Social Responsibility and Ethics in International Environment
Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility - Guidance Note Five
Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility – Guidance Note Five.The question of ethics in society is full of complexities and difficult choices, and the international business environment is beset by the full range of ethical dilemmas.In lectures we discussed the consequentialist (teleological) approach to ethical decision making, where the outcomes of an action are taken into account to consider whether a particular ethical choice can be justified on the grounds that it delivers the ‘g reatest good for the greatest number’ –where the ‘end justifies the means’. The alternative to this approach is the non-consequentialist (deontological) approach to ethical decision making, where choices are seen in absolute terms – an action is either morally justifiable or not, irrespective of the outcome. Thus there would be some actions which should never be taken, no matter what. This leads us into considering whether there are absolute moral choices which apply in all contexts – are there ethical choices we can all agree on, in all societies. For example, can we all agree, the world over, that children should have their childhood and an education and should not be forced to engage in work? Even this simple question throws up many different considerations in different socio-economic contexts around the globe, and highlights issues of ethical relativism, where ethical norms may vary in different settings.Perhaps the most pressing issue for us today is the increased influence of giant corporations and their transnational activities through global production networks, particularly where practices in some parts of the global production network would not be tolerated in another. The image of capital as ‘mobile’, in the sense that today corporations have access to finance and technology which can increase their ability to move around the globe wherever conditions are most favourable for profit maximisation, gives giant firms leverage over governments eager to attract their investment. As Crouch (2011) points out so well, this doesn’t necessarily mean that corporations will behave badly or engage in a general lowering of standards – frequently termed the ‘race to the bottom’ – in terms of their policies and practices, but it does give them a privileged posit ion in ‘setting the rules of the race’. The underlying reason for giant firms’ privileged position as powerful political actors is that:‘it is their market strategy that determines (or at least strongly affects) whetherparticular government policies wil l be ‘rewarded’ with investment or not, whetherthese are policies for making available a population to work at low wages or one with high skills and secure lives …’ (Crouch, 2011: 127).These factors are brought into sharp focus when we consider different attitudes towards business ethics. The neoliberal context for our current phase of capitalist development puts forward a strong case for businesses being free of political interference. Neoliberal theory, you will recall, sees the state as an anticompetitive and potentially corrupt interference in the market. Neoliberal principles are therefore founded on the benefits of private enterprise and the free operation of the forces of supply and demand (competitive markets) in delivering the best economic outcome. An increase in the size of the economy is seen as a benefit for all, as the creation of wealth, even if concentrated in the hands of an elite, will eventually ‘trickle down’ to all levels of society. In our studies we have discussed to what extent thi s theory issupported by concrete evidence, in a world where the wealth gap appears to be increasing everywhere. Putting that issue to one side for a moment, when considering issues of ethics and corporate responsibility, we need to keep in mind the potential for transnational corporations to use their economic strength to access political power. While we have established in other areas of our study on the module that the world retains its social and cultural diversity, the absence of powerful international or global regulatory bodies with power to enforce rules and regulations means that it is possible for transnational organisations to manipulate standards for rule making and enforcement of legal regulation across geopolitical borders. It follows that it is very possible for there to be widely varying standards of practice within a global production network and perhaps most crucially, while corporations want politics to stay out of its affairs, the business lobby is itself a very powerful actor.In the case of ethics and corporate social responsibility, the desire by corporations to avoid state regulation throws up some inconsistencies as we look at corporate attitudes towards social responsibility. The basic neoliberal position on social responsibility, most notably expressed by Milton Friedman, is that the corporation’s only responsibility is to its shareholders. Beyond that responsibility, the corporation’s only moral / eth ical responsibility is to abide by the law of the setting in which it is located. From this perspective, the