙儿正在直落地狱。
00604自考英美文学选读-串讲课件讲义
4*4’英国2218’B1分）C2A1分）2>1—2分）3>2—3分）4>1—2分）5>3—4分）1>时间+来源（0.5分—1分）3>2—3分）4> 1分）5>0.5—1分）6>0.5—1分）3>1—2分）4>2—3分）5>1—2分）6>0.5—1分）介绍论述题中关于作1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）literary trend1798-1832Lyrical Ballads in 1798Walter Scott's death in 1832.is a literary trend.It prevailed in(place)during the period of xxxx-xxxx,beginning with xxxx in (time),ending with in(time).was greatly influenced by the.Generally speaking, the expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes......The great writers in this period are............时期th to mid-17th )时期 1.<<>>2.3.1.2. 1.2.3.pun 3.英国文学 1.2.3.1.英国小说之父the father of English Novels2.讽刺satire1.2.3. 1.2.details细腻英国文学Period Period1836-1901 1.2.3.T ·S4.1.2.critical realist 3.4.3.4.5. 1.2.1.2.1.2.3.4.5.6.现实Period 美国文学1.2.3.4.5.老人与海6.现代Period1.2.3.4.浪漫Period1.Old English Literature-(450——1066封建建立)a. Religious-——b. Secular--heroic age---<Beowulf>盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗---a protector of people, fight against the nature.————•••例题例题【正确答案：B】Background:a by a①The of&②The new in&the&本质与主张③The in&to get rid of to new ideas that the the&to the of the early from theEngland①---②都铎)Traits of humanistic poetry: dramatistsWriters：1.早期---andPetrarchan)2.中期the Ageblank verse)3.后期抽象founder of modern science)Life381542I．5 history plays and 4 comedies. （apprenticeship 学徒时期）•5•III>;and.•4部.•,II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized)•5II>,I,II,V>•6（）••to•and•and loyal•其他•II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized) 2III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies: ---Greatest four tragedies:<Hamlet><King Lear><Othello><Macbeth>III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies:---Theme: The impossibility of certainty; the complexity of action;the mystery of death;the nation as a diseased body.blood-and-thunderand butIV. Principal Romantic tragicomedies: <The Tempest>①.②forth byto the one he人物塑造独白情节结构语言风格Paradise Lost<Lycidas挽歌<Areopagitica><Paradise LostThe is the“Fall of Man”.流放<Paradise Regained诱惑<Samson Agonistes>①②③④⑤例题例题【正确答案：B】background：Time:Background:Traits:Thoughts:节俭迷信EnlightmentLiterature ideas:教导.<A Modest ProposalLiterature ideas:Schools of literature:Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.2.Gothic novels ⋯⋯⋯Schools of literature:Daniel DefoeThe True born Englishman wonThe Review<Robinson Crusoe>②③坚韧④the lower-class people.选读<Robinson Crusoe> Theme:①②③创作风格：①②③方言。
大学生英美文学教案
课程名称：英美文学授课对象：大学一年级课时：2课时教学目标：1. 了解英美文学的基本概念和发展历程。
2. 掌握英美文学的主要流派和代表作品。
3. 培养学生阅读和分析英美文学作品的能力。
4. 提高学生的文学素养和审美情趣。
教学重点：1. 英美文学的基本概念和发展历程。
2. 英美文学的主要流派和代表作品。
教学难点：1. 英美文学流派的区分和代表作品的解读。
2. 学生对英美文学作品的阅读和分析能力。
教学准备：1. 教师准备：PPT课件、相关文学作品节选、背景资料。
2. 学生准备：预习相关文学作品，了解作者背景。
教学过程：第一课时一、导入1. 提问：同学们，你们对英美文学有什么了解？2. 学生自由发言，教师总结。
二、英美文学概述1. 介绍英美文学的基本概念和发展历程。
- 英美文学是指英语文学，包括英国文学和美国文学。
- 英国文学历史悠久，从古英语文学到现代文学，经历了多个发展阶段。
- 美国文学在19世纪末开始崛起，逐渐形成独特的文学风格。
2. 讲解英美文学的主要流派：- 古典主义：强调理性、秩序和道德规范。
- 浪漫主义：强调感情、个性和自然。
- 现实主义：关注社会现实，揭示社会矛盾。
- 现代主义：追求形式创新，打破传统文学规范。
三、代表作品介绍1. 英国文学代表作品：- 《哈姆雷特》：莎士比亚的代表作，探讨生死、命运和人性。