responsibility to ensure specific minimum standards of social and environmental practice lies with the state, by establishing good legal provisions, and any additional social responsibility undertakings by the firm could only be justified if they benefit the shareholder.Perhaps through a non-consequentialist approach to their ethical position, but perhaps in response to advancements in information technologies that have led to consumers of goods being made aware of unethical practices within global production networks, many firms have engaged with their own corporate social responsibility agenda. In line with the neoliberal hostility to government regulation, firms generally promote their own voluntary codes of social responsibility as superior to legal regulation. The key word here is voluntary, and the key issue is how/ when/ whether voluntary codes are audited. If firms employ their own auditors, there may by major conflicts of interest and we need to pay attention to ‘who is doing the monitoring, where their loyalties lie, and what their interests are’ (Soule, 2009: 119).There is some evidence of the effectiveness of consumer campaigns and also shareholder campaigns in improving corporate ethics inside firms and along their supply chains. Indeed, some firms have taken up the banner of ethical behaviour as a key feature of their corporate image, as a positive marketing strategy. The overall picture, however, is a highly contested and inconsistent,where neither legal regulation nor voluntary codes of socially responsible practice prevent abuse and exploitation in the international business environment. The voices of the people most disadvantaged by unethical behaviour – workers, communities, the natural world – struggle to be heard against the power and hostility of commercial interests and the corporation, and indeed, corrupt governments and state officials who collude in unethical behaviour for personal gain (Crouch, 2011: 125–143; Munck, 2002; Soule, 2009).Thus we are left with a muddled picture of what corporate social responsibility (CSR) actually delivers. Clearly, it would be a mistake to believe that CSR initiatives solve all ethical problems in theinternational business environment.Having said this, as Crouch (2011: 149) points out, it is rare to find ‘completely overt cynicism’ in the field of social responsibility and we should be ready to give corporations, and indeed governments, credit for the good efforts that they do make.For us, as students, we should try to examine the issue of ethics in the international business environment, as far as it is possible, in a spirit of objective enquiry and realism. The big questions relate to whether or not corporations have social responsibilities, and to what extent they are able to influence the rules and ethical standards they have to abide by. The answers are complex and as in other aspects of our studies, the role of economic power and political influence in determining the rules of the ‘game’ are closely related.References:Crouch, C. (2011), The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism, Cambridge, Polity Press. Munck, R. (2002) Globalisation and labour: the new "great transformation" London and New York, Zed Books.Soule, S.A. (2009) Contention and Corporate Social Responsibility, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.。
现代管理学(英文) 教学课件Chapter 5 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MANAGERIAL ETHICS
Levels Of Social Involvement
Social Responsibility
Social Responsiveness
Social Obligation
© Prentice Hall, 2002
5-7
Social Responsibility versus Social Responsiveness
© Prentice Hall, 2002 5-4
What is Social Responsibility (cont.)
Two Opposing Views of Social Responsibility (cont.)
– Socioeconomic view - businesses are not just economic institutions • management’s social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society’s welfare • businesses have responsibility to a society that: – endorses their creation through laws and regulations – supports them by buying their products/services • more organizations around the world have increased their social responsibility
Purposes of Shared Values
Chapter 4 Business Ethics and Social responsibility
Essentials of Management for Biz-English Program by John Zhang, GDUFS
4
Understand Ethics
Ethics Defined
➢ Ethics, in a business point of view, means a set of moral rules, especially those that guide members of a profession or of an organizational group of business people to deal honestly and responsibly with the public and with each other （商业道德）.
Essentials of Management for Biz-English Program by John Zhang, GDUFS
7
Overview of business ethics
• Western Classical view • The purpose of doing business
Essentials of Management for Biz-English Program by John Zhang, GDUFS
6
Case illustration
• Sanlu Milk Power Manufacturer
➢ Melamine: ➢ Caused 290,000 infants kidney stones
• The bandwagon effect, closely related to opportunism, is a phenomenon—observed primarily within the fields of microeconomics, political science, and behaviorism.
_Lesson_03_Social_Responsibility_and_Management_Ethics
Values-Based Management
Values-Based Management 价值观管理
An approach to managing in which managers establish and uphold an organization’s shared values.