- 《傲慢与偏见》：简·奥斯汀的经典小说，揭示英国乡村社会的婚姻观念。
2. 美国文学代表作品：- 《了不起的盖茨比》：弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德的长篇小说，反映美国梦的破灭。
- 《老人与海》：欧内斯特·海明威的短篇小说，展现人类与自然的斗争。
四、课堂小结1. 总结本节课所学内容。
2. 强调英美文学的重要性。
第二课时一、复习导入1. 提问：上节课我们学习了哪些内容？2. 学生回顾，教师总结。
二、作品分析1. 学生分组，选择一本英美文学作品进行讨论和分析。
英美文学重点总结讲义 English Literature
Writer's Features
English Literature
Writings / CN Writings
Writing's Features
1. age: 1500-1660 2. background: stimulated by the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classic; England's Golden Age, especially in literature; the Church of England broke away from the Catholic Church 3. features: (1)New poetical forms introduced, e.g. blank verse and sonnet; (2) the English drama based itself on the models of Roman and Greek classics and the precedents from Italy and Spain (3)the universal tend of humanism in emphasizing man's dignity and his worldly happiness Edmund Spenser 1. The poet's poet; The Faerie Queen An allegory; "a historical poem" to present the 埃德蒙.斯賓賽 2. Perfect melody; a rare sense of beauty; a splendid 仙后 example of a perfect gentleman; a hero imagination; a lofty moral purity and seriousness; a (The Shepheades Calender 牧 represent one of the 12 virtues; fierce warres dedicated idealism 人日记;Epithalamion 新婚喜 and faithful loves 歌) Christopher 1. perfected blank verse and turned it into the principal Dr Fauctus 1. symbolic of a humanist in the Renaissance; Marlowe medium of English drama 浮士德博士 based on the German legend of a magician 克里斯扥夫.馬洛 2. created a series of images of the Renaissance hero for The Passionate Shepherd to aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting （Blank verse English drama His Love 多情的牧羊人致情 his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to University wit） 人 the Devil William The greatest playwright and the most popular sonnet Sonnets 1. 154 poems; English form Shakespeare writer; a creation of characters; skillful plot construction; 十四行詩 2. The traditional theme of the play is to 威廉.莎士比亞 irony; a good use of a language; skilled in various poetic The Merchant of Venice praise the friendship between Antonio and forms; of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一 威尼斯商人 Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of 节偶句); national unity under a mighty and just sovereign Hamlet great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose is a necessity—―The King‘s government must be carried 哈姆雷特 the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. on‖ (在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家， 统一是非常 (Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和 Many people today tend to regard the play as 必要的) 安东尼斯; The Rape of a satire of the Christians' hypocrisy and their Lucrece 鲁克丽斯受辱 false standards of friendship and love, their (Each hero has his weekness of nature: Hamlet, the 记;romantic tragicomedies 浪 cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between 漫悲喜剧;Romeo and Juliet; their unreasoning prejudice against Jews action and mind; Othello‘s inner weakness is made use of Shakespeare's greatest (Shylock).