Organization’s values
企业道德就是用规则与原理来判断行为 是否合乎道德的
14
Managerial Ethics… (cont’d)
The utilitarian view 道德的功利观 The rights view 道德的权利观 The theory of justice view 道德公正理论观
15
Managerial Ethics… (cont’d)
9
How Organizations Go Green
Legal (of Light Green) Approach Market Approach 市场方法 利益相关者方法 法律方法
Do what is legally required by obeying laws, rules, and regulations willingly and without legal challenge Respond to the preferences of their customers for environmentally friendly products
Guide managers’ decisions and actions 指导管理者的决策和行动 Shape employee behavior 塑造雇工行为 Influence marketing efforts 影响营销效果 Build team spirits 建立团队精神
Ethics and Social Responsibility
Ethics in Global Management
Approaching ethical dilemmas varies among MNC’s
– American approach is based upon general rules – Japan and Europe make decisions on shared values, social ties, and perception of their obligation
© 2006 Prentice Hall
2-3
Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance Structure Distribution of rights and responsibilities
Stakeholders • Board • Managers • shareholders
© 2006 Prentice Hall
2-11
Ethics Around the World
Ethics
– Study of morality and standards of conduct – Vital role of ethics in conduct of business
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)
NGOs in the U.S. and globally
– – – – – Save the Children Oxfam CARE World Wildlife Fund Conservation International
2-10
© 2006 Prentice Hall
Rise of Civil Society and NGOs
企业道德和社会责任 Business Ethics and Social Responsibilit
What Business Areas Does CSR Cover
• Ethics - discretionary actions. • Moral righteousness.
• Strategic brand management - Brand building, Brand insurance.’
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is concerned with the ways in which an organisation exceeds its minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation
• This poses a challenge as there are many different stakeholders with different, perhaps conflicting, expectations.
• Managers will need to take a view on: i. Which stakeholders have the greatest
development in LDCs. • Importance of global brands and corporate
reputations.
11
Key Drivers in CSR
• Changing social expectations - Consumers and society in general expect more from the companies whose products they buy. This sense has increased in the light of recent corporate scandals, which reduced public trust of corporations, and reduced public confidence in the ability of regulatory bodies and organisations to control corporate excess.
Chap003 Ethics and Social Responsibility International Management Culture , Strategy and Behavior
3-15
Corruption and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Recent formal agreement by many industrialized nations to outlaw the practice of bribing foreign government officials
Negotiation-Compromise（协商妥协）
➢ Both parties give up something to negotiate a settlement
Accommodation（适应）
Forcing（强加）
➢ One party forces its will upon the other
Education-Persuasion（教育说服）
➢ One party attempts to convert others to its position through providing information, reasoning, or appeals to emotion
使它们暂时团结起来，共同攻击A，抢夺其吃剩的香蕉。此刻的香蕉
成了匹夫怀中的至宝，得到它的猴子固然可以享受美味，但也要付
出巨大的代价。
➢
实验人员不断放进新的香蕉，却发现争斗越来越激烈，于是他
们用木头做了一个假香蕉放了进去。此时猴子们学聪明了，它们都
知道如果触摸香蕉可以享受淋浴，而试图独占香蕉则会被群欧。一
➢ Environmental Pollution（环境污染）
➢ Intentional Misrepresentation in Negotiations （谈判欺骗）
社会公德的英语作文
Social morality,also known as civic virtue,is a set of behavioral norms that individuals are expected to follow in social interactions.It is an essential part of a harmonious society and plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and promoting social progress.Importance of Social Morality1.Harmonious Coexistence:Social morality fosters a sense of community and respect among individuals,allowing for harmonious coexistence.It helps in reducing conflicts and misunderstandings that may arise from cultural or personal differences.2.Social Order:Adherence to social norms and ethics helps in maintaining social order. It ensures that people follow the rules and regulations set by society,which in turn leads to a more orderly and predictable environment.3.Cultural Preservation:Social morality often encompasses the preservation of cultural values and traditions.By respecting and upholding these values,individuals contribute to the continuity of their culture.4.Personal Development:Following social morality contributes to personal growth and development.It teaches individuals to be considerate,empathetic,and respectful towards others,which are valuable traits in personal and professional life.Aspects of Social Morality1.Respect for Others:This includes showing courtesy,listening to others,and treating everyone with dignity regardless of their background or status.2.Honesty and Integrity:Being truthful in ones actions and words is a fundamental aspect of social morality.It builds trust within the community and discourages deceitful behavior.3.Environmental Consciousness:Social morality also involves being aware of ones impact on the environment.This includes practices such as recycling,conserving energy, and reducing waste.4.Public Etiquette:This involves behaving appropriately in public spaces,such as not littering,respecting quiet hours,and following traffic rules.munity Involvement:Active participation in community activities andcontributing to the welfare of others is another aspect of social morality.It can range from volunteering to supporting local initiatives.Challenges to Social Morality1.Cultural Differences:Different cultures may have varying social norms,which can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or conflicts.2.Technological Advancements:The rise of digital platforms has introduced new challenges in maintaining social morality,such as cyberbullying and the spread of misinformation.3.Urbanization:As cities grow,the density of populations can sometimes lead to a breakdown in social norms,as individuals may feel more anonymous and less accountable for their actions.4.Economic Disparities:Socioeconomic differences can also impact social morality,as those in more privileged positions may not fully understand or respect the struggles and norms of those less fortunate.Promoting Social Moralitycation:Educating individuals from a young age about the importance of social morality and the consequences of not adhering to it is crucial.2.Role Models:Public figures and leaders should set positive examples by demonstrating social morality in their actions and decisions.3.Legislation:Laws and regulations can reinforce social norms and provide consequences for those who fail to adhere to them.munity Initiatives:Local community programs can help instill a sense of responsibility and encourage individuals to contribute positively to society.In conclusion,social morality is the cornerstone of a civilized society.It requires continuous effort from individuals,communities,and institutions to uphold and promote. By doing so,we can create a more harmonious,respectful,and progressive society for all.。
Social Responsibility and Ethics in International Environment3
A Moral Philosophy of Cross-Cultural Societal Ethics
Different Interpretation of Ethical Values
Confucian Heritage in Asian Firms
• 5 major Asian economies share a Confucian cultural
– Work for whom? – Issues of sustainable practices
3. Can our conduct be talked about?
– Protection of image and reputation – Employing accepted norms of behaviour
•
•
Three Tests of Ethical Corporate Actions
1. Is it legal?
– Which laws and legal standards should apply – home or host country?
2. Will it work in the long run?
– an agile economy – characterised by high levels of learning – little red tape and low taxes – Government policies to facilitate innovation
高一关于增强社会责任和意识的英语作文
高一关于增强社会责任和意识的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Enhancing Social Responsibility and Awareness among High School FreshmenAs high school freshmen embark on their journey towards adulthood, it is essential to instill in them a sense of social responsibility and awareness. This not only helps them become more active and engaged citizens, but also fosters a more compassionate and inclusive society. In this essay, we will explore the significance of enhancing social responsibility and awareness among high school freshmen, and propose ways in which this can be achieved.Firstly, building a strong sense of social responsibility among high school freshmen is crucial in shaping their character and values. By understanding their role in society and the impact of their actions on others, students can develop empathy, compassion, and a willingness to contribute towards the common good. This can be achieved through various activitiessuch as community service projects, volunteering opportunities, and engagement with social issues.Secondly, enhancing social awareness among high school freshmen is important in promoting a more inclusive and diverse society. By exposing students to different cultures, traditions, and perspectives, they can develop a greater understanding and appreciation of the world around them. This can be done through activities such as cultural exchange programs, guest speakers from marginalized communities, and discussions on current events and social issues.In order to effectively enhance social responsibility and awareness among high school freshmen, it is important to incorporate these values into the school curriculum. This can be achieved through courses on civic education, social studies, and ethics, as well as extracurricular activities that focus on community engagement and social justice. Schools can also provide support and resources for students to take action on causes they are passionate about, such as organizing fundraisers, awareness campaigns, or advocacy efforts.Furthermore, parents, teachers, and community members play a vital role in nurturing social responsibility and awareness among high school freshmen. By modeling positive behavior,promoting open dialogue, and encouraging students to think critically about social issues, adults can help shape the next generation of responsible and socially conscious citizens. Collaborative efforts between schools, families, and communities can create a supportive environment that empowers students to make a positive impact on the world around them.In conclusion, enhancing social responsibility and awareness among high school freshmen is essential in cultivating a more compassionate, inclusive, and equitable society. By giving students the tools, knowledge, and opportunities to engage with social issues and take action, we can empower them to become active and responsible members of their communities. It is our collective responsibility to invest in the next generation and inspire them to make a difference in the world.