英美文学整理复习上课讲义
Quiz on Benjamin Franklin1. “God help them that help themselves”is found in A ‘s work.A.FranklinB.FreneauC.JeffersonD.Paine2. Which statement about Franklin is not true? DA. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He was a master of diplomacy.D. He was a Unitarian.3. Poor Richard’s Almanac contained A.A. many proverbsB. Franklin’s autobiographyC. voyages to the new landD. climate and crops4. In his last years and for a generation after his death, _A__ was more often referred to as “the father of his country”than was George Washington himselfA. Benjamin FranklinB. Washington IrvingC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Nathaniel Hawthorne5.__A ____ is outstanding as a tradesman, citizen, scientist, statesman and political revolutionary. He aided Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of the Independence.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Washington IrvingC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Nathaniel Hawthorne6. Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece A .A. AutobiographyB. Poor Richard’s AlmanacC. Common SenseD. The Way to Wealth7. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called C .A. TimeB. PeopleC. the General MagazineD. Redbook8. If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, represents the lower levels. BA. Thomas PaineB. Benjamin FranklinC. Philip FreneauD. Washington IrvingPhilip Freneau: “The Poet of American Revolution”.9. The ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of B .A. Thomas HoodB. Benjamin FranklinC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington10. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome(representative) of the A .A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist MovementD. Romanticist11. Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the A of the English essayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele.A. Spectator PapersB. WaldenC. NatureD. The Sacred Wood12. Benjamin Franklin was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideal of D .A. clarityB. restraintC. simplicityD. all the above13. Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his A and A .A. Poor Richard’s Almanac, AutobiographyB. Common Sense, American CrisisC. The Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying GroundD. Rights of Man, The Age of ReasonPhilip Freneau（1752-1832）美国殖民时期著名诗人，美国革命战争后期最杰出的作家。
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5.1真题分析2、第2本书《美国文学简史》：5.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）第七部分大学英语语言文学专业英美文学与中文作文基础知识点框架梳理及基础阶段，复习时间是从5月份至9月份或10月份，这一阶段需要大家认真看完《英国文学史》与《美国文学史》，理清文学史的线索，例如文学史的大致分期，每一阶段的大致时间，社会背景，思想背景及每一阶段的代表人物及其代表作。
文学史这两本书每本至少看两遍。
文学史的复习方法主要以熟悉知识点为主，脑海中线索清晰，重点部分最好能在理解的基础上识记。
文学史的复习时应注意归纳总结出一下内容：●英美文学史的大致分期（整合标题）、每一时期大致的时代背景及思想特征.●记住每一时期最重要的作家及作品，知道文学的基本常识，例如文学术语。
●主要作品的故事情节，主要人物，人物形象，主题思想，作品评价。
A Survey of English History ChangYaoxinA Glossary of Literary Terms:For the convenience of discussion, historians divide the continuity of English literature into segments of time which are called “p eriods”. The e xact numbers, dates and names of these periods vary, but the list below conforms on each period, in chronological order.450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon)Period Chapter11066-1500 Middle English Period Chapter1、2文学成就不是很高。
文学形式：骑士浪漫传奇；抒情歌谣；神秘剧、传奇剧及道德剧骑士浪漫传奇：《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》、《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》、《查理大帝的传奇》、《亚历山大的传奇》等抒情歌谣：短诗，大多数比较悲哀、凄凉，例如英国的Robin Hood神秘剧：取材于《圣经》中的旧约全书，上帝耶和华传奇剧：《新约》，基督1500-1660 The Renaissance(or Early Modern) Chapter3-4思想、文化、文学运动，最初出现在意大利，然后遍及其他国家。