篇2Enhancing Social Responsibility and Awareness among High School SophomoresIntroduction:As high school sophomores, we are at a crucial stage in our lives where we are beginning to form our values, beliefs, and behaviors. It is essential for us to understand the importance ofsocial responsibility and awareness, as these qualities are crucial for a sustainable and inclusive society. In this essay, we will explore the significance of enhancing social responsibility and awareness among high school students and discuss the ways in which we can contribute positively to our communities.Understanding Social Responsibility:Social responsibility refers to the ethical framework and obligations that individuals and organizations have towards society. It involves being aware of the impact of our actions on others and taking steps to address social issues and promote the common good. As high school students, we can demonstrate social responsibility by engaging in community service, supporting local initiatives, and volunteering our time and skills to help those in need.Promoting Social Awareness:Social awareness is the ability to understand and empathize with the experiences and perspectives of others. It involves acknowledging and addressing social inequalities, prejudices, and injustices in our communities. By promoting social awareness, we can foster a more inclusive and equitable society where everyone has the opportunity to thrive and succeed.Ways to Enhance Social Responsibility and Awareness:1. Participate in community service projects: High school students can get involved in community service projects that address social issues such as poverty, homelessness, and environmental degradation. By volunteering our time and resources, we can make a positive impact on the lives of others and contribute to the betterment of our communities.2. Educate ourselves on social issues: It is important for high school students to educate themselves on social issues such as racism, sexism, and inequality. By reading books, watching documentaries, and having discussions with our peers, we can gain a deeper understanding of the root causes of these issues and how we can work to address them.3. Stand up against injustice: High school students have a powerful voice and the ability to advocate for positive change in our communities. We can stand up against injustice by speaking out against discrimination, bullying, and other forms of social injustice. By using our voices and actions to promote equality and justice, we can make a meaningful impact on the world around us.Conclusion:Enhancing social responsibility and awareness among high school sophomores is essential for building a more compassionate, inclusive, and sustainable society. By engaging in community service, promoting social awareness, and standing up against injustice, we can make a positive impact on our communities and contribute to the well-being of all. As high school students, let us strive to be responsible and empathetic members of society who work towards a brighter future for all.篇3Enhancing Social Responsibility and Consciousness among High School SophomoresAs high school sophomores, we are at a crucial stage of our lives where our thoughts, actions, and decisions can have a significant impact on our surroundings. It is essential for us to understand the importance of social responsibility and develop a strong sense of consciousness towards the society in which we live. By actively engaging in activities that promote social responsibility and awareness, we can contribute to building a better and more sustainable future for all.First and foremost, it is crucial for high school sophomores to recognize the importance of being socially responsibleindividuals. This means being aware of the impact of our actions on others, our community, and the environment. By taking responsibility for our actions and making ethical choices, we can positively influence those around us and contribute to thewell-being of society as a whole.One way we can enhance our social responsibility is by volunteering our time and skills to help those in need. Whether it is participating in community service projects, organizing fundraisers for charity organizations, or simply lending a helping hand to a friend or neighbor, these acts of kindness can have a lasting impact on the lives of others. By actively engaging in volunteer work, we not only contribute to the betterment of society but also develop empathy, compassion, and a greater sense of connectedness with those around us.In addition to volunteering, it is important for us to educate ourselves about social issues and actively advocate for positive change. By staying informed about current events, societal trends, and global challenges, we can better understand the complexities of the world we live in and take action to address pressing issues such as poverty, injustice, inequality, and environmental degradation. By speaking out against social injustices, participating in peaceful protests, and supportingmovements for positive change, we can make our voices heard and contribute to shaping a more equitable and inclusive society.Furthermore, high school sophomores can enhance