意大利早在14世纪就开始，英国16世纪才开始，因为与欧洲大陆隔海相望，地理上与欧洲有所距离。
自1400年乔叟死后一百多年，英国国内十分动荡。
1660-1785 The Neoclassical Period Chapter 6-8启蒙运动是一场思想运动。
新古典主义是启蒙运动的文学形式。
1785-1830 The Romantic Period Chapter9-10德国开始。
反对新古典主义文学运动。
1832-1901 The Victorian Period Chapter 11-1819世纪中叶-20世纪初。
主要在小说与戏剧领域。
1901-1914 The Edwardian Period Chapter 191910-1936 The Georgian Period Chapter191914- The Modern Period Chapter 20-23在不同的国家开始的时间不同，一般认为最初从法国的象征主义诗歌开始，代表人物波德莱尔。
1945- Postmodernism Chapter 24-26The Old English(Anglo-Saxon)Period & Middle English PeriodChapter 1 The Old English(Anglo-Saxon)Period ·Beowulf · The Middle English PeriodChapter 2 Chaucer ·The Pre-Elizabethan Period ·More知识点1：《贝奥武夫》（1）史诗概念（2）主要故事情节（3）艺术特征（4）历史意义知识点2：乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集》.（1）故事梗概（知道集中最著名的几个故事）（2）乔叟的地位及贡献（3）《坎特伯雷故事集》的社会意义[例题]1. Beowulf is ______.A. an English novelB. a Medieval romanceC. an Anglo-Saxon epicD. an English drama of manners2. The wife of Bath is well-known character from____.A. Piers the PlowmanB. The Canterbury TalesC.The Fairie QueeneD. King AuthurThe Renaissance PeriodChapter 3 The Elizabethan Age · Spenser · Sidney · MarloweChapter 4 Shakespeare ·Bacon · Jonson·King James’ Bible知识点：一、文艺复兴概述1. 了解：（1）文艺复兴时期的界定（2）历史文化背景2. 掌握: （1）文艺复兴运动的意义与影响（2）文艺复兴时期的文学特点（3）人文主义的主张及对文学的影响3. 应用：文艺复兴，人文主义的解释The Renaissance; Humanism; Spenserian stanza二、该时期的重要作家：Edmund Spenser; Christopher Marlowe; William Shakespeare; Francis Bacon1.一般识记：重要作家的文学生涯2.识记：重要作品及主要内容3.领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。
[例题]1. “To be or not to be —that is the question:Whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer” are from_______.2. Identify the following quotations by author and title of work, and explain their meanings briefly.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, this gives life to thee.Chapter 5 The 17th century · Donne · Milton · Dryden ·Bunyan · The Restoration Theatera transitional period知识点：（1）掌握玄学派诗歌的特点。
（2）弥尔顿史诗的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析（3）《天路历程》的体裁（4）重点作家：John Donne; John Milton; John Bunyan[例题]The central conflict and contrast between good and evil as presented in John Milton’s “Paradise Lost” are reflected and intensified in all the following contrasts excerpt between ____.A. heaven and hellB. light and darknessC. order and chaosD. science and religionThe Neoclassical PeriodChapter 6 The Classic Age · Pope · Johnson · Gray · Goldsmith · SheridanChapter 8 18th-century Fiction ·Swift · Defoe · Richardson · Fielding · Sterne · Smollett知识点：一、新古典主义的概述1.了解：（1）新古典主义时期的界定（2）政治经济背景（3）启蒙运动的意义与影响2. 领会：（1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点（2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释The EnlightenmentMovement; Neoclassism; heroic couplet; the Realisitic Novel二、该时期的重要作家：Alexander pope；Daniel Defoe；Jonathan Swift；Henry Fielding; Samuel JohnsonRichard Brinsley Sheridan; Thomas Gray1.一般识记：重要作家的创作生涯2.识记：重要作品及主要内容3.领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色其代表作的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，艺术特色，社会意义等。
[例题]Alexander Pope wrote highly polished verse and brought ____ to ultimate perfection.A. iambic pentameterB. alliterationC. the heroic coupletD. blank verseThe Romantic PeriodChapter 7 Movement towards Romanticism · Thomson · Young · Cowper · Crabbe ·Blake · Burns Chapter 9 The Romantic Period ·Wordsworth ·Coleridge ·Scott · AustenChapter 10 Byron · Shelley · Keats知识点：一、浪漫主义时期概述●浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治，经济，文化背景●浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张●英国浪漫主义文学的特色●浪漫主义文学对同时代及后世英国文学的影响二、知识要求1 浪漫主义时期概述（1）.了解：（a）浪漫主义时期的界定（b）历史文化背景（2）.领会：（a）浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。