their social consciousness by practicing mindfulness and being mindful of their thoughts, words, and actions. By cultivating a sense of awareness and self-reflection, we can develop a deeper understanding of ourselves and our impact on the world around us. By practicing empathy, kindness, and respect towards others, we can foster positive relationships, build trust, and create a harmonious community where everyone feels valued and respected.In conclusion, as high school sophomores, it is essential for us to enhance our social responsibility and consciousness towards the society in which we live. By actively engaging in volunteer work, advocating for positive change, practicing mindfulness, and fostering positive relationships, we can contribute to building a more compassionate, equitable, and sustainable future for all. Let us strive to be socially responsible individuals who are committed to making a positive difference in the world and creating a better tomorrow for generations to come.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Differentiating Among certain Key Terms
• For example: International Business ethics, organisational ethics, moral, legal, etc.. • Ethics as inferred to above, it is the study of morality and standards of conduct (beliefs) of a group of people, which deals with their “oughts” of life (actions that positively affect the people & their welfare). • BUSINESS ETHICS refers to characters and the moral rules that govern and limit the conducts in business. *It deals with questions of right and wrong, fairness, and unfairness, good and bad, duty and obligation, justice and injustice as well as moral responsibilities, and values that should guide appropriate business decisions. A similar reference in the cross border firms goes for “International Business Ethics”. • Organizational Ethics seek to answer the question “what type of appropriate relationship should prevail to ensure that individual and the collective well-being is/are enhanced?” –i.e. how people should appropriately interact (Shaw, Barry, & Sansbury 2009:5-7). • Though economics dominate business decision-making, this has consequences for/on people, therefore such requires ethical considerations (i.e. actions that positively affect people & their welfare).
• Globally, is there a degree of broad „convergence‟ ; „divergence‟ ; or „emergency‟ or new hybrides of ethics and corporate social responsibilités? If «Yes » what are examples? • The business of business is business; but to what extent does this include managing environmental interdependence? • Is it possible to reach some kind of consensus on moral and ethical behaviour (Universal ethics) or do we all go round and round endlessly in our own ethnocentric circles?
– /watch?v=S_bgP3ASUM4
Is Pontiac Le Mans American?
Price paid by consumer to GM: $25,000 GM pays:
– to South Korea for labor and assembly – to Japan for engines, transaxles, electronics – to Germany for styling and design engineering – to Taiwan, Singapore & Japan for components – to Britain for advertising & marketing – to Ireland for data processing services – to GM employees, contractors & shareholders $4,500 $2,500 $1,050 $600 $275 $75 $16,000 $25,000 /watch?v=YxfT3lwwAdg
• At the very least should organisations have codes of conduct for all who work or deal with ethics and social responsibility?. Do all people refer to these concepts with similar understanding? • Do we differentiate between codes of ethics, statements of values or corporate social responsibility, policies, missions,
5.
6.
Recognise & emphasise host organisations must provide benefits to the host country and should maintain cooperation.
Recognise that cooperation is vital for sustainability and for both long & short term plans as well as for the management of the environmental impacts on host locations.
Managing Interdependence: Social Responsibility and Ethics in International Environment
Learning Goals
1. 2. 3. 4. Appreciate the complexities involved in the corporation‟s obligations toward its various constituencies around the world. Understand the changing perceptions and demands of corporations doing business in other countries, in particular the responsibilities toward human rights. Acknowledge the strategic role, which CSR and codes of ethics must play in global management. Provide guidance to managers to maintain ethical behavior amidst varying standards and practices around the world.
/watch?v=S_bgP3ASUM4 4
Location Economies
Assembly
Assembly
Sales
Parts
Advertising
Design
Pontiac LeMans
5
Pestions for Pondering
/watch?v=YxfT3lwwAdg /watch?v=Z6LoMtwYHCA /watch?v=Nly_OdvORQY /watch?v=9HEYQhgEKew
Differentiating Among certain Key Terms, Cont
• International business ethics: are unique ethical encounters faced by operating across national boundaries. [thus they adversely affect primary & secondary stakeholders‟ interests]. *International business ethics differ from domestic ethics.
A “Code of Ethics” defines acceptable behaviour, promotes high standards of practice, provides benchmarks for self-evaluation, and conveys occupational identity and maturity of a certain environment.
– How do international managers know which set of ethics to apply whether those of the host or home countries, since they operate on different lines? ………Think and analyse this question.